Ginger powder modulates key immune and antioxidant pathways in Nile tilapia, conferring protection against Aeromonas veronii infection.

Introduction/Objective: Surgery can lead to local and systemic activation of oxidative and inflammatory systems. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of silymarin on the levels of liver enzymes and hematological parameters after inguinal hernia repair. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 60 patients who were referred for hernia repair were included and randomly assigned into two groups. The intervention group was given silymarin three times a day, and the control group received a placebo. The patient's vital signs, hepatic enzymes, blood, and coagulation parameters were recorded before and after surgery. Data were analyzed by SPSSv18. Results: Hernia repair caused significant increases in the level of liver enzymes, White Blood Cells (WBC), Platelets (PLT), and Neutrophils (PMN) (P<0.05), but did not cause significant alteration in the level of coagulation factors, hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (HB) (P>0.05). Supplementation of silymarin in patients significantly decreased the level of hepatic enzymes, WBC, PMN, LYMPH, and PLT (p<0.05). Furthermore, the results for vital signs, including Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), and PR were not changed after silymarin administration (p>0.05). Postoperative PTT levels in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group (p=0.023). Moreover, a significant difference was observed between the International Normalized Ratio (INR) of the two groups after surgery (P=0.039). Conclusions: Silymarin supplementation has the ability to attenuate hepatotoxicity induced by surgery; however, further studies are needed to determine its exact mechanism of action.

Hematopoiesis is a fundamental biological process responsible for the production of blood cells, and disruptions in this process often lead to anemia and related hematological disorders. Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken, a medicinal plant belonging to the family of Crassulaceae is widely used in ethnomedicine, and has been reported to possess diverse pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective effects. This study evaluated the hematopoietic activity of ethanol extract of B. pinnatum on albino rats induced with acetic acid. Thirty (30) rats were randomly assigned into five groups: normal control, negative control, positive control (Cimetidine, 20 mg/kg), and two treatment groups (100 and 200 mg/kg) of B. pinnatum ethanol extract. The rats were administered with plant extract and Cimetidine for seven days after which all the animals except those in normal control group were induced with acetic acid (1 ml). Twenty-four hours later, they were sacrificed and blood of each animal was collected for hematology analysis. Hematological parameters including packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and differential leukocyte counts were determined following extract administration using an automated hematology analyzer. Acetic acid exposure significantly altered hematological parameters, elevating WBC (8.30 ± 0.25 × 10⁹/L) and reducing RBC (6.87 ± 0.18 × 10¹²/L), Hb (14.20 ± 0.21 g/dL), and PCV (43.0 ± 0.9 %) as shown in negative control group. Administration of B. pinnatum extract, particularly at 100 mg/kg, restored these parameters towards normal values, showing Hb (14.00 ± 0.20 g/dL), RBC (8.19 ± 0.21 × 10¹²/L), and PCV (41.0 ± 0.8 %) comparable to the normal control (14.10 ± 0.18 g/dL, 7.95 ± 0.19× 10¹²/L, 42.0 ± 0.8 % respectively). The 100 mg/kg dose also normalized leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, while 200 mg/kg produced moderate but less pronounced improvement. Ethanol extract of B. pinnatum leaves exhibits hematopoietic potential by restoring erythrocyte indices and modulating leukocyte balance in ulcerogenic rats. These findings support its traditional use in promoting blood recovery and suggest a therapeutic role in managing anemia associated with ulcerative and inflammatory conditions.

