Herbal Dentifrice Research Articles

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Commercially Available Pediatric Dentifrices: An In Vitro Study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of commercially available pediatric dentifrices containing different compositions against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus activity. Four different commercially available brands of pediatric dentifrices, designated as sample I-fluoride, sample II-herbal, sample III-xylitol with nanosilver particles, and sample IV-xylitol with fluoride, along with two control groups (a positive control-ciprofloxacin and a negative control-distilled water), were tested for their antibacterial activity by measuring the zone of inhibition, followed by MIC against two dental bacterial pathogens, S. mutans strain and Lactobacillus acidophilus (LB) strain, at five different twofold dilutions of 100, 50, 25%, 12.5, and 6.25% concentrations. All four dentifrices were found to have wide variations in their effectiveness against the two tested microorganisms at 100% (pure) and 50% concentrations, with sample I having the highest activity, followed by sample IV and sample II. At 25% concentration, only sample I and sample IV showed antibacterial activity, while at 12.5 and 6.25% concentrations, none of the tested toothpastes exhibited any antibacterial activity. Sample III failed to show antibacterial activity even in pure form against the two microorganisms. In our present study, the fluoride-containing pediatric dentifrice with a lower fluoride concentration (458 ppm) exhibited the highest zone of inhibition, followed by the xylitol with fluoride dentifrice and the herbal dentifrice. No zone of inhibition was observed in the nanosilver with xylitol dentifrice. Dureha R, Navit S, Khan SA, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Commercially Available Pediatric Dentifrices: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(8):938-944.

Comparative Evaluation of Herbal Versus Non-herbal Dentifrice in Maintaining Oral Health of Young Adults.

Dental plaque may be attributed as a precursor to various oral health problems like dental caries, periodontal disease, halitosis, etc. With an ever-increasing awareness about the adverse effects of chemical formulations, emphasis is now being laid on the usage of herbal ingredients, as they are safer for long-term use in addition to their medicinal benefits. The present study aims to assess the anti-plaque and anti-inflammatory efficacy of herbal toothpaste compared to synthetic toothpaste among 20-40-year-old patients in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh. In this study, 130 subjects aged between 20 and 40 years with poor oral hygiene status and signs of gingival inflammation corresponding with chronic marginal gingivitis were selected. Subjects in Group 1 were prescribed herbal toothpaste (KUDOS Ayurveda), whereas patients in Group 2 were administered non-herbal toothpaste. Clinical parameters of gingival health specifically gingival index (GI), patient hygiene performance (PHP), and approximate plaque index (API) were recorded at baseline, 14 days, 28 days, and 42 days. Chi-square test, student-independent t-test, and paired t-test were performed to find significant differences in various variables between the two groups at different follow-up visits. At the end of the study, a significant reduction in GI and API scores was obtained, along with increased PHP scores.The p-value was set at 0.05, and the power of the study was set at 0.95. There was a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) in GI and API and an improvement in PHP scores at various time intervals in Group 1 as compared to Group 2. Conclusion: Regular application of herbal extract dentifrices for 42 days provided a significant reduction of dental plaque and improvement in overall gingival health without any adverse effects. This instilled motivation in the patients to uphold proper oral hygiene. Hence, herbal dentifrices could be prescribed as an adjunct to periodontal therapy in the maintenance phase.

Comparative Evaluation of Anti-microbial Activity of Herbal, Homeopathic, and Conventional Dentifrices Against Oral Microflora Using the Disc Diffusion Method: An In Vitro Study.

