Hematological Examination Research Articles

The Utility of Micro-R/Hypo-He Ratio Cut-off for Distinguishing Iron Deficiency Anemia and Minor Thalassemia

Thalassemia is a genetic disease with impaired synthesis of the globin chain that causes anemia. Thalassemia and Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) are both microcytic hypochromic anemia but have different proportions of hypochromic and microcytic erythrocytes due to differences in disease mechanisms. Research parameters of the hematology analyzer: %Micro-R, %Hypo-He, and MH ratio can be used as early screening for thalassemia and IDA. This study aimed to evaluate the cut-off of %Micro-R, %Hypo-He, and MH ratio to differentiate thalassemia from IDA. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 217 subjects. Subjects were divided into two groups, thalassemia and IDA based on hemoglobin electrophoresis, hematology examination, and Mentzer index. Differences and cut-off values of %Micro-R, %Hypo-He, and MH ratio between the two groups were analyzed. The number of collected data was 134, consisting of 89 thalassemia patients and 45 IDA patients. Thalassemia patients had a median %Micro-R value of 51.2 (4.3-79.0), %Hypo-He value of 7.2 (0.2-50.2), and MH ratio of 7.17 (1.10-64.50), higher than IDA patients (p=0.000; p=0.176; p=0.000). The optimal cut-off value for %Micro-R in discriminating thalassemia trait from IDA was >12.7, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.945, sensitivity of 92.1%, and specificity of 82.2%. The cut-off value for MH ratio > 3.27 with AUC 0.833, sensitivity of 85.4%, and specificity 77.8% showed lower performance of cut-off value compared to %Micro-R. The algorithm using %Micro-R and MH ratio was proposed for thalassemia trait screening. High %Micro-R and MH are suggestive of thalassemia trait than of IDA.

Lifetime minimally invasive assessment of iron in the pig liver

Microelements are an integral part of the mammalian body, and their content in organs and tissues is associated with other components of a complex biological system. Based on this, it is feasible to evaluate the concentration of specific chemical elements within the structures of the body in non-invasive or minimally invasive methods. The meat and by-products of farm animals serve as a readily assimilateable source of iron, which is one of the reasons for potentially defining the quality of agricultural products in conditions of widespread iron deficiency. Landrace pigs were raised in standard conditions at an industrial complex located in the Altai Territory in order to fatten up to a live weight of 100 kg. Venous blood was collected using the acute method from the jugular vein in accordance with the principles of asepsis and pre-analytical guidelines. The hematologic and biochemical examination of the blood and serum of animals was performed by apparatus. After slaughter, liver samples were collected, and the method of atomic emission spectral analysis using inductively coupled plasma on iCAP-PRO equipment (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used to estimate the iron level in them. To manipulate the data, Microsoft Office Excel software and RStudio data analysis environment version 2023.03.1 (RStudio, PBC) were employed. For regression analysis, the least squares approach was used. The model was fitted using a stepwise selection of predictors in both directions using the Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, and adjusted coefficient of determination. The linear regression assumptions were evaluated. The final regression model used for determining iron levels in pig liver contains mean hemoglobin content in erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and serum inorganic phosphorus as predictors. There is no evidence that there is multicollinearity between the predictors of the final model. The proposed model satisfies the requirements for a normal distribution of residuals, the absence of their correlation, and influential observations. The proposed multiple regression model has the capability to estimate iron levels in pig liver in vivo for various purposes.

Assessing the prevalence, risk factors, and socio-demographic predictors of malaria among pregnant women in the Bono East Region of Ghana: a multicentre hospital-based mixed-method cross-sectional study

