Heavenly Book Research Articles

The Religious Sacred in the Novels of Khudair Falih Al-Zaidi

The religious sanctity constitutes a spiritual and moral value in the life of the religious person from ancient times until our present era, regardless of religions and backgrounds. For the individual, it is considered a powerful energy that is distinguished by its presence from other ordinary things, as it constitutes the religious identity of that society. Khudair Falih Al-Zaidi is one of the writers whose literary and fictional productions were not devoid of mention, criticism, and treatment of it, and who extended his sensory and emotional perceptions from it and emanated from the core of the environment or, let us say, the society to which he belongs. Since every society has sacred things of a religious nature that are appreciated and respected, especially whether in themselves, such as (God Almighty, the holiness of the heavenly books, the prophets, and the family of the Prophet) or those whose holiness is believed. In a society as diverse in culture and religions as the writer’s Iraqi environment, and thus its diverse sanctities of beliefs, rites, and rituals.

Faith in God among "The Holly Quran" and " Kenzaa Rabbh"

This study deals with the uniform God in" The Holly Quran" and "Kenzaa Rabah", include introduction, four themes and Conclusion faith in God. "Kenzaa Rabah". The first theme includes the definition of the Holy Quran" and "Kenzaa Rabbh" which consider the helly book of the Sabian as it one of the oldest religions believe in the unity of Creator. The Holly Quran mentioned Sabian as they the followers of book. The second theme has been devoted to the words of faith in God in Holly Quran where inadequate from the unity of A- Huha is to create the creation. Which sent the prophets and the books ae formed by, and people join faithful and Kuffar, the happy from Paradise and naughty of the fire as the whole religion is given to Allah. It's not afraid of God. Allah doesn't see him. He is his own is the owner of creator Razak, schemer. The almighty Allah is the master in his university being not share by. The third theme adds the faith in God in "Kenzaa Rabah" and discussed the fact of accusing the Sabian that they worshiped stars and planets. Where they though ting for the existence of the learned God creator the one that doesn't hit the senser and doesn't lead to the creature. Allah is one and one religion and prophets were sent by their one God to the right and referred the words of God to the right of the whole offered by all the heavenly books. The fourth theme has been allocated to the comparison between "The Kenzaa Rabah" and "The Holly Quran" about unification of God and the presence of the relationship between the belief of Sabian and Islam. The conclusion come included the most important results of the research and including the following: The Sabian religion is regarded as the oldest heavenly religion on the face of the earth, and its history dates back to the first beginnings of unified human laws, just as the Sabian belief was discovered with the existence of the first human being: Adam, the first of the prophets, and the verses of God Almighty indicated in the horizons and in the souls, he has no partner, peer, or peer. instance. In drafting the study, the researchers used a comparative inductive technique.

Ethical Evidence in the Heavenly Books

ABSTRACT Monotheistic religions prioritize ethical conduct and virtuous morals as the foundation for constructing powerful human societies that foster justice, tolerance, love, and cooperation. The Torah, Bible, and Holy Qur'an contain numerous legal texts, verses, and rulings that emphasize virtuous morals. It is imperative to take action and prohibit indecent conduct and immoral values that can lead to the breakdown of societies, the spread of corruption and crime, and the infringement of human rights and freedoms. The concept involves adhering to virtuous morals while avoiding negative ones to promote societal development, disseminating principles of truth, justice, and equality, and upholding people's rights and needs.

