Henoch-Schonlein Purpura In Children Research Articles

Alteration of gut microbiota in Henoch-Schönlein purpura children with gastrointestinal involvement.

The compositional and structural changes of gut microbiota were closely related to the status of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). To investigate if clinical indicators and gut microbiota differ between HSP patients with or without gastrointestinal (GI) involvement and to explore the alterations of fecal microbiota in HSP children with and without GI symptoms. A total of 22 children with HSP were enrolled in the study. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Clinical indicators, fecal microbial diversity, and compositions were compared between the two groups. Respectively, 9 patients with GI involvement (HSP-A) and 13 patients without GI involvement (HSP-N) were enrolled. Prealbumin (PA) and the ratio of immunoglobulin A (IgA) / complement (C)3 were significantly decreased in the HSP-A group and an elevated D-dimer was found in the HSP-N group. The relative abundances of Blautia, Lachnospira, and Haemophilus were significantly higher in the HSP-A group compared to HSP-N. Lower levels of unidentified Prevotellaceae, Parabacteroides, and Romboutsia were found in HSP-A patients. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) showed that the biomarkers for the HSP-A group included Blautia, Anaerostipes, Veillonella, Lachnospira, and Haemophilus. For the HSP-N group, unidentified Prevotellaceae, Intestinibacter, Romboutsia, and Akkermansia were the prominent biomarkers at the genus level. Additionally, the ratio of IgA/C3 exhibited a negative correlation with the genus Blautia. Meanwhile, PA showed negatively correlation with Veillonella. These results provide a broader understanding for future microbial-based therapies to decrease the development of GI involvement and improve the clinical outcome of HSP in children.

Analysis of the influencing factors of abdominal Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children with gastrointestinal bleeding and the clinical value of PLR.

To identify the influencing factors of gastrointestinal bleeding in children with abdominal-type Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) and to assess the diagnostic value of PLR (platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio). We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 112 children with abdominal HSP admitted to Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital from April 2021 to May 2023. Among them, 62 cases with gastrointestinal bleeding constituted the bleeding group, while the other 50 cases without gastrointestinal bleeding comprised the non-bleeding group. We compared PLR and related routine blood indicators between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding. HSP children with gastrointestinal bleeding were further categorized based on treatment efficacy, and the predictive value of PLR for treatment efficacy was analyzed. The observation group exhibited significantly higher levels of WBC, NEU, PLT, MPV, C-reactive protein, and PLR, along with lower lymphocyte levels compared to the control group (all P < 0.05). Univariate analysis revealed associations between symptom onset, abdominal pain, vomiting, levels of WBC, NEU, LYM, PLT, PLR, C-reactive protein and gastrointestinal bleeding (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis identified onset with abdominal pain, high WBC values, and elevated PLR ratios as risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding. The ROC curve demonstrated an AUC of 0.914 for PLR in predicting gastrointestinal bleeding. Additionally, PLR was significantly lower in the good efficacy group compared to the poor efficacy group. The AUC of PLR in predicting treatment efficacy was 0.804, indicating high predictive value. Elevated PLR may serve as a potential risk factor for gastrointestinal bleeding in children with abdominal-type allergic purpura. Monitoring changes in PLR could aid in diagnosis and improvements in treatment for this condition.

