Heavy Metal Content Of Cu Research Articles

Nutritional and biofunctional characterizations of four novel edible aquatic plants of Bangladesh

Aquatic plants are a cheap and renewable biomass rich in bioactive and biofunctional compounds, holding valorization prospects for use in food and pharmaceuticals. Four commonly found edible aquatic plants in Bangladesh, namely red water lily (Nymphaea nouchali), white water lily (Nympheae alba), malancha (Alternanthera philoxeroides), and red seaweed (Gracilaria tenuistipitata), were compared in terms of proximate composition, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, mineral and heavy metal contents, and amino acid composition. The crude protein content was the highest in A. philoxeroids (26.96 %), followed by G. tenuistipitata (25.21 %), N. nouchali (25.14 %), and N. alba (23.54 %). The sequence of crude lipid content of four aquatic plants was A. philoxeroids (4.8 %) > N. nouchali (4.0 %) > G. tenuistipitata (3.4 %) > N. alba (2.4 %). The aquatic plants were rich in carbohydrates, with G. tenuistipitata having 37.02 %, significantly (P < 0.05) lower than N. alba (46.12 %), N. nouchali (45.73 %), and A. philoxeroids (42.88 %). The ash content in the studied plants varied between 14.63 % and 24.97 %. Substantial numbers of bioactive compounds were identified in these plants: 42 in N. alba, 41 in N. nouchali, 40 in A. philoxeroides, and 36 in G. tenuistipitata, as determined by GC-MS analysis. G. tenuistipitata showed the highest amount of total phenolic (121.05 ± 2.43 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and flavonoid (128.03 ± 0.79 mg quercetin equivalent/g) content. The DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, and ferric reducing power assays showed the free radical scavenging ability increased in a dose dependent manner. These aquatic plants contained substantial amounts of minerals, namely Ca ranging from 42.05 ± 2.34 to 441.65 ± 4.67 mg/kg, K ranging from 80.15 ± 1.82 to 97.81 ± 1.74 mg/kg, and Na ranging from 41.16 ± 1.32 to 53.37 ± 1.64 mg/kg. The heavy metal contents of Cu, Ni, and Pb were 0.93 ± 0.06 to 1.25 ± 0.09 mg/kg, 0.44 ± 0.02 to 3.86 ± 0.56 mg/kg, and 0.22 ± 0.02 to 0.67 ± 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. Thirteen different amino acids were identified, with leucine, glycine, alanine, lysine, and phenylalanine dominating, and their contents varying by species. Therefore, regular consumption of these aquatic plants might be a healthy approach to addressing malnutrition and enhancing biofunctional activities.

Pengukuran Kualitas Air Limbah Sawit Berdasarkan Baku Mutu Air Limbah Menggunakan AAS

Palm oil industry waste is waste generated from the palm oil processing process. Palm oil liquid waste generally contains heavy metals, one of which is Cu and Zn. The presence of excessive Cu and Zn heavy metals can have a negative impact on living things and the surrounding environment. In this journal, the determination of the heavy metal content of Cu and Zn in palm oil wastewater was carried out using the AAS method with acetylene gas at a wavelength of 324.8 nm to determine the content of Cu metal content and at a wavelength of 213.9 nm to determine the Zn metal content. The results of determining the content of heavy metals Cu and Zn in sempel 1, 2 and 3 contained in palm oil wastewater which are still below the maximum limit of the quality standards obtained, namely less than 2 ppm for Cu metal and less than 5 ppm for Zn metal. utilized by living things and the surrounding environment.

