Heavy Work Research Articles

Joint associations of psychological distress and working conditions with sickness absence in Finland

Abstract Background Psychological distress has increased remarkably, especially among younger age groups, during the last years. Both psychological distress and exposure to strenuous working conditions are known risk factors for sickness absence (SA). We examined whether psychological distress and working conditions are jointly associated with SA periods of 1-7 days and 8+ days among young and midlife Finnish employees. Methods We linked survey data from the Helsinki Health Study cohort from 2017 (response rate 51.5%) with the employer’s SA register for the City of Helsinki, Finland (82% consented to the linkage; n = 3949, 80% women, age 19-39 years). Mean follow-up time was 2.1 years. We calculated rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for SA periods of 1-7 days and 8+ days using negative binomial regression models among participants with and without psychological distress, and with and without exposure to strenuous working conditions. Psychological distress was measured with the emotional wellbeing subscale of RAND-36 (cut-off 60 points). Working conditions included physical and mental strenuousness of work and hours per day spent in heavy physical work. Results Participants with psychological distress and exposure to strenuous working conditions had the highest age- and gender-adjusted RRs for SA periods of ≥ 8 days (physically strenuous work: RR: 2.38, CI: 1.97-2.88; mentally strenuous work: RR: 2.08, CI: 1.72-2.53; ≥3 h per day spent in physical work: RR: 2.48, CI: 2.01-3.06), the interactions being additive. The associations were weaker for SA periods of 1-7 days. Adjusting for marital and employment status, education, alcohol use, smoking and body mass index only slightly attenuated these associations. Conclusions Psychological distress and exposure to strenuous working conditions were additively associated with SA. Both individual- and workplace-related risk factors for SA are important to be considered when planning preventive actions. Key messages • Young and early midlife Finnish employees with simultaneous psychological distress and exposure to strenuous working conditions had the highest rates of SA periods, the interactions being additive. • Both psychological distress and exposure to strenuous physical and mental working conditions should be considered when planning preventive actions to reduce employees’ SA.

Heavy Work Investment (HWI) and Its Effect on Employees’ Physical and Mental Health

Abstract Background Economic reality and centrality of work have led to employees investing much time and effort in work. However, The number of hours spent at work may not be the only explanation, and other characteristics, such as type of work, employees’ personality, economic status, motivations, etc., need to be considered. The Heavy Work Investment model (Snir & Harpaz, 2012) considers these variables and classifies employees into four types of investors. This study examines the physical and mental health consequences of each HWI group. Methods Participants (N = 962) were workers who came to a medical center for annual medical screenings. About 70% were males, and the average age was 50.13 years (SD = 9.53). They divided into 5 groups: Typical full-time workers (N = 208, 29.2%), ‘Needy’ (N = 111, 15.6%), ‘Employer directed’ (N = 111, 15.6%), ‘Workaholic’ (N = 192, 26.9%) and ‘Work devoted’ (N = 91, 12.7%). The personal data was cross-referenced with the respondents’ health data. Differences for categorical variables were examined with Chi-square analyses. Results ‘Employer-directed’ employees, more than ‘work-devoted’ employees, perceived their health status as preventing them from performing mild activities. ‘Employer-directed’ and ‘needy’ employees, more than ‘work-devoted’ employees, perceived their health status as interfering with their social activities and their pain as interfering with their regular activities. ‘Workaholic’ employees suffered from more diseases than ‘work-devoted’ employees, and they were found to be 3.70 times more likely to be at a high risk of cardiovascular disease than typical full-time workers. Conclusions It is possible to anticipate types of health damage according to occupation type and develop occupation-adjusted health promotion programs. It is necessary to base labor laws on protecting employees’ health, particularly regarding time and workload’ outside of work’ in both hours (additional or flexible) and location (hybrid work). Key messages • Inspire organizations to be aware of potential injuries caused by HWI and promote the creation of intervention programs, potentially significantly improving employees’ health and well-being. • Evidence for the necessary laws that protect employees’ health, particularly regarding time and workload ‘outside of work’ in both hours (additional or flexible) and location (hybrid work).