BackgroundMalaria is one of the world’s most lethal vector-borne diseases, causing significant health burdens in endemic countries. Several studies on the prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in Ghana have been conducted in various parts of the country, yielding evidence pointing to intra- and inter-regional variations. The current study assessed the prevalence, risk factors, and sociodemographic predictors of malaria among pregnant women in the Bono East Region of Ghana.MethodsThis multicentre hospital-based study employed a mixed-method cross-sectional design. A multistage sampling technique was used to select seven health facilities and recruited 1452 pregnant women who attended ANC at seven selected health facilities. Haematological examination, a structured closed-ended questionnaire, in-depth interviews (IDIs), and focus group discussions (FGDs) were used to obtain relevant data. Quantitative data were analysed with STATA 14 (StataCorp, College Station, USA). Likewise, the four-step thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. A significant level was set at (p < 0.05) at a 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsThe ages of the pregnant women at enrolment ranged between 17 and 40 years, with a mean (SD) of 28.8 ± 3.73 (95% C.I: 28.63–29.02). The overall prevalence of malaria infection among pregnant women was 10.8% (95% CI: 9.32–12.56). Presence of farm or domestic animals, living close to drainage tunnels, living near overgrown vegetation, not married, not having formal education, living in extended-type households, living in compound-type households, mud and thatch households, mud and iron sheet households, primigravidae, multiparity, first-time pregnant women, second-time, third-time, fourth-time, and fifth-time ANC visits, blood groups A, B, and AB were independent factors or predictors significantly associated with increased risk of malaria.ConclusionThe current study revealed an approximately 10.8% prevalence of malaria among pregnant women. The prevalence revealed, was, however, higher than the national prevalence of 8.6%. The high prevalence of malaria, associated risk factors, and sociodemographic and maternal predictors highlight the need to strengthen screening for malaria, administer treatments, monitor maternal and foetal health, and provide education and counselling.

A CASE REPORT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS WITH EFFUSION IN A DOG AND ITS THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT

The present study was aimed to know the chronic hepatitis with abdominal effusion in a beagle dog and its therapeutic management. A 2.5 year old male beagle was presented to Madras Veterinary College teaching Hospital, madras veterinary college, Chennai with the history of inappetence, abdominal distension for past 10 days and the clinical signs of inappetence, fever and palpablelymph node and congested mucous membrane. On Physical examination, dog showed respiratory distress and dull. Dog was subjected for radiography examination, haematology, biochemistry parameters and ultrasound examination. On first day of examination, dog was treated with Lasix at the dose rate of 3 mg/kg body weight, antibiotics and Tribivet injection. Hematology and biochemical values revealed neutrophilia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and decreased total protein and albumin. The lateral view radiography of abdomen revealed fluid shadow and ultrasound examination revealed that chronic hepatitis with moderate abdominal effusion. In case of clinical suspicion of hepatitis an ultrasonographic liver scan can be of diagnostic aid and the finding of an altered structure can be indicative of a liver problem. In many cases of chronic hepatitis may not be associated with ultrasound abnormalities but ascites can be easily identified. Dog was treated with antibiotic cefotaxime at the dose rate of 25 mg/Kg body weight and Lasix at the dose rate of 3 mg/Kg body weight with liver supplement of Lysibin which contain silymarin and supplement with Astymin syrup for 3 weeks. The animal was reviewed after three weeks of treatment which was subjected for haeamtology, biochemistry and ultrasound examination which revealed there was improvement in the blood parameters with decreased total protein and normal level of Alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin level and ultrasound examination revealed normal study of abdominal effusion and liver echogenicity and dog had normal appetite and normal vital parameters. In this case hepatitis may be due to any viral etiology like adenovirus that may cause hepatitis with effusion that may be respond to treatment and diuretics and brought normal parameters of vital in dog. Chronic hepatitis with effusion may be further confirmed by Liver biopsy and molecular diagnosis.

Clinical Profile and Mycological Profile of Dermatophytosis: A Cross-sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern India

Abstract Background: This cross-sectional observational study aimed to analyze the clinical and mycological characteristics of dermatophytosis in patients visiting the outpatient clinic of the department of dermatology at a tertiary care hospital in Telangana. Methodology: The study was conducted from November 2017 to July 2019, involving patients clinically diagnosed with dermatophytosis. Data collection included detailed demographic and clinical information and laboratory investigations such as direct microscopy, fungal culture, and hematological examinations. Specimens were collected from skin lesions, nails, and hair, processed using appropriate methods, and subjected to culture and microscopic examination. Descriptive statistics was performed to present the findings. Results: A total of 100 participants were recruited, with a median age of 24 years. The majority were male (n = 75, 75%) and students (n = 47, 47%). Most participants (n = 71, 71%) presented with extensive tinea followed by tinea corporis and tinea capitis. Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most isolated variant (n = 42, 97.7%) among positive cultures. Conclusion: Young male populations are the most common victims in this region. The significant number of tinea cases and the high prevalence of T. mentagrophytes underscore the necessity for precise diagnosis and effective management strategies in treating dermatophytosis.