Incidence and risk factors of nephritis in childhood Henoch-Schonlein purpura

Background Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) is the most common systemic vasculitis disease in children. It is characterized by involvement of the skin, joints, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney. Kidney manifestations may progress to severe nephritis, even lead to end-stage kidney disease.&#x0D; Objective To identify the incidence and risk factors of nephritis in childhood HSP.&#x0D; Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed to evaluate clinical, demographic, laboratory, and therapeutic parameters of HSP patients aged 0-18 years between 2011-2019 at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Diagnoses of HSP were made according to the 2008 EULAR/PRES/PRINTO criteria. Wefollowed subjects’ medical records for at least 3 months after disease onset to observe incidence and risk factors of Henoch-Schönlein nephritis (HSN).Results There were 112 HSP patients (aged 2-17 years) included in this study. HSN was found in 40 out of 112 patients (35.7%). Nephritis developed within the first 4 weeks for a majority of cases. Multivariate analysis showed that persistent purpura (OR 3.306; 95%CI 1.315 to 8.315; P=0.011) and acute phase leukocytosis(OR 2.585; 95%CI 1.047 to 6.385; P=0.039) were significantly associated risk factors for HSN. We found that corticosteroid use did not reduce the risk of HSN. The accumulation of several risk factors was associated with the likelihood of developing HSN.&#x0D; Conclusion Persistent purpura and acute phase leukocytosis are independent risk factors for HSN. Therefore, blood tests are needed to estimate the risk of HSN. Early corticosteroid therapy do not reduce the risk of kidney impairment.

Serum total bile acid levels assist in the prediction of acute intussusception with abdominal type Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children.

The severe acute abdomen associated with Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is an acute intussusception (AI). There is no reliable specific marker for AI with abdominal-type HSP. The serum total bile acid (TBA) level is a new prognostic marker associated with the severity of intestinal inflammation. The purpose of this study was to identify the prognostic value of serum TBA levels for the diagnosis of AI in children with abdominal-type HSP. A retrospective study of 708 patients with abdominal-type HSP was conducted, with demographic data, clinical symptoms, hepatic function index, immune function markers, and clinical outcomes assessed. Patients were divided into two groups: HSP (613 patients) and HSP with AI (95 patients). The data were analysed using SPSS 22.0. Of the 708 patients, the serum TBA levels were higher in the HSP with AI group than in the HSP group (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that vomiting (OR = 396.492, 95% CI = 14.93-10,529.67, P < 0.001), haematochezia (OR = 87.436, 95% CI = 5.944-1,286.214, P = 0.001), TBA (OR = 16.287, 95% CI = 4.83-54.922, P < 0.001), and D-dimer (OR = 5.987, 95% CI = 1.892-15.834, P = 0.003) were independent risk factors for abdominal-type HSP with AI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off serum TBA value (sensitivity = 91.58%, specificity = 84.67%, AUC = 93.6524%) was >3 μmol/L for predicting AI in children with abdominal-type HSP. In this group of HSP patients with AI, a serum TBA level ≥6.98 μmol/L was significantly associated with an increased incidence of operative treatment (51.85% vs. 75.61%, P = 0.0181), intestinal necrosis (9.26% vs. 29.27%, P = 0.0117), and length of hospital stay [15.76 ± 5.31 vs. 10.98 ± 2.83 (days), P < 0.0001]. In children with HSP and AI, the serum TBA level was significantly higher. A novel but promising haematological indicator, the serum TBA level, helps identify HSP with and without AI and predicts intestinal necrosis in HSP with AI.

Effect of MEFV variants on the presentation and clinical course of Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children?

Objective: We aimed to evaluate MEFV mutation frequency and the effects of MEFV mutations on the clinical course including renal involvement in children with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP).&#x0D; Methods: Children with a diagnosis of HSP who were evaluated for the presence of MEFV mutations were enrolled in this study. Patients were primarily assigned into two groups based on the presence of MEFV mutations as Group 1 including patients without mutations and Group 2 including patients with mutations in at least one allele (heterozygous, homozygous, or compound heterozygous). We also investigated specifically the effects of M694V mutation on the course of HSP by comparing patients with M694V mutation in at least one allele with patients not carrying M694V mutation.&#x0D; Results: Forty-seven patients (23 female) were enrolled. MEFV mutation rate (53%) was 3.5 times the rate in general population. M694V was the most common mutation (48%). Patients with MEFV mutations, especially those with M694V mutation, had lower incidence of preceding infection, but increased inflammatory markers, scalp edema and relapse rate. Renal involvement and long-term prognosis were not affected by the presence of MEFV mutations.&#x0D; Conclusions: MEFV mutations cause susceptibility to develop HSP and are associated with increased inflammation and altered clinical course. However, renal involvement and long-term prognosis were not affected by the presence of MEFV mutations.