Heavy metal content in duck eggs and meat that consumes feed containing Sapu-sapu fish (Hypostomus plecostomus)

Abstract. Asnawi. 2023. Heavy metal content in duck eggs and meat that consumes feed containing Sapu-sapu fish (Hypostomus plecostomus). Biodiversitas 24: 3201-3206. This study aimed to evaluate heavy metals in the eggs and meat of ducks feeding on the Sapu-sapu fish (Hypostomus plecostomus Linnaeus, 1758) on Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The observation of collected Sapu-sapu fish samples from three major Mataram rivers. Duck eggs and meat were collected from a livestock group that fed Sapu-sapu fish. The observed variables include; macronutrients (moisture content, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and ash) and heavy metal content (Cu and Pb) in the Sapu-sapu fish, duck meat and eggs fed by Sapu-sapu fish. The study found that the Sapu-sapu fish possesses complete macronutrients, making it a possible duck feed. The heavy metal content of copper (Cu) in the Sapu-sapu fish ranges from 189.314±0.0238 ppm, while the lead (Pb) content ranges from 4.25±0.18 ppm. The average heavy metal content of Cu in the eggs and meat of ducks consuming Sapu-sapu fish was 7.692±2.158 ppm and 14.523±6.481 ppm, while the levels of lead in eggs and meat of cesarean fish were 0.936±1.557 ppm 0.373±0.211 ppm. The study concluded that the Sapu-sapu fish in the Mataram city stream has a complete nutritional content (protein, fat, amino acids, minerals) but contains high heavy metals. Therefore, if consumed, ducks dispose of it into the eggs and duck meat. As a result, the eggs and meat of ducks that consume sapu-sapu fish contain heavy metals Cu and Pb that exceed the threshold, so they are unsafe for human consumption.

Rhizophora Apiculata on Copper and Lead Heavy Metal Substances and Their Effect on Water Quality in Belawan

The species of mangroves Rhizophora apiculata, R. stylosa, R. mucronata and Bruguiera gymnorhyza, Avicennia marina, Sonneratia caseolaris are among several species of mangroves found in coastal areas. The existence of these mangrove species is a fortress for the coastal environment. Research on the ability of R. apiculata to accumulate heavy metals copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) and their effect on water quality, was carried out from June to September 2021. This research was conducted in Belawan, in Baristan Medan as a place for heavy metal analysis and a laboratory Department of Forest Cultivation, University of North Sumatra. Various types of mangrove plants found in coastal areas have special strategies to deal with pollution conditions from heavy metals. One of several strategies used by mangroves is to accumulate various types of heavy metals in various parts of the tree. R. apiculata is a type of mangrove that can accumulate heavy metals in roots, stems and leaves. The presence of heavy metals will reduce water quality, which in turn will decrease the overall condition of the ecosystem. How big is the ability of mangrove R. apiculata to absorb copper (Cu) and Lead (Pb) and how the environmental conditions of the waters around the mangroves need to be known. Analysis of the heavy metal content of Cu and Pb in the mangrove R. apiculata showed that the heavy metal content of Cu was higher than the metal content of Pb. In the water found in the growing place of R. apiculata, it was found that the Cu content was greater than Pb. Meanwhile, the mud content where the R. apiculata mangrove grows produces heavy metal content of Cu which is smaller than the content of Pb.

The heavy metal of cuprum (Cu) and lead(Pb) content in Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucranata

Various types of mangrove plants found in coastal areas have a specific strategy to deal with pollution conditions from heavy metals. One of the several strategies used by mangroves is by accumulating various kinds of heavy metals in various parts of the tree. Most species of mangroves such as Avicennia marina, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia caseolaris, Bruguiera gymnorhyza and others apply this strategy. Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata are pioneer mangrove species that are able to accumulate heavy metals in the roots, stems and leaves. These species are also act as indicator of the sustainability of mangrove ecosystems. The presence of heavy metals will reduce water quality subsequently will decline the overall condition of the ecosystem. How big is the ability of Avicenia marina and Rhizopohora mucronata mangroves to absorb copper (Cu) and Lead (Pb) metals and how the conditions of the aquatic environment surrounding mangroves during heavy metal stress are need to be studied. Analysis of Cu and Pb heavy metals contents were carried out at the Chemistry Laboratory of the USU Medan Pharmacy Faculty. The mangrove species used for the analysis of Cu and Pb heavy metals were A.marina and R. mucronata that grew in Muara Sungai coastal areas from April to August 2018. The results showed heavy metal content of Cu was greater than Pb in wire roots, stems and leaves of A. marina trees. Analysis of roots, leaves and bark of R. mucronata also found greater content of Cu heavy metals than Pb.