Alterations in intratumoral and peripheral immune status in recurrent gliomas and their prognostic implications for patients underwent reoperation

BackgroundReoperation is a treatment option for recurrent gliomas, yet factors impacting survival following reoperation remain poorly defined. Tumor immunity is profoundly associated with disease progression. Here, we analyze the immune status characteristics and their prognostic implications in recurrent gliomas. MethodsIntratumoral and peripheral immune characteristics between primary and recurrent gliomas were compared by conducting immunohistological staining and hematological examination with our in-house samples, and analyzing bulk and single-cell sequencing data from publicly available sources. Survival analysis was conducted to identify immunological markers with prognostic significance. ResultsWe observed a significant reduction in peripheral lymphocyte count, while an elevation in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio (RPR) in patients with recurrent gliomas than in newly-diagnosed patients. Higher NLR and RPR indicated worse survival following reoperation in recurrent patients. Transcriptomic and immunohistological analysis showed an increased infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and CD8+ T cell in recurrent gliomas compared to primary gliomas in both IDH-wildtype and mutant subtypes. Moreover, the abundance of TAMs emerged as an independent indicator for an inferior prognosis in recurrent gliomas. Single-cell profiling revealed a significant heterogeneity in the phenotypes of TAMs between primary and recurrent gliomas. Notably, TAMs enriched in recurrent gliomas exhibited elevated expression of interferon-γ-induced genes, multiple immunosuppressive molecules (TGFB1, CD276), and increased activity in glycose and lipid metabolism, indicating metabolic reprogramming. ConclusionRecurrent gliomas demonstrate augmented immune cell infiltration, but they fail to overcome TAMs-induced immunosuppression. Immunosuppressive indices, including TAM abundance, peripheral NLR and RPR, have prognostic implications for recurrent gliomas.

Current status of professional memory clinics, inpatient services, and health professionals in China.

This study aims to explore the current status of dementia-specific diagnosis and treatment in China. This national survey was conducted in mainland China from September 2022 to February 2023, with strong support from the Cognitive Disorders Group of the Chinese Society of Neurology, Chinese Medical Association. Among 2721 hospitals surveyed, 244 (8.97%) have dementia-specific clinics (DSCs) and 166 (6.10%) have dementia-specific inpatient departments (DSIDs). Almost all hospitals have brain structural imaging capabilities and basic hematological examinations, but dementia-specific medical staff (DSMS) equipped for DSCs or DSIDs are rare. The proportion of patients with cognitive impairment receiving care through a DSCs or DSIDs is low, and most patients present with advanced (moderate to severe) disease. The survey shows that the proportion of DSCs and DSIDs is low, and the regional distribution varies significantly. Trained DSMS and specialized facilities for the diagnosis and treatment of dementia are inadequate. This study was a multi-center national research to comprehensively investigate the distribution and features of dementia-specific clinics and inpatient departments in mainland China, given that the limited literature was available regarding the dementia-specific centers. The study points to significant regional differences in the distribution of cognitive-specific clinics and inpatient departments in mainland China. More centers in Eastern Regions compared to Western Regions, a greater presence in provincial capitals as opposed to other cities, and a predominance of tertiary hospitals over non-tertiary ones. The aim is to provide data support for advancements in medical research within this field. Domestic dementia patients have inadequate access to specialized medical resources and expert assistance, which significantly contrasts with the growing number of dementia cases in China.

A Case Report: Treatment of Anaplasmosis and Ectoparasitic Infestation in Mixed-Breed Golden Retriever Dog

Anaplasmosis is a disease in dogs caused by intracellular gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Anaplasmataceae family. A 6-month-old mixed-breed golden retriever was examined at the Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, with complaints of itching, tick infestation, weakness, and decreased appetite. The clinical examination revealed pale mucous membranes in the mouth and eye conjunctiva, as well as an infestation of Rhipicephalus ticks on the skin. Routine hematological examination indicated the presence of anemia and thrombocytopenia. Blood smear examination confirmed the presence of Anaplasma sp. Treatment was provided in a causative and supportive manner. Causative therapy involved the administration of doxycycline at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight orally for twenty-eight days, ivermectin at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg body weight injected subcutaneously every two weeks for four weeks. Supportive therapy included the daily administration of Fufang E'jiao Jiang ®(Dong E Ejiao Co, Ltd., Shandong, China) at 2 ml/day and Sangobion® (PT. Merck Tbk, Jakarta, Indonesia) at one tablet per day for fourteen days. Treatment with doxycycline, ivermectin, Fufang E'jiao Jiang® (Dong E Ejiao Co, Ltd., Shandong, China), and Sangobion® (PT. Merck Tbk, Jakarta, Indonesia) resulted in a positive outcome for the dog, with improved activity, hair growth, good appetite, and the absence of ticks.

