HER Activity Research Articles

In situ regulating the interfacial work function of Ag doped Ni(OH)2 via trace of Fe2+ for efficient water splitting

Traditional approaches for tuning the water electrolysis performance of catalysts through manipulating their work function (WF) have primarily focused on the design of pre-catalysts prior to electrochemical test. Herein, an in situ interfacial WF modulation concept has been developed to synthesize the Fe modified nickel-based hydroxide electrocatalyst with enhanced OER (named as 0.168-FeO-Ag-Ni(OH)2/NF) and HER (0.168-FeH-Ag-Ni(OH)2/NF) activity. The modulator is trace amounts of Fe2+ in 1 M KOH, while the support comprises silver-modified nickel hydroxide, in which the Ag possesses a valence catalysis effect on Ni or Fe sites. Under optimized Fe2+ content, the deposition of Fe facilitates the release of the WF of Ag-Ni(OH)2/NF and accelerates the electron transfer between the catalyst and reaction intermediates. Meanwhile, the charge transfer from Fe to Ni sites coupled with the blue shift of d-band promote the adsorption of water molecules and the desorption of hydrogen protons, thereby accelerating the hydrogen evolution reaction kinetics. Consequently, the OER and HER activity of 0.168-FeO-Ag-Ni(OH)2/NF and 0.168-FeH-Ag-Ni(OH)2/NF enhanced 4.31 and 2.48 times, respectively. Notably, compared with Ag-Ni(OH)2/NF(+)//Ag-Ni(OH)2/NF(−), at a high current density of 1000 mA cm−2, the potential for energy consumption reduction of 0.168-FeO-Ag-Ni(OH)2/NF(+)//0.168-FeH-Ag-Ni(OH)2/NF(−) couple is at least 6 %, which endows it a promising application prospect in the actual electrolytic water system in the future.

Mouse Models of HER2+ Human Breast Cancer: A Literature Review

Introduction: HER2+ breast cancer (BC) makes up 15-20% of BC cases, where HER2 overexpression drives BC progression via proliferative signals. Targeted therapies inhibit HER2's activity but face challenges like resistance and metastasis. Thus, HER2+ BC is a developing research area where many preclinical studies are being conducted, and mice are often used due to their genetic and physiological similarities to humans. This study aims to review and compare existing mouse models to determine the best model of HER2+ BC. Methods: A literature search on PubMed in February 2024 using search terms including HER2, neu, neuNT, MMTV, and mammary tumors identified 16 primary research articles that used Neu-overexpressing mice. The papers were categorized under five models: MMTV-Neu, MMTV-NeuNT, FloxNeo-NeuNT, MMTV-NIC, and MMTV-HER2. Results: Among examined studies, Andrechek et al.'s FloxNeo-NeuNT model had the longest average tumor onset at 447 days, while Kuang et al.'s MMTV-NIC had the shortest at 126 days. Ursini-Segal et al.'s MMTV-NIC mice showed 100% mammary tumor incidence. Most models resulted in mammary adenocarcinomas, with lung metastases commonly observed, especially in papers that used MMTV-NIC. Discussion: Human HER2+ BC is commonly adenocarcinoma and often metastasizes to lungs, bones, liver, and brain. The mouse models were also found to be adenocarcinomas, but they primarily showed lung metastasis, possibly due to insufficient tumor detection methods for brain and bone metastasis. Neu copy numbers in Andrechek et al.’s FloxNeo-NeuNT model also align with findings on HER2 copy number amplification in human HER2+ BC. Conclusion: We have found that MMTV-NIC is the optimal mouse model for HER2+ BC research due to its short latency, 100% tumor incidence, and high rate of lung metastasis.

Hierarchical Bifunctional NiO Electrocatalyst: Highly Porous Structure Boosting the Water Splitting Activity.