Aim To assess the antimicrobial activity ofherbal,homeopathic, and conventional dentifrices against oral microorganisms. Methodology Mueller Hilton agar was used to cultivate distinct strains of Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis, whereas Candida albicans was cultured on a potato dextrose agar medium. Diffusion ratios of 1:5, 1:10, and 1:15 were obtained by diluting 1 gram of each dentifrice (KP Namboodiri,Homeodent, andColgate Strong Teeth) in 4 ml, 9 ml, and 14 ml of distilled water, respectively. The culture medium was filled with sterile discs. Twenty μl of each dilution of prepared dentifrice formulations were incorporated using a micropipette. The agar plates were incubated for 24 hours at 37ºC. Result The findings indicate that there was a higher zone of inhibition against Streptococcus mutanswith herbal dentifrice at 10 mm, 8 mm, and 6.5 mm, followed by conventional dentifrice at 10 mm, 7.5 mm, and 7 mm, and the lowest with homeopathic dentifrice at 8 mm, 7 mm, and 7 mm at 1:5, 1:10and 1:15 dilutions, respectively. Conventional dentifrice was found to inhibit Enterococcus faecalisat 9 mm, 8 mm, and 7 mm with 1:5, 1:10, and 1:15 dilutions followed by herbal dentifrice at 9 mm, 7 mm with 1:5, 1:10 dilutions, and no inhibition at 1:15 dilution. In contrast, homeopathic dentifrice displayed no inhibition at 1:5, 1:10, and 1:15 dilutions. Neither homeopathic nor conventional dentifrices inhibited Candida albicans, but herbal dentifrices showed a 10 mm zone of inhibition at 1:10 dilution. Conclusion Conventional and herbal dentifrices were found to be more effective againstStreptococcus mutansthan the homeopathicdentifriceused in the study, whereas herbal dentifricewas more effective againstCandida albicanswhen compared to conventional and homeopathic dentifrices.

Herbal Dentifrices for Prevention of Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

Saikia A, Sivasubramanian A, Muthu MS, et al. Herbal Dentifrices for Prevention of Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(2):229-236.

Evaluation of Anti-Plaque Efficacy of a Herbal and Non-Herbal Dentifrice: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Context: The primary objective of using dentifrice is to remove plaque biofilm from tooth surfaces and additionally protect teeth from sequelae of events – halitosis, gingivitis, periodontal inflammation, and dental caries. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and consumer satisfaction profile of using herbal and nonherbal dentifrice in controlling dental plaque. Settings and Design: The randomized clinical trial was conducted on dental students at K. D. Dental College and Hospital, Mathura. Subjects and Methods: The triple-blinded trial was conducted during July 2022 over 15 days among 50 dental students of the institute, aged 18–21 years selected using simple random sampling and allocated into two groups: Group A – herbal dentifrice (Patanjali Dant Kanti dentifrice) and Group B – nonherbal dentifrice (Colgate dentifrice). At baseline, open ended self administered questionnaire regarding general information was recorded followed by full mouth prophylaxis and instructions to brush twice daily with allocated dentifrice following modified bass technique. Plaque assessment was done for index teeth on the 7th and 15th days using the plaque index. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed using SPSS. Intergroup comparisons were done using paired t-test and descriptive statistics for consumer satisfaction profile assessment. Results: The mean plaque index scores for Groups A and B was reduced at 15th day in comparison to scores on 7th day. Consumer satisfaction feedback was found statistically significant for Group A with insignificant for Group B on few parameters. Conclusions: Herbal dentifrice had similar antiplaque efficacy to nonherbal dentifrice with satisfactory consumer feedback without side effects on using them.

Formulation and Physicochemical Evaluation of a Herbal Dentifrice Formulated with Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg): An In Vitro Study

