Heavy Metals In Fish Species Research Articles

Melatonin as an Ameliorative Agent Against Cadmium- and Lead-Induced Toxicity in Fish: an Overview.

Diverse anthropogenic activities and lack of knowledge on its consequences have promoted serious heavy metal contaminations in different aquatic systems throughout the globe. The non-biodegradable nature of most of these toxic heavy metals has increased the concern on their possible bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms as well as in other vertebrates. Among these aquatic species, fish are most sensitive to such contaminated water that not only decreases their chance of survivability in the nature but also increases the probability of biomagnifications of these heavy metals in higher order food chain. After entering the fish body, heavy metals induce detrimental changes in different vital organs by impairing multiple physiological and biochemical pathways that are essential for the species. Such alterations may include tissue damage, induction of oxidative stress, immune-suppression, endocrine disorders, uncontrolled cell proliferation, DNA damage, and even apoptosis. Although uncountable reports have explored the toxic effects of different heavy metals in diverse fish species, but surprisingly, only a few attempts have been made to ameliorate such toxic effects. Since, oxidative stress seems to be the underlying common factor in such heavy metal-induced toxicity, therefore, a potent and endogenous antioxidant with no side effect may be an appropriate therapeutic solution. Apart from summarizing the toxic effects of two important toxicants, i.e., cadmium and lead in fish, the novelty of the present treatise lies in its arguments in favor of using melatonin, an endogenous free radical scavenger and indirect antioxidant, in ameliorating the toxic effects of heavy metals in any fish species.

Avaliação de metais pesados em peixes ciprinídeos: Rios do distrito de Khuzdar Balochistan, Paquistão

Abstract The present study was conducted to measured heavy metals in cyprinid fishes in rivers of District Khuzdar Balochistan, Pakistan. In the present study, 25 fish samples were collected that belonged to 8 order of 13 families, The Cyprinidae family had the largest number of eight fish species. Present study is focused on Heavy metals in cyprinid fishes. Heavy metals accumulation like Zinc, Manganese, Copper, and Nickel was evaluated in water and various organs of fishes. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy was used for the identification of these heavy metals in fish species and water bodies. The average concentration (mg/L) of Zn 0.26-0.41, Mn 0.030- 0.073, Cu 0.017—0.080 and NI 0.14-0.79 were observed in water. The Concentration (mg/L), of Zn Conc 0.383-.028 Mn Conc .073- .030 Cu Conc 080-.017 NI Conc .79-.14. The concentration of heavy metals was found both similar and varied simultaneously across the whole research area. Zinc concentration was reported highest, whereas Copper was at the lowest concentration in all fish species .The concentration of heavy metals, in all the fish species under this study, was above the threshold of WHO limits.

Speciation of heavy metals in fish species in the wetlands of oil-bearing communities of the Niger Delta

This study investigated the heavy metals concentration in 3 fish species: Tilapia zilli, Clarias spp, and Chana obscura in the wetlands of oil-producing states of the Niger Delta. In carrying out this study, 5 oil-bearing communities were randomly selected from 5 randomly selected Niger Delta states and fish samples were randomly collected from the wetlands […]

Health risk assessment of exposure to heavy metals in fish species consumed in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria

Abstract The concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, As, Cr, Cu, Cd and Fe) were determined in the gills, liver and muscles of thirty-five fishes, water and sediment samples from Aba River using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Heavy metal concentrations varied markedly among fish species and organs. Results revealed that Pb, Cr, Fe had maximum concentration levels of 0.63±0.01, 0.81±0.01 and 16.91 ± 0.20 mg/kg in Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus respectively. As and Cd recorded the highest concentration of 0.18±0.03 and 0.87±0.02 mg/kg in Malapterurus electricus respectively, while Trachurus trachurus had 1.05±0.03 mg/kg of Cu. Orenchromis niloticus, Tilapia ziili and Malapterurus electricus had higher concentrations of As and Cr in the liver compared to gills and muscles. The gills had higher concentrations of these heavy metals than liver and muscles in the rest of fish species studied. The concentrations of Cd, Pb and As in freshwater samples were higher than the standard maximum permissible limit. The sediments had higher concentrations of these metals than in fish and water samples. Heavy metal concentrations in fish species exceeded the standard guideline limit in food substances for human consumption. Malapterurus electricus, Parachanna obscura and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus had bioaccumulation factors for Cd which ranged from 1.069-1.663, indicating potential Cd poisoning or contamination of the three fish species. The estimated daily intake in both adult and children ranged from 8.611 x 10−7 to 9.72 x 10−3 mg/kgbw/day and were within the standard limit of daily intake for the human population. The hazard quotient for adult and children populations ranged from 0.0041-1.3972 and 0.000287 - 0.2080 respectively. The hazard quotient was less than one in most of the metals except for iron, but hazard index was greater than one, indicating potential chronic health hazards. Incremental life cancer risk for the adult population was within safe limits.