The pathophysiologic significance of lymphocyte subset determination in children with infectious mononucleosis, mycoplasma pneumonia and Henoch–Schönlein purpura

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore lymphocyte subset determinations as an aid to understanding the pathophysiology of infectious mononucleosis (IM), pneumonia due to mycoplasma infection (P-MI) and Henoch–Schönlein purpura in children.MethodsThe peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets of 45 children with IM, 20 children with P-MI, and 31 children with Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP), who were treated in the pediatrics department of our hospital from April 2019 to February 2020, were determined by flow cytometry, and the number and percentage of lymphocyte subsets with CD3+, CD3 + CD4+, CD3 + CD8+, CD3 + CD4+/CD3 + CD8+, CD3–CD16 + CD56+, and CD3–CD19 + cells were observed, and the results were compared and analyzed.Results(1) The percentages of CD3+, CD3 + CD8 + lymphocyte subsets in children in IM group were significantly higher than those in children with P-MI and HSP, and the percentages of CD3-CD19 + lymphocyte subsets in children in IM group were significantly lower than those in children with P-MI and HSP. The percentages of CD3 + CD4 + lymphocyte subsets in children in the three groups were the lowest in children with IM, and the highest in children with P-MI.The differences in the percentages of CD3+, CD3 + CD4+, CD + CD8+, and CD3-CD19 + lymphocyte subsets among the IM, P-MI, and HSP groups were statistically significant (P < 0.01). (2) The results of CD3 + CD4+/CD3 + CD8 + in the three groups were the lowest in children with IM and the highest in children with P-MI. There was a significant difference among the three groups (P < 0.01); The ages of the children with IM and P-MI were lower than that of the children with HSP (p < 0.01), while there was no difference in the ages of the children with IM and P-MI (p > 0.05). (3) The difference in the percentage of CD3–CD16 + CD56 + lymphocyte subsets among the three groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe determination of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets is of significance for understanding the pathophysiology of IM, mycoplasma pneumonia, and HSP in children.

Development and Validation of a Differential Diagnosis Model for Acute Appendicitis and Henoch-Schonlein Purpura in Children.

Objective: To study and develop a predictive model for the differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA) and Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) in children and to validate the model internally and externally. Methods: The complete data of AA and HSP cases were retrospectively analyzed and divided into internal and external verification groups. SPSS software was used for single-factor analysis and screening of independent variables, and R software was used for the development and verification of the diagnostic model. Lasso regression analysis was used to screen predictors and Lasso-logistic regression model was constructed, and K-fold cross-validation was used for the internal verification. In addition, nonfever patients were selected for model development and validation in the same way. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves were drawn, respectively, to evaluate the 2 models. Results: Internal development and validation of the model showed that fever, neutrophil ratio (NEUT%), albumin (ALB), direct bilirubin (DBIL), C-reactive protein (CRP), and K were predictive factors for the diagnosis of HSP. The model was presented in the form of a nomogram, and the area under ROC curve of the development group and verification group was 0.9462 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.9402-0.9522) and 0.8931 (95% CI = 0.8724-0.9139), respectively. In the model of patients without fever, NEUT%, platelets (PLT), ALB, DBIL, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), CRP, and K were predictive factors for the diagnosis of HSP, and the area under ROC curve of the development group and verification group was 0.9186 (95% CI = 0.908-0.9293) and 0.8591 (95% CI = 0.8284-0.8897), respectively. Conclusion: In this study, 2 diagnostic models were constructed for fever or not, both of which had good discrimination and calibration, and were helpful to distinguish AA and HSP in children.

