Helpless Condition Research Articles

Slapstick in the Wayang Kulit Arena: Gender Domination Practices Lead to Symbolic Violence

<p>This paper aims to explain the phenomenon of <em>dagelan</em> dalang and sinden in Yogyakarta's shadow puppet <em>limbukan</em> scene. <em>Dagelan</em> in Wayang is a humor/joke show to entertain the audience, usually done by dalang with sinden. For some people, <em>dagelan</em> is commonplace because it is generally presented in <em>limbukan</em> scenes for entertainment. However, <em>dagelan</em> in the <em>limbukan</em> section is not just entertainment but causes symbolic exploitation of sinden by the puppeteer with his various practices. Of course, this phenomenon is very paradoxical; on the one hand, the existence of sinden is significant because it supports the success of the shadow puppet show last night, but on the other hand, sinden becomes a victim of ridicule/laughter in a helpless condition because it is dominated and controlled by the puppeteer. The audience and group members even confirmed this dominance. In <em>limbukan</em> scenes, a sinden follows the puppeteer's instructions to sing a song while standing up and dancing. In addition, sinden is also the object of entertainment and even mockery of the mastermind with verbal and nonverbal language that causes discomfort. This is symbolic violence because sinden is a victim of entertainment exploitation. The conclusion shows that the extended exploitation of the mastermind against the sinden in the <em>limbukan</em> scene occurred because of the position of the sinden in a weak place in the ownership of capital compared to the mastermind. Sinden, however, is a part of the domination by the mastermind. On the contrary, puppeteers have various capital to become the dominant class with dominance and power. This leads to symbolic violence by the mastermind against Sinden and can even lead to mental violence.</p>

Psychology in Tamil Folk Songs

All Tamil literature is a gift given to us by our forefathers. All literature expresses the life values of the people. In this way, folk literature, which is unwritten literature, reflects human feelings. A man expresses his subconscious thoughts and beliefs through folk literature. In folk literature that includes folk songs, folk tales, fables, proverbs, etc., man expresses his life experiences from birth to death. Folk In literature, man expresses his life records from birth to death. In lullabies, events such as a mother's love for her child and making children realise the importance of relatives are important to human life. The way agriculture is expressed in special kummi songs, the subconscious impressions of man through faith in God, the subconscious impressions of man through themangu songs, the expression of male and female relationships through themangu songs, the characteristics of grooms who collect dowry from women through marriage, and indicate social disorders This review article is intended to reveal women lamenting the loss of their mothers in the metaphorical songs that express their characteristics at the end of human life, and women who have lost their husbands are marginalised in society due to their helpless condition.

Уголовно-правовые и криминологические аспекты детоубийства в английской системе права

The paper considers the criminal-legal and criminological aspects of killing by a mother of her newborn child (neonaticide crimes). The urgency of the research is caused by the application of the experience of foreign schools in the domestic legal science. The scientific thought of the Anglo-Saxon legal school has achieved considerable results in the sphere of preventing such social phenomenon as neonaticide; however, in the domestic scientific literature, these achievements did not find proper representation. The paper covers the study of neonaticide in the Anglo-Saxon scientific literature. The authors summarize the results of the studies covering the issues of classification and prevention of neonaticide in Anglo-Saxon law. Based on the provisions of Anglo-Saxon law, the authors review the terminology of this phenomenon. The paper analyzes the issues of state prosecution in the cases of neonaticide. The authors note the multiplicity of interpretations of the elements of this crime; identify the contradictions in American and English judicial practice. The study shows that the Anglo-Saxon legal system pays attention to the psychological state of a parturient woman and other elements of the subjective aspect of a crime. Minimizing the severity of criminal punishment for the neonaticide crimes taking into account the psychological state of a parturient woman contributes to strengthening the criminal protection of the life of newborns. The definition of the situation of the commission of a crime, the sequence of actions of a guilty person when preparing and executing the infanticide is valuable for the domestic science. In the structure of the way of committing a crime, the authors specify the actions of causing fatal injuries to a newborn, show the differences of this crime from the abandonment of a child in a helpless condition. Other actions specific to a neonaticide crime are specified. The authors conclude that for the domestic criminology, measures used in the countries of the Anglo-Saxon law system are applicable. Preventive measures include wide social assistance to women of reproductive age. To the opinion of scientists dealing with Anglo-Saxon law, compulsory education of young women on the issues of sexual health is an effective prophylaxis direction. Such prophylaxis direction is also applicable in the domestic practice.

