Heating Of Slurry Research Articles

Thermal analysis of photovoltaic thermal integrated greenhouse system (PVTIGS) for heating of slurry in potable biogas plant: An experimental study

Abstract This communication offers an investigation of photovoltaic thermal integrated greenhouse system (PVTIGS) for heating of slurry in potable biogas plant developed at IIT Delhi, India. The energy through biomass is one of the renewable and clean energy which is generated with the help of organic raw materials (such as animal dung, vegetable waste, and tree leaves) through anaerobic process. PVTIGS may utilized for different applications like making electricity, enhancing the slurry temperature (resulting in improved production of biogas), crop cultivation and cooking etc. Thermal modelling of the newly developed system (PVTIGS) with load condition has been derived. Different parameters of PVTIGS have been calculated namely, solar cell temperature, slurry temperature, greenhouse room temperature and biogas plant wall temperature with the help of thermal modelling. Further, theoretical values has been compared with experimental values. Correlation coefficient (r) and root mean square percentage deviation (e) found to be 0.93, 5.25; 0.97, 4.2; 0.98, 3.35 and 0.85, 8.07 for greenhouse room, flow air, biogas chamber and slurry temperature respectively. During sunshine hours (7 AM to 6 PM) and off sunshine hours (6 PM to 7 AM), the average temperature difference between slurry and ambient air temperature are 3.93 °C and 6.74 °C.

Heat Transfer Characteristics of Upper/Lower Surface Heating of Microcapsule Slurry in a Horizontal Duct

Heat Transfer Characteristics of Upper/Lower Surface Heating of Microcapsule Slurry in a Horizontal Duct

Gelling Process of Ultrafine ZrO<sub>2</sub> at Room Temperature

Gelcasting is widely used in ceramic material preparation. A disadvantage of this technology is inhomogeneous structure and inner stress caused by temperature gradient owing to the heating of slurry. Theoretical analysis and experiments prove that gelling process of ultrafine ZrO2 can be completed at room temperature. When premixed solution/initiator/catalyst ratio is 100/1/0.5 (by volume), the gelcasting ZrO2 body with homogeneous structure and bending strength of 50.09MPa is prepared.

Pasting Properties of Cowpea Flour: Effects of Soaking and Decortication Method

Pasting properties of flour prepared from 12 diverse cowpea varieties as affected by dry and wet decortication processes were determined using a Brabender viscoamylograph. Dry decorticated flour (DDF) was prepared from seeds wetted, dried, and mechanically dehulled; wet decorticated flour (WDF) was prepared from seeds soaked, manually decorticated, dried, and milled to flour. No pasting peak was obtained during heating of flour slurry to 95 °C for both DDF and WDF for all cowpea varieties. WDF samples had higher paste viscosities than DDF samples. Presoaking of seeds (2, 4, 8, or 16 h) affected paste viscosities, especially hot paste viscosity (HTPV), and particle size distribution. Maximum HTPV and highest quantities of medium-size particles (mesh 40−80, 0.42−0.177 mm) were attained with flour prepared from seeds presoaked for 4 h. Presoaking for more than 4 h did not yield further increase in HTPV. Cowpea flour with at least 65% of medium-size particles exhibited the best hydrothermal properties, leading to increased rate of moisture absorption and higher HTPV during aqueous heating of slurry. Keywords: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) flour; pasting properties; presoaking; decortication