Herbal Content Research Articles

DIFFERENCES OF HERBAL AND NON-HERBAL TOOTHPASTE AGAINST DECREASING PLAQUE INDEX OF ADOLESCENT WOMEN

Background: Women had better dental and oral health than men because women had better fine motor skills and manual dexterity than men. Dental and oral health problems commonly found in adolescents were caused by plaque. Plaque is a soft layer tightly attached to the tooth’s surface. Plaque could be cleaned mechanically and chemically by brushing teeth using toothpaste. Toothpaste was divided into two types, namely herbal and non-herbal toothpaste which had ingredients that were efficacious for dental health. Purpose: Analyzing the differences in the effectiveness of herbal and non-herbal toothpaste against decreasing plaque index in adolescent women around 11-19 years at the Aisyiah Hikmah Zam-Zam Orphanage and Harapan Ibu Orphanage, Banjarmasin. Methods: This study used the true experimental method with a pre-and post-test control group design, using simple random sampling. Result: The Wilcoxon test in the herbal toothpaste group obtained a significant value of 0.001 (<0.05) which meant that there was a significant difference between the plaque index before and after using herbal toothpaste, while in the non-herbal toothpaste group a significant value of 0.124 (>0.05) which meant that there was no significant difference between the plaque index before and after using non-herbal toothpaste. The significance of the Mann-Whitney test in the herbal and non-herbal toothpaste group was 0.037 (<0.05), which meant that there were differences in the effectiveness of herbal and non-herbal toothpaste in adolescent women. Conclusion: Toothpaste with herbal content was more effective in lowering plaque index in adolescent women compared to non-herbal toothpaste. Keywords: Adolescent, Herbal Toothpaste, Nonherbal Toothpaste, Plaque Index

An Insight View on the Role of Herbal Medicines in Infectious Diseases

Abstract:Nature always has enough spirit and resilience to transform our limited vision. Herbal medicines include products prepared from natural herbs which are employed to treat several diseases. In India, about 80% of drugs are of herbal origin. Nowadays, people are much more aware of the various side effects of synthetic drugs, which have molded their interest in herbal products and herbal remedies. In history, various infectious diseases or pandemic conditions have been treated or controlled with herbal medicines. Many herbal plants like Emblica officinalis (Euphorbiaceae), Withania somnifera (Solanaceae), Swertia chirata (Gentianaceae), Asparagus racemosus (Liliaceae), and Vinca rosea/Catharanthus roseus (Apocynaceae) have been reported to be of high medicinal values and preferred in the development of many newer drugs. The active component from plant extract is isolated, standardized, and undergoes safety trials for validation. Novel drug development from herbs is the amalgamation of practices of native systems of medicine and quite a lot of therapeutic experience of earlier generations. It is also believed that most herbal contents are safe, cheap, and easily available. Herbal drugs are useful in various diseased and pathogenic conditions like tuberculosis, cancer, diabetes, AIDS, jaundice, skin diseases, etc. Many countries with ancient cultures like India, Egypt, and America still use various herbal-based medications. Research for future herbal product development is increasing worldwide. Therefore, taking into consideration future perceptions of herbal remedies, this review deals with the present status and future exploration in the development of herbal drugs as modern beneficial agents for treating various infectious diseases and related pharmacological problems.

A CLINICAL STUDY OF ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF OBESE (STHULA) PCOS AND ITS MANAGEMENT BY MEDOHARGUGGULA

The polycystic ovarian syndrome is a hormonal disorder affecting 7% of the reproductive age of women. Women with PCOS have an irregular menstrual cycle, excess androgen, anovulation, hirsutism, and infertility. As per Ayurveda, this type of clinical feature is found in Pushpaghni Jataharini and Nashtartava. The present study provides information about some herbal plants, active plant constituents, and some formulations clinically tested in animal models that induce PCOS and humans suffering from PCOS. Aim: A clinical study of etiopathogenesis of obese (Sthula) PCOS and its management by Medoharguggula. Methodology: The two sections have made for a better understanding of the aim and objectives of the present study. The study was conducted on 30 patients. The drug Medoharguggula was given in Vati form with the dosage of 500 mg thrice a day with lukewarm water. This study was conducted at Bharati Ayurveda hospital during 2020-2022. It was a randomized, open clinical trial study. Results: A total of 35 patients were evaluated in this study. Out of which five discontinued the treatment, and 30 patients completed it. Conclusions: The herbal contents of the drug were found effective in reducing weight. It was not found effective in reducing BMI, hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans and weight reduction. Also, the menstrual cycle interval was found to be regular or at the interval of 45 days in 80% of the patients.