Effectiveness of heat stress interventions among outdoor workers: a protocol paper

IntroductionHeavy work in scorching temperatures can cause dehydration and heat stress, which can lead to a number of heat-related diseases. Heavy work in intense heat without rest or hydration is the main cause. The “Water, Rest, Shade” (WRS) intervention program for outdoor workers in hot weather reduces heat stress.MethodsThis study follows a quasi-experimental design involving 250 outdoor workers from both agriculture and brick kilns. To assess the environmental heat exposure levels, Quest Temp 3 M WBGT Monitor will be used. Tympanic temperature, Heart rate (HR), Sweat rate (SwR), and Urine specific gravity (USG) to assess the physiological responses to heat exposure using standard protocols. Blood samples will be collected to measure serum creatinine and calculate Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and urine samples to measure pH, leucocytes, proteinuria, and hematuria. Then administer a validated and modified HOTHAPS questionnaire to capture the perception data. After the baseline assessments, Categorize the workers into two groups based on the selection criteria and the participants’ willingness. Then provide a week-long WRS intervention to the intervention group (IG). The non-intervention group will collect the same data without any intervention to assess the efficacy of the intervention by comparing both groups and measuring outcome indicators.Expected outcomeThe study will generate much-needed information to raise awareness of the importance of heat stress prevention for outdoor workers.ConclusionThis study will demonstrate the effectiveness of an intervention, provide much-needed strategies for reducing heat stress, assess both health impacts and implementation quality, and design comprehensive workplace and labor laws aim to minimise risks to millions of unorganised outdoor workers health.

Clinicoradiological and Arthroscopic Correlation of Meniscal Injuries

Background: Menisci in knee joint serve very important functions of distributing joint stresses and stabilizing the joint. Meniscus tears are on the rise because of increased sports participation. Along with detailed history taking, the physical examination and special investigations such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are required to diagnose meniscal injuries. A diagnostic arthroscopy is considered as the gold standard. Owing to heavy work duties, overdependence on MRI without due clinical examination is on the rise. The aim of our study was to correlate the findings of clinically diagnosed meniscal tears with its radiological and arthroscopic findings and to find out the reliability of clinical examination and MRI in meniscal injuries considering arthroscopy as the gold standard. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective, longitudinal study performed over 12 months. All patients fulfilling inclusion criteria underwent clinical examination and MRI scan; the data obtained were evaluated and correlated with arthroscopic findings. Using necessary equations sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated. Results: The clinical examination showed sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 75%, 90.62%, and 83.33%, respectively, when correlated with arthroscopy. MRI scan showed sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 82.86%, 92%, and 86.67%, respectively, when correlated with arthroscopy. Conclusion: MRI and clinical examination are comparably sensitive, specific, and accurate for diagnosing meniscal injuries with a subtle preference toward MRI. Author recommends a thorough clinical examination should suffice, but having a MRI scan beforehand is always beneficial in the absence of other concerns to do MRI.

Effects of Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity on the Risk of Dementia: Results From the Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) decreases the risk of dementia, whereas occupational physical activity (OPA) possibly increases the risk. Yet, previous findings are mixed. We therefore aimed to investigate the effect of LTPA and OPA, respectively, on dementia among men and women. In this observational, longitudinal study, we used data from the second wave of a population-based cohort from the municipality of Copenhagen as baseline. Data were collected in 1981-1983, and 10 343 participants were followed until the end of 2016. LTPA and OPA were self-reported, and information on dementia diagnoses and redemption of dementia medication was obtained at an individual level from national health registers. We used Poisson regression to analyze the association between LTPA/OPA and dementia and adjusted for self-reported age, socioeconomic factors, stress, and cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, alcohol, body mass index, and blood pressure). A higher level of LTPA was associated with a lower dementia risk among men, but we found no clear association among women. OPA and dementia were not associated among men, but occupationally active women who reported OPA in terms of walking, lifting, and heavy work had a higher risk of dementia than women with sedentary jobs. This study supported earlier findings of a protective effect of LTPA on dementia among men. Women in physically demanding jobs possibly have a higher risk of dementia, yet this finding warrants further investigation in future studies.