Assessment of Financial Ratio Analysis for Evaluation of Small Medium Enterprises (SME) Performance

This exploration depends on the improvement of small and medium ventures (SMEs) in Indonesia that has never been isolated from the monetary administration issues of this substance. The exhibition of SME finance is not just in the examination of its budget summaries. Nevertheless, the further investigation ought to be completed to survey whether the presence of this element is supposed to be achievable or not. Financial Ratio is one of the techniques that can be utilized to evaluate the financial presentation of SMEs. This exploration means deciding the evaluation of SMEs' financial presentation, particularly in the chosen family industry, to be specific Ramayana Agro Mandiri. Where this evaluation depends on the examination of financial proportions in the SME budget reports. Time series examination was picked as an information investigation strategy utilized by contrasting financial proportions in a specific period for this situation fiscal reports. The proportions chose in this examination include liquidity ratio (current ratio and fast ratio), leverage ratio (debt ratio and debt to capital ratio), activity ratio (inventory turnover, fixed asset turnover, total asset turnover, receivables turnover, and average billing period), as well as profitability ratio (gross profit margin, net profit margin, ROA, and ROE), just as to benefit proportion (net revenue, overall net revenue, ROA, and ROE). The estimation results show that the liquidity level of SME is enormous (over liquidity), the degree of influence is minimal, so the danger of the organization is additionally exceptionally low, just as the degree of action and productivity of the organization in helpless condition because of the diminishing in deals and benefit over the most recent two years.

The essence of a helpless state of a person as an important component in the investigation of crimes

The modern legal framework, despite the definition of a helpless state in the corresponding provisions of criminal, administrative, and civil legislation, does not answer the question of what exactly should be understood by such a state due to the lack of any definitions or interpretations of this concept. This determines the relevance of this study. The purpose of this study is to develop an interpretation of a helpless or other life-threatening condition, with the subsequent possibility of the corresponding improvement of the current legislation of Ukraine. The leading method of research is the method of comparative legal analysis. The study analyses the definitions of the concept of a helpless state of a person available in legal and scientific sources. Based on the results of the study, the author’s position on the essence of the concept of a helpless state is presented. The causes that can act as factors of a helpless state are identified. It is noted that the helpless state of a person, under certain conditions, can transform into a dangerous state of a person, as a result of which there is a threat of violation of citizens’ rights. The authors conclude that a helpless state is not only a physical or mental state in which a person can be located, but also a physiological state (psychophysiological), as its factor, acts as a component of the content of a helpless state. Identification of the scope and content of the rights of citizens in need of external security due to the presence of the relevant citizens, owners of these rights in a helpless or other life-threatening state, another task of solving which requires prior clarification of the essence of the helpless state or related states. Based on the analysis, the authors propose an original definition of the helpless state, as well as determine its features

Drown Alerting, Preventing And Autonomous Rescue System using Ardiuno, Tacticle switche (weight sensors) and Artificial Intelligence

This paper introduces a novel method of automatic lifesaving swimming pool design to save a drowning victim in a helpless condition by using latest ardiuno(IoT) processor board and the framework. This method utilizes artificial intelligence to save drowning victims without the need of a life-guard(human intervention) from fatal death and also associated specific alerting mechanisms like a loudspeaker. In the present paper, a swimming pool framework is proposed with a responsive elevator assebly surface which is covering entire pool bottom, housing several weight sensitive waterproofed tactical switches arranged to sense any individual or any object incidence(falling) on bottom of the pool ,and associated alerting devices like loud speakers, and a drain motor control.The automatic rescue designs have not been tried succesfull so far in literature effectively so far. The present design delt with simplest algorithm and latest mechanical supporting strucures, and fast responding ardiuno processor. The finished prototype has given promising results in solving defined problem.

Robust Drown Alerting, Preventing and Autonomous Rescue System

Abstract This paper introduces a novel method of automatic life-saving mechanism to save a drowning victim in a helpless condition. The realization of this method may be done by an Arduino Board or an embedded microcontroller. This method utilizes artificial intelligence to save drowning victims from fatal death and rings a loudspeaker.

