Hematological Indices Research Articles

Nutraceutical Effects of Snot Apple Powder on Triiodothyronine, Oxidative Stress Markers, Haematology and Growth of Broiler Chickens

This study investigated the effects of incorporating snot apple powder with or without probiotics on performance, hematological indices, serum protein profile, oxidative markers, and triiodothyronine levels in chickens. The treatments included a control (0% snot apple powder) and varying levels of snot apple powder (1%, 2%, and 3%), all supplemented with probiotics at a rate of 0.5%. Over a 42-day trial period, parameters such as feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality, and blood samples for hematological and serum analyses were collected. Growth indices revealed significant variations (p

Supplementation of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis essential oils: Effects on haematology and serum biochemical indices of weaned pigs

Supplementation of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis essential oils: Effects on haematology and serum biochemical indices of weaned pigs

Physiological and biochemical responses of Labeo rohita to neonicotinoids imidacloprid, clothianidin, and their mixture.

Neonicotinoids, widely used insecticides, pose severe environmental risks due to their persistence in soil and water, adversely affecting non-target organisms and ecosystem integrity. The present study examined the 56days effects of imidacloprid (66.6mg/l), clothianidin (30mg/l), and their combination (33.3mg/l and 15mg/l) on Labeo rohita, using one-third of the LC50 sub-lethal concentrations. Survival, weight gain, and the hepatosomatic index decreased insignificantly in the IMI group and significantly in the CLO and Mix groups. Haematological indicators, including erythrocyte counts, haemoglobin, and haematocrit values, were also significantly reduced. Blood glucose and serum creatinine levels increased, while serum albumin, globulin, and plasma total proteins decreased. White blood cell counts elevated, while immunoglobulin (IgM), respiratory burst, and lysozyme activities were significantly inhibited. Liver, brain and muscle lactate and malate dehydrogenases were elevated, whereas succinate and glutamate dehydrogenases were decreased. Liver aspartate aminotransferase activity was substantially higher than that of brain and muscle, which had considerably higher levels of alanine aminotransferase in muscle than in the brain and liver. Additionally, muscle alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher than in the liver and brain, whereas liver acid phosphatase showed a greater elevation than in the muscle and brain. The physiological, haematological, and biochemical indices peaked on day 28 and slight recovery was observed on day 56 (IMI > CLO > Mix). The study highlights that the mixture of insecticides poses greater hazards compared to a single active compound, and the indiscriminate use of these insecticides jeopardizes non-target organisms, ecosystems, and public health.

Red cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio (RPR) as a predictor of prolonged stay at hospital for COVID-19 inpatients.

We looked at novel hematological composites like the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, red cell distribution width-to-lymphocyte ratio, red cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio, leukocyte-to-C reactive protein ratio, and lymphocyte-to-C reactive protein ratio as explanatory variables for COVID-19 patients´ hospital length of stay (LoS). The association of hematological indices with LoS was analyzed on 2930 COVID-19 patients using the univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models with enter method. The Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were applied to LoS. The survivors´ mean LoS was 7.8 ± 24.0 days, but the deaths´ mean LoS was 38.6 ± 41.9 days (W = 31338, p < 0.01). Every hematological scores representative of the inflammatory status was significantly correlated in the univariate analysis with a prolonged LoS (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, it was discovered that just the monocyte-to-lymphocyte and lymphocyte-to-C reactive protein ratios had not achieved statistical significance. However, most systemic inflammation measures showed hazards ratios close to one. One exemption was the red cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio (RPR) index, which can increase the probability of a longer hospital stay by up to ten times (HR(IC95%) = 0.092(0.03-0.29); p < 0.001). The most effective biomarker to identify COVID-19 patients at high risk for extended hospital stay was RPR. IntroductionDetermining hospital Length of Stay (LoS) is vital for resource management, especially for future COVID-19 outbreaks.Previous studies have primarily focused on sociodemographic and clinical attributes, along with resource availability, but have not accounted for other factors like routine laboratory tests, which can significantly impact LoS predictions.This study examines novel hematology scores as predictors of LoS, emphasizing their importance in resource-limited settings like Ecuador.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed 2,930 COVID-19 patients admitted to Hospital IESS Quito Sur in Ecuador focusing on confirmed cases with complete blood count (CBC) values to assess LoS.The study explored various hematological ratios, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red cell distribution width-to-lymphocyte ratio (RLR), as potential predictors of LoS and in-hospital outcomes for COVID-19 patients, using a combination of univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models.Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and log-rank tests were used to analyze survival and discharge probabilities over time, highlighting sex-dependent effects and the significant association between selected hematological indices and patient outcomes.ResultsThe mean LoS for survivors was significantly shorter compared to those who died (p < 0.001), indicating that longer hospitalization was associated with higher mortality risk.Women had a shorter average LoS (with lower mortality risk (p < 0.001), suggesting an asymmetrical hospitalization pattern based on sex.While most hematological markers had minimal clinical relevance for LoS, the red cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio (RPR) stood out, increasing the likelihood of a longer hospital stay by up to tenfold, making it a critical factor in predicting prolonged hospitalization.DiscussionMen had longer hospital stays and higher mortality rates than women, likely due to differing inflammatory responses, though hyperinflammation markers like NLR, PLR, and Leu-CPR had minimal clinical impact.RPR had the strongest link to longer hospital stays, indicating a higher risk of extended hospitalization in severe COVID-19 cases.Elevated RPR is tied to oxidative stress and coagulation issues, suggesting early identification could help reduce prolonged stays and complications.ConclusionResearch generally points to clinical complications from COVID-19 as the main factor behind prolonged hospitalizations, underlining the importance of early identification and management of these issues.

