Hematological Profile Of Children Research Articles

HAEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE AND MENTZER INDEX IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH ANEMIA

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze clinical and hematological profile of children with anemia and determine the Mentzer index of all cases presenting with anemia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in the Department of pediatrics of a tertiary care medical college. Eighty pediatric age group patients diagnosed to be having anemia on clinical examination were included in this study. Demographic details such as age and gender were noted in all cases. A through history was obtained and a clinical examination was done. Presenting complaints were also noted. Complete blood count with peripheral blood smear examination was done in all cases. The Mentzer index was determined from complete blood count reports. Results: Out of 80 studied cases, there were 57 (71.25%) boys and 23 (28.75%) girls. The mean age for boys was 9.12±3.14 years and for girls, it was slightly higher at 10.24±3.46 years. Fatigue (73.75%), pallor (71.25%), and anorexia (56.25%) were common complaints. About 55% had mild anemia 22.5% had moderate anemia and 22.5% suffered from severe. Mean hemoglobin concentration of studied cases was found to be 8.42±3.98 g/dL. The most prevalent blood picture was the normocytic normochromic blood picture, representing 60% of cases. Mentzer index ranged from a minimum of 10.83 to a maximum of 27.76, with the mean value being 17.40±2.92. Notably, the vast majority of patients (97.5%) had a Mentzer Index >13, suggesting a high prevalence of iron deficiency. Conversely, only 2.5% of the patients had a Mentzer Index at or below 13, indicating a much smaller subset in whom Hb electrophoresis was needed to rule out thalassemia trait. Conclusion: Although most of the children with anemia are secondary to iron deficiency Mentzer index should be determined in all patients of anemia so as to avoid inadvertently prescribing iron supplementation in cases of thalassemia trait.

Association between clinical, radiological, and hematological profile of children with pneumonia

Background: Patients with pneumonia present with varying symptoms, X-ray features and changes in the blood parameters. Objectives: To find out the association between clinical, radiological, and haematological profile of children with pneumonia. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 130 children aged two to 60 months admitted to the paediatric ward of Manipal Teaching Hospital, who were chosen by convenience sampling technique from December 2019 to November 2020, and clinical, radiological and haematological parameters compared. The observed data were analysed using SPSS 20. Results: . Of the 130 children studied, 80 (61.5%) were male and 50 (38.5%) were female. History of prior admission for respiratory illness was seen in 75 (57.7%) patients Bronchopneumonia was seen in 72 (55.4%) patients and lobar pneumonia in 37 (28.5%) patients. Cough 122 (93.8%), Noisy breathing 86 (66.15%), Fever 70 (53.84%) and Fast breathing 67 (51.54%) were the most common presenting complaints. Patients with lobar pneumonia were more likely to present with fever than those with Bronchopneumonia (p-value 0.015). Those with history of prior admission were more likely to present with wheeze (p-value 0.035) and crepitations (p-value 0.024) than those admitted for the first time. Also, those presenting with crepitations as lung finding, were found to present with significantly lower total White blood cells (WBC) counts (p-value 0.012). Conclusion: There seems to be a significant association between fever as presenting complaint and lobar pneumonia. Also, those with history of prior admission are more likely to have lung signs (wheeze/crepitations) at presentation.

Hematological profile of children under five years with typhoid fever at Idaman Banjarbaru Hospital, Indonesia

Introduction: Typhoid fever is a disease caused by Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, B, C. An estimated 200,000 people die each year from about 21.6 million people infected with typhoid fever. This study aims to determine the hematological profile in typhoid fever cases in children under five at Idaman Banjarbaru Hospital. Methods: The research was carried out with a retrospective descriptive approach with a consecutive sampling technique. The research subjects were children under five diagnosed with typhoid fever recorded in the Idaman Banjarbaru Hospital's medical records for July 2018 to January 2019. Results: The sample consisted of 58 patients, 32 boys, and 26 girls. Most patients were found in 12 - <36 months, namely 28 (48.28%) children. Thirty-eight (65.52%) children have a normal weight. The hematological profile showed that 46.55% of the patients had iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Hematocrit levels decreased in 51.72% of patients. Erythrocyte levels in 86.21% of patients were normal. Low MCV, low MCH, IDA were found in 46.55%, 36.21%, 46.55% of patients. Leukopenia was present in 17.24% of children. All patients had normal basophil values. Eosinopenia, band neutropenia, segmented neutropenia, lymphocytosis, monocytosis were found in 69.09%, 90.90%, 56.37%, 58.18%, 58.18% of children, respectively. Thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis were found in the same percentage, 13.80%. Conclusion: The haematological profile of typhoid fever patients in children under five can have different results depending on each child's body's response to S. typhi and S. paratyphi that enter the body.