Levels of heavy metals in pelagic and benthic fish species in river Nun at Amassoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeri

The heavy metals content in three fish species from River nun Amassoma axis was investigated. This was done in order to gauge the concentration of heavy metals in fish tissues and to estimate the safety of consuming these fish species on human health. Three species (pelagic and benthic fishes) were collected from local fishermen at the landing jetty and analyzed for heavy metals in the soft tissues using standard procedures. The heavy metals investigated are Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and Chromium (Cr). Result indicates that Cd>Ni>Pb>Cr in the fish samples analyzed while Chrysichthys auratus showed the greatest abundant characteristics of Cr, Pb, Ni, Cd. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in concentrations of Cr and Ni for all fish species. However, the results showed that there is a significant difference (P<0.05) in Pb concentration between Chrysichthys auratus, Chrysichthys aluuensis and Petrocephalus bane bane. Cd concentration in the fish species reveal that there is a significant difference (P<0.05) between Chrysichthys auratus and Petrocephalus bane bane but no significant difference (P>0.05) between Chrysichthys auratus and Chrysichthys aluuensis and between Chrysichthys aluuensis and Petrocephalus bane bane Heavy metal in the fish species showed that Chrysichthys auratus>Chrysichthys aluuensis>Petrocephalus bane bane. All metal characteristics were lower than the suggested WHO permissible limit. Benthic fish species have a greater heavy metal concentration than the pelagic fishes. Based on the observation from this study, the continuous and sustained consumption of Chrysichthys auratus and indeed benthic fish species possess a higher risk to health, while Cd poisoning in fish is most culpable of pollution in River Nun at Amassoma. axis.

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish species of Iran: a review.

Accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in fish tissues is an important factor in monitoring the health and safety of aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, fish are important parts of aquatic food chains and play a significant role in human health. Considering the significant role of fish in the diet of humans and their ability to transfer and biomagnify HMs, it is necessary to determine and study these contaminants in fish tissues, especially in the edible parts of the fish. In addition to the other ecological and economic services of aquatic ecosystems, water bodies, especially the Persian Gulf in the south and the Caspian Sea in the north of Iran, are the main sources of seafood for people in nearby areas, as well as people living farther away who have gained access to seafood due to the extensive trade of aquatic organisms. This study provides an overview of the health conditions of the aquatic ecosystems in Iran by monitoring HM bioaccumulation in fish species. For this purpose, we reviewed, summarized, and evaluated papers published on HM concentrations in fish species from different aquatic ecosystems, including the Persian Gulf, the Caspian Sea, wetlands, rivers, qanats, water reservoirs, lakes, and dams, with emphasis on species habitats, feeding habits, and target organs in accumulation of HMs. Generally, the highest concentrations of HMs were observed in fishes collected from the Persian Gulf, followed by species from the Caspian Sea. Species inhabiting the lower zone of the water column and carnivorous and/or omnivorous species showed the highest levels of HMs. Moreover, liver was the main accumulator organ for HMs.

Heavy metals in Fish Species from Mediterranean Coast, Tripoli Port (Libya): A comprehensive assessment of the potential adverse effects on human health

Heavy metals in Fish Species from Mediterranean Coast, Tripoli Port (Libya): A comprehensive assessment of the potential adverse effects on human health

Assessing the health of marine and lacustrine wetland using measurement of heavy metals in fish species: Case study from two Iranian international wetland (Gomishan and Zarivar)