Evaluation of Antiarthritic Protective Effect of Erlangea tomentosa (Oliv. &amp; Hiern) S. Moore (Asteraceae) Methanol Leaf Extract in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats

Objective: Given the rising interest in plant-based therapies for chronic inflammatory diseases like arthritis, this study aimed to explore the potential of Erlangea tomentosa, a plant known for its medicinal properties, as an anti-arthritic agent Methodology: The plant extract was administered to arthritic rats that had been injected with the Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). The physical anti-arthritis effects of the plant were evaluated using body weight, paw diameter, and a clinical scoring approach. The systemic anti-arthritis properties were evaluated using hematological and biochemical markers of arthritis at the conclusion of the study. Paw joints were taken out for histopathological investigation, and the body weight organ indices for gross abnormalities. Results: It was found that the methanol leaf extract of the plant significantly reduced the arthritis state, which was obvious in clinical arthritis scoring, CFA-injected paw size, body weight, and the preservation of hematological and biochemical indicators. Histopathology and organ indices also confirmed that the plant extract could reduce the pain and inflammation of animals with CFA-induced arthritis. Conclusion: The authors have concluded that the plant might help with arthritis. Research into a specific proinflammatory mediator, such as interleukins and tumor necrosis factor, would confirm this activity.

Application of multiple inflammatory markers combined with PIVKA-II in differential diagnosis of AFP-NHCC

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a proven blood biomarker widely used in clinical detection of liver cancer, and its concentration increases immediately after liver injury, with high diagnostic specificity and low sensitivity. However, in patients with AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma (AFP-NHCC), also known as small liver cancer, their early stage of AFP expression is usually low or close to the normal range. Compared with AFP-positive HCC, AFP-NHCC is more likely to be subjected to missed diagnosis due to solely dependence on the measurement of blood AFP. Therefore, it is necessary to find a reliable, effective, and economical detection method for the early diagnosis of AFP-NHCC. PIVKA-II is closely related to the occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis of liver cancer, and is also a new hematological marker widely used in the diagnosis of liver cancer in recent years. PIVKA-II effectively makes up for the limitation of negative AFP. 63.2% &amp;ndash; 76.3% of patients with negative AFP showed positive PIVKA-II, and if only PIVKA-II detection was relied on, there would still be missed diagnosis in early patients with AFP-NHCC. In this retrospective study, we selected several commonly used inflammatory indicators to explore the diagnostic efficacy of PIVKA-II, an abnormal form of prothrombin, combined with inflammatory indicators in patients with early-stage AFP-NHCC and analyzed the relationship between some clinical features and hematological indicators in patients with AFP-NHCC. Serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), prealbumin (PA), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and PIVKA-II were compared among three groups (AFP-NHCC group, benign lesion group, and healthy subjects). The diagnostic efficacy of PIVKA-II alone for AFP-NHCC and the diagnostic efficacy of three inflammatory indicators combined with PIVKA-II for AFP-NHCC were calculated, and their diagnostic specificity and sensitivity were compared. Compared with the other two groups, the AFP-NHCC group showed significant changes in three inflammatory markers and PIVKA-II, which may be related to the inflammatory progression of the tumor. Therefore, we recommend the establishment of a laboratory-based detection approach for diagnosing early-stage AFP-NHCC by combining PIVKA-II with inflammatory indicators hs-CRP, PA, and NLR, to facilitate diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of AFP-NHCC.