ABSTRACT Background The high-altitude adaptation genes EPAS1 (HIF-2α) and EGLN1 (PHD2) in the HIF–PHD oxygen-sensing pathway regulate erythropoiesis and iron homeostasis and are implicated in hypoxia-related pulmonary vascular disease, yet causal roles are unclear. Methods This study applied a drug-target Mendelian randomization (DTMR) framework. Cis-eQTLs were used to instrument EPAS1/EGLN1 expression; gene-restricted erythroid instruments were built from genome-wide significant variants within ± 100 kb for hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), and red blood cell count (RBC). Primary analyses used inverse-variance weighted (IVW) and summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) with eight sensitivity approaches. Outcomes included pulmonary embolism (PE), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), pulmonary-artery structural indices, and right-heart MRI traits. Two-step mediation MR evaluated iron-status traits. Results In SMR-DTMR, higher EPAS1 expression associated with lower PE risk (OR = 0.861; 95% CI, 0.758–0.979). In IVW-DTMR, EGLN1-mediated increases in HGB/HCT/RBC raised PE risk (HGB: OR 2.55; HCT: OR 2.45; RBC: OR 1.91) and were associated with lower systolic pulmonary artery–to–aorta ratio (PA/Ao) (HGB β−0.322; HCT β−0.282; RBC β−0.425). EPAS1-mediated HGB/HCT/RBC were associated with reduced right ventricular peak filling rate (RVP-FR; β−33.8 to −28.1). Mediation indicated serum iron partially mediated the EGLN1→(HGB/HCT)→PE pathway (3.6–3.8%), with a potential effect for RBC; ferritin potentially mediated the EPAS1→RBC→PA/Ao pathway. Multiple sensitivity analyses supported robustness. Conclusions EGLN1-driven erythropoietic upregulation increases PE risk and adversely affects pulmonary artery structure, whereas higher EPAS1 expression reduces PE risk. These genetic findings support targeted modulation of HIF-2α and iron metabolism.

Understanding the relationship between Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and serum ferritin levels is essential for evaluating iron status and overall health, particularly in young adults in minority communities.

Introduction: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) stands out as one of the most damaging toxins in poultry, causing oxidative stress and immunosuppression in broiler chickens. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of vitamins A and E on hematological and biochemical parameters in broiler chickens intoxicated with AFB1.Materials and methods: A total of 96 day-old unsexed broiler chickens, weighing approximately 40 grams, were randomly divided into six groups. Each group consisted of 16 chickens, with two replicates and eight chickens per replicate. The first treatment compromised commercial feed with 35 µg/kg of AFB1 and 10 mg of vitamin A (T1), the second treatment included commercial feed with 35 µg/kg of AFB1 and 15 mg of vitamin A (T2), third treatment included commercial feed with 35 µg/kg of AFB1 and 5 mg of vitamin E (T3), fourth treatment had commercial feed with 35 µg/kg of AFB1 and 10 mg of vitamin E (T4), the negative control had commercial feed with 35 µg/kg of AFB1 without any vitamins (T5), and the positive control group were given commercial feed only (T6). The entire study was conducted over 42 days, and hematological and serum biochemical parameters were assessed on day 42. Results: Differences in hematological and biochemical parameters were not statistically significant across groups. However, T3 had the highest values of packed cell volume (31%), hemoglobin (10.05 g/dl), red blood cell (3.30 × 10⁶/μl), and white blood cell (15.95 × 103/μl). Additionally, in T4, the serum biochemical parameters indicated the lowest values of aspartate aminotransferase (178.50 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (183.00 U/L), and blood urea nitrogen (1.25 mg/dL), numerically compared to the other groups. Conclusion: The present study indicated that vitamins can be used as a strategic dietary ingredient in reducing the effects of aflatoxins. Supplementing with antioxidants such as vitamin E reduces oxidative stress, stabilizes liver and kidney functions, and supports poultry health under AFB1 exposure.

This study was designed to evaluate the effect on various haematological and biochemical parameters following administration of ketamine anaesthesia alongwith glycopyrrolate-diazepam, glycopyrrolate-butorphanol and glycopyrrolate-xylazine as preanaesthetics in 18 non-descript buffalo calves and were divided into three groups (A, B and C) with six animals in each. All the calves were administrated glycopyrrolate @ 0.01 mg/ kg body weight through intramuscular route prior to anaesthetic administration. Then the calves in all group A, B and C were administered diazepam @ 0.5 mg/kg body weight, butorphanol @ 0.075 mg/kg body weight and xylazine @ 0.16 mg/kg body weight respectively through intravenous route. Further, general anaesthesia was induced with ketamine @ 4 mg/kg body weight intravenously. Haematological parameters such as haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leucocyte count (TLC), differential leucocyte count (DLC) and biochemical parameters such as serum glucose, serum total protein, serum urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were estimated before sedation (0) and at 30, 60,120 min. and 6 hrs post ketamine anaesthesia. Hematological investigations indicated a non-significant (P>0.05) reduction in Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, and DLC after ketamine anesthesia across all groups. Hyperglycemia was observed in animals from all groups following ketamine anesthesia. Other biochemical indicators such as total serum protein, serum urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels exhibited non-significant (P>0.05) variations at different time points but stayed within the normal physiological limits. Thus, it can be concluded that the combinations of glycopyrrolate-diazepam-ketamine, glycopyrrolate-butorphanol-ketamine, and glycopyrrolate-xylazine-ketamine do not have any harmful effects on vital organs, and the changes stayed within physiological limits. Therefore, ketamine can be used safely and effectively as an induction agent in buffalo calves for general anesthesia.