Uji Kinerja Unit Mesin Pasteurisasi Tipe Kontinyu untuk Pengolahan Sari Buah Sirsak

Soursop fruit is one of the horticultural products that are easily damaged after the maturation process. This fruit is generally consumed in the form of fresh ripe or juice. The quality of the fruit is also very diverse and at harvest time the amount is abundant so the selling price tend to be low. One alternative to increase the added value of soursop fruit which the quality is poor and to extend the shelf life can be done through processing into juice. This study aims to test the performance of continuous type pasteurizer unit which has been developed by the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Engineering research and Development (ICAERD) in the processing of soursop juice on a small scale industry. The pasteurizer unit consists of a mixer, pasturizer, holder, filler, and cup sealer. The process of soursop juice processing includes fruit bunching, skin peeling, burial, mixing and dilution of slurry, fruit juice pasturization, and packaging. The pasteurization process was done at 80 ºC for 5-10 minutes. The pasteurization temperature is achieved at pavor pressure on water heating tube of about 1.0-1,5 bar. Under these conditions the capacity of continuous type pasteurizer unit was 160 l/h. The resulting juice has a TPC content on days 0, 7, and 14 after storage was 4.8 x 102, 5.1 x 102, and 1.9 x 103 cfu/g, respectively. The heavy metal content of Cu and Pb were 0.63 and 0.29 ppm, respectively.Keywords: performance test, pasteurizer, continuous type, soursop juice processing, value added product.

Evaluations of the DMPP on organic and inorganic nitrogen mineralization and plant heavy metals absorption

The use of biochemical technologies to regulate soil nitrogen (N) transformations is an important strategy to improve plant nutrient uptake and its quality. Effect of organic and inorganic N fertilizers combined application supplemented with the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on N transformations in the soil and heavy metal uptake of pakchoi cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis) was studied in three different kinds of soils (purplish clayey soil, red soil, and sandy loam soil). The results demonstrated that DMPP addition in the organic and inorganic N combined fertilization extended ammonium N retention, and greatly reduced nitrate and nitrite N concentrations in three soils. Compared to the regular organic and inorganic-N combined fertilizers, DMPP addition in this fertilization increased the pakchoi biomass by 9.8% to 15.8% and reduced its nitrate concentrations by 15.7% to 40.8%. Furthermore, DMPP addition in the combined organic and inorganic fertilization decreased the heavy metal content of Cu (7.8% to 25.6%), Zn (10.4% to 20.3%), and Cd (12.8% to 22.2%) in the plant. The addition of DMPP to the organic and inorganic-N combined fertilizers could decrease the heavy metal counterion nitrate uptake in the plant, alter soil pH and decrease the activity of Cu, Zn and Cd in the soil, and weaken the plant heavy metal uptake of Cd and Zn in the three soils. It is proposed that DMPP could be used to regulate N transformation in the soil and decrease the heavy metal content in the plant in the organic and inorganic N combined fertilization, thus improving plant quality and yields.

The effects of land-based activities on the near-shore environment of the Red Sea, Egypt

