Heavy Metals Plumbum Research Articles

The Potential of Heavy Metal Plumbum (Pb) Degradation Agents in Composted Raw Materials from Inked Paper Waste

The pre-composting process of inked waste paper serves to reduce Pb levels in compost raw materials in the form of inked waste paper by using Pb (lead) degradation agents in the form of corn cob charcoal, activated charcoal, PGPR and cow rumen liquor. This study intends to ensure the quality of waste compost materials in the form of inked waste paper after being given pb degradation agents. Pb test using AAS (Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometer) method and cellulolytic bacteria test using pour plate method. The data were statistically tested with Anova and LSD advanced tests. From the results of observations, it was known that the provision of Pb degradations agents in the form of activated charcoal and PGPR has a significant effect on Pb levels and has met SNI 19-7030-2004. Meanwhile, the highest number of cellulolytic bacteria was found in the treatment of giving cow rumen liquor followed by PGPR treatment

ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF MEDICINAL VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS OF THE VORONEZH REGION ON THE EXAMPLE OF FLOWERS OF A TANSY ORDINARY

The article addresses to the problems of contamination by heavy metals of herbal substances in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The object of the study was Tanacetum Vulgare gathered in urban and agro-ecosystems exposed to anthropogenic impact. The research was conducted by atomic absorption spectrophotometric method, using the MGA-915MD atomic absorption spectrometer in accordance with pharmacopoeia method. The study gave consideration to 51 samples of Tanacetum Vulgare contaminated by heavy metals (plumbum, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, chromium) and arsenic. All samples meet the existing requirements, specified in reference documentation, in regards to norms of contained heavy metals (plumbum, cadmium, mercury) and aresnic. Comparing the data on the content of heavy metals in top soil of the region and the content of these elements in Tanacetum Vulgare blossoms, it can be argued that there exist some substantial physiological barriers preventing the plants from accumulation of ecotoxicants in their reproductive organs. It is most noticeable for such elements as plumbum, mercury, cadmium, cobalt and chromium. It appears that Tanacetum Vulgare is able to selectively absorb some heavy metals that penetrate into zymophore (e.g., copper and zinc) provided that their environmental content is below vital level. On the contrary, when the content of such elements in top soil was considerable, the plant blocked physiologically their penetration into the blossoms. Thereunder, it is fair to assume for Tanacetum Vulgare that, as a result of technological impact, the edaphotype forms and adapts to such environmental conditions. Tanacetum Vulgare blossoms accumulate toxic elements from top soil inconsiderably, which is important for procurement planning and assessment of herbal substances quality.

Analisis Pektin Albedo Buah Jeruk Pamelo sebagai Adsorben Logam Berat Timbal (Pb), Kadmium (Cd) dan Tembaga (Cu)

Pamelo citrus is a fruit plant having the potential to be developed in Indonesia. One of the centers for producing large oranges or Pamelo citrus in South Sulawesi is Pangkep Regency. One of the components of the Pamelo citrus is pectin. Pectin is a polysaccharide compound with a high molecular weight which is widely found in plants and it can absorb metals because they contain carboxylic groups. This study aimed to analyze pectin from albedo pamelo citrus fruit as an adsorbent for heavy metal plumbum (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu). The method used was atomic absorption spectrophotometer with the equation analysis of heavy metal adsorption by pectin of pamelo citrus determined by Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isothermal method. The results showed that pectin of albedo pamelo citrus following the isothermal of Freundlich adsorption which showed the adsorbent capacity of Pb, Cd and Cu with the KF values 0.561 mg/g, 0.010 mg/g and 0.066 mg/g, respectively. Meanwhile, n values were 0.823 for Pb, 0.321 for Cd and 1.121 for Cu, and in commercial pectin following the isothermal of Freundlich adsorption with the KF values of Pb, Cd and Cu were 0.650 mg/g, Cd 0.015 and Cu of 0.77 mg/g, respectively. Then the n values were 0.641 for Pb, 0.811 for Cd and 1.183 for Cu.

Analisis Pektin Albedo Buah Jeruk Pamelo sebagai Adsorben Logam Berat Timbal (Pb), Kadmium (Cd) dan Tembaga (Cu)

Pamelo citrus is a fruit plant having the potential to be developed in Indonesia. One of the centers for producing large oranges or Pamelo citrus in South Sulawesi is Pangkep Regency. One of the components of the Pamelo citrus is pectin. Pectin is a polysaccharide compound with a high molecular weight which is widely found in plants and it can absorb metals because they contain carboxylic groups. This study aimed to analyze pectin from albedo pamelo citrus fruit as an adsorbent for heavy metal plumbum (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu). The method used was atomic absorption spectrophotometer with the equation analysis of heavy metal adsorption by pectin of pamelo citrus determined by Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isothermal method. The results showed that pectin of albedo pamelo citrus following the isothermal of Freundlich adsorption which showed the adsorbent capacity of Pb, Cd and Cu with the KF values 0.561 mg/g, 0.010 mg/g and 0.066 mg/g, respectively. Meanwhile, n values were 0.823 for Pb, 0.321 for Cd and 1.121 for Cu, and in commercial pectin following the isothermal of Freundlich adsorption with the KF values of Pb, Cd and Cu were 0.650 mg/g, Cd 0.015 and Cu of 0.77 mg/g, respectively. Then the n values were 0.641 for Pb, 0.811 for Cd and 1.183 for Cu.

