Heat Treatment Of Titanium Alloys Research Articles

Analysis of Heat Treatment Results of Ti6Al7Nb for Application as Total Hip Arthroplasty Component Material

This research is a literature study on Ti-6Al-7Nb material after having heat treatment. This study aims to analyze the results of selected articles reporting the effect of Ti-6Al-7Nb heat treatment. The research method used in this literature study is a qualitative descriptive method. Only several article results from analyses were reviewed that meet the requirement for implementation for future research topics related to materials for total hip arthroplasty. Data sources are obtained through library research techniques (literature study), which refers mainly to online sources, such as scientific journals, websites, and news from trusted sources. The results concluded that materials preparation techniques, heat treatment methods, and results analysis reported in those articles should be appropriate in this paper review. It was suggested from the literature that we need to anticipate that the martensitic phase does not cause significant changes in the Titanium alloys' properties. Moreover, the heat treatment method for α-type Titanium alloys is ineffective; namely, the heat treatment of Titanium alloys is mainly used for α+β-type Titanium alloys. The heat treatment should avoid the formation of the ω phase because constructing the ω phase will make Titanium alloys brittle.

The Influence of Heat Treatment Temperature on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Alloy Fabricated by Laser Melting Deposition.

Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) titanium alloy parts were successfully fabricated by laser melting deposition (LMD) technology in this study. Proper normalizing temperatures were presented in detailed for bulk LMD specimens. Optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electronic universal testing machine were used to characterize the microstructures, phase compositions, the tensile properties and hardness of the TC4 alloy parts treated using different normalizing temperature. The experimental results showed that the as-fabricated LMD specimens’ microstructures mainly consisted of α-Ti phase with a small amount of β-Ti phase. After normalizing treatment, in the area of α-Ti phase, the recrystallized length and width of α-Ti phase both increased. When normalizing in the (α + β) phase field, the elongated primary α-Ti phase in the as-deposited state was truncated due to the precipitation of β-Ti phase and became a short rod-like primary α-Ti phase. In as-fabricated microstructure, the β-Ti phase was precipitated between different short rod-shaped α-Ti phases distributed as basketweave. After normalizing treatment at 990 for two hours with subsequent air cooling, the TC4 titanium alloy had significant different microstructures from original sample produced by LMD. The normalizing treatment methods and temperature can be qualified as a prospective heat treatment of titanium alloy fabricating by laser melting deposition.

Effects of Deflection Scanning of Electron Beam on Microstructure, Hardness and Treated Depth of TC18 Titanium Alloy

Abstract The high frequency deflection scanning of vacuum electron beam technology (DSEB) with line by line scanning mode and no overlap was employed to treat the surface of TC18 titanium alloy, for obtaining a homogeneous hardened surface layer. The purpose of the present work was to investigate the effects of critical process parameters, including beam current, focus current and treatment times, on the microstructure, hardness and treated depth of the treatment area. The treated specimens were characterized by SEM, optical microscope, and Vickers hardness tester. After treated by DSEB, the hardened surface layer is formed, which is mainly consisted of the acicular martensite, and the surface hardness of the treatment area is improved. Moreover, the microstructure of the hardened zone is homogeneous and has no obvious transition at the contact parts of two adjacent electron beams scanning. The depth of the hardened zone can be more than 200 μm and basically constant. These results show that DSEB is a very promising technological solution for the surface heat treatment of titanium alloy of large area and complex components.

Thermal Processing of a Titanium Alloy for Aeronautical Applications

The titanium alloys are used in aeronautical applications (up to 75% of titanium alloys), reinforcements, biomedical applications, army industry, because of a high traction resistance, low weight, excellent corrosion resistance and capacity to resist at extreme temperatures. However, some titanium applications are restricted by the small hardness, high friction coefficient and low usage resistance. The paper shows the experimental researches made on Ti-6Al-4V alloy, subjected to quenching and tempering heat treatments. The hardening heat treatment of titanium alloys with α+β structure consists in stabilization phenomenon of β solid solution dissolved in α’ and α’’ metastable phase. After quenching and tempering heat treatments, are obtained good mechanical properties in biphasic alloys, maintaining the plasticity characteristics in reasonable limits. The efficiency evaluation of heat treatments was realized through micro-hardness measurement and structure analyses on electronic microscope.

Branch Elimination during Heat Treatment of Titanium Alloys with a Colony-Alpha Microstructure

The kinetics of the dissolution of lamellar branches in an alpha-beta titanium alloy with a colony-alpha microstructure were determined using a series of heat treatments at 900 °C and 955 °C. The experiments revealed that the branch recession rate was constant. An approximate diffusion analysis was developed to describe the diffusion process, and corresponding model predictions showed good agreement with measurements.