Effect of Predictive Nursing Intervention on Clinical Efficacy of Henoch Schonlein Purpura in Children

Effect of Predictive Nursing Intervention on Clinical Efficacy of Henoch Schonlein Purpura in Children

Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Henoch–Schönlein Purpura Associated with Streptococcal Infection in 217 Children in Hubei Province, China

Objectives The objectives of present study were to analyze the association of the streptococcal infection with childhood Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) in China. Methods: We performed a case-control study over a period of five years to evaluate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of group A β-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) triggered HSP. Results: 1. The frequency of GABHS-triggered HSP was 15.1%, while that of GABHS infection developing HSP in children was 4.7%. 2.The epidemiological characteristics of HSP with streptococcal infection were similar to those of HSP alone. 3. The GABHS-triggered HSP cases had a significantly higher frequency of renal involvement than the noninfectious group. 4. IgA and IgG were significantly increased in the streptococcal infection group than in the noninfectious group, while the levels of C3 and C4 decreased significantly. Conclusions: GABHS infection is the most frequent agent in HSP children, and may aggravate the immune dysfunction and prolong the course of HSP.

Terminal Ileitis: A Rare Complication of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura in Children

Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) is characterized by nonthrombocytopenic palpable purpura, arthritis or arthral­gia, and gastrointestinal and/or renal involvement. Gastrointestinal symptoms are reported in 50%-75% and they are related to a previous group A streptococcal infection in 40%. A healthy 5-year-old girl presented with a three-week history of a recurrent purpuric rash on the lower limbs, ar­thralgia and angioedema, without renal involvement. During the third relapse, she had severe, diffuse and persistent abdominal pain and bloody stools. An abdominal ultrasound revealed transmural edema of the last ileal segment, compatible with ileitis. She received prednisolone for five days, with full clinical recovery. Antistreptolysin O titer was elevated. The remaining laboratory tests were normal (antinuclear, anti-neutrophil and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies; rheumatoid factor; stool cultures, parasitological examination and viral antigen tests). One month later, an abdominal ultrasound revealed no abnormalities. Terminal ileitis is a very rare complication of HSP in children but has a good prognosis.

A randomized controlled trial on the effect of dietary guidance on the treatment of Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children

The amino acid-based formulae were extensively added to diet of children for the treatment of Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP), and the nutrition and growth situation of children were evaluated after giving...

Effect of animal protein diet on the prognosis of children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

To study the association of animal protein diet with the recurrence of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP)/skin rash and the risk factors for recurrence of HSP. A prospective analysis was performed for 121 children with HSP who were admitted to the Beijing Children's Hospital from October to December 2020. The children were given the doctor's advice of the same diet (animal protein diet could be added after 1 week without new-onset skin rash). Follow-up was performed at the outpatient service for half a year. According to the presence or absence of animal protein intake, the children were divided into an observation group with 65 children and a control group with 56 children. The times of skin rash recurrence, the incidence of HSP recurrence, and the incidence of kidney injury were compared between the two groups. According to the presence or absence of recurrence, the children were divided into a recurrence group with 32 children and a non-recurrence group with 89 children. A questionnaire on food frequency was used to record the daily intake of animal protein in the two groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for recurrence of HSP in children. There was no significant difference between the observation and control groups in the times of skin rash recurrence, the incidence rate of HSP recurrence, and the incidence rate of kidney injury (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the daily intake of animal protein between the recurrence and non-recurrence groups (P>0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that presence of kidney injury at initial onset, respiratory infection after cure for the first time, and lack of exercise control after cure for the first time were independent risk factors for the recurrence of HSP in children (P<0.05). There is no significant association between animal protein diet and the recurrence of HSP or skin rash. Timely treatment of kidney injury, avoidance of infection after cure, and limitation of strenuous exercise may help to reduce the recurrence rate of HSP in children. Citation.