Study on the biosafety and targeting efficiency of Escherichia coli outer membrane vesicles in breast tumor.

To seek out the targeting of Escherichia coli outer membrane vesicles (E. coli OMVs) in breast tumor-bearing mice and their biosafety in healthy mice. Ultrafiltration in conjunction with ultracentrifugation was utilized to concentrate E. coli OMVs, and characterize them. Subcutaneous breast tumors were induced in BALB/c mice to serve as an experimental model, and the biodistribution of E. coli OMVs in both tumor-bearing and healthy mice was monitored using an in vivo fluorescence imaging system. Utilizing frozen sections, the infiltration of E. coli OMVs in tumor tissues was appraised at the 24-hour post-injection. Healthy BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group and vesicles group. Following the intravenous injection of E. coli OMVs, monitoring encompassed variations in body weight, blood routine indices, serum levels of AST, ALT, and BUN, organ indices (heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney), along with tissue histopathology over a 14-day period. The spherical E. coli OMVs had a diameter of (155.8 ± 3.1) nm and exhibited the expression of outer membrane proteins OmpA and OmpC. Upon assessment, it was evident that the E. coli OMVs persisted in the tumor tissues even 24h post-injection. An evident decrease in the body weight of the vesicles group, distinct from the control group, was observed on the second day after injection (P < 0.001); in contrast, no considerable differences were noted at subsequent time points (P > 0.05). Following the injection, the vesicles group displayed notable reductions in WBC and PLT as relative to the control group (P < 0.0001) on the initial day, however, there were no noteworthy distinctions as opposed to the control group for other hematological indices; No notable variances in hematological indices between the two groups were observed on the seventh and fourteenth day (P > 0.05). Over the 14 days, no substantial differences were observed in the serum levels of BUN, AST, ALT, and organ indices within the vesicles group as opposed to the control group (P > 0.05). Furthermore, there were no obvious abnormal changes in tissue morphology. 0.5mg/kg of E. coli OMVs can safely and effectively target 4T1 breast tumor in mice.

Exploring hematological diversity, a comprehensive study of CBC variations among the population of Tehsil Kot-Momin Sargodha

Objectives: To ascertain the diversity and patterns observed in the complete blood count within the population of Tehsil Kot-Momin , Sargodha. Study Design: Observational Cross Sectional Study Place of Study: Rai Medical College,Sargodha Materials &amp; Methods: A comprehensive collection of 401 CBC samples was meticoulously acquired from individuals at Medina Medical Complex in Kot-Momin ,Sargodha, subsequent to securing verbal informed consent. Subsequent research activities were conducted at Rai Medical College,Sargodha, post-recipt of sanction from the institutional ethical review committee. The time frame for data accumulation extended from june 2023 through August 2023 and the results were analyzed on SPSS Ver 27. Results: The study aimed to explore gender differences in hematological parameters among a sample of 401 individuals. Key findings indicated significant gender-based variations in hemoglobin (p &lt; 0.001), total RBC count ( p&lt; 0.001), hematocrit (p &lt;0.001) , platlelt count (p=0.008), and mean platelet volume (MPV) (p=0.033). In this investigation, male subjects were observed to possess higher mean concentration of hemoplobin , total erythrocyte count and hematocrit levels relative to their female counterparts, who demonstrated an augmented mean thrombocyte count. Significantly, the mean thrombocyte volume (MTV)-a proxy for platelet volume - was markedly distinct between genders, alluding to potential differences in thrombocyte function or production. Conversly, the study revealed no statistically significant disparities in parameters such as leukocyte count (WBC) , mean corpuscular volume ( MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) , mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and proportions of hematocrit (PCT), as well as neutrophil,lymphocyte ,monocyte, eosinophil and basophil counts, thereby indicating a homogeneity in these hematological indices across genders. Conclusion: This study offers a comprehensive analysis of variations in hematological parameters across different groups, highlighting significant differences in hemoglobin , total RBC count, hematocrit, platelet count and mean platelet volume. These findings underscore the potential influence of biological and physiological factors on blood profiles, suggesting a need for personalized approaches in the interpretation of hematological data for clinical or diagnostic purposes.