The dialectic of the familiar and the unfamiliar in Islamic photography

This research is concerned with the study of (the dialectic of the familiar and the unfamiliar in Islamic photography), and it consists of four chapters.If you dealt with the problem of the research subject (the dialectic of the familiar and the unfamiliar in Islamic photography, as it appeared realistic, familiar forms and strange and strange unfamiliar forms represented in many of the main schools of Islamic photography that emerged in Iraq and Persia and then the Ottomans and the However, Islamic painting still retains those previously witnessed and unseen images, which pose themselves forcibly in the form of many questions that must be faced and studied by investigation, observation, extrapolation and conclusion through scientific research. The problem of research also lies in asking whether the Muslim artist intended to He puts those familiar forms of man with previously unfamiliar forms of the eye. Either he represents them through reality and myth together, or the fictional narration of the heavenly books, or by combining the two sides of the equation for the familiar and the unfamiliar in establishing its rules and technical principles for such a complex phenomenon Which is: revealing the dialectic of the familiar and the unfamiliar in Islamic photography. The first chapter included the objective, temporal and spatial boundaries and the definition of the most important terminology mentioned in the research. The second chapter was devoted to the theoretical framework, which was divided into two sections. The first concerned the familiar and the unfamiliar in Islamic philosophical thought. The second topic concerned the epistemological and aesthetic approaches to the art of Islamic painting. To reach the third chapter represented by the research procedures: including the research community and its large sample (3) of the artistic depictions of Islamic photography. The fourth chapter was devoted to the results of the research, conclusions, recommendations, and proposals. Among the most prominent results that the researcher reached: the emergence of familiar and realistic images of man and existence together with non-spiritual images Familiar ones, such as people with sacredness, such as images of messengers, prophets, the House, angels, people of knowledge and authority distributed between the world of theology and the world of humanity, where the unseen or unfamiliar spiritual side prevailed in this dialectic that connects the upper world with the lower world or connects everything that is realistic and lived with what is. Unfamiliar and hypothetical by Muslim artist and whoThis is what the research came up with, as well as the conclusions, research recommendations, suggestions, and sources.

Marriage Provisions Polygamy in the Three Divine Books

There are provisions for marriage for each of the three religions, which we found through the revealed heavenly books. Marriage is considered an obligation in Judaism, except for some Jewish sects that forbid marriage. In Judaism, it is not permissible for a Jew to marry a non-Jew and vice versa. There is no dowry for women in Judaism, while the Lebanese Personal Status Law clearly states a dowry for Jewish women. The marriage contract in Judaism takes place in three steps, the request for the hand of the girl, the marriage contract, and the realization of the marriage. The Torah, through several texts, permitted polygamy and allowed a man to marry more than one. The origin of Christianity is the non-marriage and the call to monasticism. Although there are texts in the Bible that stipulate not to marry, there are churches that encourage marriage for procreation. The rulings on marriage differ from one church to another. In Orthodox Churches, marriage decisions are based on two steps, the engagement and the service of the wreath. The position of the Catholic Church on marriage is emerging from the decisions of the Second Vatican Council in .1965 Despite the presence of several churches that have opposed the second marriage, the Bible contains several texts that allow polygamy. Moreover, other churches consider second marriage to be a sacred divine law. The Islamic religion permitted marriage for every able-bodied man and made it revolve around three rulings: obligatory, desirable, and celibacy. Marriage in Islam is preceded by engagement and dowry, with three conditions for the completion of the marriage: consent, guardianship, and competence. Our true religion has permitted polygamy, and this is what we find clear through the texts of the Noble Qur'an. While allowing polygamy, Islamic law imposed certain conditions and justifications for that polygamy. Looking at the provisions of marriage in the three heavenly books, we found that the Torah allowed polygamy without specifying any number, and the Bible prohibited polygamy and then permitted it with only one, while the Holy Qur'an refined all of this and made it four as a maximum.
 Keywords: marriage, the provisions of polygamy: Judaism, Christianity, Islam.

The Distortion of the Torah and the Bible: An objective Quranic study

Through research, we learned about the distortion of the Jews and Christians of their sacred books, the altawrat wal'iinjil, through the verses of the Holy Qur’an, sometimes through forgery, and sometimes through cloaking the truth with falsehood, as well as forgetfulness, concealment, twisting of tongues, and other malicious methods that they used for alteration, distortion, and change.
 We presented a set of examples for the People of the Book Evidence for this, and we have reached conclusions, including that the Torah and the wal'iinjil are no longer sacred books as God revealed them, and that the Qur’an abrogated all the heavenly books, but we have to believe in them before distorting them, and this is a call to the followers of distorted religions to leave them and believe in the Holy Qur’an.