Efficacy Analysis of Glucocorticoids in the Treatment of Allergic Purpura in Tibetan Children

Background: Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP) is a common immune-related allergic disease in children. It is very important to understand the clinical features of this disease for doctors. Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of glucocorticoids in the treatment of HSP in Tibetan children at high altitude, and to analyze the possible causes of HSP in children at high altitude. The risk factors of the disease provide a reference for the treatment of HSP in children in high altitude areas. Methods: Selecting January 2015 to November 2020, 88 children diagnosed with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura in the outpatient and inpatient departments of the People’s Hospital of Bomi County, Tibet Autonomous Region were the subjects of the study. Its gender, age of onset, season of onset, predisposing factors, allergy history, first symptoms, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, etc., perform retrospective analysis. Results: Among 88 children with allergic purpura, 55 were boys, accounting for 62.5%, and 33 were girls, accounting for 37.5%. Men have more cases than women. All have clinical manifestations of purpura of the skin, among which 35 cases have obvious triggers, of which the above there were 26 cases of respiratory infections, 6 cases of dietary factors, and 3 cases of contact with allergic substances. Simple skin type: 18 cases, accounting for 20.45%; Abdominal type: 6 cases, accounting for 6.82%; 2 male cases, accounting for 33.33%; 4 female cases, accounting for 66.67%; Articular type: 8 cases, accounting for 33.33%; Renal type: 2 cases, accounting for 2.27%; 54 cases of mixed type, accounting for 61.36%. After glucocorticoids, the rashes disappeared, no any adverse reactions. Conclusion: Allergic purpura in children is more common in school-age children, and upper respiratory tract infection is the main predisposing factor. Skin purpura is the main clinical manifestation, often associated with lower extremity joint swelling and pain. There is no significant difference in the efficacy and course of the disease between intravenous and oral treatment. Therefore, clinicians should strictly grasp the indications of glucocorticoids to reduce the occurrence of complications.

Risk Factors Associated With Renal Involvement in Childhood Henoch-schonlein Purpura

Context: Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a significant cause of chronic renal disease in children. This review determines some risk factors associated with renal involvement in childhood HSP. Evidence Acquisition: Electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were searched using the following keywords: “children”, “Henoch-Schonlein”, “risk factor”, “renal involvement”, and “IgA vasculitis”. This review was designed to identify the relevant electronic studies published in the English language from December 1998 to August 2018. Results: This review revealed that clinically older age at presentation, persistent rash, atypical rash, rash on unusual location, and gastrointestinal bleeding were significant risk factors for renal involvement. In contrast, joint involvement was not associated with renal involvement. Among biochemical markers, high red blood cell distribution width is a risk marker of renal involvement in HSP. In contrast, peripheral blood immunoglobulin A, antinuclear antibody, anti-streptolysin O titer, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein were not associated with renal involvement. In several studies, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, or thrombocytopenia have been mentioned as predictors for renal involvement. Still, other studies showed the white blood cell count or platelet count are not risk factors. The effect of corticosteroids as a predictive factor of renal involvement in HSP is challenging and controversial. Furthermore, their impact was dose-dependent. Conclusions: Demographic factors, clinical features, and some abnormal laboratory findings are significant predictive factors for renal involvement in HSP.

Henoch-Schonlein purpura masquerading as vesiculobullous lesions in a child

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a systemic small vessel vasculitis occurring commonly in children presenting with palpable non-thrombocytopenic purpura, arthralgia and abdominal pain. Haemorrhagic bullous and ulcerative lesions are rare in HSP in children and can be a diagnostic challenge. We present a case of 6-year-old boy child who presented with bullous purpuric lesions in lower limbs, arthralgia and increased serum IgA. Histopathology of skin lesion revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis. However, the direct immunofluorescence was negative for IgA deposits.