Identification of Heavy Metal Plumbum (Pb) in Edible Offal

Plumbum (Pb) is a heavy metal that its presence is undesirable because it can lead to the formation of residues in animal or human body which cause health problems. Pb source can be derived from disinfectant, bedding materials, corrosion equipment, paint, animal feed, water and soil. Livestock farming is difficult to avoid Pb contamination, so it is important to do research on the identification of Pb in edible animal offal (pig liver, beef cattle tripe and lamb kidney). This research is an exploratory study on 12 samples of pig liver, 12 samples of beef cattle tripe and 12 samples of lamb kidney which sold in the traditional market in Bandung, the samples were analyzed using AAS machine at Balai Penelitian Veteriner in Bogor, data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that 50% of beef cattle tripe contains residues of heavy metals Pb, accounted 0.98 ppm on average, while all samples of pig liver and lamb kidneys contain residues of heavy metals Pb with average residues 0.35 ppm and 0.50 ppm, respectively. This condition is safe because it below the MRL (Maximum Residue Limits) established by SNI which is 1.00 ppm.

Ecological patterns and adaptability of bacterial communities in alkaline copper mine drainage

Environmental gradient have strong effects on community assembly processes. In order to reveal the effects of alkaline mine drainage (AlkMD) on bacterial and denitrifying bacterial community compositions and diversity in tailings reservoir, here we conducted an experiment to examine all and core bacterial taxa and denitrifying functional genes's (nirS, nirK, nosZΙ) abundance along a chemical gradient in tailings water in Shibahe copper tailings in Zhongtiaoshan, China. Differences in bacterial and denitrifying bacterial community compositions in different habitats and their relationships with environmental parameters were analyzed. The results showed that the richness and diversity of bacterial community in downstream seeping water (SDSW) were the largest, while that in upstream tailings water (STW1) were the lowest. The diversity and abundance of bacterial communities tended to increase from STW1 to SDSW. The variation of bacterial community diversity was significantly related to electroconductibility (EC), nitrate (NO3−), nitrite (NO2−), total carbon (TC), inorganic carbon (IC) and sulfate (SO42−), but was not correlated with geographic distance in local scale. Core taxa from class to genus were all significantly related to NO3− and NO2−. Core taxa Rhodobacteraceae, Rhodobacter, Acinetobacter and Hydrogenophaga were typical denitrifying bacteria. The variation trends of these groups were consistent with the copy number of nirS, nirK and nosZΙ, demonstrating their importance in the process of nitrogen reduction. The copy number of nirK, nosZΙ and nirS/16S rDNA, nirK/16Sr DNA correlated strongly with NO3−, NO2− and IC, but nirS and nosZI/16SrDNA had no significant correlation with NO3− and NO2−. The copy numbers of denitrifying functional genes (nirS, nirK and nosZΙ) were negatively correlated with heavy metal plumbum (Pb) and zinc (Zn). It showed that heavy metal contamination was an important factor affecting the structure of denitrifying bacterial community in AlkMD. In this study we have identified the distribution pattern of bacterial community along physiochemical gradients in alkaline tailings reservoir and displayed the driving force of shaping the structure of bacterial community. The influence of NO3−, NO2−, IC and heavy metal Pb and Zn on bacterial community might via their influence on the functional groups involving nitrogen, carbon and metal metabolisms.

微波消解–火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定黑茶中金属元素的含量

利用火焰原子吸收分光光度计测定了黑茶中金属元素的含量，采用HNO3-H2O2酸体系消解样品，优化了微波消解条件和仪器工作参数，测定结果表明，三山川黑茶样品中铁元素的含量较高，重金属铅和镉的含量符合国家标准。 The content of different metal elements in dark tea was determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), and the samples were digested with microwave irradiation in HNO3-H2O2 acid system. The microwave dissolving conditions and instrument working parameters were optimized. The results show that the content of ferrum in San Shan Chuan dark tea is high and the content of heavy metals plumbum and cadmium is in line with the national standard.