HISTORITAS DAN OTENTISITAS AL-QUR'AN (STUDI KOMPARATIF ANTARA ARTHUR JEFFERY DENGAN MANNA' AL- QATHAN)

The study of the Qur'an, especially the historicity of the Qur'an, has attracted the attention of the world both among Muslims and non-Muslims. Therefore, the author is interested in bringing up this title because it is very relevant and will continue to be a discussion that arises from time to time. The research method used is the type of library research (Library Research). While this research is descriptive comparative. The results of the research that the authors found show that First: Arthur Jeffery Criticizing the belief of Muslims only believing in the history of the revelation of the Qur'an is a classical and unscientific reason, the compilation of the Ottoman Mushaf contained in it political issues of Usman, and the Qur'an not perfect to represent the previous heavenly books. Second, Manna' al-Qattan's rebuttal to the Historicity and Authenticity of the Qur'an, namely: The history of the revelation of the Qur'an is not an orthodox reason as in his book explains that if the Prophet wanted power for himself, he could attribute the Qur'an to to himself directly, because it is enough to elevate his position and make people submit to his power. Usman made the manuscripts not for political reasons but because of his concern about disputes that would occur if they were with different manuscripts. And finally, the Qur'an The Qur'an is a complement to the previous books so that it can cause divisions between Muslims. The similarity between one book and the previous books is a natural thing. Third: There is no definite reason to accept the argument from Arthur Jeffery's view because it is unable to show valid evidence. Jeffery's analysis is a historical study that still invites a number of criticisms. On the side of Manna' al-Qattan, linguistic analysis and based on the history of qira'ah in a mutawatir manner, shows the authenticity of the Surah al-Qur'an that exists today.

The Artistic Creation of the Narrative in the Heavenly Books: Yusuf Sura as a Model

In a noticeable artistic-based structure, stories in heavenly books assume fine narrative pieces. The literary construction and various devices employed in the narrative exhibit a fairly noticeable piece of art. In general, the heavenly books follow an allegoric art to emphasize ethical and typical behavioural ends. However, the intended message in the heavenly books have moulded this end in a fine artistic methods. To explore this scope, this paper examines the distinctive narrative form delineated generally in the heavenly books with particular focus on the Holy Quran. The researcher applies the aspects of narrative including form, technique on the text to identify the artistic creation on the basis of the narrative approaches. The chosen sura "Yusuf" is taken from the Holy Quran, which noticeably and artistically traces the development of its protagonist early from childhood up to maturity. It sheds the light on the ups and downs of the central character, in relation to the surrounding characters and circumstances; and their influences on the ultimate outcome. The narrative in Yusuf sura text interweaves various psychological, sociological, familial constrains which ultimately result into a fine literary portrayal. With a fine artistic touch, the narrator follows the allknowing mode whose narration includes the multitude aspects of the characters –the internal and external world. The text, further, gives a panoramic view of the entire world of the narrative which is arranged in an episodic plot with the employment of the cinematic technique of scene shifting. It is observed that the plot-organization, characters and struggle are dynamically presented away from the boredom of the historiography.

امیت رسولﷺ اور مستشرقین:منٹگمری واٹ اور رابرٹ اسپنسر کے افکار کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ: Orientalists on Prophet Muhammad’s Illiteracy: A Study of Montgomery Watt and Robert Spencer’s views

Holy Qur'an has been a topic of interest to many circles, including the Muslim and Western scholars. Many of the themes promoted by the Orientalists are generally related to the authenticity of the Qur'an. William Montgomery Watt and Robert Spencer are included in the circle of those western writers who have written down the commentary of the Quran with specific purpose. While interpreting the verses, they have mistranslated the term “Ummī” and have offered different views on the meaning of Ummī which is used in the Qur’an as an attribute of the Prophet (PBUH). This word shows the miraculous signs of the heavenly Book descended upon the Prophet and the rightfulness of his mission but the aim of both the scholars is to prove false the claim of the miraculous style of the Qur’an. In this paper, an effort has been made to examine the arguments of both western scholar and deduce the actual position in this matter. In this research written with a descriptive and analytical approach, it is proved that according to Quran, sciences of Tafsir, Hadith literature, history and logic, Prophet Muhammad was illiterate since his birth until his death and did not know how to read or write.