The development of an efficient, low-cost and earth-abundant electrocatalyst for water splitting is crucial for the production of sustainable hydrogen energy. However their practical applications are largely restricted by their limited synthesis methods, large overpotential and low surface area. Hierarchical materials with a highly porous three-dimensional nanostructure have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional electrocatalytic properties. These hierarchical porous frameworks enable the fast electron transfer, rapid mass transport, and high density of unsaturated metal sites and maximize product selectivity. Here the process involved obtaining monodispersed microrod-shaped Ni(OH)2 through a hydrothermal reaction, followed by a heat treatment to convert it into hierarchical microrod-shaped NiO materials. N2 sorption analysis revealed that the BET surface area increased from 9 to 89 m2/g as a result of the heat treatment. The hierarchical microrod-shaped NiO materials demonstrated outstanding bifunctional electrocatalytic water splitting capabilities, excelling in both HER and OER in basic solution. Overpotential of 347 mV is achieved at 10 mA/cm2 for OER activity, with a Tafel slope of 77 mV/dec. Similarly, overpotential of 488 mV is achieved at 10 mA/cm2 for HER activity, with a Tafel slope of 62 mV/dec.

Enhanced ammonia electrosynthesis over phosphorus-doped nickel across broad nitrate concentrations via regulating trade-offs in pathways

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) holds promise for carbon-neutral ammonia production but requires efficient electrodes to minimize the formation of nitrite and hydrogen by-products, from either concentrated or dilute feedstocks. Here, we report a trade-off effect upon phosphorus incorporation into Ni, wherein Ni- and P-rich surfaces tend to inhibit nitrite and hydrogen formation, respectively, while promoting the generation of the respective opposite by- products. Under 0.1 M nitrate concentration, the selectivity switch between the by-products presented a correlation with the intrinsic HER activity of surfaces, highlighting the critical role of *H supply. Through ex-situ and in-situ spectroscopies, the reconstructed P-doped Ni (R-NiP) was found to exhibit an oxidation state and local atomic environment intermediate between those of Ni and P-doped Ni (NiP), effectively integrating the suppressing traits of both Ni and P. Consequently, an ammonia Faradaic efficiency of 89 % was achieved at a reduced potential on R-NiP, along with a 2- and 8-fold enhancement in intrinsic activity compared to NiP and Ni, respectively. By leveraging this trade-off, we also showcase the adaptability of NiP platform for effective operation across both lower and higher nitrate concentrations, emphasizing that nitrate bulk concentration should be factored in when regulating *H supply for efficient ammonia electrosynthesis.

Amplifying energy storage and production efficiency: Utilizing BaS3: Ni2S3: Sb2S3 synthesized from dithiocarbamate precursors for enhanced and sustainable energy solutions

During this period of increasing energy use, the scientific community and energy stakeholders have been closely monitoring electrochemical energy storage. In an attempt to enhance the functionality of charge storage devices, diethyldithiocarbamate ligand is employed as a chelating agent during the production of the novel BaS3: Ni2S3: Sb2S3. The semiconductor BaS3: Ni2S3: Sb2S3, which was made in an environmentally friendly manner, showed good photoactivity due to its 2.97 eV energy band gap and light absorption. The resultant chalcogenide had an average crystallite size of 19.69 nm and displayed outstanding crystallinity with mixed crystallographic phases. Furthermore, infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate metallic sulfide connections, and the findings indicated that they varied between 500 and 875 cm−1. This chalcogenide featured varied sites for electrochemical reactions due to its morphology. The electrochemical performance of BaS3: Ni2S3: Sb2S3 was assessed using a conventional three-electrode setup. With a specific capacitance of up to 1019.4 F g−1 and a power density of 11931.26 W kg−1, BaS3: Ni2S3: Sb2S3 has proven to be an excellent electrode material for energy storage. This remarkable electrochemical performance was further reinforced by the comparable series resistance (Rs) of 0.57 Ω. During electrocatalysis, the electrode produced an OER overpotential with a Tafel slope of 348 mV and 119 mV dec−1. In contrast, the overpotential and Tafel slope in terms of the HER activity and were 211 mV and 100 mV/dec, respectively.

