Heavy Metals In Body Research Articles

Alumina-Hydroxyapatite Millimetric Spheres for Cadmium(II) Removal in Aqueous Medium.

Heavy metals can act as selective agents in the development and proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria through a process called coselection. In the year 2050, an estimated 10 million deaths will be caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria; therefore, the presence of heavy metals in bodies of water represents an environmental and sanitary threat that requires efficient treatment processes and/or materials for their removal. In the present study, the effect of the hydroxyapatite coating on the adsorbent capacity of cadmium in alumina spheres was evaluated. The hydroxyapatite coating on the alumina sphere increased the surface area from 0.66 to 0.96 m2/g and the number of acid sites from 0.064 to 0.306 meq/g and displaced the IEP of hydroxyapatite from 5.37 to 4.2, increasing the Cd2+ adsorbing capacity from 59.87 mg/g to 89.37 mg/g and promoting adsorption by surface complexation. Alumina-hydroxyapatite spheres stand out for their improved adsorbent properties and easy handling, which positioned this material as a potential alternative in adsorption processes.

A study on the concentration of heavy metals in bodies of residents in Some Areas in Korea

A study on the concentration of heavy metals in bodies of residents in Some Areas in Korea

Development and application of a new sensitivity analysis model for the remote sensing retrieval of heavy metals in water

This work proposes a new sensitivity analysis model, referred to as the D-δ(ε) model, for the remote sensing retrieval of heavy metals in bodies of water. By defining the reflectance ratio function (δ(ε)), we deduce the mathematical relationships between the heavy metal concentration sequences (Di) that can be effectively used for remote sensing retrievals and the radiometric resolution (ε) of the remote sensing instrument. Then, as a function of wavelength, we obtain the curve of the lower limit of the heavy metal concentrations in water that can be retrieved by remote sensing. To demonstrate the advantages of this model, we take two compounds, copper sulphate (CuSO4) and cadmium sulphide (CdS), as examples to discuss the remote sensing sensitivity of different wavelengths when retrievals are performed using the Chinese HJ-1A's hyperspectral imager (HSI). The results showed that the lowest detectable concentration of CuSO4 in the wavelength range of 460.04–496 nm (corresponding to bands 1–17 of the HSI image) can be below 0.15 mg/L, while the concentration of CdS can be lower than 0.001 mg/L in the separate ranges of 460.04–493.59 nm (bands 1–16) and 526.885–594.79 nm (bands 29–51). This model clearly demonstrates the mathematical relationship obeyed by "D-ε". Additionally, this model can not only calculate the retrieval concentration sequences at any observation wavelength but also intuitively provide the curve of the lower concentration limit for heavy metal retrievals. This work provides a theoretical basis for the selection of the most sensitive bands for remote sensing retrieval using hyperspectral images in the future.

Content of heavy metals in beef in dependence from biogeoprovintio of Yakutia

In recent years strengthening of technogenic impact of the person on ecosystems, increase in circulation of chemical elements in natural complexes, including in agrobiocenoses is noted. Significantly intake of heavy metals to the environment and on a food chain in a human body increased. It is known that 70% of all alien substances get into a human body with food therefore security of products acquires special sharpness and relevance now. According to statistical data, on average the inhabitant of the republic consumes up to 48 kg of meat (61% of norm) in a year. However from the total amount of the meat products consumed by the population, the specific weight of a product of own production is no more than 37%. At the same time a considerable part of meat products of own production is made in personal subsidiary farms. The main producers of meat in the republic are the livestock farms located in Leno-Amginsky and Vilyuysk areas. However the most part of the meat products used by the population arrives because of borders of the republic. The delivery geography to the republic of meat and meat products is very extensive and covers not only regions of Russia, but also foreign countries, such as Germany, France, Spain, the USA, Denmark, China and Brazil. It is established that accumulation and distribution of compounds of heavy metals in bodies and tissues of animals directly depends on an ecological situation of the region in which they are grown up. The greatest ecological danger to production of meat is constituted by such heavy metals as lead, cadmium and copper which collect in bodies and tissues of animals for a food chain: soil-water-plant-animal. So, quantity cadmium - the containing connections in bodies and tissues of the horses who are grown up in suburban farms of Yakutsk in 6 times more than in the zherebyatena from other territories of the republic. Besides, at horses from suburban farms of Yakutsk the considerable content of compounds of cadmium in pulmonary fabric was revealed that indicates an aerogenic way of receipt of this toksikant to an organism of animals. In the conditions of Yakutia in an organism of the Yakut horses the main bodies stores of compounds of mercury, lead and cadmium are kidneys and a liver. In significant amounts lead collects also in a bone tissue. It is revealed that in an organism of horses cadmium accumulates in tens times more, than at cattle which is grown up in the same farms. At the same time the number of compounds of mercury, lead and cadmium in bodies and tissues of adult individuals are more, than at young growth. It demonstrates to constant receipt and accumulation of toksikant in an organism of animals and their slow removal.