Red Rice DE 40 Alleviates High-fat Diet-induced Hyperlipemia by Lowering Lipid Profiles in Rats

Background Hyperlipidaemia is characterised by an abnormal increase in one or more lipids in plasma, and is a major contributor to obesity, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke if they are not treated promptly. Objectives In this study, we intended to discover the therapeutic actions of Red Rice DE 40 (RR DE 40) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced rats. Materials and Methods The experimental rats were fed with HFD for 90 days to initiate the hyperlipidaemia and subsequently treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg of RR DE 40 from 60th to 90 days. The body weight of the rats was measured regularly. After the scarification, the blood, liver, and adipose tissue specimens were collected for biochemical assays. The liver and adipose tissues were weighed properly. The levels of haematological indices were counted using a haemocytometer. The levels of biochemical markers and liver marker enzymes were assessed using standard methods. The levels of lipid profiles were determined by standard methods. The excised liver and adipose tissues were analysed microscopically by histopathological analysis. Results RR DE 40 treatment effectively decreased the body weight gain in the HFD-induced rats. The liver and adipose tissue weight was also reduced by the RR DE 40 treatment. The changes in the haematological parameters such as RBC, WBC, Hb, monocytes, lymphocytes, and polymorphs were modulated by the RR DE 40 treatment on EG-induced rats. The levels of total protein, albumin, glucose, and urea and activities of SGOT and SGPT were substantially decreased by the RR DE 40 treatment. The RR DE 40 treatment also diminished the status of TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL in the HFD-treated rats. The findings of histopathological analysis also witnessed the therapeutic effects of RR DE 40. Conclusion The findings of this work highlighted that RR DE 40 is effective in HFD-induced hyperlipidaemia, probably due to its lipid-lowering potential. Hence, it may be used for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia-associated diseases.

Phase angle as a predictor of mortality in elderly patients with multimorbidity: a matched case-control study.

We aimed to investigate the value of phase angle (PhA) as a prognostic marker for mortality in elderly patients with multimorbidity using a matched case-control study. This study was conducted with patients 70 years of age or older with multimorbidity at Beijing Geriatric Hospital. The body composition parameters including PhA were determined using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Common hematological indices were determined using blood tests. The outcome was mortality 1 year after admission. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify independent risk factors for death. A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the performance of risk factors in predicting death. A total of 30 deceased patients were included in the death group. The living patients were matched 1:1 with the deceased patients in age, gender, and Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatric score to generate a survival group of 30. The death group exhibited higher levels of blood urea nitrogen and extracellular water to total body water ratio and lower levels of PhA and prealbumin than the survival group. The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified PhA as the only independent risk factor for mortality (OR = 3.296, 95% CI [1.201-9.044], P < 0.05). For the ROC curve analysis, PhA had an area of 0.854 (95% CI [0.755-0.955], P = 000). The Youden index was 0.700, and the optimal cutoff value associated with the Youden index was 2.45°. PhA serves as a good prognostic marker for mortality in elderly patients with multimorbidity.

Blood Profile of West African Dwarf Does Fed Microbial Treated Bambara Nutshell

A study was conducted using twenty-one (21) West African Dwarf (WAD) goats with an average weight of 10.50± 0.36 kg to evaluate the blood profile of WAD goats fed microbial treated Bambara nutshell diets. The goats were allotted seven dietary treatments with three replicated per treatment in a completely randomized design. The Bambara nutshells underwent sterilization for 15 minutes, were inoculated with 25, 50, and 75ml of Pleurotus pulmonaris and Aspergillus niger, incubated for 7 days, air-dried, and then integrated into the diets, diet A (control), diet B, C, D (25ml, 50ml 75ml Pleurotus pulmonaris) and E, F, G (25ml, 50ml, 75ml Aspergillus niger). Blood was collected from each animal via the jugular vein into bottles containing anticoagulant and without anticoagulant for the measurement of hematological and serum biochemical indices respectively. The study lasted for 63 days. Results showed that the proximate compositions were significantly influenced (p&gt;0.05). Results showed that the blood parameters were significantly (p&lt;0.05) influenced by the diet. Does fed diet C had the highest packed cell volume (35.00 %), hemoglobin (11.97 %) and lymphocytes (47.67%). The serum biochemical parameters also indicated that, total protein (20.09g/l) was highest in diet C. The albumin (4.27g/l) was higher in animals fed diet G, while the serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase (5.40 iu/l) and aspartate aminotransferase (22.83 iu/l) were least in animals fed diet F and G respectively. Conclusively, microbial treatment of Bambara nutshell does not have adverse effects on the goat's health status.