Blood Pressure, Heart Beat and Body Temperature Measurement by Using GSM and Low-Cost Microcontroller with Health Care Announcement

The movement of aged people or physically handicapped people and the people suffering from some serious diseases are usually confined to their homes and the other live with that chronic disease out of home, due to their health conditions. They are placed into a helpless or unable condition when they need to go out play with their friends and also not allowed for small tasks to do and totally placed in unworthy condition. This paper deals with The Design and Development of an Arduino based Microcontroller and GSM network Enabled Embedded System for Blood Pressure, Heart Beat and Body Temperature Monitoring, and Body balance and flexing system with ECG Signal Monitoring and The proposed system uses GPRS mobile communication system to check the patient’s abnormality within that of simulated biomedical parameters result. The normal or abnormal change in the values of reading in any of these parameters from their current reading values will be sensed immediately and health care help is given by the nearby people of family member or doctor. If there is no health care or help, the system sends a GPRS message directly to a family member, doctor, or caretaker’s mobile phone. It is a bi-directional communication system in which the caretaker/doctor, at any time, can send SMS to know the present status of a patient.

The Joint Use of Peculiarities of Such Elements as the “Use of Violence” and “Abuse of Helpless Condition of the Victim” When Qualifying the Acts Provided for under Articles 131 and 132 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

The authors examine peculiarities of interpretation of the concepts of the “use of violence” and “abuse of helpless state of the victim” as alternative constructive elements of a rape and sexual violence envisaged by law. The article examines the possibility of simultaneous imputation of the above-mentioned characteristics when classifying a uniform (single) violent sexual assault. To this end, the authors are analyzing the ways proposed by the theory of law to resolve this problem, studying certain provisions of the acts of the Supreme and Constitutional Courts of the Russian Federation, judgments and other instruments of the courts of general jurisdiction. As a result of the conducted research the authors justify the necessity of joint imputation of elements of the “use of violence” and “abuse of helpless condition of the injured person” in case of their presence in acts of the guilty person who has committed the crime under Art. 131 or 132 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In addition, it is concluded that the joint use of these elements in the necessary situations provides a more accurate assessment of the violent sexual crime, which, in turn, affects the imposition of a fair punishment.

A System of Sexual Offenses (In the Context of an Explanatory Note to Article 131 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)

The purpose of the Paper is to analyze the current system of crimes against sexual freedom and sexual inviolability in the context of the Explanatory Note to Article 131 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The Explanatory Note contains Requirements to qualify dissolute acts (Para 2-4 of Article 135 of the RF Criminal Code), sexual intercourse and other acts of a sexual nature (Para 3-5 Article 134 of the RF Criminal Code) committed against persons under the age of twelve in accordance with Article 131(4)(b) or Article 132(4) as rape or sexual assault, i.e. the most dangerous sexual offenses, which gives rise to various assessments. The mere transformation of qualification of the acts in question is defined by the introduction of the so-called "age of absolutely unacceptable consent" of a person to engage in sexual intercourse or other sexual activity. In revealing the effects of the transformation, the author shows that now Chapter 18 of the RF Criminal Code contains two systems of crimes against minors, namely, a complete and truncated systems. The truncated system has been formed due to recognizing the sexual offenses committed against persons under the age of twelve as violent. This approach is far from being obvious. The second research issue is associated with the evaluation of normative grounds of compliance the provisions contained in the Explanatory Note with the provisions of Article 8 of the RF Criminal Code. The establishment of the grounds is complicated because the text of the Explanatory Note combines at least two Articles of Chapter 18 of the RF Criminal Code. It is necessary to evaluate the conformity of the characteristics of the act with the characteristics of an objective and subjective elements of non-violent sexual intercourse, certain acts of sexual nature or dissolute acts, i.e. any offense under Articles 134 or 135 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Then, on the ground of the victim's helpless condition it is possible to qualify the act under Article 131(4)(b) of the RF Criminal Code or Article 132(4)(b) of the RF Criminal Code. The issues of qualification are being dealt with in the light of Recommendations determined in the Decision of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of December 4, 2014, № 16 "On Court practice in cases involving crimes against sexual integrity and sexual freedom of the individual» that did not, however, deal with some complicated cases. Lack of recommendations is particularly obvious concerning the qualification of dissolute acts committed against persons under the age of twelve in accordance with Article 132 of the RF Criminal Code.