Chitosan–sodium Tripolyphosphate–CuO Biopolymer–nanocomposite as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Water Splitting

Background: Fossil fuels have been used extensively as primary energy sources, which has resulted in nearly depleted reserves, a contaminated environment, and a variety of negative health effects globally. Hydrogen has been proposed by researchers as an effective “carbon neutral” fuel. Large-scale hydrogen production through electrochemical water splitting necessitates the use of inexpensive, extremely effective, and earth-abundant electrocatalysts. Method: In this study, chitosan–sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles are combined with CuO nanostructures to produce chitosan–TPP–CuO (CT/CuO) nanocomposite. Chitosan–TPP nanoparticles were first synthesized using the ionic gelation method. These nanoparticles were then extracted, and CuO was synthesized in situ in polymer nanoparticles using a simple chemical precipitation method. Chitosan and CuO are abundantly available and are environmentally beneficial materials. The porous structure and open channels within the chitosan polymer matrix host the CuO nanostructures, which promote electrolyte penetration, mass transport, and charge transfer, while the metal-oxide nanostructures act as catalytic centers. The structural and morphological properties of the CT/CuO nanocomposite were investigated using XRD, HRSEM, and HRTEM. The band gap and functional groups in the material were measured by UV–Vis DRS and FTIR methods, respectively. Elemental analysis was conducted utilizing EDS, HRSEM, and XPS. Thermal characteristics of the CT/CuO nanocomposite were investigated using TG-DTA and DSC methods. Electrochemical techniques were used to investigate the activities of HER and OER. Results: The XRD examination of the CT/CuO nanocomposite revealed semi-crystalline chitosan peaks and a monoclinic CuO structure. HRSEM and HRTEM pictures indicated that chitosan–TPP nanoparticles and CuO nanostructures were evenly spread and clustered to create a nanoparticulate matrix. UV–Vis DRS indicated that the CT/CuO nanocomposite had a direct band gap of 1.702 eV. The FTIR and XPS studies revealed the various bonds and oxidation states of the nanocomposite. Thermal analyses demonstrated that the inclusion of CuO increased the thermal stability of the CT/CuO nanocomposite. CT/CuO nanocomposite exhibited excellent OER and HER activity, requiring a low overpotential of 444 mV and 379 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and -10 mA cm−2, respectively. Conclusion: Biopolymer metal-oxide nanocomposites could potentially be used as electrocatalysts in water splitting, energy conversion, storage devices, sensors, and several other fields.

Efficient, chlorine-free, and durable alkaline seawater electrolysis enabled by MOF-derived nanocatalysts

The development of cost-effective, scalable, and non-precious based bifunctional catalysts that can efficiently catalyze the sluggish oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER and HER) in the highly corrosive seawater medium is challenging, yet vital to realize a practical seawater electrolyzer. In this work, we demonstrate a nickel-exchanged zeolitic imidazolate framework (Ni@ZIF67)-derived nickel-cobalt-cobalt oxide nanoparticles embedded amorphous carbon (Ni–Co–CoO@C) nanocomposite as an efficient, chloride-resistant, and stable bifunctional catalyst in alkaline seawater. The OER and HER activities are meticulously characterized by comparing nanocomposites prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures. Ni@ZIF67 pyrolyzed at 700 °C (NZ700) exhibits the lowest OER overpotential (281 mV @ 10 mA cm−2) whereas that pyrolyzed at 500 °C reveals the lowest HER overpotential (196 mV @ 50 mA cm−2) in alkaline seawater. The NZ700||NZ700 cell also exhibits the lowest overall splitting voltage in alkaline seawater (1.72 V @ 20 mA cm−2). Detailed post-electrolysis studies are also carried out to explore the origin of the electrocatalytic activities. Furthermore, a zero-gap, flow-cell type alkaline seawater electrolyzer prototype has been fabricated to demonstrate the viability of our catalysts.

Hydrogen Spillover Mechanism of Superaerophobic NiSe2‐Ni5P4 Electrocatalyst to Promote Hydrogen Evolution in Saline Water

AbstractThe hydrogen spillover mechanism of metal‐supported electrocatalyst can significantly improve HER activity. However, the rational design of binary heterojunction hydrogen spillover electrocatalysts remains a challenge. Here, a NiSe2‐Ni5P4 heterojunction electrocatalyst with superaerophobic structure is synthesized by using a simple substrate self‐derived strategy. Experimental characterization and theoretical calculation reveal the hydrogen spillover mechanism of NiSe2‐Ni5P4 heterogeneous electrocatalyst. NiSe2 and Ni5P4 synergistically promote the adsorption/dissociation of H2O and the adsorption of H*, respectively. The smaller ΔΦ effectively reduced the electron density at the interface, weakening the proton adsorption at the interface and promoting the migration of H* from NiSe2 to Ni5P4. The NiSe2‐Ni5P4 exhibits excellent HER activity in alkaline electrolyte, requiring only a potential of 65, 270 mV to achieve a current density of 10, 500 mA cm−2, respectively, and a stability of up to 200 h. Moreover, the design of NiSe2‐Ni5P4 with superaerophobic structure can reduce the deposition of impurity ions on the electrode surface and avoid Cl− corrosion of the electrode, which results in NiSe2‐Ni5P4 showing better HER activity and stability than commercial Pt/C in brackish water. This study deepens the understanding of hydrogen spillover mechanism of binary heterojunction electrocatalysts, broadens the application of hydrogen production in complex water quality.