The heavy metal contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn and Cd were measured using AAS in the fine sediment fractions (O3, O4 and O5) and the seawater at six sites represent the main land-based activities at Hurghada, Safaga and Hamrawin along the Red Sea coast. The fine sediment group (O3 + O4 + O5) was varied between 24.61 and 88.88 % from the total sediment percentage, whereas O3 was the most abundant fraction with average percentages between 14.92 % at site III and 28.3 % at Site IV followed by O4 with average between 8.04 % at site III and 57.46 % at site II; therefore O3 and O4 were considered the essential pollutant bearing fractions. Cu recorded the highest average content (248.69 µg/g) at site I, Zn (746.24 µg/g) at site V, Pb (215.86 µg/g) at site III, Mn (407.66 µg/g) at site IV and Cd recorded the highest average (28.47 µg/g) at site VI. Site II showed the lowest average contents of the different metals that may attribute to the continuous leaching of the metal bearing fractions by the longshore currents and waves. In the seawater, site IV recorded the highest Cu average (10.49 μg/l), site III showed the highest averages of Zn and Pb (63.02 and 42.49 μg/l) whilst site VI recorded the highest averages of Mn and Cd (17.78 and 1.13 μg/l, respectively). Zn, Pb, Mn and Cd showed significant correlation relationships to each other in sediments at Hurghada indicated that they tend to accumulate in the same form. The insignificant correlations of Cu and other metals at Safaga and Hamrawin indicated the accumulation in multiple forms under variable local conditions. The different sites were classified between slightly and highly polluted with heavy metals. The obtained results illustrated that the land-based activities at the different localities have serious threatening on the near-shore environment and Safaga marine area was more polluted than Hurghada and Hamrawin.

Soil Pollution of Cu, Cr, Pb and Cd in Traffic Trunk Roadsides in Xi’an

Two roads (‘Nan Er huan’ abbreviated as R1,and ‘Huan Cheng Nan Lu’ abbreviated as R2) as the sampling area were selected based on Xi 'An traffic condition in China. Soil samples were randomly collected by triple sub sampling technique in each area and digested by mixed solution of FAAS and GFAAS according to the standard methods. The results show that total heavy metal contents of Cu, Cr, Pb and Cd in soil are 30.01±6.27 mg•kg-1、51.55±24.82 mg•kg-1、176.13±23.19 mg•kg-1and 2.73±1.93 mg•kg-1, and are 1.15, 0.73, 4.54, and 9.75 times of corresponding heavy metal soil background values in Xi 'an, China. The Nemerow composite index is 12.74, Geoaccumulation index of Cd, Pb, Cu and Cr are 2.7, 0.73, 0.38 and 1.04, Enrichment factors were:10 &gt; Cd &gt; Pb &gt; Cu &gt; Cr &gt; 1. Surface soil is characterized by accumulation of the strength of the Pb, Cd, and Cu, Cr pollution is to a lesser degree.

Effects of different cleaning treatments on heavy metal removal of Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen

The quality and safety of Panax notoginseng products has become a focus of concern in recent years. Contamination with heavy metals is one of the important factors as to P. notoginseng safety. Cleaning treatments can remove dust, soil, impurities or even heavy metals and pesticide residues on agricultural products. But effects of cleaning treatments on the heavy metal content of P. notoginseng roots have still not been studied. In order to elucidate this issue, the effects of five different cleaning treatments (CK, no treatment; T1, warm water (50°C) washing; T2, tap water (10°C) washing; T3, drying followed by polishing; and T4, drying followed by tap water (10°C) washing) on P. notoginseng roots’ heavy metal (Cu, Pb, Cd, As and Hg) contents were studied. The results showed that heavy metal (all five) content in the three parts all followed the order of hair root > rhizome > root tuber under the same treatment. Heavy metal removals were in the order of Hg > As > Pb > Cu > Cd. Removal efficiencies of the four treatments were in the order of T2 > T1 > T3 > T4. Treatments (T1–T4) could decrease the contents of heavy metal in P. notoginseng root significantly. Compared with the requirements of WM/T2-2004, P. notoginseng roots’ heavy metal contents of Cu, Pb, As and Hg were safe under treatments T1 and T2. In conclusion, the cleaning process after production was necessary and could reduce the content of heavy metals significantly. Fresh P. notoginseng root washed with warm water (T2) was the most efficient treatment to remove heavy metal and should be applied in production.