Stormy Sunset: Old age and recluse: A Study on elderly people in Karbi Anglong district of Assam, A case study of Diphu Town

This paper intends to investigate the plight and predicament of the elderly people in a certain geographical area (Karbi Anglong District of Assam). Given the increasing plight of elderly people in today's materialistic world wherein love, care, dedication and selfless efforts of the parents get a severe nudge by their own children, the question that occupies us to search out the reasons for such frailty in human nature. A couple of factors interplay in such disorder and decline of human values that figure out in the literature as well as the micro level research that we have conducted in the course of the study. The helpless condition of the elders and their broken mind in most cases lie in their private life due to the embarrassment and pain attached to it. Though the problem is psycho social, none can ignore economic and cultural factors also to understand the problem. Karbi Anglong district is inhabited predominantly by the tribal population along with the significant presence of diverse communities. It is observed that the marginalization, abuses and torture on the elders are aplenty on the communities like Assamese, Bengali, Bihari etc. and this prompted us to concentrate our study on the aforesaid groups.

Social Inequality: A Multidimensional Study of Some Selective Works

This paper focuses on the concept of social inequality from the point of view of critical analysis of some poems, fiction and non-fictional prose. It brings into light the prevalent caste system in the society and tries to find its root. Not only this, the aim of this paper is to highlight the condition of the women in the society from the point of view of feminism. Through the critical analysis of the literary writings, this paper draws one’s attention to the process of horizon making by representing the fact behind all binary oppositions like male/female; civilized/uncivilized etc. To reach at the above mentioned goal, this paper takes into account the writings of Jotirao Phule’s “Caste Laws”(essays), Prem Chand’s “Deliverance”(fiction), Hira Bansode’s “Bosom Friend”, Jamaica Kincaid’s “Girl” (prose monologue),and Amitav Ghosh’s “Count Down” (nonfiction) etc. It tries to find out the location of the subaltern group in the society. It shows the helpless condition of this group who remains detached from the main current of the society and remains as a silent group. Jotirao Phule’s essay “Caste Laws” discusses the social inequality from the point of view of mythical and historical context. This work puts into question the binary opposition of Devas/Daityas as it has been depicted in the Hindu mythologies and also tries to forward a solution of this caste problem. On the other hand, Hira Bansode’s “Bosom Friend” brings into light the demarcative attitude of the educated people in this modern era. Jamaica Kincaid’s “Girl” focuses on the conservative attitude of the society towards girl. And Premchand’s fiction “Deliverance” focuses on the caste system and the hypocrisy of Brahmanism representing the happenings in the life of Dukhi, a character in the story. Thus this paper analyses social inequality as it has been depicted in various literary writings from different perspectives.

PD-1-mediated deletion induces tolerance of CD8 T cell response specific for H60 under helpless condition (P2225)

Abstract H60 is a dominant minor H antigen, for which specific CD8 T cell response dominates over those for other minor H antigens in B6 anti-BALB.B response. The specific CD8 T cell response for H60 is CD4 help-dependent, as burst expansion of the specific cells during the primary and memory responses occurs only when CD4 T cell activation accompanies. When the CD4 help is not provided, primary expansion was limited and, then, recall expansion of the specific CD8 T cells is impaired even when the CD4 help is provided during the memory response. This tolerance phenomenon was ascribed to intrinsic property of H60-specific CD8 T cells activated under the helpless condition. The H60-specific CD8 T cells activated under helpless condition could develop into functionally active effector cells, migrating to inflamed sites. However, they were more prone to cell death with up-regulation of PD-1 on the H60-specific CD8 T cells activated under helpless condition. Recall expansion of H60-specific CD8 T was restored in the PD-1 deficient mice that had been primed under helpless condition, suggesting the significance of negative regulation by PD-1 in the tolerance induction of H60-specific CD8 T cell response after the helpless priming. These results will provide useful information for induction of tolerance after allogeneic transplantation.