PENGARUH JENIS ASAM ALAMI TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR LOGAM BERAT TIMBAL DALAM DAGING IKAN TERI (Stelophorus indicus Sp) ASAL TELUK PALU

Research on the effect of type natural acid against decline of content heavy metals plumbum in meat anchovy (Stelophorus indicus Sp) origin bay Palu. The purpose of this study was to determine the best type of acid used in dissolving levels of plumbum as heavy metals for 1 hour immersion and to determine the number of levels of heavy metals of lead that can be dissolved during immersion 1 hour. This study begins with a sample digestion using nitric acid, further qualitative test reagents dithizon 0.005% (positive), potassium iodide (positive) and sodium carbonate (postitif). Qualitative results test that showed a positive result then measured in metal content of plumbum using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) at λ 283.3 nm. Then soaking using tamarind are 5%, acetic acid 10%, the filtrate pineapple 100%, starfruit 100% and lime 25% for 1 hour at room temperature, after measuring the metal content of plumbum with atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) in λ 283.3. The results show levels of heavy metals plumbum before immersion average of 0.8 mg/kg, the average concentration of heavy metals plumbum after soaking tamarind 5% amounting to 0.787 mg/kg (1.64%), 10% acetic acid at 0.789 mg/kg (1.39%), pineapple filtrate 100% of 0.7882 mg/kg (1.49%), starfruit 100% 0.789 mg/kg (1.39%) and lime 25% of 0.7916 mg/kg (1.06%). Thus tamarind 5% is the best type of acid to reduce levels of plumbum metal in Palu bay anchovy origin.Keywords: Acid, Anchovy (Stelophorus indicus Sp), Content, Plumbum

DAMPAK BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN INTENSIF TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR PERMUKAAN DESA KANIGORO KECAMATAN NGABLAK KABUPATEN MAGELANG

Kanigoro at Ngablak Sub-District in Magelang is one of the Villages which is topographically lower than the adjacent village in the same sub-district. The main activity of village inhabitant is farmer in intensive agriculture that is indicated by a lot of fertilizer and pesticide utilization. Therefore, the exceeding dosage of fertilizer and pesticide in plant cultivation could become an anxious environmental problem due to the high concentration of them in springs water that they called as Tuk and river water more than the quality standard of National regulation. Based on Data analysis, it can be concluded that laboratory analysis result of water quality in the village Kanigoro, generally still meet the quality standard. This is showed by the concentration of heavy metals (As, Cu, Cd, Hg, Zn and Fe) and pesticides (Aldrin, BHC, Chlordane, DDT, Dieldrin, Endrin, Heptachlor,Heptachlo epoxide, Lindane, Methoxychlor and Toxaphene), except for some points sampling contain heavy metals plumbum (Pb) exceeded water quality standard of the Minister of Health (Depkes) and Government Regulation Class I (raw water) of PP 82/2001. While the density of microbial total coliform and E. coli detected abundant compare to the water quality standard of the Minister of Health, particularly for the use of water as raw water or clean water. However, it is possible to utilize water directly for agriculture and fish farming activities and the use for drinking water after cooked first

Safety Study of Milled Beef and Slices Beef Jerky Viewed from Cadmium and Plumbum Heavy Metals Contamination

Heavy metals Plumbum (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) are chemical contamination that may contaminate during pre-harvest, processing as well as the contribution of environmental factors. The results showed an average content of Pb highest milled beef jerky products from trader C is 2.0177ppm, while the highest Pb content of beef jerky slices of trader B 2.6680ppm. The highest average cadmium content of beef jerky products milled from 4 traders coming from trader D is 0.8841ppm, while the highest Cd content of beef jerky slices of trader B 0.3101ppm.

Studi Perbandingan Kemampuan Nannochloropsis sp. dan Spirulina sp. sebagai Agen Bioremediasi terhadap Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) <br><i>[Comparative Study Of Ability Nannochloropsis sp. And Spirulina sp. As Agent Bioremediation Of Heavy Metal Plumbum (Pb) ]<I>

Abstract Sea water is a component that interacts with the terrestrial environment, where the discharge of waste empties into the sea to the mainland. One of the most dangerous pollutants for human health is the heavy metal plumbum (Pb). Bioremediation offers a promising alternative method and the potential to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in water. Bioremediation is the application of biological processes to recover a contaminated place by using microorganisms. Biomass of algae Nannochloropsis sp. can be used as bioremediation of heavy metals because it has the ability adsorption caused the active cluster contained therein. In addition, Spirulina sp. thought to have the ability as an agent of bioremediation of heavy metal plumbum (Pb) because the proteins and polysaccharides are high. Information about uptake ability of heavy metal of plumbum (Pb) by Nannochloropsis sp. and Spirulina sp., in order to know how it compares to the ability of Nannochloropsis sp. and Spirulina sp. in absorbing the content of heavy metal plumbum (Pb). The method used in this study is the experimental method, the test T of SPSS analysis as the experimental design. Treatment given in the form of differences in the concentration of plumbum, which include, treatment A (Nannochloropsis sp. without the addition of plumbum), treatment B (Nannochloropsis sp. 0.9 ppm with plumbum concentrations), treatment C (Spirulina sp. without the addition of plumbum) and treatment D (Spirulina sp. with plumbum concentrations 0.9 ppm) of each treatment was repeated 5 times. The main parameters measured were real heavy metal plumbum (Pb) in water culture media Nannochloropsis sp. and Spirulinna sp. The results showed that Nannochloropsis sp. and Spirulina sp. able to absorb the heavy metals plumbum (Pb) so that it can be used as a bioremediation agent, where Spirulina sp. have higher ability in absorbing heavy metals plumbum (Pb) compared with Nannochloropsis sp