Achieving High‐Performance in Zinc Hybrid Capacitors with Zn(TFSI)2/PEGDME Molecular Crowding Electrolytes

AbstractAqueous Zinc‐hybrid capacitors (ZHCs) are gaining attention for their high‐safety, low cost, easy maintenance, high‐power, and longevity. Despite various strategies to mitigate dendrites, corrosion, and HER, practical application remains challenging. Here, we utilize an advanced polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PEGDME)‐based molecular crowding electrolyte (MCE) to significantly enhance performance of ZHCs. Our MCE offers a wider electrochemical stability window (2.7 V), low HER activity, and superior Zn anti‐corrosion properties due to reduced water activity compared to conventional electrolyte. This results in higher coulombic efficiencies (98–100 %) at various areal capacities and current densities, and longer longevity of Zn//Cu and Zn//Zn symmetric cells with MCE compared to conventional and water‐in‐salt electrolytes. The Zn/MCE/AC displays an enhanced voltage window (∼2 V), achieving the highest capacitance (281 F/g), competitive energy density (138 Wh/kg), low self‐discharge, and excellent cyclability (19100 cycles at 1 A/g with 100 % capacity retention), indicating that MCE is a promising approach for practical energy storage applications.

Construction of carbon hybridized Co3S4/NiS microspheres on nickel foam for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution in all-pH water and seawater

Interface engineering can expose sufficient active sites and facilitate the hydrogen evolution reaction kinetics. Herein, we developed a strategy with the designed deep eutectic solvents dissolved CoO as precursors to prepare Co3S4 and NiS nanodots and carbon hybridized microspheres on the surface of nickel foam (Co3S4/NiS/C/NF) via a one-step sulfidation-pyrolysis method. The composite catalysts have abundant tightly coupled heterogeneous interfaces between Co3S4 and NiS nanodots, the hybridized carbon layers and NF, which not only improve the electron transfer efficiency but also increase the number of active sites. The optimized Co3S4/NiS/C/NF electrodes exhibit excellent electrocatalytic HER activity in all-pH water and natural seawater, and were even superior to the Pt/C electrode at high current densities. In 0.5 M H2SO4, 1.0 M KOH, 1.0 M PBS, and natural seawater electrolytes, current densities as high as 10 mA cm−2 were obtained at remarkably low overpotentials of only 49, 72, 93, and 261 mV respectively. This work provides new insights for the development of excellent electrocatalysts in all-pH water and natural seawater applications.

Pd@CuInP2S6 Core-Shell Nanospheres with Exceptional Hydrogen Evolution Capability and Stability in Both Alkaline and Acidic Media under Large Current Density Exceeding 1000mAcm-2.

By combining Pd with 2D layered crystal CuInP2S6 (CIPS) via laser irradiation in liquids, low-loading Pd@CIPS core-shell nanospheres are fabricated as an efficient and robust electrocatalysts for HER in both alkaline and acidic media under large current density (⩾1000mAcm-2). Pd@CIPS core-shell nanosphere has two structural features, i) the out-shell is the nanocomposite of PdHx and PdInHx, and ii) there is a kind of dendritic structure on the surface of nanospheres, while the dendritic structure porvides good gas desorption pathway and cause the Pd@CIPS system to maintain higher HER activity and stability than that of commercial Pt/C under large current densities. Pd@CIPS exhibits very low overpotentials of -218 and -313mV for the large current density of 1000mAcm-2, and has a small Tafel slope of 29 and 63mVdec-1 in 0.5mH2SO4 and 1mKOH condition, respectively. Meanwhile, Pd@CIPS has an excellent stability under -10 and -500mAcm-2 current densities and 50000 cycles cyclic voltammetry tests in 0.5mH2SO4 and 1mKOH, respectively, which being much superior to that of commercial Pt/C. Density functional theory (DFT) reveals that engineering electronic structure of PdHx and PdInHx nanostructure can strongly weaken the Pd─H bonding.