Aim: Dental plaque is the primary etiological factor of two of the most commonly encountered global oral health problems; dental caries and periodontal disease. The toothbrush-dentifrice combination is an essential aid in preventing them. There are several commercial chemical toothpastes available, but as of late herbal toothpastes have become more popular amongst people. Thus, the aim of this study was to formulate a novel herbal dentifrice with Myristica fragrans (Houtt.) (nutmeg), and compare its physicochemical properties with a commercially available herbal dentifrice without nutmeg. Material and method: A pilot study was conducted wherein the toothpaste was formulated under sterile conditions using various concentrations of nutmeg, tulsi leaves powder and clove powder as the main herbal ingredients. All herbal ingredients were 100% organic and certified by the Food Safety and Standard Authority of India (FSSAI). Its properties were compared and evaluated with a commercial herbal toothpaste and the most optimum formulation was then selected to be a part of the study. The properties evaluated were organoleptic parameters (colour, texture, appearance, taste, odour), pH, foamability, abrasiveness, gritty matter, homogeneity, stability and spreadability. Results: The results revealed that in comparison to the commercial herbal toothpaste, the formulated herbal toothpaste with nutmeg exhibited improved foaming ability, abrasivity, spreadability; and comparable texture, consistency, colour, gritty matter, homogeneity and stability properties. However, it had less favourable odour and taste. Conclusion: The overall results of the research provide convincing evidence of the satisfactory physicochemical properties of the nutmeg toothpaste. However, further research is warranted to test other significant properties of the toothpaste.

Anti-Oxidant Efficacy of Ginger Containing Dentifrice in the Control of Biofilm Induced Gingivitis. ( Randomized Parallel Clinical Trial )

Background: Gingivitis induced by biofilm is one of the most prevalent periodontal diseases. Due to their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other multipotent effects, a number of traditional medicinal plants are revered as pharmaceutical alternatives. Aim: The aim of the current study was to assess the antioxidant efficacy of ginger containing dentifrice in control patients with biofilm induced gingivitis. Materials and methods: In a double-blind, randomized, parallel clinical trial, one hundred adults suffering from gingivitis caused by dental biofilm were split into two groups and given either a ginger-containing or a control dentifrice to use for three months. Clinically, periodontal assessment and saliva collection were performed at the baseline visit and after three months of toothpaste use in order to determine the superoxide dismutase level. Results: Ginger containing dentifrices showed a significantly improved in plaque (0.216+0.069) and bleeding on probing (7.818+7.339) index scores. In addition, a significant increase (22.082+1.510) in the level of SOD antioxidant after 3months compared with control dentifrice. Conclusion: Compared to conventional dentifrices, herbal dentifrices demonstrated promising outcomes.

Evaluation of Anti-plaque and Anti-gingivitis Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Herbal and Non-herbal Toothpastes.

Plaque-associated oral disease affects a considerable portion of the population and is considered one of the major causes of tooth loss. The presence of plaque may be the reason for dental caries, gingivitis, periodontal problems, and halitosis. Many mechanical aids are used to control plaque, including toothbrushes, dental floss, mouth rinses, and dentifrices, and the most effective method of controlling gingivitis is supragingival plaque control. To evaluate and compare the anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis efficacy of commercially available herbal toothpaste (Meswak) and non-herbal toothpaste (Pepsodent). 50 subjects aged between 10 and 15 years with a full complement of dentition were included in the study. The two toothpastes were provided to the subjects in plain white tubes by the investigator. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily using the given toothpaste for 21 days. Plaqueand gingival scoreson days 0, 7, and 21 were recorded, and the data were subjected to statistical analysis. At the end of the 21-day study, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups for plaqueand gingival scores. The plaqueand gingival scores were significantly reduced throughout the study in both groups. In comparison, the herbal dentifrices show more effectiveness in reducing plaqueand gingivalscores, but no statistically significant difference was seenbetween the two groups.