Nutritional and hematological profile of children with severe acute malnutrition rehabilitated with or without vitamin B12

Background: Aim of the study was to study the effect of vitamin B12 supplementation in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM).Methods: A total of 100 children were enrolled in the study in two different time frames. Group A consisted of 50 children with SAM enrolled from November 2016 to May 2017 and managed as per existing national protocol for facility-based SAM management while group B consisted of 50 children enrolled from June 2017 to Dec 2017 who were tested for vitamin B12 deficiency on admission and supplemented with vitamin B12 in presence of vitamin B12 deficiency hematological and anthropometric parameters of both groups were compared at 12 weeks of rehabilitation. Results: At 12±1 weeks, 38% children from group A and 24% from group B were still anemic (p=0.13). No one from either group had folic acid deficiency while deficiency of vitamin B12 was present in 14% and 6% cases in group A and group B respectively (p>0.05). Mean weight gain at 12±1 weeks, in group A and non-supplemented sub-group of group B was comparable (p>0.59). However, mean weight gain in supplemented sub-group of group B was significantly higher compared to group A (p>0.05) and non-supplemented sub-group of group B (p<0.05).Conclusions: Significant number of SAM children remain anemic when treated with current guidelines. Additional vitamin B12 supplementation in vitamin B12 deficient group showed improvement in weight gain among SAM children.

CHILDRENONHEMODIALYSIS: A RETROSPECTIVESTUDYIN BENGHAZI PEDIATRIC HOSPITAL

End stage renal disease (ESRD) is a major health problem worldwide. In Libya, limited studies are available on children with ESRD.Regular assessment of laboratory parameters is the only way to reduce their risk of mortality.This study aimed to determinethe demographic characteristics and evaluate the hematological profile of children on hemodialysis (HD) admitted to the dialysis unit in Benghazi Pediatric hospital, Benghazi, Libya during the period 3rd of December, 2017 to 15th of January 2018.A structured form was used to record data collected from patients files. Data includedage, gender, body weight, treatment history, drug history, duration and frequency of HD and laboratory tests results, specifically white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (HB), blood urea, glucose, Albumin, uric acid, serum creatinine, serum iron, calcium, phosphate, sodium and potassium.Number of patients on HD includedin this study was seven with average age of 11years,the majority (71%)were males.Average body weight of female patients was24.2kg,while male patients averagebody weight was25.52kg. Most of the patients(57%)hadhigh BP.71%of patientsstarted dialysis sincemore than one year.Patients underwentdialysisthree times a week represented(86%),while the rest of patients underwent dialysis four times a weekrepresented(14%).All patients had anemia and highcreatininelevel.Providing an appropriate care for children on maintenance dialysis in Libya is quitedifficult. Increasing the awareness ofparents about ESRD is necessary to improve the life quality of children with ESRD.

Hematological profile of children with severe acute malnutrition: a tertiary care centre experience

Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is associated with various pathophysiological changes in the body including hematological system. This study was done to understand the hematological profile of severely malnourished children.Methods: This case control study was conducted in the Department of pediatrics, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur from January 2014 to December 2015. 200 children, aged 6 months- 5years admitted to our hospital with SAM were enrolled as cases. 200 children with normal nutritional status without haematological or infectious conditions attending routine clinic were selected as controls. The hematological parameters were analyzed using an automated blood Analyzer.Results: 95% of the children with SAM had anemia, out of which 52% were severely anemic and 28% were moderately anemic. Mean value for hemoglobin was lower in test group (7.17±2.265gm/dl) as compared to control group (9.22±3.362gm/dl). Children with SAM had statistically significant lower mean values for red cell indices like RBC counts, MCV, MCH and MCHC compared to controls. The mean value of WBC in SAM children was 12.1±11.5×103, while it was 6.2± 7.8×103 in controls. The cases had higher mean value for neutrophils and lower mean value for lymphocytes.Conclusions: Children with SAM had lower mean hemoglobin, hematocrit and red cell indices and higher mean value of total leukocyte and platelet counts. This study recommends that more frequent studies should be done to describe the trend of hematopoietic changes in children with SAM to enhance anticipatory care and outcome of the affected children.