Dynamic Changes in Intestinal Microorganisms and Hematological Indices in Giraffes of Different Ages, and the Effect of Diarrhea on Intestinal Microbiota

This study employed high-throughput sequencing to explore bacterial diversity and hematological variations across different age groups of giraffes, as well as the impact of diarrhea on their intestinal microbiota. Additionally, the correlation between intestinal flora and hematological indices was examined for the first time. Firmicutes, Bacteroides, and Proteobacteria were the predominant bacterial groups in the giraffe’s intestinal flora. The α-diversity analysis indicated significant variations in microbial diversity among giraffes of varying ages (p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, giraffes suffering from diarrhea exhibited significant alterations in the abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota at the phylum level (p &lt; 0.05). At the genus level, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Monoglobus, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-004 had significant differences compared to healthy counterparts (p &lt; 0.05). Hematological parameters such as lymphocyte count (Lym), red blood cell count (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet count (PLT), and plateletcrit (PCT) varied significantly across different age groups (p &lt; 0.05). A substantial correlation was observed between the intestinal microbiome composition and hematological parameters (p &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, this study highlights significant differences in both the intestinal microbiome composition and hematological indices among giraffes of different ages. Diarrhea was found to significantly alter the abundance and composition of the intestinal microbial community. These insights provide a valuable theoretical foundation for the microbiological and hematological aspects of giraffe health management and breeding practices.

The Effects of Indigo Waste Silage Prepared with Additives on Feed Availability, Rumen Fermentation Patterns, Blood Metabolites, and Hematological Indices in Beef Cattle

The Effects of Indigo Waste Silage Prepared with Additives on Feed Availability, Rumen Fermentation Patterns, Blood Metabolites, and Hematological Indices in Beef Cattle

Dietary ginger (Zingiber officinale) enhances performance traits, biochemical and haematological indices of Turkey targeting mRNA gene expression

Ginger rich in polyphenols, possesses various biomedical properties. Researchers investigated the effects of dietary ginger supplementation on turkey performance traits, biochemical parameters, haematological parameters and mRNA gene expression. Ginger root powder was administered at different doses (0, 10, 20 and 40 g/kg) to the turkeys. Notably, the 20 g/kg group exhibited improved performance traits and a higher broiler production efficiency factor (BPEF). Importantly, ginger was found to be safe for turkeys based on serum indices. Furthermore, the expression of several growth-related genes, including growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), cyclooxygenase 3 (COX-3) and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP-3), was upregulated in the 20 g/kg enhancing their growth performance and economic efficiency in addition to keeping their health status safe. Therefore, Ginger root powder can be supplemented for turkey at a concentration of 2% as the addition of ginger powder is a long-term process.

Recovery effects of sodium carboxymethylcellulose-xanthan gum hydrogels containing peptide‑iron complexes against iron deficient anemia in vivo

In this study, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and xanthan gum (XG) were used to prepare the CXM-Fe hydrogels (CMC: 20 mg/mL, XG: 10 mg/mL) with the addition of Mytilus edulis protein hydrolysate‑iron (MEPH-Fe) complexes. The incorporation of MEPH-Fe complexes formed a denser network structure and the CXM-Fe hydrogels had better pH stability as well as gastrointestinal retention ability. Compared with ferrous sulfate and MEPH-Fe complexes, the CXM-Fe hydrogels at moderate doses (Fe2+:2 mg/kg) showed impressive recovery effects on iron deficiency anemia (IDA) mice in terms of hematological indices, organ coefficients and iron content, antioxidant capacity, and remarkedly attenuated the infiltration of inflammatory cells as well as the levels of inflammatory factors in iron deficiency-induced colonic inflammation.