Silver nanoparticles synthesized via green chemistry with the aid of Delphinium denudatum Wall. root extract modulated gentamicin nephrotoxicity activity with respect to oxidative potential

Inpresent study, we explored the nephroprotective potential of Delphinium denudatum derived silver nanoparticles (DdrAgNPs). Characterisation of DdrAgNPs were carried out using UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), energy dispersive x-rays (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The biosynthesised DdrAgNPs displayed maximum absorbance at 415 nm, were polyspread in nature, sphere-shaped, and had a particle size ranging from 10 to 63 nm and the average diameter was ∼28.2 nm. Because nephroprotection could not be obtained solely through one mechanism, a considerable relationship of DdrAgNPs has been established between antioxidant potential and polyhydroxy herbal contents, suggesting that these blends may be complementary drug candidates to patients on gentamicin (GM) therapy. Biological performance of DdrAgNPs was assessed by estimating the level of renal biomarkers (blood urea, uric acid, creatinine) via antioxidants potential (GSH, CATALASE, SOD and TBARS) in experimental rats against gentamicin and corroborated with histopathological examination of renal tissue. In all, the proposed results indicate that DdrAgNPs are a potent nephroprotective agent, which can be utilised as a therapeutic adjunct to prevent gentamicin-nephrotoxicity. It is first time nephroprotection of silver nanoparticles has been reported using Delphinium denudatum as a plant extract.

Factors affecting the use of herbal products in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and their results: case\u2013control study

BackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disease that is characterized by abdominal pain, discomfort, and changes in the frequency and form of stool without any organic pathology. In this study, the factors that affect the herbal treatment choices of IBS patients and their results were investigated.MethodsIncluded in the study were 248 IBS patients who were over the age of 18. A questionnaire that comprised 25 questions was applied to the participants. Survey questions were asked to the participants regarding their age, place of birth, gender, educational status, demographic details, social standing, socioeconomic status and job, place of residence, and marital status. In addition, The participants were asked about which IBS symptoms they had, from whom they had received the recommendation for use of herbal products, whether the media had an effect on their selection of herbal products, and whether they had benefited from herbal products.ResultsIt was observed that 41.1% of the patients with IBS who participated in the study used herbal medicine, 9.8% of whom used them regularly. It was found that the IBS patients participating in the study made their decision to use herbal products mostly based on the recommendations that they were given by acquaintances (57%) and the media (34%). When the patients were evaluated according to their gender, IBS was found to be more common in unemployed women who had a low level of education, while it was more common in working men (p = 0.015, P < 0.001, respectively). The IBS patients who were single used more herbal products that those who were married (P = 0.036). While the use of herbal herbs and oils was predominant in patients whose recommendation content comprised the media/internet and acquaintances, the herbal treatment content recommended by healthcare professionals consisted of traditional treatments and mixtures (P = 0.012). It was determined that a higher percentage of those who used herbal treatments lived in city centers when compared to those who did not (P < 0.001). In addition, it was determined that patients with constipation used herbal products more than those without (P < 0.001). Among the IBS patients, those who had diarrhea and those who were receiving medical treatment preferred to use significantly less herbal products (P = 0.007 and P = 0.041, respectively). It was found that the patients who visited the Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic mostly used herbal therapy, while those who visited a family doctor used herbal therapy the least (P = 0.029 and P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionThe IBS patients revealed whose recommendations they followed when purchasing herbal products, which of the products they preferred, and how useful/beneficial they felt that these products were. In this regard, the addition of training curricula related to herbal treatment for professional healthcare workers will further raise awareness on this topic.

Pharmaceutical and Analytical Study of Tryushanadya Lauha &amp; Modified Form as Tryushanadya Mandura and their Comparative Evaluation for Antidiabetic Activity in Wistar Rats