Lack of CD4 help induces tolerance of CD8 T cell response for H60, a dominant minor histocompatibility antigen. (169.46)

Abstract Mismatch on minor histocompatibility (H) antigens is a major obstacle for the success of transplantation between MHC-matched individuals, generating CD4 and CD8 T cell responses specific for the disparate allo-minor H antigens. H60 is a dominant minor H antigen, for which specific CD8 T cell response dominates over those for other minor H antigens in B6 anti-BALB.B response. In our previous study, the H60-specific CD8 T cell response was found to be Th dependent, requiring CD4 T cell activation for both the primary and memory expansion. Here, we show that CD4 help deficiency during the induction of the H60-specific CD8 T cell response not only forbids the primary blast expansion but also prevents the specific memory response development, implying the tolerance induction of the H60 specific CD8 T cells under helpless condition. H60-specific CD8 T cells activated under the helpless condition were more prone to cell death than those under helped condition. Tolerance induction on the H60-specific CD8 T cells rendered the total CD8 T cell immunity of B6 mice to BALB.B to be diminished, while it remained unaffected by matching on H60. The results demonstrate that CD4 help provision influences CD8 immunity against minor H antigens and suggest that tolerance of CD8 T cell response to dominant antigen would be applicable for controlling transplantation rejection or GVHD.

PSYCHOANAL YTIC LITERARY CRITICISM OF AMERICAN ROMANTICISM LITERATURE AS REFLECTED IN NARRATIVE OF THE LIFE OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS

One of the most prominent themes in the Narrative involves the association of literacy with freedom. Within the context of Afro-American literature, slave narratives have attracted a great deal attention in recent criticism due to the fact that they represent the origins of the desire to search for an appointment and represent vehicle to portray the reality of Black identity. In this paper, it merely focuses on the psychological aspects of Frederick Douglass to escape from slavery influenced by the romantic era. In this work, instead of telling his life in a set of events, Frederick Douglass wrote in aform of an autobiography in which he could put forward his feelings-regret, fear, sadness, hope and enthusiasm, love, and despair personally. It shows how instead of sinking him to a weak and helpless condition, Douglass's feelings make him strong and firm to determine his path to gain freedom. That is the characteristic of romantic feelings.

An Avoidable Death in Police Custody?

An obviously inebriated 36-year-old man was found in a helpless condition on a pavement. When he was brought to a police station, a doctor certified the individual to be fit to be held in custody. He was unresponsive when the officers tried to wake him the next morning but was allowed to sleep on until he was found dead in his cell at mid day. An autopsy revealed as cause of death an epidural hematoma and cerebral contusion with fracture of the calvarium. The expert report stressed the point that the monitoring of the state of consciousness had been objectively insufficient throughout the entire time period, both in terms of frequency as well as in terms of the monitoring methods. However, neither the police officers involved nor the doctor, was subjected to prosecution mainly because of the high burden of proof required by German criminal law. The article will discuss conclusions for the avoidance of such deaths (such as training of police officers, legal regulations on monitoring procedures, etc).

HIV–Related Risk Behaviors among Female Sex Workers in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

This study quantitatively and qualitatively described HIV risk behaviors among Vietnamese female sex workers (FSWs) who work at three distinct venues in Ho Chi Minh City: street, massage parlors, and bars/clubs. Although 35% of the participants had never been tested for HIV, 18% of street and 7% of bar/club FSWs reported being positive. Almost all massage parlor FSWs had never used a condom for oral sex. Inconsistent condom use for vaginal sex with customers was more prevalent among bar/club FSWs (85%) than massage parlor (72%) and street FSWs (68%). Many participants reported difficulties in negotiating condom use with customers because of economic pressure, maintaining relationships, and lack of bargaining power. Bar/club FSWs revealed a difficult situation where drinking is part of their work. Thirty percent of street FSWs had injected drugs and reported addiction to heroin in relation to their helpless condition as FSWs. Street FSWs had the lowest levels of self-esteem and norms toward practicing safe sex and the highest levels of economic pressure. This study recommends future HIV prevention programs for FSWs in Vietnam that target their specific risk behaviors and work environments.