Complex alloying and heat treatment of titanium alloys

Complex alloying and heat treatment of titanium alloys

Potential of rapid heat treatment of titanium alloys and steels

Rapid heat treatment (RHT) of titanium alloys and steels, which includes rapid heating into the single-phase field, β and γ of titanium alloys and steels, respectively, is reviewed. Heating rate is an important parameter that affects the mechanism and kinetics of phase and/or structural transformation. Refinement of grain structure, formation of micro-chemical inhomogeneity and substructure in the high temperature phase following RHT are addressed. Thermo–kinetic effects during rapid heating of material with an initial metastable (quenched or deformed) microstructure are discussed. The response of titanium alloys and steels to RHT is compared. The improvement in mechanical properties of both material system following RHT is also presented.

Decomposition diagram and regime of heat treatment of double-phase titanium alloys

A substantiated choice of an optimum regime of heat treatment of titanium alloys is possible only on the basis of a complex investigation of the regular features of the structural and phase transformations and their relation with the mechanical properties after annealing conducted for different times and in a wide temperature range. The present work concerns low-temperature transformations in double-phase titanium alloys and their effect on the processes of embrittlement in a temperature range of 300–800°C with holds lasting from 0.25 to 500 h.

Application of rapid heating in forming and heat treatment of titanium alloys

Rapid heating in the production and final heat treatment of semiproducts made of titanium alloys can ensure a lamellar structure with stipulated size of β-grains, refinement of the initial coarse-grained structure, various gradient structural compositons; all this is important in solving problems of improving the quality of semiproducts and enhancing the durability of parts made from them. Rapid heating can be effected with the use of molten salts, slags, liquid metals, electrocontact and induction devices.

Hardening heat treatment of titanium alloys in furnaces with a protective atmosphere

Hardening heat treatment of titanium alloys in furnaces with a protective atmosphere

Heat treatment of titanium alloys of the Ti?Al?Cr?Fe?Si system

1. We have determined the temperatures of the phase transformations of alloys of the Ti−Al−Cr−Fe−Si system containing different amounts of aluminum (3–7.5%) and a constant total concentration of Cr, Fe, and Si (1.5–1.8%) and thus determined the optimal annealing conditions of these alloys. 2. The optimal annealing temperatures are 20–30° below the α→α+β-phase transformation (annealing time 1h). 3. Under these annealing conditions the plasticity of the alloys increases, while the resilience increases by a factor of almost two.

チタン合金の熱処理の研究（第1報）Ti-Mo系合金について

The titanium-molybdenum alloys containing 12.2, 7.47 and 2.14 wt%Mo were studied to understand the principles of heat treatment of titanium alloys for the three basic conditions of heat treatment; (a) Water-quenched state. (b) Quenched and reheated state. (c) Isothermally transformed state, chiefly by differential dilatometric method, and also by hardness measurement, X-ray analysis and microscopic observation. By water-quenching 12.2 and 2.14 wt%Mo alloys showed completely retained β and martensite structure respectively, and 7.47 wt%Mo alloy appears to be a mixed structure of them. The hardening and softening reactions are apparently associated with the decomposition of the β-titanium phase and precipitation (ω or α). It was also found that these reactions were accompanied by considerable volume change. The decomposition of martensite structure was also accompanied by volume change, but had little effect upon hardness.

金属チタンの製錬と加工(II)

Titanium ore is iron sand abundantly produced on the sea-coast of Japan, and refining process of iron sand to sponge titanium and consolidation process of titanium are being successfully carried out on the industrial scale in Japan. A brief description of them was published in the previous issue.In this paper, described are the processing of titanium and titanium alloys both in Japan and the United States of America, metallographical properties of titanium and various characteristics of them as a structural material.Discussions contained in the main text are as summarized below.XI Physical properties of titanium.XII Chemical compositions of unalloyed and alloyed titaniums and their mechanical properties.XIII Metallographical properties of titanium.(1) Phase diagrams(2) Comparison with Fe-C alloy and martensitic transformation(3) Structures of titanium alloys and their characteristics(4) Heat treatment of titanium alloysa. Heat treatment of 2Al-2Fe-titanium alloyb. Heat treatment of 5V-titanium alloyc. Discussion on the heat treatment of titanium alloys and on a new titauium alloy-6Al-4V-titanium alloyXIV Processing of titanium and titanium alloys(1) Forging of titanium and titanium alloys(2) Rolling(3) Extrusion(4) Tubing and wire drawing(5) MachiningXV Weldability, corrosion resistance, descaling and conversion curves for hardness and strengthXVI Conclusions (XIV, XV and XVI is to be printed in the next issue)