STUDY THE IMAGE OF DEATH IN THE QUR'AN AND COVENANTS

Purpose of the study: The phenomenon of death and its attitude is one of the basic issues in human life. The question that has always occupied the human mind in this regard is: What is death? What does he do to a man in the end?
 Methodology: And how do the heavenly books that have the most knowledge of man portray this phenomenon to the audience of their time? In this article, we try to use the analytical-descriptive method and unbalanced comparison, while examining the verses of death in the Bible and then comparing them with the Qur'an, to state that although the books of the Old and New Testaments have been distorted over time.
 Results: They may have disagreements with the Qur'an on this subject, but ultimately state that death is a phenomenon in the powerful iodine of the incomparable Creator, which has never been the destruction of man, but an evolutionary stage of human life. The presence of death in human life depends on human actions and behavior. By comparative study in these books, it seems that: Death in the verses of the Old Testament in various meanings such as: death and destruction, sleep and separation of the body used in While in the books of the New Testament, attention to the meanings after death has been given more attention and has been expressed with interpretations such as the day of separation, auditing, and arbitration, while from the perspective of the Qur'an, And life is again for the human soul.
 Applications of this study: This thesis can have many applications for example in universities that teach theology, philosophy of religion, and mysticism. These fields can use the results of this study in their researches. Moreover, those who interest in religious studies can use it.
 The novelty of the study: This study reveals the clear relation between divine religions as Islam, Judaism, and Christianly.

(Monotheism is its virtue and divisions: A comparative study between the divine books (The Noble Qur’an, the Torah and the Bible: التوحيد فضله وأقسامه: دراسة مقارنة بين الكتب السماوية (القرآن الكريم والتوراة والإنجيل)

Abstract: All the heavenly books (the Qur’an, the Torah, and the Bible) agreed that Allah commanded all messengers and prophets to unite Allah and not shirk it in any way, and also ordered them to adhere to the covenant that he made with his prophets in not taking another Allah or idol except him, and if they did not implement this first commandment, then Allah will rob them of the king and make them vulnerable in the land, so every prophet or messenger before he dies commands his sons that they only Allah worships and that the religion of their father Abraham. The Islamic and the Messenger Muhammad (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) in the Quranic Surahs (Al-Baqara: 100), (Al-Anaam: 20), (Yes: 7 and 10), mention the few of Jews believe in mohmmad religion, and since the level of faith is higher than the Islam, we say to the people of Jews and Christians to worship Allah alone, and do not share anything with Him in order to save yourselves from Hell as Allah Almighty said in (Surat Al-Israa: 7) (If you do good, do good to yourselves and if you are sick of it) and in (Surat Al-Israa: 2) (do you not take from me without an agent), as monotheism was mentioned in the Bible in several books of them (Daniel 2: 20-21) (20) He answered Daniel said: “May Allah's name be blessed from eternity to eternity, for He has wisdom and might.” (21) He isolates kings and installs kings. Gives wisdom to the wise, and those who know they know. ) As mentioned in the unification of Allah (John 5: 44) (How can you believe and you receive honor from one another, and the glory of the one Allah, who do not seek?) The present research aimed at comparing divine oneness with deism oneness in the heavenly books (the Qur’an, the Torah, and the Bible). The comparative and analytical approaches were adopted in arriving at the results, including that all apostles and prophets were monotheists and they never called Allahhead to themselves but after their death people took them as lords without Allah. In the light of the results of the current research, some recommendations have been put in place for the interpreters of the Bible to review the texts of the Holy Qur’an and its interpretations because the Holy Qur’an has been preserved from misrepresentation, and this is the correct basis for extracting added or deleted texts from the Bible.