This research was conducted to determine the Effects of Aloe vera Leaf meal on Hematology and Semen Characteristics of Chickens. The study evaluated the impact of Aloe vera (AV) on reproductive performance, haematology, and Semen Characteristics in Noiler cocks. A total of one hundred and fourty four (144) Noiler cocks were fed diets Aloe vera leaf meal at varying inclusion rates (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%). Data collected include semen volume, semen colour, motility, concentration, percentage live and semen morphology. hematological indices recorde include hemoglobin, packed cell volume, red blood cell, white blood, mean corporcular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. The haematological indices and Semen quality parameters were analyzed. Results on Semen Quality revealed that: AV at 1.0% enhanced sperm motility (52.4% vs. control 34.6%), concentration (47.41 ×10⁶/ml), and viability (54.0%) post-storage. Results for Hematology revealed that: Aloe vera improved packed cell volume (PCV: 47.1% at 0.5%) and RBC counts. In conclusion, Aloe vera at 1.0% is recommended for enhancing semen quality and offered the safest hematological outcomes.

Anemia in pregnancy is one of the most persistent nutritional challenges in low and middle-income countries. Debate concerning optimal supplementation strategy, either Iron Folic Acid (IFA) or Multiple Micronutrient Supplement (MMS) is critical for policy-making. This study is a quasi-experimental designed to compare the effects of IFA and MMS on heamoglobin and related blood indices among pregnant women in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The study was conducted in three Primary Healthcare (PHC) facilities and community in Nasarawa State from July to October 2024. Thirty-six women, in their second trimester, were enrolled from the health facilities and assigned into three groups: IFA (n = 13), MMS (n = 13), and control group (n = 10). Interventions lasted for three months. Blood samples were taken at baseline and end line to assess Heamoglobin (HB), Red Blood Cells (RBC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Serum Iron, Ferritin, and White Blood Cell (WBC) Differentials. A quantitative immunoassay analyzer was used to measure HB concentration and WBC differentials. Serum iron concentration was determined using a fully automated chemistry analyzer with the ferrozine colorimetric method, and serum ferritin concentration was measured using the iCHROMATM ii analyzer. Results showed that IFA significantly improved HB (9.82 ± 0.68 to 10.93 ± 1.30 g/dl, P = .01) and RBC counts, P = .02 (3.80 ± 0.55 to 4.38 ± 0.57 ×10^12/L) while MMS showed no significant HB improvement but led to increased lymphocytes (32.53 ± 8.42 to 39.61 ± 8.87%) while neutrophils reduced from 63.00 ± 7.65 to 55.69 ± 9.01(%). In the control group, ferritin rose unexpectedly (30.89 ± 6.46 to 67.07 ± 29.88 ng/ml), though other parameters remained stable. In conclusion, IFA was more effective in improving anemia-related indices, while MMS conferred modest immunological benefits. These findings reaffirm the central role of IFA in antenatal care but also point to a potential complementary role for MMS in supporting maternal immune health.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) such as prematurity, low birth weight, stillbirth, and birth defects remain significant global health challenges. While many risk factors are known, APOs encompass a wide range of outcomes with diverse, sometimes poorly understood etiologies. Pregnancy-related acute kidney injury (PR-AKI) and liver injury are particularly associated with increased maternal and fetal mortality. This study investigated the association between hematological parameters, kidney and liver injury markers and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This cross-sectional study involved 714 pregnant women aged 18–40 years, conducted between August 2021 and August 2022. Maternal blood samples were collected before and after delivery to compare hematological parameters. Kidney and liver injury markers were measured using standard methods. The study analysed the association of these parameters with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The median age of participants was 24 years (Q1, Q3: 21, 26). Women with adverse pregnancy outcomes had statistically significant serum creatinine levels [0.52 mg/dL (0.45, 0.58)] compared to those without [0.50 mg/dL (0.44, 0.56)], although the difference was not clinically significant. Elevated Aspartate Transaminase (AST) levels (>90th percentile) were statistically associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni corrections revealed significant differences in Hemoglobin (Hb), White Blood Cell (WBC), Red Blood Cell (RBC), platelet, and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) levels before and after delivery (p < 0.05) in both groups. Elevated AST levels, but not other hematological or biochemical parameters, were independently associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, whereas creatinine differences lacked clinical impact.