Investigating Layered Topological Magnetic Materials as Efficient Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction under High Current Densities

Despite considerable progress, high-performing durable catalysts operating under large current densities (i.e., >1000 mA/cm2) are still lacking. To discover platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) electrocatalysts for sustainable energy, our research involves investigating layered topological magnetic materials (semiconducting ferromagnets) as highly efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction under high current densities and establishes the novel relations between structure and electrochemical property mechanisms. The materials of interest include transition metal trihalides, i.e., CrCl3, VCl3, and VI3, wherein a structural unit, the layered structure, is formed by Cr (or V) atoms sandwiched between two halides (Cl or I), forming a tri-layer. A few layers of quantum crystals were exfoliated (~50−60 nm), encapsulated with graphene, and electrocatalytic HER tests were conducted in acid (0.5M H2SO4) and alkaline (1M KOH) electrolytes. We find a reasonable HER activity evolved requiring overpotentials in a range of 30–50 mV under 10 mA cm−2 and 400−510 mV (0.5M H2SO4) and 280−500 mV (1M KOH) under −1000 mA cm−2. Likewise, the Tafel slopes range from 27 to 36 mV dec−1 (Volmer–Tafel) and 110 to 190 mV dec−1 (Volmer–Herovsky), implying that these mechanisms work at low and high current densities, respectively. Weak interlayer coupling, spontaneous surface oxidation, the presence of a semi-oxide subsurface (e.g., O–CrCl3), intrinsic Cl (or I) vacancy defects giving rise to in-gap states, electron redistribution (orbital hybridization) affecting the covalency, and sufficiently conductive support interaction lowering the charge transfer resistance endow the optimized adsorption/desorption strength of H* on active sites and favorable electrocatalytic properties. Such behavior is expedited for bi-/tri-layers while exemplifying the critical role of quantum nature electrocatalysts with defect sites for industrial-relevant conditions.

Rational construction of N-containing carbon sheets atomically doped NiP-CoP nanohybrid electrocatalysts for enhanced green hydrogen and oxygen production

The pursuit of sustainable energy production has directed rigorous research in the field of electrocatalysis, particularly for water electrolysis (i.e., hydrogen (HER) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER)). This study discloses the rational synthesis of N-containing carbon sheets atomically doped NiP-CoP nanohybrid (NiP-CoP/NCS) via precipitation/calcination. The fabrication method tailored the physicochemical merits for collective contribution to improved green hydrogen and oxygen, elucidated by surface/bulk characterization and theoretical calculations. Thus, the NiP-CoP/NCS had improved HER activity at lower overpotential (ƞ10 = 197.7/274.6 mV), higher exchange current density (jo = 0.71/0.67 mA/cm2), turnover frequency (TOF = 2.63/1.47 s-1), H2 production rate (3601.63/2519.12 µmol/g/h) and superior stability after 24 h in acid/alkaline media, than NiP/NCS and CoP/NCS. Moreover, NiP-CoP/NCS delivered impressive OER activity at reduced ƞ10 (309.1 mV), and Tafel slope (ba = 58.9 ± 3.0 mV/dec), but higher TOF (3.67 s-1) and O2 production rate (3643.96 µmol/g/h) relative to NiP/NCS and CoP/NCS, besides higher stability for 24 h. These were further proved by theoretical calculations. This work indicates a deeper understanding of the fabrication methods of making efficient electrocatalysts for green and sustainable energy conversion.