Background: Lohais a metal that is used in many preparations after transforming it into non-metallic form by purification and incineration method uses to treat different kinds of diseases. Mandura is the rusting of iron.Tryushanadyalauha(TL) is one among the Ayurvedicherbo-mineral formulations described in BhaishajyaRatnavalliand as modified dosage form as Tryushanadyamandura(TM).The herbal contents are tryushana (i.epippali( Piper longum Linn ),maricha (Piper nigrum Linn)and shunti (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe), cavya (Piper chabaHunter), bakuchi (Psoralea CorylifoliaLinn),bhang (cannabis sativum Linn),andlavana like saindhava,aubhida,vida and sauvarchala ,andlohabhasma is the main ingredient.&#x0D; Aim: Pharmaceutical and Analytical study of TryushanadyaLauha&amp; modified form as TryushanadyaMandura and comparative evaluation for antidiabetic activity in Wistar rats.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: All herbal drugs will be collected, verified, and primarily authenticated by the Department of Dravyaguna. Lohaand Mandura will be procured from the vendor and authenticated by the Department of Rasashastra and BhaishajyaKalpana, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College Hospital Research Centre, Salod(H), Wardha, and they will be prepared as per reference. Organoleptic, bhasmapariksha, Physico-chemical,XRD and FEG-SEM parameters will be evaluated. To assess Tryushanadya Lauha (TL) and Tryushanadya Mandura (TM)antidiabetic action will be conducted in 30 Wistar rats in 5 groups and will be compared.&#x0D; Observation and Results: The study will be assessed Tryushanadya lauha (TL) and TryushanadyaMandura (TM)antidiabetic action in 30 Wistar rats by using one-way ANOVA.&#x0D; Conclusion: Pharmaceutical and Analytical study of TryushanadyaLauha (TL) &amp; modified form as TryushanadyaMandura (TM) will provide the standard parameters.

Utilization herbal as a denture cleanser in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans: a literature review

Background: Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans are microorganisms found in denture plaque and can cause denture stomatitis. To inhibit its growth, denture users are recommended to use denture cleanser. One of the developments of denture cleanser is ingredients derived from herbs. The herbal content can be used as a denture cleanser which has low side effects and can inhibit the growth of denture plaque. Objective: To determine the effect of herbal ingredients as denture cleansers on the growth of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. Method: Literature Review. Result: The content of herbal ingredients that have antifungal and antibacterial properties is found in compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins. These compounds have bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects that can inhibit the growth of Candida and Streptoccous mutans in dentures by various mechanisms. Conclusion: The herbal content has sufficient effectiveness in fighting microbial growth in dentures and it can be developed into denture cleansers.

Nutritive Value of BJRI Mesta-2 (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Leaves

Abstract The genus Hibiscus has more than 300 globally distributed species. This plant is well known for its bast fiber biogenesis, while its nutritional and medicinal values are largely ignored. Consequently, the nutritional properties of the Roselle variety, BJRI mesta-2, are unknown. Therefore, this study was carried out to analyze the nutritional composition of our selected Roselle tissues to support the nutritional requirements for humans in early summer in Bangladesh. Leaves were found to be a good source of calcium (2.7%), magnesium (1.6%), ash (7.34%), vitamin A (165.9%), and vitamin C (94.88%), whereas calyx was the potential source of potassium (1.9%), iron (422%), manganese (126%), and moisture (87.45%). Roselle seeds also have edible oil-producing capabilities, along with their nutritional properties. Our results indicate that BJRI mesta-2 can be an additional source of leafy vegetables, along with its herbal tea and edible oil contents.

NARDOSTACHYS JATAMANSI: IMPORTANCE OF HIGHLY SIGNIFICANT AND ENDANGERED PLANT IN AYURVEDA

Medicinal herbs have a rich history of their utilization for a variety of ailments. India is considered among those countries which have produced a vast variety of medicinal plants. Medicinal plants are the source of the discovery of new drugs across the world. Most of the drugs available today have some herbal content of plants in them. Due to this over-utilization of the herbal plant, it becomes endangered. Nardostachys jatamansi is a popular aromatic herbal plant. This plant is also on the verge of extinction due to the overexploitation of the rhizomes part of the herb. It is small, hairy, perennial, rhizomatous species of Valerianacea family. It is cultivated mostly in higher altitude areas. Jatamansi demonstrates various folk, Ayurvedic and pharmacological uses. Jatamansone and nardostachone are the main compounds present in the plant that possesses various activities like antimicrobial, antifungal, hypotensive, antiarrhythmic and anticonvulsant activity, etc. In this review, the phytochemicals pharmacological properties, Ayurvedic properties and folk uses of N. jatamansi are briefly explained.