Recent days, feed biotechnology is creating land mark differences among traditional and sustainable poultry formulations. Biotechnology is now enables us to incorporate useful additives in broilers ration like enzymes, probiotics and more absorbable mineral sources. Individual effect of each additive had been explored extensively but combined effect of chelated minerals, enzymes and probiotics was studied in this research for sustainable broiler production. The purpose of present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Nutri biyo® (Nb) on different growth and physiological parameters in broilers. A total of 240day-old chicks were randomly divided into 4 treatments having 6 replicates each (10 birds per replicate). The treatments were T0 (basal diet), T1 (basal diet + 0.5g Nb), T2 (basal diet + 1g Nb) and T3 (basal diet + 1.5g Nb). During starter, finisher and overall duration, growth performance was improved in group receiving the highest inclusion of Nb. Furthermore, total tract nutrient digestibility, immune organ index and meat quality (springiness, chewiness, adhesiveness, compression, shear force and hardness values, ) were observed significant (p < 0.05) in birds fed with 1.5g of Nb as compared to control group on both 21st and 35th day. Antibody titers, carcass characteristics (carcass, thigh, heart, gizzard, back and proventriculus percentages), ileal digestibility (crude protein, dry matter, and ether extract) and bone measurements (tibia length, weight, wall thickness, and structural indicators) were improved (p < 0.05) by T3 group. Hematological parameters such as hemoglobin, packed cell volume, lymphocyte and red blood cell counts revealed significant increases in birds fed 1.0 and 1.5g/kg. Other hematological parameters, crude fiber (ileal) digestibility, breast, liver, wings and pancreas weights remained unchanged. These findings suggest Nutri Biyo® at 1.5g dose level as an effective feed additive for improving overall broiler performance.

Patients with hyperthyroidism frequently present with hematological abnormalities; however, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study enrolled 166 treatment-naïve hyperthyroidism patients and 56 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, comparing their complete blood count parameters. Additionally, a murine model of hyperthyroidism was established, and flow cytometry was employed to assess the quantity, proportion, cell cycle status, and apoptosis of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow. Clinical data analysis revealed that, compared to the healthy control group, hyperthyroidism patients exhibited significant reductions in peripheral white blood cell counts—particularly neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils—as well as in red blood cell parameters, including hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (HCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). These alterations were more pronounced in female patients. Animal experiments confirmed that hyperthyroid mice also developed leukopenia and neutropenia. Further investigation demonstrated a decreased number of HSPCs in the bone marrow of hyperthyroid mice. The primary cause was identified as cell cycle arrest rather than increased apoptosis. This study reveals that elevated thyroid hormone levels may lead to alterations in peripheral blood cell counts by inducing cell cycle arrest in bone marrow HSPCs, thereby impairing their proliferation and differentiation capabilities. These findings provide a novel cellular perspective for understanding the mechanisms underlying hematological abnormalities in hyperthyroidism and offer a theoretical foundation for potential clinical intervention strategies.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10238-025-01999-z.