A comparative clinical evaluation of Herbal and synthetic dentifrices in dentinal hyper-sensitivity

Background:&#x0D; Dentin hypersensitivity could be defined as a short, sharp pain arising from exposed dentin in response to stimuli typically thermal, evaporative, tactile, osmotic, or chemical and which cannot be ascribed to any other form of dental defect or pathology. In Ayurveda Dentinal Hypersensitivity can be compared with Dantaharsha. When teeth are sensitized to cold/breeze, hot, dry and sour eatables and have pain and shaky feeling, the condition is called ‘Dantaharsha’. Toothpastes are the most widely used dentifrices for delivering over-the-counter desensitizing agents. The aim study was to evaluate the effect of Herbal dentifrices in Dentinal hypersensitivity. The objective of this study was to prepare palatable formulation of Herbal Dentifrices to maintain oral health and prevent oral pathologies&#x0D; Materials and Methods:&#x0D; In this open-labelled, randomized, controlled study, 60 assenting patients between 18-40 years of age were enrolled and randomized into trial and control groups, after obtaining EC approval and informed consent. Those in the trial group received Herbal dentifrices, control group participants received Synthetic dentifrices. Herbal and synthetic dentifrices given to apply twice a day for 3 wks. Follow up was taken after second week and third week.The duration of treatment was of 21 days. Dentifrice was prepared under all hygienic conditions and safety precautions in GMP certified pharmacy. Effect in Dentinal hypersensitivity was assessed by scored using VAS on air stimulus and cold-water stimulus and Air Blast Stimulation Schiff Cold Air Sensitivity Scale. Appropriate statistical tests applied to the data to obtain results&#x0D; Results: On analysis of data generated through clinical assessment, improvement was seen in dentinal hypersensitivity in both the groups. Though synthetic dentifrice showed better results than the herbal one, the trial drug exhibited a promising output in the study. Statistically Group B shows better results in the median Hypersensitivity score on VAS and Air blast stimulation compared to Group A.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: In present study, improvement was seen in dentinal hypersensitivity in both the groups. Synthetic dentifrice showed better results than the herbal one. Although the results in the trial group were not disappointing. The results were encouraging enough to use the drug for further research.&#x0D;

Remineralizing effect of commercially available two herbal dentifrices on human teeth-An in vitro evaluation

Remineralizing effect of commercially available two herbal dentifrices on human teeth-An in vitro evaluation

Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy and Abrasivity of a Herbal Dentifrice Formulated with Myristica Fragrans and a Commercially Available Herbal Dentifrice: An In-vitro Study

Introduction: Effective plaque control is important for proper oral health maintenance, and the toothbrush-dentifrice combination is essential for achieving this. Recently, herbal toothpastes have gained more popularity among people. Aim: To formulate a novel herbal toothpaste containing Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) and compare its antimicrobial efficacy and abrasivity with a commercially available herbal toothpaste. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted 24 non-carious extracted permanent teeth with intact coronal structure. Experimental and control divided equally in the two groups(n=12 in each group). The nutmeg toothpaste was formulated using nutmeg, tulsi leaf powder, and clove powder as the main herbal ingredients. Dabur red was selected as the commercial herbal toothpaste. The zone of inhibition of both toothpastes was evaluated against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species using the agar well diffusion method. Enamel specimens measuring 5×5×5 mm were mounted on acrylic blocks and brushed for 28 days. Profilometric analysis was conducted on the 1st, 7th, and 28th day. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) version 23.0 software, and independent t-tests and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests were used. Results: 24 teeth were used. A total of 6 samples of toothpaste were considered for antimicrobial testing. The zone of inhibition for the nutmeg toothpaste and Dabur red was 28 mm and 32.17±0.42 mm, respectively, against both organisms. The increase in surface roughness of enamel was not statistically significant between the two groups (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Both toothpastes exhibited antimicrobial activity against the test microorganisms and significantly increased the surface roughness of enamel from baseline to the 28th day. The nutmeg toothpaste caused less enamel abrasion, but the difference was not significant.