Hematological parameters of the European hake (Merluccius merluccius) in Toroneos Gulf, northern Greece: A case study

Background: The European hake (Merluccius merluccius) is a commercially valuable demersal species widely distributed in the Mediterranean Sea. Assessing the condition of fish populations in their natural habitats is challenging due to the lack of reliable reference points. Objective: This study aimed to utilize hematological analysis as an economical method to evaluate the physiological and health status of European hake, addressing the gap in hematological data for this species. Methods: Blood samples were collected from the caudal vein of 40 adult European hakes caught from the Toroneos Gulf (northern Greece) using a commercial bottom otter trawl. An automated hematological analyzer was used to assess hematological parameters alongside biometric and biological indices. Results: Female hakes showed significantly higher white blood cell (WBC) counts, thrombocyte (TC) counts, and red cell distribution width (RDW) than their male counterparts. Strong correlations were observed among various hematological parameters, notably between WBC and red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit (Ht), and hemoglobin (Hb); between RBC and both Ht and Hb; between TC and both mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width (PDW); and between mean corpuscular Hb concentration and RDW. Significant differences were noted in RBCs, Hb, and Ht compared to data from wild-caught European hake populations in Argentina and Denmark. Both trawling depth and duration were found to significantly affect RBC, WBC, Hb, and Ht values, while having no notable impact on TC. Fish captured at an average depth of 80 m and with a trawling duration of 30 min exhibited significantly elevated hematological indices. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that hematological analysis is a valuable, cost-effective tool for assessing the physiological and health status of European hake populations in the Mediterranean. Notable differences in hematological parameters based on sex, as well as significant correlations among key blood metrics, underscore the importance of understanding species-specific hematological profiles. The influence of trawling depth and duration on certain blood parameters highlights the need for standardized sampling protocols in population health assessments. These findings contribute essential baseline hematological data for European hake, facilitating more informed fisheries management and conservation strategies.

Triangle correlations of lung microbiome, host physiology and gut microbiome in a rat model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Changes in lung and gut microbial communities have been associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study aimed to investigate correlations between microbial changes in the lung and gut and host physiological indices in an IPF model, exploring potential mechanisms of the lung-gut axis in IPF pathogenesis. IPF model rats were established via trans-tracheal injection of bleomycin, with assessments of hematological indices, serum cytokines, lung histopathology, and microbiome alterations. Significant differences in microbial structure and composition were observed in the IPF model compared to controls, with 14 lung and 7 gut microbial genera showing significant abundance changes. Further analysis revealed 20 significant correlations between pulmonary and gut genera. Notably, 11 pairs of correlated genera were linked to the same IPF-related physiological indices, such as hydroxyproline, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and red cell distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD). We identified 24 instances where a lung and a gut genus were each associated with the same physiological index, forming "lung genus—index—gut genus" relationships. Mediation analysis showed that indices like hydroxyproline, MCV, and RDW-SD mediated correlations between 10 lung genera (e.g., Cetobacterium, Clostridium XVIII ) and the gut genus Allobaculum. This study first describes gut-lung microbial interactions in pulmonary fibrosis. Mediation analysis suggests pathways underlying "lung genus—host index—gut genus" and "gut genus—host index—lung genus" correlations, thus providing clues to further elucidate the mechanisms of the “gut-lung axis” in IPF pathogenesis.

Creation of a database of historical control of hematological indices in rat blood to interpret the results of sanitary and toxicological studies of active substances of pesticides

Introduction. Historical control data provide an understanding of the background variability (spontaneous changes) of the studied indices in the same species and line of animals, under similar conditions in the same laboratory, when assessing the toxic effects of repeated (manifold) administration of active substances of pesticides. The aim of the study was to create a database of historical control of hematological indices in rat blood used in chronic (twelve months) studies of active substances of pesticides of various chemical structures. Materials and methods. In accordance with the planned goal, a database of hematological blood indicces from control animals used in chronic (12 months) sanitary and toxicological studies of active substances of pesticides of various chemical structures has been created. The database contains information on 13 hematological indices in rat blood taken from control animals in dynamics after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months from the start of the study for the period 2017–2022. Studies of the active substances of pesticides were carried out in the biological testing laboratory of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing according to the manual P 1.2.3156–13. Results. The results of the conducted studies indicate that in dynamics after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of the study, a statistically significant increase in hemoglobin levels was detected in the blood of male rats. With the age, the animals showed a tendency to increase the concentration of red blood cells and platelets. Limitations. This article publishes a database of historical control of hematological parameters in rat blood, data on biochemical indices of blood serum and physiological indices in male rats in similar studies will be presented in the following publications. Conclusion. The results obtained will be used to substantiate the maximum inactive doses (NOEL), permissible daily doses (DSD), hygienic standards of the studied compounds in food and environmental objects.