This study evaluated the effects of dietary inclusion of Senna obtusifolia (Sickle Senna) leaf meal (SSLM) on the growth performance and hematological parameters of broiler finisher chickens. A total of eighty (80), four-week-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments consisted of a basal diet supplemented with SSLM at 0.0% (T1, control), 0.5% (T2), 1.0% (T3), and 1.5% (T4). Each treatment was replicated four times, with five birds per replicate. The experiment lasted for four weeks. Results indicated that final weight gain was significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher in the control group (6700 g/bird) compared to the SSLM-supplemented groups. The Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was significantly poorer in the 1.0% SSLM group (2.35) compared to the control (1.57). Hematological analysis revealed a significant (p&lt;0.05) reduction in red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume in birds fed SSLM, coupled with a marked elevation in white blood cell count. It was concluded that the inclusion of Senna obtusifolia leaf meal beyond 0.5% in broiler finisher diets adversely affects growth performance and induces physiological stress, likely due to antinutritional factors, and is therefore not recommended.

IntroductionMicronutritional deficits are linked to increased morbidity and mortality. Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) often presents with iron depletion and subclinical inflammation, despite their typical meat-based diets, suggesting widespread micronutritional malabsorption. This study aimed to determine if a complementary lymph food—enriched with whey protein, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, and designed to bypass mucosal malabsorption barriers—could improve CAD clinical signs and blood parameters.AnimalsThirty-eight dogs diagnosed with canine atopic dermatitis were included in the study.MethodsIn a 112-day, double-blinded, randomized study, 38 CAD dogs daily received 10 g of either the active lymph food (n = 19) or a hydrolyzed food placebo (n = 19). Owners weekly recorded pruritus using the Pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) and logged medication use (Janus kinase inhibitors, corticosteroids, antihistamines, cyclosporine, and Lokivetmab). Veterinarians monthly assessed skin lesions via the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI-4). Blood samples were collected at baseline and at the study's end. Treatment success was defined as a decrease of ≥2 on the PVAS and a ≥50% reduction in CADESI-4.ResultsThe complementary lymph food was well-accepted by the dogs. The active feed group showed significantly greater reductions in both CADESI-4 scores (−55%) and PVAS scores (−1.8) compared to the placebo group (+26%, p < 0.0003 and −0.05%, p = 0.0074, respectively), indicating an added benefit to standard care treatment. Medication use significantly declined in the active group. Furthermore, red blood cell counts, packed cell volume (PCV), and serum iron increased in the active group but not in the placebo group. A threefold significantly greater proportion of dogs in the active group achieved treatment success compared to the placebo group.ConclusionLymphatic nutrient feeding significantly improved CAD symptoms, suggesting a causative role of nutritional deficiencies in driving skin inflammation. This study strongly suggests a beneficial role for targeted lymphatic nutrient delivery in CAD management.