Effects of probiotic Subalin on body weight gain in broiler chickens with spontaneous eimeriosis

The purpose of the research is to study the probiotic Subalin effects on body weight gain in broiler chickens with spontaneous eimeriosis.Materials and methods. On a poultry farm in the Moscow Region, the body weight gain dynamics was studied in 120 floormanaged broiler chickens aged 9 to 40 days spontaneously infected with eimeria after administration of different doses of the probiotic Subalin vs. control. The chickens selected for the experiment were divided into four similar groups of 30 birds each. Subalin was administered to the first group chickens at a dose of 1.5 mL per 1 L of drinking water, while the broilers of the second and third groups were administered Subalin at a dose of 2 and 2.5 mL per 1 L of water, respectively. Subalin doses were given to the chickens of groups 1–3 in three stages: on 11–12; 18–19 and 26–27 days of age for consecutive 48 hours. The broilers of group 4 did not receive the drug and served as a control. The chickens of all groups underwent clinical, hematological, and coprological examinations; they were kept in similar conditions on the floor, in isolation, and fed as per zootechnical standards. Control weighing of the chickens was done on days 10 and 40 of their growth.Results and discussion. The total weight gain of the group 1 chickens was 1985 g in the experiment; 2203 g and 2214 g in groups 2 and 3, respectively, and 1803 g in the control group. The productivity of the experimental chickens was 10.1; 22.2 and 22.8% higher vs. control. The Subalin optimal dose was 2 mL per 1 L of drinking water according to the above scheme. The tested doses of Subalin had positive effects on the number of enterobacteria in the chicken intestines. Blood tests showed no statistically significant changes in clinical or hematological parameters in the experimental and control chickens.

High-frequency irreversible electroporation ablation for the prostate in Beagle dogs.

Ablation procedures have garnered significant attention as a minimally invasive treatment of prostate diseases. However, the feasibility and safety of applying high-frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE) to ablate the Beagle prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) treatment have not been thoroughly explored, the appropriate range of parameters has not been determined. In order to ensure the feasibility and safety of prostate ablation surgery, we conducted a study using Beagle dogs as subjects to investigate prostate tissue. We utilized a composite steep pulse therapy device to perform ablations on 26 lateral lobes of the prostate in 13 Beagles, employing various parameters for different needle distances. The effectiveness of this device was assessed through the observation of the ablation area, intraoperative muscle tremors, postoperative hematological examination, and gross inspection. The findings of our study revealed that 1,000 to 2,000 v/cm in electric field strength, combined with 5 µs pulse width and pulse number 100, is a safe parameter range for ablation of prostate tissue. At the same time, the large electric field strength (2,000 v/cm) has the best ablation effect with the biggest continuous and thorough ablation area. All parameters of H-FIRE were safe for Beagles. H-FIRE ablation for prostate is safe and effective in dogs, which has the potential to be a useful addition to the range of minimally invasive treatments available for the treatment of BPH against this backdrop of increasing surgical practice.

Hematological parameters of COVID-19 patients at Jakarta Pondok Kopi Islamic Hospital