LRG1 promotes metastatic colorectal cancer growth through HER3 signaling

Background and aimsTherapy failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC, ∼80% occur in the liver) remains an overarching challenge. Preclinical studies demonstrated that HER3 promotes CRC cell survival, but therapies blocking the neuregulin-induced canonical HER3 signaling have made little impact in the clinic. Recent studies suggest that the liver microenvironment promotes CRC growth by activating HER3 in a neuregulin-independent fashion, thus elucidation of these mechanisms may reveal new strategies for treating patients with mCRC. MethodsPatient-derived primary liver endothelial cells (ECs) were used to interrogate EC-CRC crosstalk. We conducted proteomic analysis to identify EC-secreted factor(s) that triggers non-canonical HER3 activation in CRC, and determined the subsequent effects on mCRC using diverse murine mCRC models. In vitro studies with genetic and pharmacological interventions were used to map the non-canonical HER3 pathway. ResultsWe demonstrated that EC-secreted leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) directly binds and activates HER3 and promotes CRC growth distinct from neuregulin, the canonical HER3 ligand. Blocking host-derived LRG1 by gene knockout or a neutralizing antibody impaired mCRC outgrowth in the liver and prolonged mouse survival. We identified protein synthesis activated by the PI3K-PDK1-RSK-eIF4B axis as the biologically relevant signaling cascade downstream of the LRG1-HER3 interaction, which was not blocked by conventional HER3-specific antibodies that failed in prior clinical trials. ConclusionsLRG1 is a novel HER3 ligand and mediates liver-mCRC crosstalk. The LRG1-HER3 signaling axis is distinct from canonical HER3 signaling and represents a new therapeutic opportunity to treat patients with mCRC, and potentially other types of liver metastases.

Modulated electronic structure of atomic W-doped NiO/Cr2S3 nanotube heterostructure on nickel foam for enhanced overall water splitting

Critical for advancing hydrogen energy industrialization is the need to engineer durable and highly active non-precious electrocatalysts for the hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER). In this study, we developed a novel approach to construct a vertically grown W-doped NiO/Cr2S3 nanotube heterostructure on nickel foam (referred to as tube W-NiO/Cr2S3/NF). This heterostructure serves as an efficient and bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting through a combination of electrodeposition and etching processes. Our systematic investigations revealed that W-doping effectively induces modifications in the electronic structure of NiO/Cr2S3, thereby boosting its intrinsic activities. Density functional theory reveals that catalytic activity for HER is influenced by the energy states of active valence dz2 orbitals. After W-doping, the resulting antibonding state orbital's unique property, neither completely empty nor fully filled, leads to an ideal hydrogen adsorption energy. Consequently, tube W-NiO/Cr2S3/NF exhibits significantly enhanced performance for overall water splitting. As a bifunctional electrode, tube W-NiO/Cr2S3/NF demonstrates remarkable activity, achieving a cell voltage of 1.58 V at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting. Furthermore, it exhibits outstanding stability over 100 h in a 1.0 M KOH solution, outperforming commercial Pt-C and IrO2 counterparts.

The excellent electrocatalytic HER activity and photogalvanic effect of WS2/Ga2O3 based on Density Functional Theory

This study is based on density functional theory, studied structure and electronic properties, optical properties, electrocatalytic water splitting to produce H2, and electrical properties of the WS2/Ga2O3 heterojunction. By analyzing the photoelectric characteristics, we find that the WS2/Ga2O3 heterojunction has built-in electric field, which can separate photogenerated carriers and effectively capture visible light for visible light photocatalysis. In addition, the change of Gibb free energy (ΔG) tends to 0, so when the WS2/Ga2O3 heterojunction is used as a catalyst, the hydrogen evolution reaction tends to proceed spontaneously. Interestingly, by analyzing the electrical properties, we find that the large and obviously changed photogalvanic effect photocurrent is produced with the change of polarization angle and photon energy of the WS2/Ga2O3 heterojunction, and it has the potential to become high-sensitivity optoelectronic detector.

Unraveling Lattice Dislocation‐Driven Energy Band Convergence Mechanism to Enhance Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production in Alkaline Seawater

AbstractHydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from seawater electrolysis still faces challenges of low reactivity and chloride ions poison at the active sites, leading to reduced efficiency and stability of electrocatalysts. This study presents edge dislocation strategy aimed at inducing lattice strain in ferric oxide through Mo doping, consequently regulating the catalyst's band structure. Through in situ characterizations and DFT analysis, it is confirmed that lattice strain effectively modulates the band structure, intensifies the hybridization between Mo(d)‐Fe(d)‐O(p) orbitals, thereby accelerating the charge transfer rate of HER. Furthermore, band structure modulated by lattice strain enhances water adsorption capacity, reduces the adsorption energy of Cl−, and optimizes the hydrogen adsorption‐free energy (ΔGH*) for HER. Benefiting from above, the optimized 2%‐Mo‐Fe2O3 catalyst demonstrates HER activity and stability in alkaline seawater electrolysis comparable to that of commercial Pt/C. Additionally, the assembled electrolytic cell utilizing an anion exchange membrane (AEM) maintains long‐term stability for >100 h at 500 mA cm−2, showcasing a sustained catalytic effect.