Research Analysis of Dr. Vid Parkash’s Opinion about Narashnis and the Last Prophet PBUH

Dr. Vid Prakash book is a clear arguments for the fact that Islam is a true believer and the Prophet Peace Be Upon Him, and it is equally useful for every two parties .The good news of the Prophet peace be upon him is also present in the first heavenly books, and the former Prophets also gave good news to their own Ommah. A part from this, the good news of the Prophet PBUH is also present in the holy book of Hindu. We do not have any status”. Narashans and the last messenger of Allah Peace Be Upon Him” in which he has accepted the last messenger of Muhammad peace be upon him with many arguments from the holy books of Hindu. The original book of the learned author is in Hindi. And Wasi Iqbal has written a translation in Urdu .The learned writer Dr. Vid Prakash has clearly stated his opinion about the Narshanas, he writes that in Hindi it is used for the messenger of Allah peace be upon him , The learned writer writes that Narshanas means that the man is praised and Muhammad peace be upon him is praised

Continuous Reading of the Verses of Surah Al-Ma'eda from the Holy Quran

The Holy Qur'an is the last heavenly book of God the Almighty that has been away from distortion for many years; Thus According to historical documents, the Holy Quran has not been distorted at all. In studying this divine book we have to use our own particular methods to understand its teachings correctly, because first of all, the book of the Holy Qur'an is not like a man-made book but a divine book, Secondly, this book has been revealed a long time ago, and understanding its teachings requires some familiarity with the rules. One of the most important points in reading Quran verses is paying attention to its paragraphs (rokuat); Reading based on the paragraphs (rokuat) specified by the Prophet (pbuh); This descriptive-analytic study studies one of the most important Holy Quran suras with a focus on Qur'anic paragraphs (rokuat). In this study, Surat al-Ma'eda of the Holy Qur'an the fifth Surah of the Holy Qur'an, which has 120 verses, will be studied. The results of the present study show that the verses of this sura have a lot to do with each other That clarifying these relationships will be very effective in understanding the verses.

Recognition of the Theory of the Prophet of Islam as an »Ummī« Person and Its Historical Analysis, with a Critical Approach to Orientalists’ Views

One of the important points in the field of prophecy of the Prophet (PBUH) is his "being Ummī. The word “Ummī” used in the Qur’an as an attribute of the Prophet (PBUH) is one of the miraculous signs of the heavenly Book descended upon him and the rightfulness of his mission. "Ummī" usually means "illiterate", which is accepted by almost all Muslim scholars. But Western scholars studying Islam, or the same Orientalists, have offered different views on the meaning of "Ummī" and the ability of the Prophet (PBUH) to read and write. In this research written with a descriptive-analytical approach, we have found the following results: 1- Literally and due to the interpretative and narrative sources, "Ummī" means "illiterate". 2- According to the historical and hadith sources, it can be said that the Prophet was not capable of reading and writing before Biʿtha, but after Biʿtha he was able to read, but he did not write anything. 3. Orientalists have also offered different views on this subject, which, given the available evidences, the view of individuals (such as Montet, Amari, Kazimirski, and Henri de Castri) who believe that "Ummī" means "illiterate" seems correct. Also, the view of those Orientalists (such as Durant, Carlyle, Armstrong, Henri de Castri, and Davenport) who believe that the Prophet (PBUH) was incapable of reading and writing before Biʿtha is correct.

Is It Possible to Determine the Level of Spiritual Well-Being by Measuring Heart Rate Variability During the Reading of Heavenly Books?

A previous study stated that reading holy books can make a meaningful change in heart rate variability (HRV). The purpose of this study was to test the effect of reading the Quran, the heavenly religious book of the Muslim people in the Arabic language, on the Farsi (Persian)-speaking Muslims with various levels of spiritual well-being (SWB). In addition, novel to this study was the assessment of whether or not it is possible to use HRV features to distinguish individuals with high SWB from those with medium SWB. First, a questionnaire was completed by 31 volunteers to measure their SWB. Baseline ECG measurements were recorded during the resting stage. The volunteers were then asked to read the Quran for 5 min while ECG was recorded again. HRV indexes were calculated and four features were extracted and analyzed based on their correlation with the different levels of SWB. Independent t-tests were conducted and the results established a significant difference in these four features between high SWB and medium SWB groups, during the reading stage. Subsequently, with the use of these four HRV features, an artificial neural network and a decision tree were designed to classify the levels of SWB in volunteers. The outcome of this study demonstrated that it is possible to evaluate the level of SWB in individuals while they are reading the Quran.