The Effect of Dental Paste With Herbal Content on Remineralization and The Imaging with Fluorescent Technique in Teeth with White Spot Lesion

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Gumgumix herbal toothpaste on remineralization of white spot lesions with a laser fluorescent system called FluoreCam. It is a pilot study.Methods: The FluoreCam system was used for the fluorescence imaging of the fifteen teeth with white spot lesions. During the study, the patients continued to use the previously owned toothpastes, addition to Gumgumix. Gumgumix was applied on the lesion area with a finger pressure twice a day and was not rinsed mouth after, only a limited spit and was prevented from taking any fluid during 30 minutes. The “Compare” option in the FluoreCam system was used to differentiate the situation before and after the use of the paste; if the marked area were yellow “No Change”; blue “Sound Surface”; green “Improving”; light blue “Mild Improving” and red meant “Worsening”.Results: Of the 13 lesions that were “Suspect Surface” initially, 46% were identified as “Mild Improving”, 7% as “Moderate Worsening”, 30% as “No Change”, and 15% as “Sound Surface”. Two of the white spot lesions were recovered totally as 100%.Conclusion: After use of Gumgumix for one week, remineralization was observed on teeth with white spot lesion. The white spot lesions on two teeth were totally healed.

Rubia cordifolia (Manjishtha): A review based upon its Ayurvedic and Medicinal uses

Medicinal herbs have a rich history of their utilization for variety of ailments. India is categorized among those countries which have produced vast variety of medicinal plants. India is also called as “Botanical garden of the world”. Medicinal plants are the source of discovery of new drugs across the world. Most of the drugs available today have some herbal content of plants in them. Rubia Cordifolia (Manjishtha) is a climber herb having small flowers of greenish white colour which are grouped around the purplish fleshy fruits. The roots of Rubia cordifolia imparts red colour from where dye is obtained which is due to the presence of brownish red bark. This plant is mainly cultivated in the hilly areas. Manjishtha has a very significant place in Ayurveda which is one of the most ancient health care systems of the world. Charaka categorized this medicinal herb as varnya (for the enhancement of skin complexion), jvarahara (anti-pyretic), visaghna (a detoxifier) and a rasayana (rejuvenator). While it is categorized as pittasamsamana (one which maintains the pitta dosha of the body i.e. the fire component of the body) by Acharya Sushrut. Manjishtha has potential to pacifiy the pitta dosha. The phytochemical constituents of Rubia Cordifolia (Manjishtha) are associated with wide range of therapeutic properties. In this review, summary of its phytochemistry, its uses in different medicinal systems like Ayurveda and folk system and its scientific therapeutic properties are reported.

Fighting the Deadly Helminthiasis without Drug Resistance

Helminthiasis is a very costly management problem in the sheep and goat industry, because the gastrointestinal parasites develop resistance against all chemical products that are discovered and produced by the pharmaceutical industry. The use of natural herbal contents of tannin as especially in Sericea Lespedeza (SL; Lespedeza cuneate) is very promising. Utilizing genetic differences in resistance among the different goat and sheep breeds is a promising alternative, with limited success to date. Totally eliminating the offending parasites from re-infesting by plowing under affected pastures for some seasons, or scheduling rotational pastures, or feeding fresh (grazed) or dried forms of the perennial warm-season legume sericea lespedeza to the infected sheep and goats, or using elevated housing with slatted floors are the most promising alternatives to the ancient tradition of herding and managing ruminants by transhumance. An elevated slatted floor housing is desirable, and deserves wider attention because of its potential in controlling helminthiasis. Slatted floors are already used in the sheep and goat industries in Sweden, Norway, Malaysia and Guatemala.

Study In Vitro: Kombinasi Herbal dan Probiotik sebagai Alternatif Antibiotic Growth Promoter

Antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) are widely used in animal feed for feed efficiency, stimulate growth, productivity and minimize mortality by preventing infection, but now its use has been officially banned by the government. As a result of the ban, many farmers or animal feed producer seek solutions in various ways such as the addition of herbs, probiotics, and a combination of both, but there are still few reports on the role of herbs, probiotics and a combination of both for alternative substitutes for AGP. This study aims to determine the role of herbs in the growth of probiotics. Herbs used ginger, turmeric, galingale, wild ginger, and temuireng, while the probiotics used are Bifidobacterium longum, B. bifidum, Bacillus sp., and Saccharomyces cereviciae. The benefits of herbs in supporting probiotics were tested using the disc diffusion method. Chloramphenicol disc ware used as control positive. Observation and measurement of the growth zone of probiotics were carried out after incubation. The results of this study prove that herbs do not inhibit the growth of probiotics. Herbal content can be a prebiotic candidate that can support the growth of probiotics. The combination of herbal-probiotics can potentially be an AGP substitute in animal feed.

