Abstract Numerous FEM calculation models for load introduction onto rolling mill rolls have been developed. The stress that can arise during heat treatment as well as during roller use was calculated. This has made it possible to optimize roll use conditions and to develop new roll qualities. The following results are described: stress in the heat treatment of rolls, the calculation of large work rolls of a heavy plate mill, the counter-bending of rolls whose body length is greater than 6,000 mm, von Mises stress in roll necks, contact stress at the edge region of working and back-up rolls, stress distribution in pre-stressed composite profile rolls in use