Development, Standardization and Microbiological appraisal of Herbal Dentifrice prepared from Achyranthes aspera Linn. (Apamarga) leaves

Dentifrices are the products which are important in our daily life and mainly used to maintain good oral hygiene. The oral hygiene can be maintained throughout the day by using a variety of dentifrices prepared by herbal and synthetic ingredients. Most of the synthetic preparation of dentifrices causes side effects. In this study an attempt is made to prepare a tooth powder which can be used as a tool for proper oral hygiene and to overcome the side effects of synthetic one. The tooth powder was developed using various herbal ingredients such as Apamarga, Clove, Triphala, Pacha karpoora, Ritha and Mulethi. Developed formulation was standardized by analysing necessary evaluation parameters such as organoleptic, microscopical, physicochemical, rheological, phytochemical characteristics. The formulation was screened for its antimicrobial activity by agar well diffusion method against Streptococcus aureus. The results showed that the developed dentifrice has promising antimicrobial effect to use against dental diseases.

Effect of herbal and nonherbal dentifrice on gingival health - A clinical study.

The main causative factor for periodontal diseases is dental plaque. The most effective way to remove plaque is tooth brushing using dentifrice. Recently, due to the side effects of commercially available chemical dentifrices, herbal toothpaste is gaining popularity. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of herbal and nonherbal toothpaste on gingival health. The current study involved 100 outpatients reported to Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. Each patient received oral prophylaxis and for 3 days, they were told not to use any other oral hygiene products. The subjects were assigned randomly into the test group (Colgate Herbal) and control group (Colgate). Thirty days later, the plaque and gingival indices were recorded and compared with the baseline using an unpaired t-test (SPSS software, version 23). The mean plaque index at baseline was 1.4 ± 0.6 (herbal) and 1.3 ± 0.7 (nonherbal), and after 30 days, the scores were 1.0 ± 0.5 and 0.9 ± 0.3, respectively. The mean gingival index score for herbal and nonherbal dentifrice at baseline was 1.19 ± 0.5 and 0.9 ± 0.2, and at 30th day, it was 1.1 ± 0.4 and 1.0 ± 0.4, respectively. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Herbal dentifrices are just as effective as nonherbal dentifrices at reducing plaque and improving gingival health.

Antiplaque Efficacy of a Novel Moringa oleifera Dentifrice: A Randomized Clinical Crossover Study.

The use of herbal dentifrices has grown exponentially over the years. They are categorically referred to as ethnomedicines. Various agents have been tried with contradicting findings based on phytopharmacological analysis. Miswak is one agent which has been used over the years. A novel Moringa oleifera-based dentifrice has shown promising results in terms of its cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Therefore, the present study aims to compare the efficacy of two commercially available miswak- and moringa-based herbal dentifrices on the reduction of plaque and gingivitis scores. This randomized clinical crossover study included 20 subjects with mild to moderate gingivitis. The study was conducted over a total examination period of 20 days with a wash-out period of 2 weeks between the use of both the toothpastes. The plaque index and gingival index of the study subjects were recorded at the designated time intervals throughout the study period. The data collected were entered on Microsoft Excel, and statistical analysis using SPSS software (SPSS version 28, IBM Corp, Armonk, New York, United States) was done. The statistical test used was the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Moreover, p ≤0.05 was considered significant. The results showed that the reduction in mean gingival index scores from baseline to day 3 was more statistically significant in the moringa-based dentifrice. Similarly, the plaque index scores showed statistically significant reduction following the use of the moringa-based dentifrice when compared with the miswak dentifrice. This study reveals that the moringa dentifrice is a safe and effective agent in reducing plaque accumulation and treating gingival inflammation. The current study aims to provide an insight into the possible role of moringa dentifrice as a possible adjunctive oral hygiene aid.