Cu behaviors and effects of mine drainage in Kosaka River, Hokuroku mining district, Northeast Japan

Focusing on the origin of the heavy metal, this study aims to build an imputed method to estimate the heavy metal content in river water by making a distinction between the heavy metal of natural origins and that caused by human activities. Supported by GIS, Kosaka watershed within the Hokuroku basin was divided into several sub-watershed polygons and the outflows of water and Cu were calculated for each polygon. Compared with the natural origin, the dominant Cu emissions affected the river water more significantly in local. Based on the mass balance closure, the heavy metal content of Cu in the Kosaka River was estimated by the conflux accumulation of tributaries and mine drainages. The estimated Cu concentrations were checked by comparing with the actually measured values at monitoring points along the Kosaka River and the results are coincidence with each other in general. It is revealed that the mainstream water quality could be estimated by seizing the water quality of upstream tributaries and human drainages.

Studi Kandungan Logam Berat Tembaga (Cu) pada Air, Sedimen, dan Kerang Darah (Anadara granosa) di Perairan Sungai Sayung dan Sungai Gonjol, Kecamatan Sayung, Kabupaten Demak

Study of copper (Cu) content in water, sediment, and Blood Clam (Anadara granosa) was conducted in coastal waters of Bedono, District Sayung, Demak district in 2010 and 2011. This study was done because coastal waters of Bedono (such as rivers and river Sayung Gonjol) functioned as the disposal trajectory by the industrial area located along the highway Semarang - Demak. This study aimed to analyze the heavy metal content of Cu in coastal waters and Rivers Sayung and River Gonjol, District Sayung, Demak. The study was conducted during low tide conditions (in 2010) and high tides (in 2011). The results showed that in 2010, the copper content in water of River Sayung ranged from 0.003 to 0.056 mg/l, whereas in the River Gonjol, copper content ranged from not detected - 0.026 mg/l. In 2011, copper content in water is not detected, either in the River Sayung and in the River Gonjol. Copper content in the sediment of River Sayung ranged from 4.89 to 28.75 mg/kg, and in River Gonjol from 18.77 to 71.28 mg/kg (in 2010). In 2011, copper content in the sediment of mouth of River Sayung ranged from 16.1 to 25.57 mg/kg, and in the mouth of River Gonjol ranged from 16.69 to 52.72 mg/kg. In 2010, copper content in the soft tissues of the blood clam in the mouth of River Sayung was 29.86 mg/kg, and at 31.2 mg/kg in the mouth of River Gonjol. Meanwhile, in 2011, copper content was not detected in blood clams. Overall, copper content in water, sediment, and blood clams were still below the threshold quality standard set by each authority.

The Particle Size Distribution, Gross Contents of Heavy Metals and its Leaching Behavior of Fly Ash from Municipal Solid Wastes Incineration of Chongqing

The distributions in different particle sizes of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash in spring and autumn were studied by sieve method, and the heavy metal contents of Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr and Hg in different size particles were measured, and the heavy metal leaching amount in the different particle size were also studied under the GB5085.3-2007 and USEPA-TCLP leaching procedure, respectively. The results showed that the particle size of fly ash in autumn was relatively smaller than that of in spring, more than 90% of particle size of fly ash in spring and autumn were less than 250 μm, and the particle size in 83-105 μm of fly ash in spring distributes in most with about 40% of the total, but 105-149 μm in autumn distributes in most, accounted for about 45% of the total. The content of heavy metals decreased first and then increased with the decreasing particle sizes except for Ni, and the content of heavy metals in the spring is higher than that of in autumn except for Fe and Zn. Under the GB5085.3-2007 leaching procedure, the leaching content of Cu, Zn and Ni in MSWI fly ash in both spring and autumn and Cr in spring were not beyond limited standard, but Pb and Cd in both spring and autumn and Cr in autumn were beyond limited standard. However, under TCLP leaching procedure, the leaching content of Pb, Cr and Cd in both spring and autumn were beyond the standard limits.