Genetically modified Eimeria species expressing host cytokines represent a promising strategy for developing live vaccines with intrinsic immunomodulatory properties. In this study, the effects of infection with an interleukin-4 (IL-4)–expressing transgenic Eimeria mitis strain on host hematological and systemic immune parameters were evaluated and compared with those induced by wild-type E. mitis. Chickens were experimentally infected with either the transgenic or wild-type parasite, and blood samples were collected at defined time points post-infection to assess changes in red and white blood cell indices, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, and leukocyte profiles. Infection with the IL-4–expressing E. mitis resulted in distinct hematological patterns compared with wild-type infection. Birds infected with the transgenic strain exhibited less pronounced reductions in red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume, indicating reduced physiological stress and milder systemic impact. Additionally, alterations in total leukocyte counts and differential leukocyte populations suggested a modulation of immune responses associated with IL-4 expression. The observed hematological responses indicate that expression of IL-4 by transgenic E. mitis influences host systemic physiology beyond the intestinal site of infection. The combination of reduced parasite fecundity, attenuated pathology, and moderated hematological disturbance supports the concept that IL-4–expressing E. mitis functions as a biologically safer live parasite. These findings provide important evidence that cytokine-expressing Eimeria strains can modulate host immune and physiological responses, reinforcing their potential application as next-generation live vaccine vectors in poultry.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a major global health concern, often progressing silently until advanced stages. Early detection is therefore critical to improving outcomes. This study focuses on identifying the most important predisposing risk factors for CKD and optimizing prediction performance using a stacking machine learning ensemble. Two datasets were analyzed: the UCI CKD dataset and a synthetically simulated CKD dataset designed to mirror real-world variability. A leakage-safe preprocessing pipeline was implemented, including median and mode imputation for missing values, Z-score capping for outliers, min–max normalization, and class balancing through the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE). Feature selection was performed using six complementary approaches: Logistic Regression (LR), Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE), Random Forest (RF), Mutual Information (MI), Chi-Square (χ²), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with a majority-vote strategy used to identify features consistently recognized as predictive. For the UCI CKD dataset, the common risk factors were serum creatinine, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, red blood cell count, specific gravity, albumin, sugar, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and appetite. For the simulated CKD dataset, key predictors included blood glucose random, blood urea, serum creatinine, potassium, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, specific gravity, albumin, red blood cells, pus cell clumps, appetite, pedal edema, and anemia. Using these selected features, the stacking ensemble achieved 100.0% accuracy on the UCI CKD dataset and 96.7% accuracy on the simulated dataset, both with negligible misclassification rates. Bootstrap confidence intervals confirmed the robustness of these results. The findings highlight that combining systematic feature selection with stacking significantly improves predictive accuracy while maintaining interpretability. This integrated framework offers a reliable tool for early CKD detection and can support clinical decision-making in real-world healthcare settings. Future work will focus on expanding validation across multi-site data and developing a clinical decision support interface. IJSS, Vol. 25(2), November, 2025, pp 1-32

PurposeTo investigate the relationship between the synthetic extracellular volume (ECV) fraction and the hematocrit (HCT)-based ECV fraction in gastric cancer patients and to evaluate its potential utility in predicting the pathological grade of gastric cancer.MethodsData from the derivation cohort consisting of 142 patients who underwent nonenhanced abdominal CT examination were collected, and the CT values of the abdominal aorta (CTA) and inferior vena cava (CTV) were measured separately. Using linear regression between CT attenuations and conventional hematocrit (HCTcon), calculation formulas were derived for the synthetic hematocrit of the abdominal aorta (HCTsyn, A) and the inferior vena cava (HCTsyn, V). A validation cohort of 62 gastric adenocarcinoma patients with dual-energy CT was analyzed to calculate synthetic ECV (ECVsyn, A and ECVsyn, V) using the derived formulas. Differences between synthetic and conventional ECV(ECVcon), and their efficacy in differentiating pathological grades, were compared.ResultsDerived formulas: HCTsyn,A% = 1.152×CTA - 12.311; HCTsyn,V% = 1.142×CTV - 11.229. In validation, HCTsyn,A and HCTsyn,V showed no significant difference from HCTcon (all P>0.05). HCTcon was strongly correlated with HCTsyn, A (r = 0.898, P < 0.01) and HCTsyn, V (r = 0.826, P < 0.01). ECVsyn,A and ECVsyn,V also did not differ from ECVcon (all P>0.05). ECVcon was strongly correlated with ECVsyn, A (r = 0.990, P < 0.01) and ECVsyn, V (r = 0.983, P < 0.01). All ECV metrics exhibited excellent and comparable efficiency in differentiating pathological grades.ConclusionsSynthetic ECV performs comparably to conventional ECV and predicts gastric cancer pathological grading effectively.