Studi Perbandingan Kemampuan Nannochloropsis sp. dan Spirulina sp. sebagai Agen Bioremediasi Terhadap Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) <br><i>[Comparative Study Of Ability Nannochloropsis sp. And Spirulina sp. As Agent Bioremediation Of Heavy Metal Plumbum (Pb) ]<I>

Abstract Microalgae species Nannochloropsis sp. can used as heavy metal biosorben because of it’s adsorption capability that caused by the active cluster which contained in that species (Sembiring et al., 2008). Chlorella sp. is one of phytoplankton species that has the bioaccumulation ability of heavy metals and easily cultivated (Arifin, 1997). Lead (Pb) is a mineral belonging to microelements, is a heavy metal and is a potentially toxic material. Water bodies that have been polluted by compounds or ions Pb because can lead to the death of aquatic biota, the number of Lead (Pb) present in water bodies exceeding the proper concentration (Palar, 2004). One way to anticipate the increasing heavy metal pollution in the water is to bioremediation. The research using experimentally, the research design used was completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments with five replications. The concentrations of heavy metals Plumbum (Pb) used is 0 ppm and 0.9 ppm. The main parameters in this study is the ability of bioremediation Plumbum (Pb) by Nannochloropsis sp. and Chlorella sp. SPSS analytics normality test results and test the ability of T 95% in Nannochloropsis sp. and Chlorella sp. in absorbing heavy metals Plumbum (Pb) concentrations of 0 ppm and 0.9 ppm indicate that the data is normal and the results obtained were significantly different / significant. While the analysis of SPSS test T on heavy metal absorption capability comparison Plumbum (Pb) concentration of 0 ppm and 0.9 ppm by Nannochloropsis sp. and Chlorella sp. showed that the results were not significantly different / non significant. On average results obtained, Nannochloropsis sp. have a higher capacity than Chlorella sp. in the bioremediation process of heavy metals Plumbum (Pb).

Cemaran Timbal (Pb) dan Arsen (As) pada Susu Sapi Perah yang Diberi Pakan Limbah Organik Pasar di Peternakan Sapi Perah Kebon Pedes Bogor

The aims of livestock development is to increase both quality and quantity production, in the same time, ensure the safety of the product. The consumers need to concern about food safety of livestock products because it is related to human’s health. The research was conducted to determine food safety of dairy condition by detecting heavy metal on fresh milk produce by Kebon Pede s Dairy Farm. This research was utilited survey method and cases study and the result analyzed descriptively. The parameters measured are heavy metal Plumbum (Pb) and Arsenic (As) contents by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) machine. The result of the study indicated that Pb and As undetected in fresh milk. That’s value lower than standar maxsimum limit according SNI 01-3141-1998 were 0,3 ppm and 0,5 ppm .

Acute Toxicity Test on Old Smelting Slag

The total amount of heavy metal in Ming and Qing dynasties smelted residue was analyzed. Also leaching solution’s acute toxicity of heavy metal in waste residue was discussed.The results showed that the residual quantity of heavy metal(zinc and plumbum) in residue was up to 6.97%. After several hundred years of lixiviation by rainwater, heavy metal (zinc and plumbum) which had released to circumstance was more than 1.71%.Heavy metal in ancient leaching has declined and Residue in Zn is only a very small part of the leaching, Pb leaching below the detection limit ,Cr, and Cd there was leachingonly a small amount .According to pre-test results, limiting test method was adopted to carry out acute toxicity test on waste residue’s leaching solution.The results of acute toxicity test showed that acute oral LD50(median lethal doses) in mice of waste residue’s leaching solution was bigger than 20ml/kg.bw. Mice in the experiment appeared no dead and no abnormal behavior. But mice significantly decreased bodyweight gain. At the end of the experiment, mice were anatomical examined for liver and kidney. No abnormal change was found. It was no significant difference compared with the control group. It showed that residual quantity of heavy metal in residue was high. Although reduce the leaching toxicity, but the acute toxicity harm still existed.