Background: The 2019 Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) has become a pandemic. As of 15 January 2021, 223 countries have been infected, with a total number of 92,262,621 confirmed cases, and 1,995,037 deaths. In Indonesia, as of the same date, there were 896,642 confirmed cases and 25,767 deaths.1 Diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results on oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swab samples.2 A basic hematological examination is also conducted on patients with suspected COVID-19. The results of baseline hematological examinations are thought to be a predictor of the patient being infected with COVID-19 before the RT-PCR results are released. The purpose of this study is to identify the hematological parameters of COVID-19 patients at Pondok Kopi Islamic Hospital in Jakarta (RSIJ PK) in order to provide an overview of the hematological parameters that can be used to predict the possibility of a patient being infected with COVID-19. Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional approach, using the database on COVID-19 patients at Pondok Kopi Islamic Hospital. Data variables were categorized and described by frequency and percentage. Statistical analysis was conducted using the likelihood ratio test and SPSS (statistical package for the social sciences) version 26. Results: The number of research respondents was 250, with 142 males (56.8%). The majority of participants were between the ages of 40 and 59, at 127 (50.8%). Most patients exhibited a moderate level of clinical severity, at 215 (86%). The three most common comorbidities were hypertension in 82 patients (32.8%), diabetes in 68 patients (27.2%), and chronic kidney disease in 27 patients (10.8%). The dominant hematological parameters were normal blood leukocytes in 157 patients (62.8%), increased Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) (&gt;3.13) in 148 patients (59.2%), low Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) (&lt;1500/µL) in 133 patients (53.2%), increased C-Reactive Proteins (CRP) (&gt;10 mg/L) in 171 patients (68.4%), and increased d-dimer (&gt;0.5 µg/mL) in 148 patients (59.2%). There was a significant correlation between age (p 0.028), comorbid hypertension (p 0.002), comorbid diabetes (p 0.011), leukocyte levels (p 0.045), and ALC levels (p 0.025), and the severity of the COVID-19 disease. Conclusions: The majority of COVID-19 patients had normal blood leukocyte levels, increased NLR, low ALC, and increased CRP and d-dimer.

THE IMPACT OF SCHISTOCYTE DETECTION ON MORTALITY AND ORGAN FAILURE IN PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS.

Purpose : This study aimed to investigate the presence of schistocytes in patients with sepsis and its association with mortality and organ failure. Methods : We conducted a retrospective observational study at Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Japan, from January 2015 to April 2021. This study included patients diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock. Schistocytes were identified through daily hematological examinations. Moreover, data on mortality rates and organ failure based on Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores were systematically collected and analyzed. Results : Schistocytes were detected in 41 of the 330 patients with sepsis. The presence of schistocytes was associated with significantly high 90-day and 1-year mortality rates (48.7% and 68.2%, respectively; P < 0.001). Patients with schistocytes exhibited higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores, particularly in the coagulation and renal components, indicating more severe organ failure than that observed in patients without schistocytes. These findings persisted even after adjusting for confounding factors, such as age, sex, and baseline comorbidities. Additionally, we observed that patients with schistocytes required frequent red blood cells, further highlighting the severity of their conditions. Conclusion : Schistocytes are significantly associated with increased long-term mortality and organ failure in patients with sepsis. Their detection may provide crucial insights into disease severity, guide targeted therapeutic strategies, and potentially improve the long-term outcomes of sepsis management.

New vaccination approach using formalin-killed Streptococcus pyogenes vaccine on the liver of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings

Newly synthesized vaccines prepared from formalin-killed bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes were investigated in the current study to evaluate the effectiveness of the newly synthesized vaccine as well as their safety by injected intraperitoneal. The study involved several steps 1st step is the preparation of the vaccine followed by the 2nd step: Evaluate the effectiveness and vaccine safety against pathogenic S. pyogenes through 4 different groups including control (Group I). Group II (Bacterial, infected group), Group III (Vaccine), and the Last group was the challenged group after the vaccination (Vacc + Bac). Different Immunological and biochemical parameters were measured in addition to hematological and histopathological examinations. For example, oxidative/antioxidants, inflammatory biomarkers, fragmentation and cell damage, and finally the histopathological study. The current study showed an increase in all oxidative, inflammatory, and cell damage (DNA fragmentation assays), additionally markedly elevation in histopathological cell damage in the infected group (Group II) compared with the control group. The vaccine and challenged after vaccination group (vaccine + Bacteria), showed great improvement in oxidative biomarkers (LPO) and an increase in antioxidants biomarkers (GSH, SOD, GST, DPPH, ABTS, GR and GPx), Also the inflammation and histopathological examination. The newly synthesized vaccine improved the resistance of Oreochromis niloticus and can be used as a preventive therapy agent for pathogenic bacteria S. pyogenes.