Working conditions and health status in workers in boiler and welding production in power engineering

Introduction. Preserving the health of qualified workers of older age groups is especially important under conditions of exposure to occupational hazards. The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of occupational hazards on the development of occupational and somatic diseases among workers of various age groups in the main occupations of mechanical engineering. Materials and methods. The study tested the results of hygienic research at workplaces of an enterprise in the power engineering industry in the manufacture of welded metal structures. We assessed the health status in workers based on the results of an in-depth medical examination and ultrasound examination of the vessels of the upper extremities with assessment of blood flow indices. Using a survey method, data were obtained on assessing the influence of production factors on the health status in workers. Results. The working conditions in the main occupational workers groups were assessed as harmful grades 1–3, the priority occupational hazards were: increased noise, and at the workplaces of electric gas workers there were also fibrogenic aerosols, chemical substances, and heavy physical work. Electric and gas welders and boilermakers work in the most unfavourable conditions, about 30% of whom continue to work after reaching retirement age. We have established a significant gain in the incidence of arterial hypertension and sensorineural hearing loss among workers over 40 years of age and an increase in the prevalence of all chronic diseases in the age group over 60 years. Limitations. The study is limited by the number of workers examined and the lack of ability to assess the health status of the studied contingent of workers over time. Conclusion. In conditions of exposure to elevated noise and other occupational hazards, there is an enhancement in the prevalence of work-related and somatic diseases in workers over 40 years of age. With advancing age, the rise in the vascular resistance index is observed, however, the first signs of peripheral blood flow disturbance are often recorded at a young age. In this regard, it is necessary to introduce methods of early diagnosis and prevention of occupational and work-related pathology.

A Mobile based Decision Support System for Postural Evaluation of Agricultural Activities with Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA)

Agriculture is an unorganized sector and it is a very high drudgery prone profession due to the absence of awareness and entry of advanced agricultural technologies. Many farming activities and operations are carried out by farm workers in the agriculture sector, where they are subject to very poor working conditions which can lead to physical and mental stress. Workers in agriculture experience musculoskeletal disorders in various body parts throughout various agricultural operations. These problems are caused by heavy work loads, repetitive movements, uncomfortable postures, prolonged periods of time spent in neutral or unsupported positions and the use of conventional equipment and implements that are not ergonomically built. The ergonomic risk factors present in the workplace can be examined using various evaluation instruments to ascertain the workers abilities and drawbacks. The work-related risks are measured using the scientifically validated posture assessment instruments. Rapid entire body assessment (REBA) is a technique that assess a person’s complete body including wrists, fore arms, elbows, shoulders, neck, trunk, back, legs and knees. It uses a systematic process to find the postural musculoskeletal disorders and risks associated with the job tasks. A mobile application is developed to assess the agricultural activities on the basis of physiological analysis and postural analysis using REBA ergonomics technique. The application evaluates the drudgery involved in the agricultural work by using physical assessment followed by postural ergonomics methods and provide recommendation of correct posture to avoid developing musculoskeletal disorders.

BENEFÍCIOS DO PILATES NA DOR LOMAR.

Low back pain, also called as lumbago, often causes functional disability. It is estimated that 80 to 84% of the world´s population will, suffer an episode of low back pain at some point in their lives. It can be related to pathologies such as infection, tumor, arthritis, fracture, cauda equina syndrome, disc herniation, and lifestyle factors; smoking, diet, sedentary lifestyle, and occupation; heavy physical work, repetitive movements. Pilates is an important treatment option for people with low back pain. Created by Joseph Humbertus Pilates, Pilates is a physical exercise method that makes it possible to condition the body and mind, correct muscle imbalances, improve posture, and tone the body. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Pilates method in people with low back pain. This is a literature review based on the database pedro.org.au, which offers a specialized approach to physiotherapy research. The included studies cover, individuals aged 18 and over, ensuring the sample is composed of adults; all genders were considered in the study selection, ensuring representativity and inclusion of diverse populations.

Enhancing Work-Life Balance of Teachers in Self-Financing Schools

Introduction: Teachers contribute significantly to the growth of schools and students by determining each child's future. Teachers support young minds and help them do great things. So, a teacher's work-life balance needs to be taken care of and is a must for every teacher. The school teachers can better balance their family and work life by adopting a work-life balance strategy. In order to maintain work life balance, teachers should prioritise their time and balance their work with their family, health, holidays, and other commitments. Objectives: To study the demographic factors on stress level among teachers, to assess the variables that affect work-life balance and to determine the consequences of not maintaining the work-life balance of teachers at self-financing schools.Method: The primary data were gathered using questionnaires, and a total of 200 samples were chosen. The methodology includes specific statistical tools such as percentage analysis, chi-Square, correlation, and one-way ANOVA for analysis and interpretation. Results: The analysis suggests that the factors affecting work-life balance, including heavy household work, financial commitments, childcare challenges, lack of recognition, job dissatisfaction, and family time constraints, are significantly correlated with higher stress levels among the teachers of self-financing schools. The findings suggest that achieving work-life balance is possible with the help of school support through counseling programmes, transparent flexible working hours, and accommodating leave for family emergencies. Conclusion: Neglecting work-life balance can have a negative impact on teachers in self-financing schools, limiting their ability to manage domestic tasks, causing physical health concerns, and leading to professional and personal errors. However, teachers can truly enjoy the blessings of life by developing the necessary life coping skills to effectively manage work-life balance