Active meat packaging from thermoplastic cassava starch containing sappan and cinnamon herbal extracts via LLDPE blown-film extrusion

• Active packaging from conventional blown extrusion of herb compounding TPS/LLDPE. • Films with sappan and cinnamon gave antimicrobial and preserved redness of beef. • Cinnamon gave higher compatible nano- and micro-structures between starch and LLDPE. Compounding of starch and herbal extracts containing antimicrobial functions possibly produces active packaging to preserve food quality. Active meat packaging was developed from thermoplastic starch (TPS) containing herbal extracts namely sappan or cinnamon powders via LLDPE blown-film extrusion. Higher TPS and herbal contents caused dispersion of clumps within film matrices, giving decreased mechanical properties (60–80 % for tensile strength and 30–90 % for elongation at break) due to non-homogeneous microstructures. Surface topography indicated increased roughness by 2.0–4.0 times with addition of TPS and herbal extracts and revealed nanovoids in films containing high sappan contents. Infrared spectra indicated hydrogen bonding between starch and herbal extracts which limited disruptions of starch granules during extrusion. Increased TPS raised water vapor permeability (WVP) but decreased oxygen permeability (OP) due to increased hydrophilicity of the film matrices. Cinnamon gave higher WVP (1.7–2.0 times) than sappan but similar OP. Increased herbal contents at 2 times increased OP by 1.8–2.9 times due to the formation of microvoids. Furthermore, films were used as minced beef packaging (direct contact) and determined for meat appearance and microbial counts. Films containing ≥ 8.6 % sappan and ≥ 6.7 % cinnamon showed preserved redness of packaged minced beef due to phenolic interaction. Moreover, films containing ≥ 3.3 % herbal extracts (sappan and cinnamon) gave lower total microbial counts in packaged meat due to antimicrobial capacity of sappan and cinnamon extracts, prolonging the shelf-life of minced beef. TPS films containing sappan and cinnamon extracts effectively preserved redness and delayed microbial growth, producing active packaging.

Preparation &amp; Assessment of Poly-Herbal Anti-Dandruff Formulation

Background: Dandruff is a major problem of hair, which cannot be fully cured with the aid of chemicals. An attempt has been made to prepare a poly-herbal anti-dandruff hair care formulation and it is standardized to ensure its stability and quality aspects. Objective: The present work is oriented at the synthesis of herbal anti-dandruff hair formulation and the estimation of its various aspects for its valuability. Materials and Methods: The herbal preparation was prepared in the laboratory, on the basis of decided proportion, with the help of all the herbal contents. The pack was gauged for its various parameters. Results: The results were concluded to be sufficiently ample for the assessment of herbal formulation. The findings of different aspects vindicated the worth of the formulation. Conclusion: Herbal hair formulation has been formulated and assessed using the various aspects. It serves as a good alternate, devoid of any side effects. The results can be unified while evolving the pharmacopoeial standards.

Effect of Green Coffee Bean Extract on P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans in comparision to Chlorhexidine: An in-vitro study

Brief Background: Periodontal pathogens like Aggregatibactoractinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonasgingivalis etc., are considered to be the primary aetiologic factors for the periodontal diseases. Chlorhexidine is a gold standard antimicrobial agent with a broad antibacterial activity and has been used for chemical plaque control. But chlorhexidine is known to cause staining when used for a longer time. Hence, other agents with herbal contents are being researched that can be used on a regular basis. Materials and Methods: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) and Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) were used to assess the antibacterial effect of Green Coffee Bean Extract against periodontal pathogens by micro dilution method and culture method, and it was compared with chlorhexidine. Results: For Green Coffee extract, MIC value of P.g and A.a was 50 ug/ml and 100 ug/ml respectively, MBC value of P.g and A.a was 50 ug/ml and 100 ug/ml respectively and Zone of Inhibition of P.g was 15 mm at 50 ug/ml and of A.a was 12 mm at 100 ug/ml. For Chlorhexidine, MIC value of P.g and A.a was 0.2 ug/ml and 12.5 ug/ml respectively, MBC value of P.g and A.a was 1.6 ug/ml and 12.5 ug/ml respectively and Zone of Inhibition of P.g was 13 mm at 1.6 ug/ml and of A.a was 12 mm at 12.5 ug/ml. Summary and Conclusions: Antibacterial activity of Green Coffee Bean Extract against P.g and A.a shows that it could used as a herbal adjunct to chlorhexidine for chemical plaque. Key Words: Green Coffee Bean Extract, Chlorhexidine, Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations, Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations, Zone of Inhibition.