Wetlands are highly sensitive to pollution effects as they are usually low lands in comparison to the surroundings. Consequently, pollution with heavy metals in the wetlands ecosystems may have changed the ecosystem's biogeochemistry. Gomishan and Zarivar wetlands are regarded as two of the most important wetland regions in south eastern corner of Caspian Sea and in Western Iran respectively. We report the results from a detailed research based on two metals (Pb and Cd) measured in muscle of two fish species (Cyprinus carpio and Liza saliens) from Gomishan and Zarivar wetlands. Twenty three leaping mullet (Liza saliens) fish samples (from the 9 stations) and twenty common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were collected in year 2013 from Gomishan international wetland and Zarivar wetland respectively. Using a hot-block digester, the muscle samples were digested with a combination of perchloric acid (HCLO4) and nitric acid (HNO3) and then examined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The ranges of the concentrations of metals in the edible muscle tissues were: Pb 0.14–0.57 μg/g; Cd 0.34–0.49 μg/g; in common carp and Pb 0.00075–0.03 μg/g; Cd; 0.08–0.025 μg/g in leaping mullet. Pb and Cd concentrations between both fish species were statistically significant (insert the p value). There was no statistically significant correlation between the metal concentration of the muscles and the fish weight for both species. The concentrations of heavy metals in muscle of examined both fish species were below the permissible levels and should not pose health problems for human consumption. Periodic monitoring of these metals in both fishes and water to ensure safety is recommended.

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish species from the Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China.

In the present study, the bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb) content were determined in freshwater edible fishes Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus and Pelteobagrus fluvidraco, which were caught from the Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, a large, shallow and eutrophic lake of China. The results showed that the Cr, Cu, Cd and Pb content in the edible parts of the two fish species were much lower than Chinese Food Health Criterion (1994). However, the results showed marked differences in the four analyzed metal content between the two species and different tissues as well as significant variations. Pb content were the highest in the liver of fishes, Cd contents were almost the same in all organs of fishes, Cr contents mainly enriched in the kidney and liver, Cu contents were the highest in gills, However, the total metal bioaccumulation were greatest in the liver, gills and the lowest in the muscle. Although the total accumulations were highest in P. fluvidraco compare then C.carpio. This investigation indicated that fish products in Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake were still safe for human consumption, but the amount consumed should be controlled under the Chinese Food Health Criterion to avoid excessive intake of Pb. Further, this is the first report on seasonal distribution of heavy metals and proximate compositions of commercialized important edible fishes from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China.

Assessment of heavy metals in fish species and some physico-chemical parameters of Oguta lake, Oguta, Imo state, Nigeria

This study was carried out to investigate some physico chemical parameters and also to examine Nickel Lead Manganese and Copper from Gill liver and fillet of three selected fin fish species Oreochromis niloticus Synodontis clarias and Hepsetus odoeof the lake to provide information on the human consumption safeties of these fish samples from the lake Surface water and fish samples from three stations and fisherman landing site respectively were collected bi monthly for three months Surface water temperature pH and Dissolved Oxygen were measured in situ while other parameterswere determined according to APHA standard methods Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Range Test DMRT at alpha All the measured physico chemical parameters are within the recommended permissible limit for aquaculture Copper recorded the highest metal concentration mu g g in the gill of Oreochromis niloticus Nickel was not detected in all the observed fish species The mean concentrations of all the metals in the present study were lower than the permissible limits thus the sampled fish from the lake are generally safe for human consumption

Concentrations of heavy metals in fish species targeted by anglers in central New Jersey: A pilot study

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the concentrations of toxic metals in the edible portion of fish tissue obtained from the Raritan River in New Brunswick, New Jersey (NJ) between April and May of 2014. Species collected for this study included commonly caught fish such as bluegill, small and large mouth bass, brown and rainbow trout, bullhead catfish, and white perch. Samples were filleted and the muscle tissue subsequently dehydrated and then chemically digested. Samples were analyzed using Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Levels of 28 different metals were quantified for each specimen. In general, metal contamination in fish tissues was below the recommended limits. However, lead was found in one sample at a tissue concentration of 88 µg per 225 g fillet, which is above the recommended daily consumption limit as set by the Food and Safety Authority of Ireland. The maximum level found for arsenic was 23 µg per 225 g fillet. The fish samples taken from the Raritan River in New Brunswick, NJ for this study did not contain dangerous levels of most of the metals tested.

Combining multivariate analysis and human risk indices for assessing heavy metal contents in muscle tissues of commercially fish from Southern Red Sea, Saudi Arabia.