Comparative effectiveness of herbal and conventional toothpaste on prevention of dental caries: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Dental caries is a global oral health problem caused due to localized demineralization of the enamel. Chemical plaque control is used as an adjuvant to mechanical plaque control in removing biofilm, thereby preventing dental caries. In recent times, there has been a renewed interest in nature-based products. This systematic review aimed to analyse the existing literature to compare the effectiveness of herbal and conventional dentifrices on prevention of dental caries. A search was done in the databases of PubMed and Google Scholar in July 2020 for the related topic. A hand search was done from the references of primary studies and other clinical trial registry sites. Randomized control trials, comparative clinical trials, and in vitro studies in which the effectiveness of herbal and conventional dentifrices on prevention of dental caries were included after review by the reviewers. The systematic search revealed a total of thirty-two publications from which ten publications were included. Five studies were clinical studies and five were in vitro studies. All the studies used microbiological analysis for the determination of cariogenic microorganisms in plaque and saliva, whereas one study used pH of plaque and saliva. Among the included studies, all studies had a high risk of bias with level 2 evidence. With the evidence available, it can be concluded that herbal dentifrices and fluoride dentifrices have similar antimicrobial activity against cariogenic microorganisms.

Comparative evaluation on clinical efficacy of active oxygen toothpaste with herbal toothpaste in supragingival plaque reduction among gingivitis patients: A randomized controlled trial

Context: Gingivitis is a soft-tissue inflammation of the gingiva. It is initiated in the oral cavity by the accumulation of plaque. Among the various plaque control methods, dentifrices play a major role to reduce the microbial load in gingivitis patients. Herbal dentifrice reduces plaque levels and gingival inflammation. In a revolutionary process on dentifrice, BlueM (BM) International has recently introduced the BM dentifrice. Its mechanism of action is to reduce inflammation by controlled delivery of reactive oxygen species to injury sites. Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of two commercially available toothpaste, BM, and Dabur Red (DR) in gingivitis patients. Settings and Design: To compare the anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis efficacy of two commercially available toothpaste by measuring gingival, plaque, and bleeding indices in gingivitis patients. Subjects and Methods: A total of 45 patients with chronic gingivitis were included in the study. After oral prophylaxis, they were divided into three groups: Group A, Group B, and Group C who received BM toothpaste, DR toothpaste, and placebo toothpaste, respectively. The clinical parameters were recorded at baseline, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd weeks. Statistical Analysis Used: Data on the gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) and bleeding index (BI) were statistically analyzed by the mean and standard deviation between the groups using analysis of variance with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS version 20.0) with a 95% confidence level (P < 0.05). Results: The three groups showed significant reduction (P < 0.05) in PI, GI, and BI from baseline. The BM has more significant mean PI and BI than DR. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that active oxygen toothpaste has comparable anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis efficacies with herbal toothpaste (DR).

Comparative antimicrobial efficacy study of different commercially available toothpaste in India: An in vitro study

Antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents have been recommended for lowering oral bacteria growth. The main purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of different toothpaste formulations in providing complete oral cavity protection against oral pathogens. By using a modified well agar diffusion assay, twenty kinds of toothpaste were examined for antimicrobial efficacy against two oral pathogens: Streptococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The examination indicated that the majority of the non-herbal dentifrices and combinations of herbal and chemical-based dentifrices chosen for the investigation were viable against both microbial strains, however, to differing degrees. TP1 and TP17 were found the best against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, with 21.553 mm and 23.443 mm as the zone of inhibition. From the herbal dentifrices, TP15 was found to have significant effect on E. coli, followed by TP19 for S. aureus. Nevertheless, toothpaste TP15 and TP19 were not effective against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. In correlation, the inhibition zones of every single other dentifrice were found to be less. Antimicrobial activity against test organisms was stronger in a sodium lauryl sulphate-based dental formulations, when combined with fluoride. A formulation including TP15 exhibited substantial activity against the tested bacterium E. coli among herbal dentifrices. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the effectiveness against Gram-negative bacteria was greater than against Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, herbal toothpaste can be incorporated with chemotherapeutic agents to enhance its effectiveness against pathogens present in the oral microbiome. This comparison aids in the identification of the toothpaste’s shortcomings and benefits over other formulations, widening the scope of more potent toothpaste products.

Evaluating the antibacterial effect of synthesized herbal toothpastes and their efficacy for dentine tubule occlusion: Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis.