Improving HER activity and stability of Pt nanoparticle on Triazine graphitic nanoplatelets

Triazine graphitic nanoplatelets (TGNP) were synthesized as an anchor to improve the activity and stability of Pt nanoparticles for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Pt@TGNP, Pt supported on TGNP, showed high performance (i.e., high activity and stability) for HER under acidic conditions. Although Pt@TGNP contained very low Pt content (8.7 wt%), it exhibited much better activity (overpotential: 32 mV, Tafel slope: 28.4 mV dec−1) and stability (overpotential increase: 1.6 mV) for HER, compared with Pt/C (overpotential: 35 mV, Tafel slope: 29.2 mV dec−1, and overpotential increase: 6.2 mV). The results convincingly demonstrate that the triazine units of TGNP offer active sites that increase catalytic activity, as well as anchoring sites to prevent the aggregation of Pt nanoparticles. Results confirmed that Pt@TGNP with its efficient catalytic activity and stability is a promising alternative to existing Pt-based catalysts, and TGNP with triazine is highly likely to be utilized as a catalyst support in various applications.

Proteomics based selection achieves complete response to HER2 therapy in HER2 IHC 0 breast cancer

Recent trials have shown the efficacy of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in HER2-negative patients, but there is not yet a way to identify which patients will best respond, especially with the inability of current HER2 IHC and FISH assays to accurately determine HER2 expression in the unamplified setting. Here, we present a heavily pre-treated patient with triple-negative breast cancer (HER2 IHC 0 who had a complete response to T-DXd. In this case, we used a CLIA-certified reverse-phase protein array-based proteomic assay (RPPA) to determine that the patient had moderate HER2 protein expression (HER2Total 2+, 42%) and activation (HER2Y1248 1+, 23%). Using these results, we determined that the patient may benefit from T-Dxd despite being traditionally qualified as HER2 IHC 0. These findings highlight the potential for proteomics-based assays that may more accurately quantitate HER2 and (its activation) in the HER2 unamplified/IHC 0 setting to better select patients whose tumors are classically molecularly defined as HER2 IHC 0, but still could respond to HER2-directed therapy, and give patients access to therapies which for which they otherwise would not be eligible.

Nickel-Iron Layered Double Hydroxides/Nickel Sulfide Heterostructured Electrocatalysts on Surface-Modified Ti Foam for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Electrochemical approaches for generating hydrogen from water splitting can be more promising if the challenges in the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can be harnessed. The interface heterostructure materials offer strong electronic coupling and appropriate charge transport at the interface regions, promoting accessible active sites to prompt kinetics and optimize the adsorption-desorption of active species. Herein, we have designed an efficient multi-interface-engineered Ni3Fe1 LDH/Ni3S2/TW heterostructure on in situ generated titanate web layers from the titanium foam. The synergistic effects of the multi-interface heterostructure caused the exposure of rich interfacial electronic coupling, fast reaction kinetics, and enhanced accessible site activity and site populations. The as-prepared electrocatalyst demonstrates outstanding OER activity, demanding a low overpotential of 220 mV at a high current density of 100 mA cm-2. Similarly, the designed Ni3Fe1 LDH/Ni3S2/TW electrocatalyst exhibits a low Tafel slope of 43.2 mV dec-1 and excellent stability for 100 h of operation, suggesting rapid kinetics and good structural stability. Also, the electrocatalyst shows a low overpotential of 260 mV at 100 mA cm-2 for HER activity. Moreover, the integrated electrocatalyst exhibits an incredible OER activity in simulated seawater with an overpotential of 370 mV at 100 mA cm-2 and stability for 100 h of operation, indicating good OER selectivity. This work might benefit further fabricating effective and stable self-sustained electrocatalysts for water splitting in large-scale applications.