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura in Children at Department of Pediatric, Bach Mai Hospital

Objectives: To identify the percentage of parents having the correct knowledge of caring their children and evaluable quality of life in children with chronic kidney diseases. Subject and method: descriptive cross sectional study and evaluated the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 Generic Core Scales of 115 children with chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and their parents who treated at Department of Pediatric of Bach Mai hospital. Results: the parents’ correct knowledge about CKD was persistant and relapse (90,4% and 89,4%). The sourse of information parents’s from medical staffs was 48,2% and 23% from social networking. Over 50% of parents thought that knowledge getting from medical staffs was necessary. Beside that 33% of parents thought that information gettinh from social networking was harmful. Total quality of life score of children with CKD was 21,9 ± 14,9 point. Physical and learning field were more effective. However, total quality of life score of children with CKD whose parents got consulting of medical staffs was lower than wothout medical staffs’s consulting. The difference between total quality of life score of children with CKD and job of parents was not is not statistically significant. Conclusion: the supply more information will help parents understand their role in co-operation with medical staffs to help the children integrate into the normal society and enhance their quality of life.&#x0D; Keywords&#x0D; Knowledge,chronic kidney diseases.&#x0D; References&#x0D; [1] EULAR/PRINTO/PRES, Citeria for Henoch– Schönlein purpura, childhood polyarteritis nodosa, childhood Wegener granulomatosis and childhood Takayasu arteritis: Ankara 2008, Part II: Final classification criteria, AnnRheum Dis 69 (2010) 798–806.[2] Seza Ozen, Stephen D. Marks, Paul Brogan et al, European consensus-based recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of immunoglobulin A vasculitis-the SHARE initiative, Rheumatology, 58(9) (2019) 1607–1616.[3] L.J. Liu,J. Yu and Y.N. Li, Clinical characteristics of Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children, Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi. Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 17(10) (2015) 1079-1083.[4] Le Thi Minh Huong, Thuc Thanh Huyen, study about characteristics of clinical and paraclinical manifestations of HSP in children in National Pedicatrics of hospital, Journal of Practical Medicine 874(6) (2013) 91-94 (in Vietnamese).[5] Y.H. Lee, Y.B. Kim, J.W. Koo et al, Henoch-Schonlein Purpura in children hospitalized at a tertiary hospital during 2004-2015 in Korea: epidemiology and clinical management,Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology &amp; nutrition 19(3) (2016) 175-185.[6] I.M. Buscatti, B.B. Casella, N.E. Aikawa et al, Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis: initial risk factors and outcomes in a Latin American tertiary center. Clin Rheumatol 37(5) (2018) 1319-1324.[7] J.D. Delbet, J. Hogan, B. Aoun et al, Clinical outcomes in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis without crescents. Pediatr Nephrol 32(7) (2017) 1193-1199. &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Analysis of 135 Cases of Pediatric Henoch-Schönlein Purpura in Gansu, Northwestern China

Background: Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is the most widespread systemic small-vessel vasculitis of childhood. Limited information exists about the epidemiology, allergen and laboratory bio-markers reflecting HSP disease phases in Northwestern China. Objectives: To comprehensively evaluate the epidemiology, allergen and laboratory bio-markers reflecting HSP disease phases for the first time in this region. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 135 HSP patients and 86 controls aged ≤ 14 years admitted to the Children's Hospital of Gansu Province between January 2016 and December 2017. Epidemiological profiles, clinical characteristics and laboratory biomarkers of both inflammation and activated coagulation were analyzed for each HSP patients and controls. The monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated based upon the results of routine blood tests performed during hospital stay of the patients. Results: In total, 77 patients had arthritis, 46 had gastrointestinal involvement and 15 had renal involvement. The most common predisposing factors were upper and lower respiratory tract infections, allergies and seasonal variation. Frequency of renal involvement was significantly higher among patients older than 7 years but lower with a positive rate of allergens. The average levels of C-reactive protein, white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, platelets, D-dimer, fibrin degradation product (FDP), NLR and PLR among patients were significantly increased compared with the control group. Sensitivity and specificity were highest for neutrophil counts, while the area under the curve (AUC) for platelet count was highest. Patients with gastrointestinal involvement had significantly higher WBC, neutrophil count, D-dimer and FDP levels than those without. Sensitivity, specificity and AUC were highest for neutrophil counts. Increased D-dimer levels were significantly associated with gastrointestinal involvement and renal involvement. Conclusions: The first report of epidemiologic characteristics of HSP in children in this area enriches the HSP epidemiological data of China. Exposure to allergens should be reduced in patients aged approximately 7 years and renal involvement should be carefully monitored in patients aged > 7 years. WBC count, neutrophil, D-dimer and FDP levels are better than conventional infection markers. Particularly, D-dimer is an independent predictor on HSP patients with gastrointestinal involvement and renal involvement.