The tubule occlusion of two newly developed herbal toothpastes was examined. They were prepared based on the mixture of pomegranate peel and Equisetum arvense extracts with strontium acetate. The antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel and E. arvense were determined using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Then, 30 mid-coronal dentin discs from the human third molars were etched for 30 s with the lemon juice (pH=2.4). The specimens divided into the three groups. While the control group had 6 specimens, Groups 1 and 2 were including 12 specimens. Group 1 brushed with toothpaste containing 10% strontium acetate and 5% hydroalcoholic extracts of pomegranate peel, and Group 2 brushed with 5% strontium acetate, 5% hydroalcoholic extracts of E. arvense, and 5% hydroalcoholic extracts of pomegranate peel. Brushing was simulated for 6months with 2N loading. Then, 50% of discs in each group were immersed in lemon juice for 1min. Moreover, specimens in control group were brushed with distilled water. Finally, all 30 discs were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). The occluded dentin tubules were counted and statistically evaluated. It was found that the number of open dentin tubules decreases significantly after brushing with both tested toothpastes compared with control group (p < .001). Moreover, a significant difference was observed between two toothpastes before and after acid immersion process (p < .001). The SEM micrographs confirmed the dentin tubule occlusion of both herbal dentifrices. Besides, EDXS analysis approved the strontium and silica presence on the dentin tubules for the toothpaste which was based on E. arvense.

The Efficacy of Commercially Available Herbal Dentifrices in Comparison with Conventional Dentifrices against Two Common Oral Microbes: An In vitro Study.

Background:Mechanical plaque removal is considered the gold standard for controlling and prevention of plaque and gingivitis. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of commercially available herbal dentifrices in comparison with conventional dentifrices against two of the common oral microbes, namely Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans.Materials and Methods:To determine the antimicrobial properties of individual dentifrices, the zone of inhibition on the blood agar plates was measured and also disc diffusion method was used for testing the antibacterial properties for which a thin paper disc containing the antimicrobial agent was applied on a culture of bacteria grown on agar media. Each dentifrice was tested in 50% concentration (1:1 dilution [50% w/w] using sterile deionized distilled water/half strength) and 100% concentration (full strength). The blood agar plates were then incubated aerobically at 37°C. The measurement of zone of inhibition was done after 24–48 and 72 h on the underside of the Petri dishes using Vernier calipers.Results:At 50% concentration, Regimen B2 showed the maximum zone of inhibition which was closely followed by Regimen A1 for S. mutans, whereas at 100% concentration, Regimen A1 showed better effects. For C. albicans, it was observed that Dabur red toothpaste showed the significantly higher zone of inhibition at 50% concentration when the concentration was made 100% and also Dabur red toothpaste showed the maximum zone of inhibition.Conclusion:This concluded that the herbal dentifrices are equally and sometimes better than the conventional ones.

Evaluation of clinical efficacy of a herbal gumcare dentifrice in the reduction of plaque and gingival inflamation – A single blind clinical study

Plant and plant product based dentifrices have received great attention in reducing gingival inflammation. In this study, the effectiveness of a herbal tooth paste formulation in the reduction of plaque and gingival inflammation was assessed. to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a herbal gumcare toothpaste in the reduction of plaque as well as gingival inflammation – a single blind clinical study conducted over a period of 30 days. : A single-blind clinical case study with 30 participants assigned to a single group was designed to investigate the effectiveness of a herbal-based dentifrice in the control of plaque and gingivitis. 30 patients who had established gingivitis participated in the study. All participants had at least 20 natural teeth with probing depths not greater than 3 mm and a plaque index score of 2 or more at baseline. At baseline, the clinical parameters such as gingival index, plaque index and papilla bleeding index were evaluated. At the end of the study, there was found to be statistically significant reduction in the gingival index, plaque index and papilla bleeding index scores in the subjects in comparison to baseline.: It was concluded that the herbal-based toothpaste was effective as in the control of plaque and gingivitis