Pestalozzijeva zamisel vzgoje

Ob 250. obletnici rojstva Johanna Heinricha Pestalozzija znova obujamo njegovo idejo vzgoje, iz katere črpajo domala vsi, ki se ukvarjajo z vzgojo. Pestalozzijevo prepričanje, da ima vsak človek pravico do vzgoje in izobrazbe, ker mu je edino s tem omogočeno dostojno življenje, je preživelo svoj čas in je aktualno tudi danes. Ob vdiranju računalniške tehnologije v vse plasti življenja namreč zlahka prepoznamo enako stisko preprostega človeka, ki je zaradi neprimerne vzgoje in izobrazbe odrinjen na družbeni rob. Osnovno gibalo Pestalozzijevega razmišljanja o vzgoji je ogorčenje nad brezizhodnim položajem tistega dela prebivalstva, ki zaradi neprimerne izobrazbe ni moglo uveljaviti niti svojih osnovnih človekovih pravic. Pestalozzijevo vzgojno teorijo bi lahko strnili v besede: spoznati, hoteti, storiti. Človek mora razviti najmanj tri lastnosti: zmožnost da se otrese zmedenih vtisov in se dokoplje do jasnih predstav, zmožnost uporabiti svobodno voljo in zmožnost za samouresničevanje.

Still Saving the Life of Ethics

Still Saving the Life of Ethics Back when medicine was saving the life of and offering refuge to moral philosophers, who brought with them their exotic languages and customs (but alas no cuisine), and committees across the land were gathering around insensate patients, incanting words like deontology, teleology, beneficence, autonomy, and paternalism, the textbooks were of the trickle-down variety, presenting lofty moral principles as decision-making guides for resolving specific dilemmas in the clinical setting. Fine examples of such books continue to be issued and reissued, but as James Childress acknowledges: The difficult question is not whether to invoke or apply principles and rules but rather which rules and principles should be adopted, how they should be interpreted, how much weight and strength they should be accorded, which have priority in a conflict, and in what relations and situations they apply. (In Robert M. Veatch, ed., Cross Cultural Perspectives in Medical Ethics: Readings. Boston: Jones and Bartlett, 1989.) One recent book starts at the bottom, at the case level, and therefore is no less than revolutionary: Albert R. Jonsen and Stephen Toulmin's Abuse of Casuistry (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988). Its title seems designed to send it slipping into obscurity--which would be a shame, I think, because the book provides a kind of basic science for practitioners of clinical ethics. Elegantly written and scholarly, it traces casuistry from its rise in classical Greco-Roman times through several centuries of Christianity to its corruption and dishonor under the scornful gaze of Pascal in the seventeenth century. Casuistry, in the authors' words, is: the analysis of moral issues, using procedures of reasoning based on paradigms and analogies, leading to the formulation of expert opinions about the existence and stringency of particular moral obligations, framed in terms of rules or maxims that are general but not universal or invariable, since they hold good with certainty only in the typical conditions of the agent and circumstances of action. They trace this form of practical reasoning (phronesis) to Aristotle, who believed that ethics deals with a multitude of particular concrete situations, which are themselves so variable that they resist all attempts to generalize about them in universal terms. It is similar to the reasoning of the Talmud, case law, and general medical decisionmaking, which is why it serves clinical so well. In matters of putting off and bringing on death, the most important recent publication took place not in a medical or ethical journal but in the record of the United States Supreme Court, when it decided the Cruzan case. Although legal scholars are giddy about the Court's discovery of a Constitutional right to refuse medical attention even where it could prolong or save one's life, the discovery is less significant to physicians and patients, since the right has been confirmed again and again in courts and legislatures around the country and endorsed by authoritative medical societies. The damage the Court has done in Cruzan is to allow states to impose and standards that in my view could be impossible to meet even with duly executed living wills. For example, Mary O'Connor, a New York hospital worker, repeatedly told friends and family that she would not want to be kept alive by medical interventions if she were in a helpless condition similar to those which she witnessed daily. But her statements were deemed by the court to be unclear and unconvincing because she did not predict her own circumstances with sufficient exactitude. If a medically experienced person cannot find words that meet the clear and convincing standard, who can? …

Sex role identity and the decision to regain control among women: a learned helplessness investigation.

In an investigation focusing on women's attempts to regain control of their environments, women from four sex role identity groups underwent either an initial loss of control (helpless) or control (nonhelpless) experience. Subsequently, they were allowed to choose their role in a team problem-solving task. They could either (a) have total control over the team's decisions, (b) have no control over the team's decisions, or (c) not participate in the task. Compared to women low on masculinity, women high on masculinity chose to be in control of team problem-solving in both the helpless and nonhelpless conditions. Particularly striking, none of the 14 feminine-sex-typed women chose to control the team's decisions in the helpless condition, whereas 10 of the 14 masculine-sex-typed women made this choice. Results are discussed relative to the high rates of depression among women.