Haematobiochemical Alterations in Rabbit Mange

Mange in rabbits is an economically important parasitic disease which cause significant loss in productivity, body weight and fur quality. Forty eight rabbits with clinical signs of alopecia, anorexia, pruritis, skin erosions and dry crust like lesions on extremities, ears, nose and face were brought to Veterinary Clinical Complex, Rajendranagar and Hyderabad. Skin scrapings were collected, processed and examined under microscope to detect mite infestation. Different mites i.e. Sarcoptes scabiei, Psoroptes cuniculi, Notoedres cuniculi, Demodex cuniculi and Cheyletiella parasitivorax were noticed in rabbits. Haematological examination revealed a significant (p&lt;0.05) decrease in haemoglobin, PCV, RBC count and a significant (p&lt;0.05) increase in TLC count in affected rabbits. Serum analysis showed a significant (p&lt;0.05) increase in ALT and AST levels in infected rabbits. Treatment with ivermectin along with proper management resulted in recovery from mange in rabbits.

Innovative Hematology Analysis Using Menstrual Blood.

The main aim of this study was to compare and analyze hematological profiles using menstrual blood, as an alternative to peripheral blood. This study used menstrual and peripheral blood samples from women who were menstruating. The design of this research is analytical observational. Menstrual blood can show an overall hematological profile similar to peripheral blood. Data shows the detection of blood component parameters, white blood cells and reticulocytes in MB with a range within and outside normal blood. Data on MB that show higher values (WBC, MCH, MCHC, PLT, RDW-CV, PDW, MPV, P-LCR, PCT, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, reticulocytes, LFR, Ret-He) and lower values lower (RBC, HGB, HCT, MVC, RDW-SD, Eosinophils, IRF, MFR, HFR) when compared with peripheral blood controls. The hematological profiles of Menstrual and peripheral blood showed significant differences (p < 0.01) for several parameters, while several other parameters did not show significant differences (p > 0.05) according to the Wilcoxon test. All hematological profile parameters were detected in menstrual blood. The new concept that menstrual blood can be used as a supporting medium for hematological examinations opens up opportunities for developing independent hematological detection tools in productive women.

Role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in diagnosing neonatal sepsis.

Clinical manifestations of neonatal sepsis are often unspecified. Therefore, sepsis biomarkers could be used to support diagnosis while waiting for blood culture results, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of NLR and PLR as diagnostic markers in neonatal sepsis. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia, from April to October 2019. This study included neonates aged less than 28 days, diagnosed with suspected sepsis, and had no previous history of antibiotics administration. Patients underwent clinical assessment, laboratory examination, and blood culture. Patients were grouped into sepsis and non-sepsis based on the blood culture results. The median hematological examination and the range of NLR and PLR in both the sepsis and non-sepsis groups were subjected to analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test to assess differences. NLR and PLR optimal cut-off values were determined using a receiver operator curve (ROC) with a confidence interval of 95%. A total of 137 neonates were enrolled, of which 49 were classified as sepsis and 89 as non-sepsis based on blood culture results. The optimal cutoff values for NLR and PLR were 2.75 and 11.73. Using those cutoff values, NLR and PLR could predict neonatal sepsis with sensitivities of 52.1% and 47.9%, specificities of 50.6% and 47.2%, area under the curve (AUC) of 0.46 and 0.47, with p=0.525 and p=0.662, respectively. Further investigation is warranted to refine the NLR and PLR utility and enhance diagnostic accuracy in clinical practices.

BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON ADVERSE EFFECTS OF DIETARY WEIGHT LOSS SUPPLEMENT ON FEMALE RATS: ADIOS

Herbal and dietary supplements are commonly used throughout the world; these unlicensed supplements are not recommended due to concerns about their clinical efficacy and safety. Adios are marketed for weight loss in Iraq and many other countries and are commonly used by women. The safety of these weight loss aids is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate adios adverse effects by conducting biochemical, hematological, and histological examinations on the liver and kidney. Rats were orally administrated for 30 days with different concentrations of adios supplements (0.001g/100g), (0.002g/100g), and (0.003g/100g) as low (LD) medium (MD) and high (HD) concentrations, respectively. The results showed no weight loss in rats over 30 days across experiments in all the treated groups (LD, MD, and HD) compared to the control. Adios showed significant differences between the control and the treated concentrations in the following hematological parameters: white blood cells (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), lymphocyte (LYM), and red cell distribution width (RDW) in a dose-dependent pattern. Furthermore, there were various alteration in the histopathological examination of the kidney and liver. From the current data, it can be concluded that adios has zero efficacy in weight loss and is not recommended for use because it has adverse effects on many hematological and biochemical parameters and with obvious pathological changes in both the kidney and liver.

Oral health management in children with severe congenital neutropenia with periodontitis: Case report.

Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a rare and heterogeneous genetic disease. By describing the diagnosis and treatment of a child with SCN and periodontitis, this case provides a reference for the oral health management of a child with SCN and periodontitis. We describe a boy with clinical manifestations of oral bleeding, neutropenia, recurrent fever, and other recurrent infections. The absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was <0.50 × 109/L most of the time. Morphological examination of bone marrow cells showed active granulocyte hyperplasia and dysmaturation. According to the clinical manifestations, hematological examination and gene detection results, the child was diagnosed as SCN with chronic periodontitis. Periodontal treatment was performed after informed consent was obtained from the child guardian. These included supragingival and subgingival cleaning, hydrogen peroxide and saline irrigation, placement of iodoglycerin in the gingival sulcus, and oral hygiene instruction. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was performed later. One month after initial periodontal treatment, oral hygiene was well maintained and gingival swelling had subsided. Probing depth (PD) index on periodontal probing and bleeding was significantly reduced. However, there was no significant change in blood routine and other indicators before and after periodontal treatment. Once SCN is diagnosed, individualized treatment plans can be developed according to the characteristics of the disease and its impact on oral health, which can effectively control the interaction between SCN and periodontal disease and reduce the occurrence of serious infection.

The Correlation between Iron Level and Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric condition that, if not adequately treated, can affect functional limitations. The exact etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia remains unknown. Research suggests an interaction between many factors, including genetic susceptibility, environment and psychological processes. Specific authors describe the association of a valuable mineral in the human body, iron, with pathophysiological mechanisms and related etiological factors in the development of the severe mental illness of schizophrenia.Iron has important roles in the human body and affects various physiological processes. Some studies have shown a connection between the dysregulation of iron levels and the development of different mental disorders, including schizophrenia. Abnormal levels of iron in a specific region of the brain have been observed in people with schizophrenia. Iron levels may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia in combination with other genetic, environmental and dietary factors. Iron can also contribute to the better cognitive functioning of a patient with schizophrenia, and due to frequent malnutrition and undernourishment in this group of patients, it is crucial to take into account the need for routine hematological examinations and the determination of essential nutritional deficiencies.Finally, our goals were to systematically review the literature published in the last two decades using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar. We described the clinical aspects and etiological factors of schizophrenia. We determined whether schizophrenia can be associated with iron concentration disorders to recognize and identify potential patients with iron deficiency and treat them promptly in daily clinical practice.

Prophylactic Effect and Antiulcerogenic Potential of Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum E1K2R2 and its Exopolysaccharide Against Ibuprofen-Induced Acute Gastric Ulcer.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (Lpb. plantarum), as a safe probiotic microorganism, has been documented for its production of multiple bioactive compounds, such as exopolysaccharides (EPS), which have been used in the treatment of many gastrointestinal diseases, including gastric ulcers. The present study aims to investigate the prophylactic and antiulcerogenic effects of the potential probiotic Lbp. plantarum E1K2R2 and its EPS against ibuprofen-induced gastric ulcer. A gastric ulcer model was established by feeding fasted rats with ibuprofen at a single dose (200 mg/kg body weight). The Lpb. plantarum E1K2R2 (109 CFU), its EPS (200 mg/kg bw), and the anti-ulcer reference drug (omeprazole) (20 mg/kg bw) were separately used to feed rats for seven consecutive days before ibuprofen administration. The mechanisms were meticulously examined, focusing on the anti-secretory activity and mucus production as well as the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The findings revealed that the gastro-preventive effect of Lbp. plantarum E1K2R2 (88.43%) was higher than that of the EPS (66.26%) and close to that of omeprazole (89.87%). This effect was achieved through similar mechanisms, including regulation of the secretory activity, augmentation of mucus production, mitigation of inflammation, and enhancement of the gastric mucosa's antioxidant capacity. Moreover, it was found that Lbp. plantarum E1K2R2 and its EPS induce the activities of gastric antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and S-transferase (GST); enhance glutathione (GSH) content; and reduce mucosal nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Furthermore, histopathological and hematological examinations confirmed that both pre-treatments could effectively maintain the structural integrity of the gastric mucosa and improve some hematological parameters, respectively. This implies that Lpb. plantarum E1K2R2 and its EPS possess the potential to counteract ibuprofen-associated gastric ulcers, leveraging a variety of protective mechanisms.