Hepatoprotective Activity Of Methanolic Extract Research Articles

Phytochemical and Hepatoprotective Activity of Prosopis juliflora Barks on Different Models

Liver injury is a common disorder where natural remedies are practiced from ancient time from plant source which shows alternative treatment in a safe manner. The Hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Prosopis juiliflora bark part was taken for evaluation in screening. The model chosen for the study is carbon tetrachloride (0.1ml/kg) and the standard drug silymarin of 20mg/kg was used for the study for 21 days. The hepatoprotective effect of the methanolic extract against the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in wistar rats has been demonstrated by the substantial and severe reduction of enzymes in the serum.

In Vitro Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Acalypha indica Against CCl4 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Goat Liver Slice Culture

Plants used in traditional medicine may constitute an important source of new biologically active compounds. Acalypha indica is one of the weed plants that contain important medicinal values for human health applications. The present study was undertaken to assess the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic leaf extract of Acalypha indica in goat liver slice culture against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to prove its efficacy against liver disorders CCl4 was used to induce hepatotoxicity in liver slice of goat. The cytotoxicity induced by CCl4 was estimated by quantifying the release of marker enzymes such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Also, the degree of hepatic damage was measured by estimating the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) of hepatocytes membrane lipids. The treatment of liver cells with CCl4 caused twice increase in LPO of cells besides release of LDH, ALT, AST, ACP and ALP by 6.55, 3.89, 3.31, 2.69 and 2.50 times, respectively as compared to untreated liver cells. Thus, a toxic effect of CCl4 was significantly reduced by the treatment of methanolic leaf extract of Acalypha indica, silymarin and quercetin. The free radical scavenging activity of plant extract was estimated by 2, 2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and IC50 is 65.12 ± 2.27 μg/mL. Qualitative analysis of flavonoid indicates the presence of flavonoids in plant extract. These results indicate that all concentration of plant extract of Acalypha indica, silymarin and quercetin protect the liver cells from CCl4 induced oxidative/free radical mediated damage in vitro. The hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Acalypha indica extract is due to the presence of flavonoids which have remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. HIGHLIGHTS Liver disorders are the most common health hazard found in developing countries due to dietary habits, alcohol ingestion, poor hygiene, unsupervised drug use and smoking. Liver diseases can be non-inflammatory, inflammatory and degenerative Acalypha indica is one of the weed plants that contain important medicinal values for human health applications In vitro study of methanolic leaf extract of Acalypha indica against CCl4 induced hepatic damage in goat liver slice culture proven its efficacy against liver diseases GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanolic Extract of Leaves Parts of Chenopodium Album Linn on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Waster Rats.

The liver is among the most complex and important organ in the human body. Its primary function is to control the flow and safety of substances absorbed from the digestive system before distribution of these substances to the systemic circulatory system. Carbon tetra chloride is well- known hepatotoxin which is widely used to induce hepatotoxicity in laboratory animals. Chenopodium album Linn also known as frost Bilte, Pigweed (Canada), found to have antipruritic and antinociceptic, sperm immoblizing agent, cryptomeridiol and 8- alpha-acetoxycryryptomeridiol as growth promoting activity, (patak and pandey) Chenopodium album has reported hepatoprotective activity, antifungal, antihelminitic, contraceptive, antipyretic and antinoceipetive activity. The present study was aimed to investigate hepatoprotective activity of alcoholic extract of leaves parts of Chenopodium album Linn on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in waster rats. The leaves of plant was dried under shed and then powdered. The Powder was packed into a Soxhlet apparatus, extract was concentrated in steam bath till the complete evaporation of the solvent. Administration of Carbon tetra chloride subcutanously (SC) in the lower abdomen, in a suspension of liq. paraffin (LP, 1:1 v\v) at the dose of 1ml\kg B.W. on alternate days of week showed significant increase in SGOT and SGPT. Methanol extract of Chenopodium album Linn. at dose of 200mg\kg B.W. P.O. (Group III) in a carbon tetra chloride treated groups cause significant decrease in SGOT and SGPT. Result of biochemical parameters of Chenopodium album Linn. (400 mg\kg B.W. P. O.), showed significantly arrestedin in rise of level of SGOT, SGPT was found in group IV. The standard drug Liv2R showed significant reduction in all parameters when compared to CCl4 treated groups. This study concluded that methanolic extract of Chenopodium album Linn. has hepatotprotective effect in CCl4 induced liver damage. This effect is evident especially with high dose of Chenopodium album Linn. (400 mg\kg B.W. p.o) because it caused drastic fall in serum markers as compared to other doses of Doses of Chenopodium Album Linn.
 Abbreviations- serum glutamate oxaloacetatae transaminase (SGOT) and serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT)
 Keywords- Chenopodium album Linn., methanolic extract, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), hepatotoxicity