A study of clinical and hematological profile of children with sickle cell disease in a tertiary care hospital, Valsad, India

Background: Sickle cell disease is commonly seen in rural population of south part of Gujarat in India. It is one of the common causes of recurrent hospitalization, morbidity and mortality in pediatric population. This study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the clinical profile of sickle cell disease in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This was the prospective observational study done from November 2015 to October 2016. All the hospitalized diagnosed case of sickle cell disease and trait in age group of 6 months to 14 years were taken in this study. Sickle cell disease with some genetic or metabolic disease and sickle-beta-thalassemia patients were not included in this study.Results: Total 61 patients were admitted over a one year of study period, out of which 47 were sickle cell disease and 14 sickle cell trait patients. Morbidity events were commonly observed in 5-12 years of age groups (68.85%). Seasonal variation also observed, 47.54% of total cases are seen in winter season. Pain (60.65%) was the most common presenting symptom. Severe pallor (39.34%) and splenomegaly (24.59%) was the most common sign in both groups. Vaso-occlusive crisis (59.01%) was the most common morbidity event observed, of which abdominal pain was the most common site of pain involvement. On laboratory analysis, there was statistically significant difference observed in disease and trait. In patients with sickle cell disease acute painful crisis (59.57%) was the common morbidity event observed while in sickle cell trait patients acute febrile illness (71.42%) observed.Conclusions: Vaso-occlusive crisis is the commonest manifestation in pediatric age group. Comprehensive medical care and management is required to decrease the morbidity and mortality.

Demographic, Clinical and Hematological Profile of Children with Bronchiolitis: A Comparative Study between Respiratory Synctial Virus [RSV] and [Non RSV] Groups.

Acute bronchiolitis is one of major disease affecting the lower airways in infants and children with Respiratory Syncitial Virus (RSV) being most common causative organism accounting for 50%-80% of bronchiolitis cases. To analyse the demographic characteristics, clinical features and haematological profile of children with Bronchiolitis. To compare the findings of demographic characteristics, clinical features and haematological profile between RSV and Non -RSV bronchiolitis. This is a prospective study, conducted in a teritiary care center for 1 year period from Jan 2015 to Dec 2015. The demographic characteristics, clinical features and haematological profile of children aged between 1 month to 3 years who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were noted in predesigned proforma, nasopharyngeal swab was sent for RSV analysis and then the findings of the parameters were compared between the two groups of RSV bronchiolitis and Non RSV bronchiolitis. Among 80 cases with 40 in each group, children below the age of 1year were affected more in RSV group, with male preponderance. Among the clinical features except that 89.7% of RSV cases had wheeze that was statistically significant with no difference in other features. Investigations showed no much difference in both the groups. Percentage of Non RSV subjects who received nebulisation with bronchodilators, steroid and antibiotic therapy were higher than RSV subjects. The hospital stay was significantly higher in RSV cases and none of the study participants met with mortality. Children with RSV bronchiolitis had prolonged hospital stay compared to Non RSV group. Need for nebulisation with bronchodilators, steroids and antibiotic therapy was more in Non RSV group.

Molecular analysis and association with clinical and laboratory manifestations in children with sickle cell anemia.

ObjectivesTo analyze the frequency of βS-globin haplotypes and alpha-thalassemia, and their influence on clinical manifestations and the hematological profile of children with sickle cell anemia.MethodThe frequency of βS-globin haplotypes and alpha-thalassemia and any association with clinical and laboratorial manifestations were determined in 117 sickle cell anemia children aged 3–71 months. The confirmation of hemoglobin SS and determination of the haplotypes were achieved by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and alpha-thalassemia genotyping was by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (single-tube multiplex-polymerase chain reaction).ResultsThe genotype distribution of haplotypes was 43 (36.7%) Central African Republic/Benin, 41 (35.0%) Central African Republic/Central African Republic, 20 (17.0%) Rare/atypical, and 13 (11.1%) Benin/Benin. The frequency of the α3.7 deletion was 1.71% as homozygous (−α3.7/−α3.7) and 11.9% as heterozygous (−α3.7/αα). The only significant association in respect to haplotypes was related to the mean corpuscular volume. The presence of alpha-thalassemia was significantly associated to decreases in mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and reticulocyte count and to an increase in the red blood cell count. There were no significant associations of βS-globin haplotypes and alpha-thalassemia with clinical manifestations.ConclusionsIn the study population, the frequency of alpha-thalassemia was similar to published data in Brazil with the Central African Republic haplotype being the most common, followed by the Benin haplotype. βS-globin haplotypes and interaction between alpha-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia did not influence fetal hemoglobin concentrations or the number of clinical manifestations.