Self-assessed threshold for cold temperatures and thermal insulation of clothing among poultry workers

The association between self-assessed cold threshold (CT) and thermal insulation of clothing (Icl) was analysed in 283 poultry workers in Thailand. The mean CT was 13.5 °C (range − 28–29) and the mean Icl was 1.23 clo (range 0.35–2.21). The adjusted CT remained unchanged at low Icls (0.35 through 1.25 clo) but was estimated to increase by 14.8 °C at high Icls (1.25 through 2.21 clo). Overall, CT was higher by 2.4 °C (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3–3.8) at high (≥ 1.25 clo) than that at low (< 1.25 clo) Icl, but this difference was modified by personal and work-related factors. The difference was 2.6 °C (CI 0.5–4.6) for older (30–57 y) compared to younger (18–29 y) participants, with an excess of 7.3 °C (CI 5.6–9.0) for low vs high educated participants, 2.6 °C (CI 0.5–4.8) for those doing heavy vs light work, 7.4 °C (CI 3.7–11.0) for alcohol consumers vs others, and 3.4 °C (CI 0.6–6.3) for smokers vs non-smokers. The differences were independent of personal characteristics and worksite physical conditions and were interpreted as increased cold sensitivity among subgroups with lesser stamina and poorer health. Sensitive worker subgroups should be identified, and their need for cold protection should be reviewed.

Effect of diet, vitamin D3 and other factors on genital prolapse recurrensce

&lt;p&gt;This study addresses the pressing need for further investigation into risk factors contributing to genital prolapse recurrence, with a focus on factors like younger age and body mass index (BMI) that have been confirmed in the literature. Conducted as a cross-sectional study involving 300 post-operative cases of genital prolapse patients, the case groups comprising 210 individuals received regular gynecological check-ups every six months during the initial five years post-surgery, followed by annual visits, wherein lifestyle, diet, and laboratory values were monitored and adjusted. In contrast, the control group (90 patients) did not undergo post-operative gynecological follow-up. The results indicate that weight lifting, heavy physical work, menopause, constipation, insufficient protein intake, diseases associated with prolonged cough, and BMI are strongly associated with the likelihood of recurrent genital prolapse, while a weight reduction of 5 kg or more exhibits a protective effect (p&amp;lt;0.001). The established regression model proves statistically significant, explaining 84.1% of genital prolapse recurrence factors, with a sensitivity of 84.8% and specificity of 98.8%. These findings emphasize the importance of postoperative lifestyle monitoring, nutritional guidance, and immune support to reduce the risk of genital prolapse recurrence.&lt;/p&gt;

Factors of Positive Leadership Affecting Optimistic Attitude toward Self-Efficacy in Clinic Staff in Universities

Nursing department workers are the largest group in a school clinic. They are also the most important of the human resources. The emotional burden of witnessing the stages of life is accompanied by the heavy work that creates an extremely high level of pressure. This is also an obstacle to a good doctor-patient relationship. Therefore, it emerges as an important research topic that can help to improve the situation as well as promote psychological health and self-efficacy of the school clinic staff. In order to fill in this research gap, school clinic staff of universities in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region were selected as the research participants. A total of 450 copies of the questionnaire were distributed to the potential respondents. After removing the invalid and incomplete ones, 364 valid copies were retrieved, with a retrieval rate of 81%. The collected data were tested using Amos to understand the relationships among positive leadership, optimistic attitude, and self-efficacy. As a result of the analyses, it was found out that when they have a positive attitude, leaders of the clinic staff in universities can improve the attachment and self-confidence of the school clinic staff. This encourages them to have a higher level of willingness to contribute to the development of the institution. Another finding of the study was that a university leader should adopt a hands-on, positive paradigm to enable continuous development and create a positive working environment. Finally, it was found out that if a university leader builds a positive energy network, he can improve the coherence among the staff and encourage them to be willing to contribute by modelling other workers. According to the results, it is expected that this study will help clinic staff to generate optimistic attitude which promotes self-efficacy.