The total accumulation of heavy metals in body in connection with the dairy productivity of cows.

Monitoring of health status and metabolism of dairy cows is essential for modern milk production. At the current level of productivity of dairy cows, in addition to essential elements, increasing attention must be paid to controlling the exchange of toxic elements, a significant number of which belong to the category of heavy metals. In this regard, the objective of our research was to study the relationship of pools of heavy metals in the body of dairy cows, evaluated according to hair composition and elemental composition of blood serum and milk productivity of animals. Assessment of trace element content in the samples was performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Fat and protein content in milk was assessed by the FIL-IDF procedure. In order to assess the metabolic load of chemical elements in body of cows, the coefficient of total load Cload was calculated. It allowed us to divide all animals into three groups. Assessment of the content of 25 chemical elements in hair of cows revealed a general regularity of increase in average statistical values of concentrations of some elements with increasing load from 6.9 in group I to 10.7 in group II and 15.8 in group III. As Cload grew from 10.7 in group II to 15.8 in group III, the content of 20 chemical elements in the coat of animals from group III exceeded that in group II. Exceptions were only Ca, K, P, Se, and As. Thus, the productivity of dairy cows turned out to be interconnected not so much with the level of heavy metals (9 elements), but with a wider list of 20-23 chemical elements. Thus, the optimal course of metabolic processes in animal organism, coupled with the highest productivity, is possible when the internal environment of body is saturated with a certain amount of chemical elements. Accordingly, a lack or excess of these substances will be associated with a decrease in the efficiency of metabolism and animal productivity.

MODELADO DE LA CINÉTICA DE ADSORCIÓN DEL CROMO (VI) UTILIZANDO BIOMATERIALES DE RESIDUOS

The presence of heavy metals in bodies of water is an environmental problem, due to its toxicity and bioaccumulation in ecosystems. The adsorption kinetics of Cr (VI) was studied in a batch system using plantain peels and oil palm bagasse, evaluating the effect of temperature and amount of adsorbent on the process. The bioadsorbents were placed in contact with the solution of Cr (VI) at pH 2 and 100 ppm, taking samples at different times until equilibrium. The kinetics were adjusted to the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich models. It was established that: the increase in temperature favours the process for the plantain peel and decreases the capacity of adsorption for oil palm bagasse; and that a decrease in the amount of adsorbent favours the kinetics for both biomasses studied. The Elovich model describes the behaviour for the plantain peel, while the pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order models do it for the oil palm bagasse when the temperature varies. The Elovich model better approximates the kinetic data by varying the adsorbent dose of both biomasses, suggesting that the process of adsorption of Cr (VI) was controlled by chemisorption.

Influence of Body Weight and Gender on the Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Ligia cinerascens Based on Field Investigation and Cd Exposure Experiment.

Isopods of the genus Ligia are deemed as excellent pollution monitoring organisms for coastal zones. A species of Ligia cinerascens was chosen to be tested, which was collected from three coastal zones in Dalian, China. The concentrations of metals followed the order of Cu>As ≈ Cd>Pb. Ligia collected from a municipal sewage outlet in Heishijiao showed the highest level of metals. Ligia from a natural bathing beach in Changshan Island showed the lowest level of metals as expected. Ligia grown in the same site could accumulate different levels of metals due to their different body weight. Both males and females conformably accumulated heavy metals in bodies. Taken together, this work suggests that L. cinerascens can serve as a biomonitor species. Within the range of 0.3-0.9g body weights, body weight rather than gender should be taken into account as a factor in the process of environmental biomonitoring.

Assessment of heavy metals in body muscles/organs of locally reared poultry in cocoa and non-cocoa producing areas of Cross River State, Nigeria

There is a growing concern about the impact of increased used of Agro-pesticide on public health and safety issues especially in farming community who pursue high agricultural productivity. Pesticide pollution is a subject of global concern and the extent of its poisoning is considered to be grossly under estimated. This study was conducted to assess the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, As and Ni) in muscle, liver, kidney and lungs of matured locally reared chickens. Sampling was carried out in two cocoa producing areas (Ikom and Etung) and non-cocoa producing area (Odukpani) in Cross River State, Nigeria, over a period of one year (November, 2013 to October, 2014). Determination of heavy metals was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (ASS).  Highest levels of cadmium (0.11±0.02 µg/g) and lead (0.26±0.11 µg/g) were recorded in liver simples from Etung and Ikom. The highest levels of chromium concentration (2.95±0.05 µg/g) was observed in kidney of chickens from Etung, while nickel (1.16­±0.0404 µg/g) was highest in lung samples from Etung and Odukpani recorded the highest nickel concentration values (1.16±0.04 µg/g). The results show that higher levels of heavy metals can accumulate in the body tissues/organs of chickens in cocoa producing area. These are no exception since Etung is a cocoa producing area and the metals were found highest in kidney and lungs of chicken from this area. Generally, livers and kidneys were found to have the highly significant (P<0.5) levels of the metals than the muscles and lungs the lowest. However, the concentrations of all the metals studied were within the tolerance limits with exception of chromium and nickel which were respectively higher than their 0.10 µg/g and 0.5 µg/g tolerance limit. The results obtained in this study will be useful in formulating guidelines and standards for heavy metals in chicken products in cocoa-producing and non-cocoa producing areas of Nigeria.

HEAVY METALS CLEARANCE WITH USE OF CALCIUM ALGINATE

Transportation and accumulation of heavy metals in bodies, even in small doses, threatens health of millions of people, especially children. The aim of our study was to determine heavy metals content in hair, urine and feces of urban preschool children and to study effectiveness of calcium alginate nutritional supplements for correction of trace-element disorders. We determined the levels of cadmium (Cd), and strontium (Sr) in hair, urine and feces of 50 children (aged 5-7 years) using the method of atomic absorption spectrometry. We have found that the medians of substance content in urine were 102.17 and 0.12 pg/l for Sr and Cd respectively. In hair, the medians were 2.30 and 0.16 pg/g for Sr and Cd respectively. Then, we have divided 42 children into two groups: the Control group, and the Alginate group. For correction of trace-element disorders, we provided the children of the Alginate group with calcium alginate nutritional supplements during four weeks (600 mg per day). The results have shown that in their hair at the end of the observation period, the medians were 1.35 and 0.07 pg/g for Sr and Cd respectively. In urine and feces, the levels of heavy metals were not significantly different in the Control group and the Alginate group. Calcium alginate can be recommended for prevention and treatment of heavy metals poisoning.

Heavy metal status of Polish Konik horses from stable-pasture and outdoor maintenance systems in the masurian environment

Among domestic animals, cattle and horses kept on pasture and fed with hay and straw are exposed most prominently to environmental pollution. Determination of the status of heavy metals in bodies of horses is important for two reasons. Firstly, it helps to assess the level of environmental contamination. Secondly, heavy metals can have considerable influence on animals living outdoors. The aim of the study has been to verify whether the level of Cr, Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb and Ni in the coat hair and cornified structures of hooves may differ between horses maintained alternately in a stable and on pasture and living outdoors all year long, with Polish Koniks from Mazury (the Masurian Lake District) taken as an example. Possible effects of the feeding season and age of horses were considered. In total, 35 Polish Konik horses were examined, either kept in a stable-pasture system in Popielno or outdoors in Wojnowo. Sixty-two samples of summer and winter coat hair, 28 samples of hoof horn, as well as 10 samples of pasture plants and water were analyzed. The data were elaborated with the use multi-factor analysis of variance, T-Tukey-Kramer test and Pearson’s correlation. The results show that Polish Konik horses bred in Mazury have a low heavy metal concentration in the coat hair and hoof horn. The stable-pasture and outdoor maintenance systems hardly differentiate the element content, whereas the winter feeding results in

Heavy Metal Concentrations in Bank Voles (Clethrionomys Glareolus) from Protected and Agricultural Territories of Lithuania

In the article, data about concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Cd) in bodies and stomach contents of bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) from seven protected and agricultural territories are presented. In both the bodies and stomach contents of the voles the highest accumulated heavy metal levels were those of Cu, with an exception of three cases: in the spring of 1998, when in the stomach contents from agricultural territories of Eastern and Western Lithuania the concentration of Ni was the highest, and in the autumn of 1999, when in the bodies from the deltaic plain of Western Lithuania the concentration of Pb was the highest. Concentrations of individual heavy metals in the bodies and stomach contents differed within a wide range. The levels of Cd usually were the lowest. In spring and autumn, in the voles from protected territories total concentrations of heavy metals fluctuated between 25.2 and 6.0 and in their stomach contents – 3.7 and 4.1 times, respectively. In the animals from a...