Review of Malahara Kalpana of Rasa Tarangani

The word Malahara or Malhama is derived from unani system of medicine. Yogaratnakara mentioned this first by the name of Malahara Kalpana. It derives its name as it removes Mala (residue etc.) from Vrana (wounds), Vidradhi (abscess) etc. This is similar to ointments in modern pharmaceutics. Malahara Kalpana is the ointment preparation which has Siktha Taila (bees wax and oil mixture) or Ghrita, as the basic constituent. The other ingredients may include herbal, metal, or mineral contents depending upon the usage. Malahara has a property like Snehana (oelation), cleansing, Ropana (healing), Lekhana (scaraping), and Varnya (beautifying), depending on the drugs used in the preparation. Rasa Tarangani a Rasa Shastra treatise of 20th century by Acharya Sadananda Sharma has enumerated various types of Malahara Kalpana taking mainly Siktha Taila as a base. Though this Kalpana holds firm roots in treating diseases the mention and explanation of this particular topic is scattered in this treatise. Hence the present article is an attempt to elucidate and unfold the Malahara Kalpana of Rasatarangani.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN SALEP EKSTRAK KUNYIT KUNING (Curcuma longa Linn) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA SAYAT PADA TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus)

Turmeric is one of the herbal contents substancials that believed help wound healing process. Scientifically, turmeric has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory and choleretic effect. The curcumin compound has potential effects as antimicrobial and antioxidant that can accelerate the re-epithelialization and migration of cells such as myofibroblast, fibroblasts and macrophages. Those are compounds for wound healing. The aims of this study is to know the effect of yellow tumeric extract oinment in wound healing based on the time of wound close and morphological changes are compared with the controls. This study was carried out by experimental test. The experimental animals were divided into 5 groups, each group consisted of 5 animals. Each group is treated, among others by giving 10%, 20%, and 30% yellow turmeric extract ointment (treatment groups), povidone iodine 10% ointment (positive control) and ointment base (negative control). The rats were given an incision in the back of the vertebrae with square pattern around ±2cm to fascia. Yellow turmeric extract ointment was applied to rat wounds 2 times a day and observed daily from day 1 to day 14. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (analysis of variance). The results showed a significant difference in 5 groups (P< 0.05). There were differences in the results of the study between the treatment group (10%, 20% and 30% yellow tumeric extract ointment), positive control (povidone iodine 10% ointment) and negative control group (ointment base) which showed a faster treatment group to heal wounds compared the control group. The study reveals that 10% yellow turmeric extract ointment is best in accelerating wound healing.

Yield performances of Asiatic pennyworth accessions evaluated in multi environment trials in West Java, Indonesia

Yield and asiaticoside contents may be influenced by genotype and environmental condition. Approaches to improve the herbal production with desired asiaticoside contents have been done by selecting potential accessions and grown at several agro ecological locations. The objectives of the study were to evaluate herbal yield and contents of asiaticoside stability of five accessions in six different locations, in 2008 and 2009 using Eberhart and Russel stability analyses. Genotype and locations were significant, but genotype-by-location (G×L) interactions were not significant for yield, whereas for asiaticoside contents (G×L) interactions were significant. Among the six locations the highest yield was obtained from Manoko > Sukamulya > Gunung Putri > Cibadak > Cibinong > Cimanggu. Among the genotypes used in this study, CASI 001, was stable for dry yield and CASI 007 was found to be stable for asiaticoside content over the environments. This information should help in selecting genotype and location for production of asiatic pennyworth.

Textual research of diao,ji,li,tiao,di

Many medicine names were recorded in Shuowen Jiezi. The later scholars interpreted these names, but they had different standpoints on the relationship between the name and nature of some medicines. In this study, the medicine names of diao, ji, li, tiao, and di with greater different standpoints were verified by textual research. Shuowen Jiezi, Erya, Guangya and previous annotations of these exegesis books were combined with herbal literature to summarize and analyze the relevant content. The herbal content in exegesis books were compared with the records in herbal literature to hackle the relationship between name and nature of medicines, clarify the lexical meaning and illustrate the efficacy of the medicines. Meanwhile, the value of herbalism in these exegesis books was explored.