الإسرائيليات في کتب التفسير الأسباب والآثار

ملخص بحث الإسرائيليات کتب التفسير الأسباب والآثار لا شک أن القرآن الکريم قد اعتمدت علاقته بالتوراة والإنجيل على التصديق تارة والهمينة تارة أخرى، ومعنى تصديقه أنه يقر بقايا الوحي الصحيح فيهما، لکنه الوقت ذاته ينکر تحريفاتهما، فهو تصديق في أصول العقائد التي اتفقت عليها الکتب السماوية، ودعت إليها الرسل ، وذلک مثل دعوة الناس إلى التوحيد وإقامة الدين والتحذير من الشرک وخطره. أما تفصيلات الشرائع والأحکام العملية فإن القرآن الکريم يتباين طرحه مع الکتب السماوية السابقة عليه، نظرا لاختلاف الظرف الزماني والمکاني. وأرى أن سر هذه الهيمنة يکمن تأسيس القرآن الکريم للمنهج التشريعي والأخلاقي الراقي الذي يحوي مضامين قيمية وأخلاقية لا تقصي الکتب السماوية السابقة ولا تلغيها، وإنما تقوم ما اعتراها من خلل، وتجبر ما أصابها من نقص، وأيضا تقرر کامل الحقوق والواجبات لأصحابها إطار الحق الذي تقره والباطل الذي ترفضه. وأحب التأکيد على أن الهيمنة القرآنية لا تظهر کشف عوار الکتب السابقة بعد تحريفها من الناحية العقدية فحسب؛ بل من الناحية التشريعية والأخلاقية والاجتماعية وغيرها، وفي الوقت ذاته تعلن التصديق لما فيها من حق. summary Israeli books explain causes and effects There is no doubt that Quran had adopted his connection to Torah and Gospel to ratify at Dominate at other times, meaning that correct revelation remains believable, but at same time denying their changes،It is believe in the origins of creeds agreed by heavenly books, called Apostles, such as inviting people to standardization and establishment of religion and warning against shirk and dangerous. Either details of divine judgments, Qur'an vary in scarves with heavenly books earlier, given different temporal and spatial envelope. I believe that mystery of this hegemony lies in establishing Qur'an legislative approach and high moral value and ethical content containing no truth divinely past cancel, but are marred by imbalance and lack of force, also decides entire rights and obligations of owners within By right and wrong which reject it. And I like to assert that Quranic domination does not appear in earlier books Awar revealed after distorted nodal hand; legislative and ethical and social and other, at same time Announces certification of its right.

إستحداث صياغات تشکيلية للمشغولة المعدنية مستوحاه من أشکال الکائنات البحرية

ملخص البحث باللغة العربية: تحتوي البيئة البحرية علي کم هائل من الحيوانات البحرية تبدأ من الحيوانات الدقيقة وحيدة الخلية وتنتهي بالأسماک والثدييات البحرية متطورة النمو، وتذخر البحار على اختلافها بمثل هذه المخلوقات فلقد من الله تعالى على العالمين بنعم کبيره وسبل کثيرة للحياة ، ولعل البحار إحدى هذه النعم التى ورد ذکرها فى الکتب السماوية ؛ وخاصة القرآن الذى أفرد عديدا من الأيات التى تعدد فوائد ونعم البحار التى وهبها الله للانسان لذلک تعد البيئة البحرية من أغني البيئات من حيث التنوع في الکائنات البحرية، کما أن النظم البنائية للکائنات البحرية من أسماک وقواقع ونباتات وحيوانات مائية أخرى تخضع لقوانين تنظيمية هى فى حقيقتها ترديد للقوانين التى تحکم هذا الکون الفسيح ، ومن الضرورى للفنان أن يتعرف عليها ويقوم بدراستها وتحليلها لمعرفة جوهر بناءها وترکيبها، ومن هنا تنبعث مشکلة البحث في کيفية الاستفادة من أشکال الکائنات البحرية لاستحداث صياغات تشکيلية للمشغولة المعدنية من خلال دراسه لمختارات من الکائنات البحرية وتحليل نماذج لأعمال فنانين والتى يمکن من خلالها إستلهام تصميمات توظف لعمل مشغولة معدنية وذلک من خلال إجراء تجربة ذاتية للمشغوله المعدنيه المستوحاه من أشکال الکائنات البحرية. The Summary of the Research environment contains a large number of marine animals ranging started from micro-organisms ending with fish and marine Sophisticated growth . The sea are rich in different creatures such that God has the worlds with great grace and many ways of life. Perhaps the sea is one of these blessings mentioned in the heavenly books ,especially koran which singled out many verses that multiply the benefits and blessings of the seas which God gave to man. Therefore, the marine environment is one of the richest environments in terms of the diversity of marine organisms. The structural systems of marine organisms such as fish, snails, plants and animals And it is necessary for the artist to recognize them and study them and analyze them to know the essence of their construction and installation, and this is emitted the problem of research on how to take advantage of the forms of marine organisms to develop formulations of metalworking through A study of selected marine organisms and analysis of models of artists' works through which designs can be inspired to employ metal works by conducting a self experiment of mineral exploitation inspired by marine organisms.