A cross-sectional study to assess the risk of carpal tunnel syndrome among middle age group

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a syndrome begins with pain, numbness, and paraesthesia’s in the first three digits and the lateral half of the fourth digit with symptoms of pain at the wrist, spreading across the hand to forearm or extending beyond the elbow which progresses to hand weakness, impaired fine motor coordination, clumsiness, and eventually atrophy of the thenar muscles. Aim: The present study aims to assess the risk of carpel tunnel syndrome among middle age group. Methods: In this study Non-Experimental Research study design and random sampling technique is used and a total of 601 samples were assessed. Questionnaire and physical examination related carpel tunnel syndrome are assessed. Results: The age were grouped into 25-35 yrs (60.7%) and 36-45 yrs (38.2%). The occupation was categorised as sedentary (23%), moderate workers (50%) and heavy workers (25.8%0. The mean risk score is 10(78.5%). There is a significant association between moderate workers and overweight category fall into the high risk of carpel tunnel syndrome. Conclusion: The study concluded that people who work moderately in the fields of IT. Teaching. Administrative Staff. Tailoring associated with overweight showed high risk for carpel tunnel syndrome.

Promoting gender equity in a home visits programme: a qualitative study in Northern Nigeria

BackgroundGender inequities remain critical determinants influencing maternal health. Harmful gender norms and gender-based violence adversely affect maternal health. Gendered division of labour, lack of access to and control of resources, and limited women’s decision-making autonomy impede women’s access to maternal healthcare services. We undertook a cluster randomized controlled trial of universal home visits to pregnant women and their spouses in one local government area in Bauchi State, North-Eastern Nigeria. The trial demonstrated a significant improvement in maternal and child health outcomes and male knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. This paper qualitatively evaluates gender equity in the home visits programme.MethodsThe research team explored participants’ views about gender equity in the home visits programme. We conducted nine key informant interviews with policymakers and 14 gender and age-stratified focus group discussions with men and women from visited households, with women and men home visitors and supervisors, and with men and women community leaders. Analysis used an adapted conceptual framework exploring gender equity in mainstream health. A deductive thematic analysis of interviews and focus group reports looked for patterns and meanings.ResultsAll respondents considered the home visits programme to have a positive impact on gender equity, as they perceived gender equity. Visited women and men and home visitors reported increased male support for household chores, with men doing heavy work traditionally pre-assigned to women. Men increased their support for women’s maternal health by paying for healthcare and providing nutritious food. Households and community members confirmed that women no longer needed their spouses’ permission to use health services for their own healthcare. Households and home visitors reported an improvement in spousal communication. They perceived a significant reduction in domestic violence, which they attributed to the changing attitudes of both women and men due to the home visits. All stakeholder groups stressed the importance of engaging male spouses in the home visits programme.ConclusionThe home visits programme, as implemented, contributed to gender equity.

The Prevalence of Self-Exploitation in Media Production: Analyzing the Impact of Technological and Societal Transformations

The development of science and technology and the changes of society have given a new look to traditional conceptual work. The developed network and ubiquitous communication have broken the time and space boundaries of work. Working from home has become a reality. Some people continue to predict that work will become a relaxed enjoyment. But the reality is frustrating. Not only did people not relax, but they also took on increasingly heavy work pressures. The boundaries between work and leisure are eliminated by heavy business, and the office is transformed into a place where people spend the most time. Therefore, work is no longer a pleasure, but self-exploitation behaviour. The unstable and unsafe nature of creative work in the media industry creates stress and anxiety, and the strong emotional pleasure associated with this kind of work exists. The tension between "pleasure" and "pain" in creative occupations has been fully proven. Unstable labour has now become a key feature of creative work. Creative occupations are driven by self-fulfilling desires and are places for exploitation and serious insecurity.