Abstract Back ground Anemia is a significant public health burden especially its prevalence among pregnant women, with iron deficiency serving as predominant cause. Genetic factors, such as polymorphisms in the Transmembrane Protease, Serine 6 ( TMPRSS6 ) gene, play a crucial role in regulating iron homeostasis by modulating the expression of hepcidin. Blood group variations have a significant association with iron metabolism. Methodology This study investigates the association of TMPRSS6 gene polymorphism rs1421312 (CC, TC, TT genotypes), blood groups, and key hematological markers with anemia susceptibility in pregnant Indian women. A case-control study was conducted with anemia ( N = 74) and non-anemia ( N = 69) participants. Genotyping and hematological assessments (Hemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), serum ferritin, Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation) were performed. Chi-square and independent t- tests were conducted to assess the associations, whilst regression models determined genetic and hematological interactions. Results The TC genotype was the most prevalent (75.5%), followed by CC (12.6%) and TT (11.9%). Women without anemia predominantly carried the TC genotype (81.2%), whereas women with anemia showed increased frequency distribution of CC (23%) and TT (14.9%) genotypes (χ²=6.542, p = 0.038). The TT genotype was significantly associated with lower hemoglobin and PCV values, with abnormal transferrin saturation ( p &lt; 0.05), suggesting it as a genetic risk marker. Also, study groups with blood group O + showed a higher frequency of iron deficiency markers, while non-O blood groups had relatively better iron status. A significant association was observed between TT genotype of rs1421312 polymorphism and iron deficiency anemia, especially among Rh-negative individuals. Interaction between TMPRSS6 polymorphisms and blood groups revealed a possible genetic predisposition to anemia. No significant association was observed between rs1421312 and serum ferritin, serum iron or TIBC, suggesting the polymorphism influences functional iron deficiency (via Hb, PCV, and transferrin saturation) rather than iron storage. Conclusion This study establishes a significant association between rs1421312 polymorphism of TMPRSS6 , blood groups, and anemia susceptibility in pregnant Indian women. Genetic screening may support early anemia detection and targeted interventions. Further large-scale studies are warranted to validate these findings and guide public health strategies.

Parasitic infection is a major cause of infertility in small ruminants. This study aimed to assess the association between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurements, testicular morphometrics, and sperm quality in parasitized goats. Thirty-eight intact mature Spanish bucks were allowed to graze on a naturally parasitically infected pasture for 3 months. Nineteen bucks were dewormed regularly (healthy group), while the other 19 bucks did not receive any anthelmintics (parasitized group). Fecal and blood samples were collected weekly to assess fecal egg count (FEC) and packed cell volume (PCV), respectively. Based on the size and morphology of the parasite eggs, they were presumptively identified as Haemonchus contortus. At the end of the grazing period, bucks were slaughtered, and testicles and epididymis were collected for analysis. In addition, BIA was applied to each testicle to measure series resistance (Rs) and reactance (Xc). Epididymal spermatozoa were retrieved and evaluated for motility, viability, morphology, and membrane and acrosome integrities. Data was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U and Pearson Correlation Coefficient tests. The results showed that Rs (169.41 ± 1.76 Ω vs. 235.21 ± 20.21 Ω), Xc (37.55 ± 0.48 Ω vs. 52.08 ± 4.68 Ω), testicular and epididymis weights and lengths, sperm motility, viability, and membrane and acrosome integrities were lower (p < 0.0001) in parasitized than in healthy goats. Strong correlations (p < 0.001) were observed between Rs, sperm viability (r = 0.20), membrane integrity (r = 0.15), and acrosome integrity (r = 0.14), as well as between Xc and the same sperm parameters (r = 0.21, 0.18, and 0.16, respectively). In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that parasitic infection is associated with testicular health and subsequent epididymal sperm quality of goats. BIA can be utilized as an efficient tool to predict the impact of parasitic infection on testicular function in goats.

Beta-thalassemia is a genetic blood disease that impacts the production of hemoglobin, resulting in observable alterations in the nature of blood cells. This paper examines complete blood count (CBC) measures in children with beta-thalassemia and compares them to those of healthy children to have a better understanding of the hematological alterations. The participants were selected to conduct the study from March to December 2024 in the Central Teaching Hospital of Pediatrics, Baghdad, and included 70 children with beta-thalassemia and 30 healthy control participants. CBC tests were done using the Shemzo automated analyzer, and the results were evaluated through p-values. Children with beta-thalassemia showed higher levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and red blood cell distribution width (RDW-CV) than controls (P = 0.002, P &lt; 0.001, P = 0.001, and P &lt; 0.001, respectively). However, hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels were markedly reduced, along with significant changes in other CBC components including mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, (P &lt; 0.001, P = 0.001). Closer monitoring of certain CBC values may help improve diagnosis and clinical management for affected children.