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective activity of Methanol extract of Persicaria hydropiper: An in vivo screening

The present study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of methanolic whole plant extract of Persicaria hydropiper in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity model. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for seven days. The extract was thereafter administered at two different doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight for next seven days. Silymarin was used as a reference standard. The extract revealed hepatoprotective activity in dose dependent manner. The dose of 400 mg/kg exhibited maximum hepatoprotective ability as apparent from several evaluation parameters including liver function profile, bilirubin, antioxidant enzymes as well as histopathological investigation which was comparable to the standard drug Silymarin respectively. These findings sustenance the use of the extract as an adjuvant with existing therapy for treatment of liver ailments.

Hepatoprotective activity of Chamaecrista nigricans in Experimental Rats

An important ethnomedicinal plant Chamaecrista nigricans (Vahl) Greene, widely used for antipyretic, appetite, family planning, fevers, sore throat, wounds and various gastrointestinal disorders including diarrhoea and peptic ulcer. In the present study, acute toxicity and hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract alone were carried out in experimental animals approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. In acute toxicity studies, there was no mortality in animals when the extracts tested as per OECD guidelines. Regarding hepatoprotective activity, methanol leaf extract significantly reduced the increased level of serum marker enzymes such as ACP, ALP, ALT, AST and Total bilirubin. The protective effect of the methanol extract was also confirmed by histopathological examination which supports that the methanol leaf extract repaired the liver damage caused by CCl4. Thus the present study provides scientific evidence to the extracts of their hepatoprotective potential against liver damage and offers lead for further research in drug development. Keywords: Ethnomedicine; Chamaecrista Nigricans; Acute Toxicity; Hepatoprotective; Drug Development

POTENTIAL ROLE OF ANNONA SQUAMOSA LINN EXTRACT AND N-ACETYL CYSTEINE IN MANAGEMENT OF RIFAMPICIN-INDUCED HEPATOXICITY IN RATS

Objective: Rifampicin (RIF) could be a recognized therapeutic and preventive agent against tuberculosis. Still, high rates of many side effects and symptoms related to hepatotoxicity have identified during treatment. So, the current study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Annona Squamosa Linn (MEAS) and N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) against RIF induced hepatic injury in male rats.
 Methods: The hepatoprotective effects of MEAS (500 mg/kg b.wt.) and NAC (100 mg/kg b.wt.) or co-treatment were assessed in a model of hepatotoxicity by RIF (300 mg/kg b. wt.) in male rats daily for 21 d. Moreover, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, MDA, and GSH were estimated. In addition, the levels of IL-6, IL-10, 8(OH)dG, and Bcl2 were evaluated.
 Results: The oral administration of MEAS and NAC or their combination resulted in significant reductions in the levels of bilirubin, albumin, hepato-specific markers namely ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, and MDA as compared to the RIF group. Furthermore, MEAS and NAC or the combination of MEAS and NAC treatment significantly up-regulated the levels of total protein, glutathione reductase with concomitant decrease in inflammatory marker level IL-6 and apoptotic marker level 8(OH)dG as well as increment the level of anti-inflammatory marker IL-10 and anti-apoptotic marker Bcl2 as compared to the RIF group. Histological examination of the liver tissue indicated that co-treatment with MEAS and NAC completely abolished the inflammation and degeneration in hepatocytes and restore the liver tissue to its normal structure.
 Conclusion: The present findings demonstrated that a co-treatment of MEAS and NAC seems to be more productive and curative than alone MEAS or NAC treatment and strongly compensated the liver damage induced by RIF.

Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of Methanolic Extract of Barleria buxifolia in Experimental Rats

Barleria cuspidata is considered as one of the medicinal plant which finds its use in traditional Indian medicine for treating various liver ailments. In previous studies it has been reported Barleria cuspidata showed antihelminthic activity, wound healing potential. There are no reports on hepatoprotective activity of this plant. The present study was planned to scientifically investigate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Barleria cuspidata using CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity model. The animals were grouped into five groups of six animals each. Except the normal group all the other groups received carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) 50% v/v in coconut oil at a dose of 0.1 ml/kg b.w intraperitoneally for 28 days. Normal groups received plain coconut oil orally. The standard group received silymarin 50 mg/kg orally. Test groups received MEBC 200 mg/kg and 400mg/kg b.w orally. On the 28th day, blood samples were collected and serum was separated which is in turn used to analyze liver function tests such as SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Total bilirubin, total cholesterol, Alb, TP levels along with tests to check SOD, Catalase, GSH, MDA followed by histopathological studies. The results thus obtained showed significant improvement in these parameters and also in the cytoarchitecture of rat liver. Thus concluding that the methanolic extract of Barleria cuspidata possess hepatoprotective activity.

Evaluation of Methanolic Extract of Clitoria ternatea Hepatoprotective & Nephroprotective Activity in Rats

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the nephroprotective & hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea in Cisplatin & CCl4 induced in rats
 Methods: Methanolic extract of aerial part of Clitoria ternatea plant was studied for its Nephroprotective & Hepatoprotective activity in animal experiment models. Nephrotoxicity was induced by Cystone 16 mg/kg b.w . Standard drug was taken Silymarin .Test drug were given methanolic extract Clitoria ternatea 500 mg/kg , 1000 mg/kg . Hepatoxicity was induced by CCl4 .Standard drug was taken cisplatin 100 mg/kg . Test drugs were given extract of Clitoria ternatea 500 mg/kg & 1000 mg/kg as per b.w
 Results : In Hepatoprotective activity positive control group was provided with CCl4 and increased SGPT , SGOT , ALP level compare to negative control group whereas Test(2) group was provided with methanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea 1000 mg/kg decreased SGPT , SGOT , ALP level compare to standard group. In nephroprotective activity positive control group was provided with CCl4 increased Urea and creatinine level where as Test(2) group are provided with methanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea 1000 mg/kg decreased urea and creatinine level
 Conclusion: On evaluating biochemical parameters it was found that methanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea 1000 mg/kg showed hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activity in rats. 
 Keywords: SGPT, SGOT, ALP, Nephroprotective, Hepatoprotective

A Research Article Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Carthamus tinctorius Leaves

Hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of leaves of Carthmus tinctorius L. (MECT) was investigated against hepatotoxicity produced by administering a combination of two anti-tubercular drugs Isoniazid and Rifampicin for 24 days by Oral route in rats. MECT were administered at two graded dose i.e. 200 and 300 mg/kg p.o. 45 min after to anti-tubercular challenge for 24 days. MECT was evident in the all doses as there was a significant decrease in AST, ALT, ALP, and Total Bilirubin levels. MECT significantly decreased the level of these biochemical parameter as compared to control. HPTLC analysis showed the presence of B-sitosterol and Lupeol in MECT. Results showed that Carthamus tinctorius possess significant Hepatoprotective activity which might be due to flavonoids.
 Keywords: Carthamus tinctorius leaves1, hepatoprotective2, Rifampicin3, Isoniazide4, SGPT5.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Amomum Subulatum (Roxb.) Seeds against ParacetamolInduced Liver Damage in Rats

Hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Amomum subulatum seeds (MEAS) was evaluated against paracetamol (3 g/kg, p.o. for 3 days) induced liver damage in rats. The degree of protection was measured using serum biomarkers like Alanine and Aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total and direct bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transferase and total protein; oxidative stress parameters such as malondialdehyde, glutathione, super oxide dismutase and catalase along with histopathology. Significant higher levels of above serum biomarkers, whereas lower level of total protein in paracetamol control as compared to normal control was observed. Treatments with MEAS and silymarin caused significant reversal in above biomarkers which was altered by paracetamol. Similarly, significant increase in MDA while decrease in GSH level, SOD and CAT activities in paracetamol control as compared to normal control. Treatment with MEAS and silymarin brings these stress parameters changes significantly towards normal level as compared to paracetamol control. Histopathological changes were in the same direction supports finding of above biomarkers and stress parameters. These results suggest that MEAS may have potential therapeutic value to reduce the severity of paracetamol induced liver damage, probably by its antioxidative effect on liver by eliminating the deleterious effects of toxic metabolites of paracetamol.

Aktivitas Hepatoprotektif Ekstrak Metanol Buah Lakum (Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin) Terhadap Diameter Vena Sentralis, Lebar Sinusoid dan Berat Hepar Tikus Putih (Rattus novergicus L.) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol

Secondary metabolites of lakum (Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin) fruit have been evaluated in previous researches. The fruit contains flavonoids, terpenoids and phenols which have antioxidant properties. The aim of this research was to determine the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of lakum fruit in Wistar rats’ liver induced by high doses of paracetamol. Ripe lakum fruits were macerated with methanol as the solvent. Thirty-five male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus L.) were used in this research and devided into 7 groups (normal, negative, positive, solvent, 115 mg kg-1, 230 mg kg-1, and 345 mg kg-1 of lakum fruit methanolic extract). Results showed that the effect of 230 mg kg-1 of lakum fruit methanolic extract (central vein diameter: 40,20 ± 6,97 µm; sinusoid wide: 5,60 ± 0,94 µm; and liver weight: 6,33 ± 0,98 g) were similar to the effect of silymarin (central vein diameter: 42,99 ± 6,60 µm; sinusoid wide: 4,49 ± 0,44 µm; and liver weight: 6,58 ± 0,88 g) as the standard drug.

Hepatoprotective Potential of Elsholtzia densa Against Acute and Chronic Models of Liver Damage in Wistar Rats.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Elsholtzia densa against experimentally induced acute (CCl4) and chronic (paracetamol) liver injury in albino wistar rats. Activity was measured by monitoring the serum levels of ALT, ALP AST and LDH, total protein levels, bilirubin and albumin. The results of the CCl4 and paracetamol-induced liver toxicity experiments showed that the rats treated with the methanolic extract of Elsholtzia densa exhibited a significant decrease in biochemical parameters as well as the proteins, which were all elevated in the CCl4 and paracetamol group. The extract at a concentration of 300 mg/kg body wt. showed a significant decline (P≤0.05) in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP and LDH to 69.50±2.23IU/L, 60.01±2.25IU/L,46.20±2.24 IU/L and 150.21±5.68IU/L in CCl4 injected animals and 51.12±2.20 IU/L,49.15±3.25 IU/L, 44.12±2.56 IU/L and 125.15±4.45 IU/L in paracetamol-treated animals when compared to the control group. The activities of tissue antioxidants GSH, GPx, GR, GST and CAT was significantly (P≤0.05) restored in dose dependent manner in animals treated with extracts as with acute and chronic hepatotoxic models. The current study confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of methanolic extract of Elsholtzia densa against the model hepatotoxicant CCl4 and paracetamol.