Involvement of canine parvovirus in mRNA expression levels of key lectins and caspases in blood leukocytes.

Canine parvovirus disease (CPVD) is one of the most common causes of viral diarrhea in dogs. The disease has a mortality rate of up to 90% if left untreated, and can cause gastroenteritis, vomiting, mucoid/hemorrhagic diarrhea, lymphopenia and even immunosuppression. Based on the effects of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) on the immune system, we investigated the effects of the CPV-2 on hematological indices and the expression of certain immune molecules in blood leukocytes of CPV-positive and non-CPV dogs. The dogs were (para)clinically evaluated, and their disease status was confirmed by antigen rapid detection kits and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To elucidate the nature of the immunosuppression seen in CPVD, we investigated the expression of caspases 3/7 and 9, and some lectin family molecules such as galectin-1 (important in viral adhesion) and Mincle (macrophage‑inducible C‑type lectin receptor), in blood leukocytes using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). We observed remarkable lymphopenia, lower Hb concentration and higher red blood cell distribution width (RDW) value in CPV-positive dogs. No significant changes in expression of caspases 3/7 and 9 were detected, but galectin-1 and Mincle showed remarkable down and up-regulation, respectively. This proves that the immunosuppression seen in most CPVD is not caused by lymphocyte apoptosis in blood, and that Mincle is partially involved in the immune response to CPV-2. The observed changes in galectin-1 and Mincle may be a defense mechanism against parvovirus by potentially preventing the parvovirus from adhering to the cells. Further research is, nonetheless, needed to elucidate the possible roles of these molecules in CPV-2 pathogenesis and the immune system's response to parvovirus.

Features of hematological indices in cataract in the dynamics of surgical treatment

BACKGROUND: Cataract is one of the most common ophthalmologic diseases leading to blindness. AIM: To study the features of hematological indices in men over 40 years old with different types of cataract before and after surgical treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The examination groups included 25 patients (25 eyes) with opacities localized in the cortical substance of the lens, 19 (19 eyes) with total opacities, 26 (26 eyes) with nuclear opacities, 30 (30 eyes) with subcapsular opacities; of these, 43 patients (43 eyes) had initial cataract, 39 (39 eyes) — immature, 18 (18 eyes) — mature cataract. The control group consisted of 30 people. All study participants underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination and assessment of hematological indices. The following integral hematological indices were calculated using generally accepted formulas: lymphocyte index (lymphocytes/neutrophils); leukocyte intoxication index; neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio index; neutrophil/monocyte ratio index; lymphocyte/monocyte ratio index; lymphocyte/eosinophil ratio index; leukocyte ratio and erythrocyte sedimentation rate index. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 10 package. The Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney nonparametric tests were used to assess differences in the groups. The critical level of statistical significance when testing scientific hypotheses was p 0.05. RESULTS: At all stages of cataract maturity, before and after surgery, unidirectional changes in the hematological indices were revealed: the lymphocyte and eosinophil ratio decreased (1.4–2.0; p=0.01), the neutrophils and monocytes (1.3–2.1; p=0.04), lymphocytes and monocytes (1.4–2.5; p=0.02) ratios, leukocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (2.9–6.8; p=0.01) increased. In immature cataract, the intoxication index according to the hematological indices increased by 2 times in the dynamics of surgical treatment. At the same time, multidirectional changes in the hematological indices were revealed in cortical and subcapsular opacities of the lens, unidirectional changes — in nuclear and total opacities. CONCLUSION: Patients with nuclear and total cataracts have the greatest number of disturbances in the ratio of cell populations according to hematological indices, therefore they constitute a risk group for the development of complications.