Lebendige Bücher. Materielle und mediale Aspekte der Heilsvermittlung in der mittelalterlichen Gedenküberlieferung

Abstract Throughout the Middle Ages, documents commemorating the names of dignitaries and benefactors in monasteries and churches were characterized as liber vitae, just as the heavenly book mentioned in the Bible. Those whose names were inscribed in such a list were promised eternal life through commemoration. The paper discusses material and medial aspects of the mediation of salvation within such documents as well as the shifts between different sorts of bookkeeping arising between the 9th and the 15th century by focusing on writing strategies, document organization, and layout in Carolingian confraternity books, monastic necrologies, and late medieval obituaries or anniversary books from collegiate and parish churches. Their differing structures show how concepts and places of liturgical commemoration changed over the centuries.

The Heavenly Book Motif in Judeo-Christian Apocalypses, 200 BCE-200 CE

The Heavenly Book Motif in Judeo-Christian Apocalypses, 200 BCE-200 CE

ترجمة الحجاج في القرآن الكريم دراسة تداولية لترجمة "محمد حميد الله" لمعاني سورة الأنعام إلى اللغة الفرنسية

The Translation of argumentation in the Holy Quran: A pragmatic study of the translation of Muhammad Hamidullah to the meanings of the Surah Al-An'am into French
 The Holy Qur’an is one of the heavenly books that have occupied thinkers and theorists since the dawn of human civilization, especially since the Qur’an is a rich material for studying inimitability, grammar, meanings, Al-Badi’ and rhetoric. Since translation is concerned with the study of texts and their transfer into different languages, and after the development and ramifications of the science of translation in its specializations, the topic of translating the meanings of the Noble Qur’an was one of the studies that drew ink from many translators and researchers.This scientific paper examines the translation of argumentation and persuasion in the Surah Al-An'am because of its unique eloquence. The aim of this study is to address the extent to which the translator was able to convey these arguments to the reader in the French culture. That is why we will see how the translator was able to influence the views and behavior of the French interlocutors, and did he succeed in winning the hearts and directing the minds of the readers; We also address the extent to which translation approaches the meanings contained in the arguments of the Qur’an, and whether the translator was able to convey them faithfully in order to achieve persuasion.Hamidullah’s translation of the Qur’an is considered to be one of the most important French translations and the closest to the meanings of “The Quran” and fulfilled its purposes and goals. Hamidullah sometimes relied on the interpretive translation to be able to reach the required argumentation, and at other times he adheres to a close literal translation.Hamidallah's translation was faithful, but it lacked the original French refinements, especially as we know that he relied in his translation on the old original copies in Qur’anic studies, going back to their manuscripts and deciphering them.However, despite its accuracy, this translation lacks further explanations and commentary that a text as rugged as the Qur'an would require. It is not possible for the French reader to enter into the symbolic worlds of the Quran, and its stylistic variability as well as its cultural codes, only through the grace of elucidation and expansion. Hamidullah confined himself to the apparent meanings, and he may have neglected some of the signs and allusions involved in the verses, even though “the Qur’an is a carrier of faces.”