The Prevalence of Self-Exploitation in Media Production: Analyzing the Impact of Technological and Societal Transformations

The development of science and technology and the changes of society have given a new look to traditional conceptual work. The developed network and ubiquitous communication have broken the time and space boundaries of work. Working from home has become a reality. Some people continue to predict that work will become a relaxed enjoyment. But the reality is frustrating. Not only did people not relax, but they also took on increasingly heavy work pressures. The boundaries between work and leisure are eliminated by heavy business, and the office is transformed into a place where people spend the most time. Therefore, work is no longer a pleasure, but self-exploitation behaviour. The unstable and unsafe nature of creative work in the media industry creates stress and anxiety, and the strong emotional pleasure associated with this kind of work exists. The tension between "pleasure" and "pain" in creative occupations has been fully proven. Unstable labour has now become a key feature of creative work. Creative occupations are driven by self-fulfilling desires and are places for exploitation and serious insecurity.

Influences of Surface Texture on the Friction Characteristics of Powder Metallurgy Clutch Disks

Many studies have consistently demonstrated the positive effects of surface texture on the performance of friction couples. Circular dimple textures are made on the flat surfaces of the copper-based powder metallurgy friction disk samples from a multi-disk clutch with five different circular densities. Long-term pin-on-disk sliding experiments under different loads are conducted. Surface morphology analysis is also conducted to evaluate the wear characteristics of the sample disks. Results show that the working load does not significantly affect the coefficient of friction (COF) of the flat surface samples, but there exist significant differences of the COF at different radii with the same rotation speed. Compared with the flat surface samples, the textured samples have a 20–65% decrease of COF under light load conditions but have a more than 30% increase under heavy load conditions. Furthermore, the wear of the textured samples is substantially reduced by more than 19% and 40% respectively. Therefore, the circular dimple texture can significantly enhance the friction and wear performances of the copper-based powder metallurgy friction disks, especially under heavy load working conditions.

Efficiently assessing the early-age cracking risk of cementitious materials with a mini temperature stress testing machine

Temperature Stress Testing Machine (TSTM) is a universal testing tool for many properties relevant to early-age cracking of cementitious materials. However, the complexity of TSTMs require heavy lab work and thus hinders a more thorough parametric study on a range of cementitious materials. This study presents the development and validation of a Mini-TSTM for efficiently testing the autogenous deformation (AD), viscoelastic properties, and their combined results, the early-age stress (EAS). The setup was validated through systematic tests of EAS, AD, elastic modulus, and creep. Besides, the heating/cooling capability of the setup was examined by tests of coefficient of thermal expansion by temperature cycles. The results of EAS correspond well to that of AD, which qualitatively validates the developed setup. To quantitatively validate the setup, a classical viscoelastic model was built, based on the scenario of a 1-D uniaxial restraint test, to predict the EAS results with the tested AD, elastic modulus, and creep of the same cementitious material as the input. The predicted EAS matched the testing results of Mini-TSTM with good accuracy in 6 different cases. The viscoelastic model also provided quantitative explanations for why variations in early AD do not influence the EAS results. The testing and modelling results together validate the developed Mini-TSTM setup as an efficient tool for studying early-age cracking of cementitious materials. At the end, the potential limitations of the Mini-TSTM are discussed and its applicability for concrete with aggregate size up to 22 mm is demonstrated.

Work Fatigue among Women Fish Processors on the South Coast of Jember District, Indonesia

Introduction: Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) problems need to be addressed because the cause of the high number of work accidents is work fatigue. One of the factors that causes work fatigue is workload. Coastal women, who are identified as a marginal group with a low level of education, have a large role in fishing households and have a high workload. This research aims to analyze work fatigue based on workload. Methods: This research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The respondents involved were fishermen's wives who lived in the research locus (Puger District). The number of respondents in this study was 75 people using proportional stratified random sampling techniques. The quantitative data collected include sociodemographic factors, namely demographic factors (age and body mass index) and work factors (work period, workload, and work climate), as well as work fatigue factors. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and measurements. The data in this study were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient test which was presented in table form accompanied by narrative. Results: The results show that 44.0% have a level of heavy work fatigue. The risk factors of age, working time, and workload have a significant relationship with work fatigue at work. Body mass index (BMI) and work climate were not significantly related to work fatigue. Conclusion: The high workload of women fish processors causes a lot of work fatigue, so it requires attention from industry owners to manage working time.

Quantification of physiological and mental workloads of faster and slower finishers of a long-distance military training activity

BackgroundLong-distance runs with equipment are practised in military training establishments to develop physical stamina and prepare for battles. A study was planned to quantify and compare the physiological and mental...