Association of the infectious triggers with childhood Henoch–Schonlein purpura in Anhui province, China

BackgroundAlthough the specific etiology of Henoch–Schonlein purpura (HSP) is still unknown, several kinds of infectious triggers have been proved to participate in its pathogenesis. The objectives of present study were to analyze the association of the infectious triggers with childhood HSP in Anhui province, China. Methods1200 HSP children were recruited from January 2015 to December 2017. Serum antistreptolysin O titer, TORCH, Epstein-Barr virus, helicobacter pylori (HP), Mycoplasma antibodies (MP-Ab), tubercle bacillus antibody (TB-Ab), respiratory pathogens (legionella pneumophila, chlamydia pneumoniae, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A virus, influenza B virus, rickettsia, parainfluenza virus) were determined. Patients’ histories were obtained by interviews and questionnaires. ResultsThe annual incidence of HSP was 8.13–9.17 per 100,000. HSP occurred more commonly in spring and winter than in summer with an obvious west-to-east gradient. On admission, several potential infections were identified in 611 cases (50.92%). The infectious agents including streptococcus, HP, MP, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, TB and toxoplasma gondii were identified in 205 cases (17.08%), 71 cases (5.92%), 58 cases (4.83%), 6 cases (0.5%), 1 case (0.08%), 1 case (0.08%) and 1 case (0.08%) respectively. 123 cases (10.25%) relapsed or recurred more than one time; the mean number was 2.92, and the mean interval was 11.4 weeks. The infection was the most frequent trigger regardless of clinical phenotypes and relapse/recurrence. Symptomatic treatment plus adjunctive anti-infectious agents could significantly improve the remission rate of purpura in the infectious cases (x2=24.60, p<0.01). ConclusionsStreptococcus is the most frequent infectious agent in HSP children regardless of clinical phenotype or relapse/recurrence. The complete elimination of infectious triggers may help relieve cutaneous purpura.

Therapeutic effect of vitamin D on Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children and its influence on immune mechanism

Therapeutic effect of vitamin D on Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children and its influence on immune mechanism

Association between anti-α-1,4-D-polygalacturonic acid antibodies and Henoch-Schönlein purpura in children.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between anti-α-1,4-D-polygalacturonic acid (PGA) antibodies, particularly immunoglobulin (Ig)A, and Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) in children.MethodsThis observational case–control study investigated PGA-IgA, PGA-IgG, and PGA/PGA-IgA circulating immune complex (PGA/PGA-IgA CIC) in paediatric patients with HSP versus controls. Children with HSP were also evaluated for food specific IgG and food intolerance. Between-group differences in anti-PGA antibodies were analysed.ResultsSerum PGA-IgA and PGA-IgG levels were significantly increased in patients with acute HSP (n = 251) versus those with urticaria (n = 48), acute respiratory infections (n = 95), surgical controls (n = 53) and neonates (n = 92). PGA/PGA-IgA CIC levels were also significantly higher in the acute HSP group versus surgical control and neonate groups. Levels of PGA/PGA-IgA CIC and PGA-IgA were significantly correlated (r = 0.997), and PGA-IgA showed high diagnostic specificity for HSP. No statistically significant differences were observed in PGA-IgA and PGA-IgG between various degrees of food intolerance in children with HSP.ConclusionIncreased anti-PGA antibodies, particularly PGA-IgA and PGA/PGA-IgA CIC, were significantly associated with acute HSP in children. Food intolerance was not found to be associated with increased anti-PGA antibodies in children with HSP.