An Investigation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanolic extract of Ziziphus jujuba on Experimentally Induced Ethanol Hepatotoxicity in Rats

An Investigation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanolic extract of Ziziphus jujuba on Experimentally Induced Ethanol Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Immunological, Cytogenetic and Hepatoprotective Effect of Viola odorata Methanolic Extract on Methotrexate Induced Albino Male Mice

Pants used in traditional medicine contain a vast array of substances that can be used to treat chronic and infectious diseases. One of these medical plant Viola odorata which a popularly known as “Banafshah” and sweet violet in Asia and Europe respectively. It is found in high altitudes of Himalyas, Europe and throughout North America. The study was designed to assess immunological (total and differential count of white blood cells), cytogenetic (micronucleus formation) and hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Viola odorata by using two doses 100 and 200mg/kg. In addition, these effects were assessed after an interaction between the two doses of the plant and methtrexte drug. Results:The results of this study indicated that Viola odorata had the ability to enhance immunity and reduced the frequency of micronucleus formation in bone marrow cells in addition to its hepatoprotective activity. Alternatively, the plant was able to counteract the damage induced by methotrexate 40 mg\kg.

Hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of young shoots of Bambusa arundinaceae in thioacetamide induced liver injury in rat

Background: Whole plant of Bambusa arundinaceae (Bamboo) belonging to family (Graminae) is used in number of disease including liver ailments in various parts of India. The present study is done to evaluate antioxidant and Hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of young shoots of Bambusa arundinaceae in Thioacetamide induced liver injury in rats. Material and method: Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract was evaluated by DPPH, Ferric reducing power assay and Lipid peroxidation. In vitro hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extracts (25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 µg/ml) against thioacetamide (100mM) induced cytotoxicity was assessed by monitoring cell viability in HepG2 and Hep3b tumor cell line and also in primary hepatocytes. In vivo hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract (50, 100, 200 mg/kg p.o.) was observed againt thioacetamide (100 mg/kg s.c.) induced liver injury in rat by measuring biochemical parameters viz, Aspartate Transaminase, Alanine Transaminase, Alkaline Phosphatase, Total and Direct Bilirubin. The histopathological studies were also performed. Results: Methanolic extract of young shoots showed good antioxidant activity. Thioacetamide caused significant reduction in cell viability in in vitro studies. Treatment with methanolic extract caused significant increase in cell viability. In vivo studies showed that Thioacetamide induced elevation of biochemical parameters in rats were significantly (p<0.0001) decreased with methanolic extract treatment in rats. Histopathology studies also supported the protective effect of methanolic extract. Conclusion: The current study reveals that the methanolic extract of Bambusa arundinaceae has hepatoprotective activity which may be due to its antioxidant activity.

An Investigation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanolic Extract of Ipomoea reniformis on Experimentally Induced Ethanol Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Objective: The present study evaluated the hepatoprotective activity of Methanolic Extract of Ipomoea reniformis (MEIR) in experimentally-induced hepatotoxic rats. Methods: Hepatoprotective activity of MEIR was studied against ethanol (4 g/kg p.o.)-induced hepatotoxicity rats. Silymarin (100 mg/kg p.o.) was used as a standard reference. The following parameters were evaluated; serum biomarkers such as Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), total and direct bilirubin, Total Protein (TP) and tissue antioxidant levels such as Glutathione (GSH) and Lipid Peroxidation (LPO). Results and conclusion: The control group did not exhibit increase in serum parameters, but ethanol toxicant group showed significant increase in serum parameters such as SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin (total and direct), and LPO, whereas GSH and TP levels were markedly reduced. Silymarin, MEIR low dose (200 mg/kg p.o.) and high dose (400 mg/kg p.o.) treated groups showed significant decrease in SGOT, SGPT, total and direct bilirubin, TB, LPO and increase in GSH and TP levels. Based on the study findings in serum marker enzyme levels and antioxidant parameters, it is concluded that MEIR possesses hepatoprotective activity.

Hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Terminalia coriacea leaves

The present study was aimed to investigate hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of the leaves of Terminalia coriacea. Group I served as vehicle control, Group II served CCL4 (2ml/kg, S.C.), Group III served as standard Silymarin (50 mg/kg, p.o.) Group IV and V served as methanolic extracts of Terminalia coriacea (METC) at the dose level (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.). The degree of protection was determined by measuring level biochemical marker like alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin, total bilirubin and Cholesterol. The histopathology study also showed the hepatic protection of extracts. The marker biochemical level such as ALT, AST, ALP, Direct bilirubin, Total bilirubin and Cholesterol were significantly raised in CCL4 treated rats when compared with the normal group (p<0.05), but the METC (500 mg/kg, bw) treated rats exhibited maximum depletion. The histopathology study also showed the hepatic protection of extracts. The results of in vivo hepatoprotective activity showed that the methanol extract of Terminalia coriacea exhibit significant hepatoprotective activity.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanolic Extract of Whole Plant of Pulicaria Wightiana L. against Carbon Tetrachloride and Paracetamol -Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanolic Extract of Whole Plant of Pulicaria Wightiana L. against Carbon Tetrachloride and Paracetamol -Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Preliminary phytochemical screening and hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of &lt;em&gt;Artocarpus hirsutus&lt;/em&gt; leaves.

&lt;p&gt;The objective of the present work was investigating the preliminary phytochemical screening and hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of the leaves of &lt;em&gt;Artocarpus hirsutus&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Group I served as vehicle control, Group II served CCL&lt;sub&gt;4 &lt;/sub&gt;(2ml/kg, s.c.), Group III served as standard Silymarin (50 mg/kg, p.o.) Group IV and V served as methanolic extracts of &lt;em&gt;Artocarpus hirsutus&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;(MEAH) at the dose level (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.). The degree of protection was determined by measuring level biochemical marker like alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin, total bilirubin and Cholesterol. The histopathology study also showed the hepatic protection of extracts. The preliminary phytochemical screening was performed to find out the phytoconstituents responsible for the activity.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The marker biochemical level such as ALT, AST, ALP, Direct bilirubin, Total bilirubin and Cholesterol were significantly raised in CCL&lt;sub&gt;4 &lt;/sub&gt;treated rats when compared with the normal group (p&amp;lt;0.05), but the MEAH (500 mg/kg, bw) treated rats exhibited maximum depletion. The histopathology study also showed the hepatic protection of extracts. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, Tannins, triterpenoids, carbohydrates and steroids.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results of &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; hepatoprotective activity showed that the methanol extract of &lt;em&gt;Artocarpus hirsutus&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;exhibit significant hepatoprotective activity. This might be due to flavonoids and tannins; which was confirmed their presence in phytochemical tests. &lt;/p&gt;

Protective Effect of &lt;i&gt;Alpina nigra&lt;/i&gt; Leaves Extract in Mouse Liver Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride

The present study was aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatic damage in rats. CCl4 caused liver damage in rats manifested by significant rise in serum enzyme levels. To examine the effect of the extract male albino rats were used and extract was administered orally at a dose of 300 mg/kg once daily. The results obtained showed that there were reductions in the activities of serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP, total protein, total bilirubin from 97.67±1.78, 275.67±2.86, 934 ± 1.41, 1.13±0.227 and 7.50±0.707 in animals treated with toxic doses of CCl4 to 78.33±1.08, 53±1.41, 870±0.707, 0.67±0.04 and 6.47±0.356 in animal treated with extract before CCl4 intoxication. The extract could also repair the abnormal lipid profile. From these results, it is concluded that methanol extract of Alpina nigra leaves has hepatoprotective activity in CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats.