Heavy Metal Pollution In Groundwater Research Articles

Source identification and migration fate of heavy metals of soil-groundwater system in a thousand-year cultivation region.

Pollution of farmland by heavy metals threatens food security and human health. In addition, heavy metals in soil could infiltrate into groundwater to influence the water quality and safety of drinking water. However, the relationship between heavy metal pollution in soil and groundwater is still not clear. In this study, we investigated the soil and groundwater in the Guanzhong Plain region, which is a significant grain production base in China, and determined the spatial distributions, ecological risk, sources, and migration fates of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn). The results showed that the mean values (0-20cm) in the soil were 19.57mgkg-1 for As, 0.71mgkg-1 for Cd, 69.65mgkg-1 for Cr, 21.97mgkg-1 for Cu, 28.67mgkg-1 for Ni, 17.54mgkg-1 for Pb, and 73.77mgkg-1 for Zn, and the corresponding mean values in groundwater were 1.2, 0.04, 4.69, 0.15, 0.07, 0.3, and 3.6μg L-1, respectively. The mean values for As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn in soil exceeded the background values, and the mean values for As, Cd and Pb exceeded those in groundwater. Positive matrix factorization models identified five sources (fertilizers and organic fertilizers, natural sources, pesticides and herbicides, industrial activities, and sedimentation caused by transportation) for heavy metal pollution in soil and four sources (industry activity, atmospheric sedimentation caused by transportation, natural sources, and agriculture) for heavy metal pollution in groundwater. The soil particle composition and soil organic carbon content were important factors that affected the vertical distribution of heavy metals in the soil. The migration modes (convection and diffusion) were not found for all heavy metals. These results help to understand the relationships between heavy metals in soil and groundwater in farmland ecosystems regionally.

Hydrogeochemistry and human health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution of groundwater in Tarkwa, a mining community in Ghana

The current study investigated the geochemical characterization and contamination of groundwater quality in Tarkwa, a mining community in Ghana. Total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, total dissolved solids, total hardness, heavy metals, and cyanide (CN) were all assessed in 74 groundwater samples. Other parameters assessed included pH, electrical conductivity, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, and pH. Using the method recommended by the USEPA, a health risk assessment was carried out. Among the parameters which exceeded their WHO recommended threshold were pH (4.9–7.7), Conductivity (150–1082 µS/Cm), Turbidity (1.4–139.5 NTU), Magnesium (1.9–395.5 mg/L), Nitrate (4.5 mg/L–760 mg/L), phosphate (2.3–80 mg/L), Sulphate (10–855.6 mg/L), CN (1.6–16 mg/L), As (0.001–0.015 mg/L), Hg (0.001–0.005 mg/L), Cd (ND-0.009 mg/L), Mn (0.004–1.38 mg/L), Ni (0.002–0.118 mg/L). The study also showed that the groundwater in Tarkwa is naturally hard, making Ca and Mg ions the main ions determining the chemistry of the water. Similar to this, the most significant factors affecting water chemistry were rock dominance and precipitation dominance. Due to high levels of CN, As, and Cd, health risk evaluation revealed that prolonged intake of groundwater from Tarkwa is linked to both carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health risk. Children were shown to be more vulnerable to both carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health risks than adults.

Assessment of heavy metal pollution in groundwater using a multivariate analysis approach

The current study aims to assess underground water pollution using an integrated approach that combines statistical methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and water quality diagrams (Piper diagram, Schoeller– Berkalov diagram). A total of twenty water samples were collected from the Tiflet region in the Sebou basin and analysed for various physicochemical parameters, including temperature, pH, and heavy metal concentrations (Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe2+ and Pb2+). The average concentrations of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+ in the water samples were found to be 41.9, 14.8, 20.1, and 8.1 mg∙dm–3, respectively. These concentrations indicate a significant presence of heavy metals in the groundwater samples. Therefore, it can be concluded that the groundwater in this area is heavily polluted with heavy metals and other pollutants. This finding raises concerns regarding the use of this water for irrigation and agricultural activities in the region. This suggests that these four components play a crucial role in determining the overall water quality. The distribution patterns of the metals Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+ in the well water within the study area are of particular environmental concern. It is recommended to establish a monitoring network to ensure the sustainable management of water resources in order to address this issue effectively.

Health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in groundwater of a karst basin, SW China

Health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in groundwater of a karst basin, SW China

A Novel Simulation-Optimization Model Built by FloPy: Pollutant Traceability in a Chemical Park in China

Heavy metal pollution of groundwater will not only destroy the ecological environment but also negatively affect the functioning of the human liver. Tracing the source of groundwater pollution is an important way to protect groundwater resources. FloPy is promoting the use of big data in the groundwater field, especially in groundwater resource planning and management and contaminant traceability. This paper takes Mn as an example and codes a simulation-optimization model for solving the groundwater pollutant traceability problem using FloPy. The Bayesian optimization and strengthen elitist genetic algorithm (SEGA) algorithms are then used to optimize the hydraulic conductivity and pollutant sources in the study area. The results show that the model runs in 411 s, which is an acceptable amount of time spent, the slope of the fitted curve between the model-calculated water level and the actual observed water level is 0.914, and the contaminant traceability results can successfully locate the contaminant sources in real engineering problems. The numerical groundwater flow model and solute transport model can be quickly built, modified, and run by writing code, and can be easily and efficiently coupled with various optimization algorithms with FloPy.

Source Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Groundwater of Shijiazhuang, a Typical City in North China Plain

Increasing attention has been paid to the heavy metal pollution in groundwater. The source analysis and risk assessment of heavy metals will provide data and method support for the targeted control of heavy metal pollution in groundwater. In this study, 20 sampling sites were selected in Shijiazhuang City. The APCS-MLR model and health risk model were applied to analyze and evaluate the pollution sources and health risks of 10 types of heavy metals in the groundwater of Shijiazhuang. The results showed that ① the mean concentration of heavy metals in groundwater followed the order of Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>Al>Pb>Cr>As>Cd>Hg, and the mean ρ(Fe) and ρ(Pb) were 260.3 μg·L-1 and 10.01 μg·L-1, respectively. According to the results of the single factor and Nemerow index, Pb, Fe, and Cd primarily contributed to the heavy metal pollution in the groundwater. ② The concentration of heavy metals ranged from 47.30 to 2560 μg·L-1. In terms of spatial distribution, the highest concentration appeared at S3 (2560 μg·L-1), whereas the lowest concentration was at S9 (47.30 μg·L-1). ③ Source analysis results showed that industrial and agricultural activities, transportation emission, and geological background were the major heavy metal sources, among which the contribution of industrial and agricultural activities was the highest (47.83%). ④ The industrial-agricultural activities posed a potential threat to adults (HI>1); however, the non-cancer and the cancer risks of other sources for both adults and children were at an acceptable level (HI<1) and potential threat level, respectively; industrial-agricultural activities were the major source of non-cancer (adults:52.46%, children:52.45%) and cancer risks (adults:65.22%, children:65.69%), among which Cd and As showed high cancer risk. Therefore, to ensure the safety of the groundwater environment, strictly controlling the pollution sources and further strengthening the risk control of heavy metal pollution in groundwater are necessary.

Potential of rice straw derived activated biochar to remove arsenic and manganese from groundwater: A cleaner approach in the Indo-Gangetic Plain

Heavy metal pollution in groundwater has become a public health concern due to its non-degradable and poisonous nature. Several research studies were conducted using various adsorbents to extract heavy metals from water. However, the removal of As and Mn using rice straw-derived activated biochar in a binary metal system was found to be limited. This study examined a comparative analysis of As and Mn adsorption by CO2-activated biochar derived from rice straw in a single and binary metal approach. Findings showed that the maximal sorption capacity of As and Mn in single metal systems was 18.26 and 12.18 mg g−1 and 8.51 and 5.42 mg g−1 in binary metal systems. PSO kinetic model (R2> 0.99) and Langmuir isotherm model (R2> 0.95) show good agreement with experimental data. The highest removal efficiency of As (99.53%) and Mn (96.23%) was achieved in naturally contaminated water (Sahibganj, India). Health risk assessment indicates chances of cancer (CR> 1 × 10−4 and HQ>1) in humans due to the high concentration of As (192 μg L−1). Water treated with 0.1 g activated biochar had lower CR and HQ values, and metal concentration was below the WHO safe drinking water standard.

Study on the Pb2+ Consolidation Mechanism of Gangue-Based Cemented Backfill

Coal mining produces a large amount of gangue that pollutes the environment, causing surface subsidence and damaging the groundwater systems. Backfill mining is an effective technology used to solve this problem, but there is a risk of polluting the groundwater due to the heavy metal ions present in the backfill material. Pb2+ has been determined to be a representative element because of its existence in coal gangue samples but not in fly ash. The risk of gangue-based cemented backfill causing groundwater pollution can be evaluated by studying the Pb2+ leaching from gangue under various conditions. When comparing the leaching amounts of Pb2+ from the coal gangue particles and the test blocks, it was found that cement filling has an obvious consolidation effect on the Pb2+ in coal gangue. The above process shows that cemented backfill has an obvious consolidation effect on the Pb2+ in gangue. The results of the theoretical analysis, X-ray, and SEM show that the consolidation mechanism can be divided into four modes: physical encapsulation, ion exchange, ion adsorption, and chemical reaction. The results are of great significance for revealing the leaching mechanism of the heavy metals in coal gangue, assessing the risk of heavy metal pollution in groundwater via gangue-cemented backfill, and improving the mining theory of the gangue-cemented filling and groundwater protection.

Development of rice straw biochar through pyrolysis to improve drinking water quality in arsenic and manganese contaminated areas

Heavy metal pollution in groundwater is a significant concern for human health in the Indo-Gangetic Plain of India. Moreover, due to a lack of economically feasible options for rice straw utilization, around 84 Mt of rice straw was burned on the field in India. We aim to transform rice straw waste into biochar and utilize it for heavy metal removal from groundwater. Therefore, in this study, biochar was produced from rice straw at different temperatures (400–600 °C) through pyrolysis, and it was applied to remove manganese (Mn) and arsenic (As) from the field and synthetic water. Biochar derived at 600 °C had a higher surface area (78.17 m2 g−1) and adsorption capacity for As (4.51 mg g−1) and Mn (3.61 mg g−1) in a binary metal system. The pseudo-second order kinetics (R2>0.97) and Langmuir isotherms (R2>0.94) model batter explained the adsorption of As and Mn. The adsorption was facilitated by electrostatic attraction between metalloids and oxygenated (-COOH and -O.H.) surface functional groups. Health risk assessment indicated that field water (50 ml) treated with 0.1 g biochar had the highest As and Mn removal efficiency (>85%) and hence lowered the cancer risk in the community. The cost of 1 kg RS600 biochar production (0.913 U.S. $) is comparable with other adsorbents.

Assessment of Groundwater Wells Pollution by Some Heavy Metals in El-Beida City-Libya

One of the most important concerns is the presence of heavy metals in water. Heavy metal pollution in groundwater is a major concern, because of their toxicity and hazard to human life and the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the quantity of five heavy metals present in groundwater wells in different sites of El-Beida city. Groundwater wells samples were collected in January 2022 from 10 randomly selected wells throughout the region and analyzed in order to determine the content of a number of heavy metals namely: Lead, Copper, Iron, Manganese, and Nickel using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), and their levels were compared to the maximum contamination limits specified by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Libyan National Centre for Standardization and Metrology (LNCSM). The results in the current study indicate there is variation among wells. The Lead (Pb) concentrations ranged between (0.33-0.50 mg/l), whereas the Copper (Cu) value ranged (0.07-0.12 mg/l), the Iron (Fe) value ranged (1.15-1.35 mg/l), the Manganese (Mn) value ranged (0.17-0.75 mg/l), and the Nickel (Ni) value ranged (0.19-0.52 mg/l). Most of the heavy metal analyzed in this study were exceed permissible limits for international standards of drinking water by WHO or LNCSM while Copper (Cu) did not exceed permissible limits for international standards of drinking water.

Reaction medium for permeable reactive barrier remediation of groundwater polluted by heavy metals

Heavy metal pollution of groundwater has a serious impact on human health, which has become a key issue in the field of water resources and water environment. Permeable reactive barrier (PRB) is an in-situ remediation technology for passive groundwater pollution, with the advantages of economy and efficiency. The reaction material in the PRB wall is the key to the whole system, which can intercept or degrade heavy metals to achieve the removal of pollutants. Among a wide variety of reaction materials, PRB has been successfully used to remove various heavy metal contaminants. In this paper, reaction materials are classified into three broad categories, namely single material, mixed material, and composite material. On this basis, the action mechanism of various materials to remove heavy metal pollutants is analyzed, and the screening method of reaction medium is summarized. Finally, the deficiencies and development directions of PRB reaction medium materials in the removal of heavy metals in groundwater are pointed out, providing reference for the subsequent development and application of PRB reaction medium.

Heavy metal pollution in leachates and its impacts on the quality of groundwater resources around Iringa municipal solid waste dumpsite.

Heavy metal pollution in groundwater due to leachates leaking from the Iringa municipal dumpsite was investigated. The pollution was studied by analyzing pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn, and Zn) in leachates collected within the dumpsite and groundwater samples from residential wells close to the dumpsite. The pH of the leachate samples varied from 7.40 to 9.10, implying alkaline behavior and the methanogenic phase of solid waste deposits. The levels of EC, TDS, and heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn, and Zn) in leachates were above the national and/or international standards. On other hand, groundwater samples presented pH values ranging from 7.15 to 7.60 which were within the World Health Organization acceptable limit. The concentrations of EC, TDS, Fe, Pb, Ni, Mn, and Zn in most groundwater samples exceeded the national and/or international permissible limits for drinking water. In addition, the water quality indices (WQI) of groundwater samples ranged between 8.30 and 17.90, which implied the excellent quality of groundwater sources. However, the presence of high levels of heavy metals above the permissible limits in both leachate and groundwater samples signified potential risks to the environment and public health. Therefore, the present study calls for proper management of municipal solid waste to reduce the potential risks of further contamination on the groundwater resources and environment around the Iringa municipal dumpsite.

Soil column experiment and numerical simulation research of Pb migration process in the groundwater fluctuation zone based on HYDRUS

Groundwater level fluctuation alters hydrodynamic conditions and hydrogeochemical action, thus affecting the migration and transformation of pollutants. This study investigated the effect of groundwater level fluctuations on Pb migration processes. We selected two typical media, coarse sand and medium sand, for the soil column experiments and numerical simulations of the Pb migration process in the groundwater level fluctuation zone. The soil column experiments showed that when the contaminants were distributed at a 30–40 cm depth in the soil column, the Pb migrated into the water in the range of 20–45 cm in coarse sand, while the range of Pb migration in medium sand decreased to 30 cm–40 cm. We constructed a numerical model of Pb migration in the aeration zone–saturation zone coupled with water transport and solute transport by HYDRUS-1D. The model simulated the migration process of Pb in different amplitude and frequency of water level fluctuation and initial concentration of pollutants. The results showed that the coarse sand column and medium sand column showed relatively noticeable changes in Pb concentration in water at 30–40 cm and 30–35 cm, respectively. The migration range and concentration of Pb in water are proportional to the medium particle size and the frequency of water level fluctuation, and inversely proportional to the magnitude of water level fluctuation. The Pb concentration in the water increased or decreased as the initial pollutant concentration of the medium increased or decreased. Its variation is basically the same as the variation of the initial contaminant concentration. The research results can provide a scientific basis for the remediation of heavy metal pollution in groundwater.

Heavy metal contamination of soil, sediment and water due to galena mining in Ebonyi State Nigeria: Economic costs of pollution based on exposure health risks

In this study, the effect of galena mining with respect to heavy metal pollution of groundwater, surface water, soil and sediments in Enyimagalagu and Mkpuma-Akpatakpa Communities in Ebonyi State, Nigeria, was investigated to estimate the health and economic burden. The heavy metals were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The water quality of the groundwater and surface water was determined using the water quality index (WQI). The potential health burden was estimated by determining carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks via risk index (RI) and hazard index (HI), respectively. The potential economic burden was estimated using the value of statistical life (VSL) and cost of illness (COI). Obtained results revealed that the WQI of the groundwater and surface water ranged from 197 to 327 indicating very poor to unsuitable water for drinking. No non-carcinogenic risks were associated with exposure to the soil and sediment components of the environment. However, there were non-carcinogenic risks associated with the surface and groundwater, with the HIs ranging from 1.8 to 5.4. Based on the carcinogenic risk threshold of 10−6, there were carcinogenic risks across all the environmental media ranging from 8.4*10−5 - 2.1*10−3. The economic cost of heavy metal pollution ranged from 20.7 million USD (10.35 billion) to 543.3 million USD (271.6 billion) for the VSL, whereas it ranged from 0.141 million USD (70.8 million) to 3.72 million USD (1.86 billion) for the COI. These costs are quite huge and can be avoided via pollution abatement measures.

Heavy metal pollution in groundwater of urban Delhi environs: Pollution indices and health risk assessment

The excess presence of heavy metals in water resources deteriorates the quality and has a high potential for bioaccumulation and environmental contamination. The study of heavy metals in water is essential because of their integration in the food chain and the potential for sublethal effects on aquatic and human life. To understand the extent of heavy metal pollution, a total of 64 groundwater samples (32 in each pre-and post-monsoon season) were collected around the Yamuna River's flood plains in the Delhi region. In this study, pollution indices and health risk assessment methodologies were used to estimate the significant threat to humans. In examined seasons, the sequence of heavy metal content in groundwater is Fe > Mn > Zn > B > As>Ni > Pb. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) revealed that in the pre-and post-monsoon seasons, 53% and 44% (HPI >100), of groundwater samples are at high-risk zone respectively. 53% of pre-monsoon and 56% of post-monsoon samples were found highly polluted, according to the degree of contamination (Cd). Moreover, health risk assessment shows that hazard index (HI) values for heavy metals were found significantly high (HI >1) in groundwater samples inferring increased non-cancerous risk to the local community. The results imply that continuous exposure can lead to chronic diseases in the population residing in the study region. In both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic assessments, children's hazard index and carcinogenic risk assessment (CR) scores were found higher. As a result, compared to adults in the study region, children are more vulnerable to potential health threats. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to figure out the origin of heavy metals, and it was found that As, Fe, Mn, and Zn come from non-anthropogenic sources, whereas mixed sources (natural and anthropogenic) may be responsible for B, Ni, and Pb presence. The results of the study will help to develop an effective strategy for environmental assessment and monitoring to control groundwater pollution of the Delhi urban environs.

SEASONAL VARIATION OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION OF GROUNDWATER AND SOIL IN THE M’NASRA REGION (GHARB, MOROCCO)

M’nasra region is well known for increasing levels of heavy metal pollution in the environment, mainly due to waste discharge of Ouled Berjal, the irrational use of fertilizers, and the discharge of waste from several industries. The objective of this study was to access the seasonal variations in the groundwater and soil quality with respect to heavy metal pollution. Water samples from wells and samples from soil near them were taken during wet (January - March 2017) and dry (July 2017) seasons and concentrations of Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were determined using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Contamination factor for each heavy metal and Nemerow pollution index was calculated. Results of the study revealed a decrease in pollution degree from wet to dry for soil and an increase in the case of groundwater. Cu had the lowest and Ni had the highest concentration in irrigation water whereas, for soil, Cd had the lowest and Zn had the highest concentration. During the wet season, all the concentrations of heavy metals decreased compared to the dry season, this can be explained by the dilution of these concentrations by precipitation water and therefore to lower absorption of these heavy metals in the water of irrigations and/or soil. Vertical transfer of pollutants from topsoil to groundwater was assessed using Hierarchical Cluster Analysis to identify associations between heavy metals and soil texture. In the case of Ni and Cr, the variables corresponding to the concentrations from soil and groundwater were part of the same cluster, in both seasons, the distribution maps of concentrations confirmed the pattern of transfer. This study can be considered as a baseline for the seasonal variation of heavy metal pollution of groundwater and soil. This study can be used not only for monitoring the study area but also as a tool for the implementation of environmental protection policies.

Determination of the Spread of Heavy Metal from Ori-Ile Battery Waste Dumpsite Using Electrical Resistivity Method

Abstract Contaminants from waste dumpsites have become sources of concern. Disposed wastes (Heavy metal) from battery industries could contaminate soil, agricultural plants, and groundwater. Therefore, this study aimed at the determination of the migration of heavy metal (Lead) from a Battery Waste Dumpsite using the electrical resistivity method. Using Schlumberger array, fifteen (15) Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were carried out around a Battery Waste Dumpsite in Ori –Ile, Ikumapaiyi at Olodo community, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Preliminary analyses of VES data were performed and were fed into software (WINRESIST 1.0) for qualitative interpretation to reveal apparent resistivity values, the number of layers, and thickness. Three and four layers of topsoil, sandy-clayed, weathered/fractured basement, and basement were obtained. Various values of lowest apparent resistivity and depths of penetration of leached lead on the four sides of the battery waste dumpsite were obtained. The lowest apparent resistivity values obtained were converted to apparent conductivity and plotted against the distance of each VES point. Five collected water samples from available hand-dug wells around the dumpsite were analyzed for the presence of lead using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Graph of apparent conductivity against VES distance indicated a decrease in conductivities with distance, an indication of reduction of Concentration of lead with distance. The level of Lead ranged from 0.081 to 0.770 mg/L which was above the tolerance level of 0.01 mg/L of WHO and SON, an indication of heavy metal pollution in groundwater. This study has established that lead ions were present in groundwater and had spread to a distance of 80 m from the battery waste dumpsite and were more pronounced on the southern region of the dumpsite.

Retraction Note: Spatial distribution of heavy metals in groundwater based on structural equation and development of leisure agriculture tourism

This paper mainly from the structural equation through conventional measurement and visual measurement model, analyzes the relationship between groundwater heavy metals and it, to establish the measurement model on the spatial distribution of groundwater heavy metals influencing factor model, analyzes the influence effect of various indicators on the spatial distribution of groundwater heavy metals, and their mutual influence effect. However, due to many characteristics of heavy metal groundwater, long-term use and management, it has become the research focus in the field of potential environmental protection, and has become an indispensable part of this study. Heavy metal pollution in groundwater not only endangers the safety of ecosystem, but also seriously damages the health of residents. A typical integration area between urban and rural areas is selected to understand the current situation of heavy metal pollution in groundwater, analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metal ions, and conduct qualitative and quantitative research on heavy metal pollution sources in groundwater, which has important theoretical and practical value for promoting urban sprawl, It also provides a scientific basis for the local government to formulate the strategy of protecting water resources. Of course, this problem also has a certain impact on leisure agricultural tourism, and leisure agricultural tourism is one of the important ways to promote the structural adjustment of agricultural sector and increase farmers’ income, which is also an important practical process of developing multifunctional agriculture. In this paper, through structural equation analysis of underground heavy metal factor model, to understand its impact on leisure agricultural tourism, promote the development of leisure agricultural tourism.

Retraction Note to: Characteristics of heavy metal pollutants in groundwater based on fuzzy decision making and the effect of aerobic exercise on teenagers

Due to its abundant reserves and pure water quality, groundwater is an important water resource on the earth, which is widely distributed and easy to use, so it is widely used in industrial production, agricultural production, and domestic drinking. Most urban and rural areas in China use groundwater as drinking water source, and the quality of groundwater is closely related to the life of residents. Indiscriminate use of agricultural fertilizers, wanton discharge of industrial wastewater, and untreated wastewater will cause heavy metal pollution in groundwater. Groundwater is polluted by characteristic pollutants, which makes it difficult to deal with, and the deeper the water layer is, the lower the self-purification capacity will be, threatening the health of residents. In this paper, the groundwater samples of 58 towns in l area were collected as the investigation area, and the contents of fluorine ion and 16 kinds of metals and nonmetals were analyzed and discussed by ICP-MS and other equipment, as well as the characteristics of rural groundwater pollution in dry period. At the same time, the index model fuzzy decision making and single factor of health risk assessment model were used to evaluate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk. Obesity among Chinese adolescents is also a very worrying problem. The current literature supports many weight loss methods. Exercise weight loss can not only reduce fat, but also improve physical strength. In the long run, it can make us gain synergy. In life, people are aware of the impact of aerobic exercise on weight loss, so they rarely use high-intensity temporary strength for training. According to the research of fuzzy decision making, it is applied to groundwater and aerobic movement, so that it can be effectively improved.

Groundwater contamination with heavy metals in Chennai city, India – A threat to the human population

The goal of this research was to learn more about heavy metal pollution in groundwater in North Chennai during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The total no. of 108 groundwater samples were utilized for this study retrieved from both dug and bore wells. The analytical results indicate that all the determined trace metals show wide spatial and temporal variations. Spatial variation is mainly due to the different sources of contamination, and temporal variation is mainly due to the influence of rainfall and the associated changes in the hydrogeochemical conditions. The abundance order of trace elements based on average ionic concentration in pre-monsoon is Iron (Fe)> Manganese (Mn)> Chromium (Cr)> Copper (Cu)> Lead (Pb)> Nickel (Ni)> Zinc (Zn) and during post-monsoon Fe>Mn>Pb>Zn>Cr>Cu>Ni. Nemerow’s pollution index (NPI) gives an idea about the range of pollution for individual water quality parameters concerning a standard value. Our result showed that North Chennai city is polluted by Lead in both seasons.