Jizan fishers are the major fish source for more than 1.5 million populations in the southern region in Saudi Arabia. Despite the overgrowing of various man-made activities in Jizan City, no recent study on environmental monitoring was reported. In the current study, heavy metals were quantified in muscle tissues of 12 fish species, as the most edible, from Jizan fisheries. Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used for quantification after microwave wet digestion. Acceptable recovery values (83.46-97.48%) for spiked fish samples with standard solutions were obtained. The following wide ranges of heavy metal concentrations (μg/g, wet weight) in studied fish species were recorded: V (0.004-0.561), Cr (0.013-0.477), Mn (0.073-0.128), As (0.002-0.935), Se (0.083-3.058), Sn (2.835-5.540), and Pb (0.150-0.386). Comparing with international permissible limits, lower levels were recorded in the current study. For total metal accumulation, the relationship between species was examined by cluster analysis, which showed that Epinephelinae was the farthest species from others. The principal component analysis shows one component indicating normal distribution of heavy metals in fish species. Different metal pollution indices (1.35-0.30), which shows the distribution of the total heavy metal concentrations in each species, were recorded. The hazard indices for muscle consumption were less than 1.0 for all studied metals at both ingestion rates except Sn which showed a marginal value of 28.9.

Estimation of seasonal risk caused by the intake of lead, mercury and cadmium through freshwater fish consumption from urban water reservoirs in arid areas of northern Mexico.

Bioavailability and hence bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish species depends on seasonal conditions causing different risks levels to human health during the lifetime. Mercury, cadmium and lead contents in fish from Chihuahua (Mexico) water reservoirs have been investigated to assess contamination levels and safety for consumers. Muscle samples of fish were collected across the seasons. Lead and cadmium were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, and mercury by cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. The highest concentrations of cadmium (0.235 mg/kg), mercury (0.744 mg/kg) and lead (4.298 mg/kg) exceeded the maximum levels set by European regulations and Codex Alimentarius. Lead concentrations found in fish from three water reservoirs also surpassed the limit of 1 mg/kg established by Mexican regulations. The provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) suggested by the World Health Organization for methyl mercury (1.6 µg/kg bw per week) was exceeded in the spring season (1.94 µg/kg bw per week). This might put consumers at risk of mercury poisoning.

Assessment of Heavy Metals in Some Marine Fish Species Relevant to their Concentration in Water and Sediment from Coastal Waters of Ondo State, Nigeria

Due to oil exploration activities and urbanization as well as continuous industrial and agricultural growth in Ondo State, Nigeria. The coastal water has been heavily impacted by a number of pollutants originating from different sources including heavy metals. This investigation assessed and monitored accumulation levels of ( Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni ) in different organs ( Gill, Head, Bone, Muscle and Eye ) of five fish species (Pentanemus quinquarius, Pseudoltolithus senegalensis, Trichirus lepturus, Plectorhynchus meditarraneus and Pseudotolithus typus together with water and sediment collected from the ocean shoreline in the coastal waters of Ondo State, Nigeria. Heavy metals concentrations in fish tissues, water and sediment samples were analyzed after treatment using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Dissolve total metal in water (in mg/l) Zn 0.12-0.22 , Cu 0.26-0.27 and Ni BDL-0.01 recorded in the water samples in this study were low and within the maximum permissible level (MPL) recommended by WHO and USEPA, while higher concentrations above the MPL were recorded for Cr 0.31-0.34 Cd 0.08 -0.21 and Pb 0.57-0.79. The concentrations of these metals in sediment in (mg/kg) were in the range Cr (0.16-4.19, Cd 0.35-0.38, Pb 0.9-1.00, Cu 0.24-1.44, Zn 2.12-3.11 and Ni BDL-0.01. They are all lower than their probable effect concentrations (PEC) in sediment. Mean Concentrations of the heavy metals in fish species were of the order: Zn>Cu>Cr>Cd>Pb>Ni. Levels of heavy metals varied depending on different tissues in the fish species. Correspondingly, high concentrations of the metals were found in gills and eye compared to other tissues. While the concentration of Zn (0.34 mg/kg-1.29 mg/kg), Cu (BDL-1.88 mg/kg), Ni (BDL-0.01 mg/kg) , and Cr (BDL-1.28) in the fish tissues were within the maximum allowable level (MAL) for a food source, the findings of this study shows higher value above the allowable limit for Cd(BDL-1.14 mg/kg) and Pb (BDL-0.71 mg/kg), thus constituting potential health hazard to consumers of these fish species.

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Fish Species Collected From Former Tin Mining Catchment

This study has been carried out to determine the accumulation of heavy metals (arsenic, copper, lead, tin and zinc) in fish samples collected from former tin mining catchment. Total eight types of fish family having fifteen different species are identified. Cyperinidae is the most abundant family with eight different species found in the catchment. Fish samples were analysed by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer ICP-OES. The accuracy of method is validated by certified reference material. The highest level of arsenic was observed in Hampala macrolepidota while Osteochilus hasselti shows the least. For Copper concentrations, the maximum was obtained in Mastacembelus armatus and the minimum in Oxyeleotris marmorata. High levels of lead, tin and zinc were found in the Rasbora elegans, Trichogaster trichopterus, Oxyeleotris marmorata respectively while Macrobrachium resenbergii,Mastacembelus armatus, Rasbora elegans had the least concentrations. The sequence of order of the heavy metals measured was Sn > Pb >Zn > Cu> As, respectively. The results showed elevated levels of tin, led and zinc in all the fish samples although copper and arsenic were available in relatively low concentration in the most samples. Sn, Pb, and Zn concentration in the samples were greater than Malaysia food act permissible levels. Hazard index 1 suggests the probability of adverse health effects. Although the heavy metals anal ysed in the catchment did not pose any immediate health risk to humans but due to thebioaccumulation and magnification of these heavy metals in humans, it is essential to safeguard levels of the metals in the environment.

Differential Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Muscle and Liver of a Marine Fish, (King Mackerel, Scomberomorus cavalla Cuvier) from the Northern Gulf of Mexico, USA

Levels of heavy metals such as lead, copper, cadmium, andzinc in marine fish have been extensively documented inthe primary literature (e.g., Juresˇa and Blanusˇa 2003;Rome´o et al. 1999; Zauke et al. 1999). These metals tend todistribute differentially in liver and muscle, most likelybecause of metal-binding proteins such as metallothioneinsin certain organs of fish (Atli and Canli 2003; De Smetet al. 2001; Hamilton and Mehrle 1986; Roesijadi 1992).These proteins bind copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and zinc(Zn), but not lead (Pb), allowing organs such as the liver toaccumulate higher levels of metals than other organs suchas muscle.Only a few monitoring studies have measured heavymetals in fish species found in the Northern Gulf of Mexico(Feldhausen and Johnson 1983; Hanson 1997; Vazquezet al. 2001). The current study measured Pb, Cu, Cd, andZn levels in muscle fillet and liver of king mackerel(Scomberomorus cavalla), a large (>1,500-mm fork length)reef-associated fish that inhabits subtropical and tropicalwaters throughout the Gulf of Mexico. The S. cavalla is avery common sport and food fish (McEachran and Fech-helm 2005).Materials and MethodsMuscle fillets and livers of nine king mackerel (S. cavalla)were collected June 2003 from the Alabama Fishing Rodeoheld at Dauphin Island, Alabama, and sponsored by theJAYCEES of Alabama. All samples (fillet and whole liver)were placed in plastic freezer bags and transported to theUniversity of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama. Theywere immediately frozen at –80 C.Methods for extracting heavy metals from tissue sam-ples were derived from the U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) standard method 3051 (U.S. EPA 1994).Approximately 0.5 g of wet tissue was placed in a 45-mLTeflon insert with 5 mL of ultra pure nitric acid. A separate0.5-g section from each tissue sample was oven driedovernight at 65 C for determination of dry:wet weight ra-tios. Teflon inserts were capped, placed into Parr micro-wave digestion bombs (Parr Instrument Company, Moline,IL, USA), and heated in a microwave. Tissues were di-gested for 3 min at 700 W. The digestate was diluted to10% of the original volume by adding 45 mL of deionizedwater.To monitor the extraction efficiency of the precedingtechnique, 0.25-g dry weight samples of one of two Na-tional Institute of Standards and Testing standard referencematerials, #2976 mussel tissue or #1566b oyster tissue,were digested as described. The percentage of recovery forall metals exceeded 85% of certified values. Levels of Pb,Cu, and Cd were analyzed using a Varian SpectrAA220graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer(Varian Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA). Levels of Zn wereanalyzed with a Perkin-Elmer flame atomic absorptionspectrophotometer (Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA)because this metal tends to be high in biologic samples.Student’s t-tests (df = 16;