Heat Transfer Printing Research Articles

Full‐Range On‐Body Strain Sensor of Laser‐Induced Graphene Embedded in Thermoplastic Elastomer via Hot Pressing Transfer for Monitoring of the Physiological Signals

AbstractAcquiring physical and mechanical strain information of the human body with wearable strain sensors can provide essential data from personal healthcare to human‐machine interfaces and others. Recent research reveals that CO2 laser scribing can convert polyimide films into porous graphene sponges under ambient atmospheres. However, the electrically conductive laser‐induced graphene (LIG) film mismatches with the tough and rigid plastic substrates when it is employed as stretchable strain sensors. In this work, by leveraging the advantageous properties of atoms‐level configured defects within crystalline LIG and heat transfer printing techniques, a flexible LIG‐SEBS (styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene) strain sensor is made. It is able to achieve exceptional electromechanical properties including a remarkable sensitivity in terms of gauge factor (413–3118), minimal hysteresis, and a broad strain range (>100% strain). Meanwhile, the SEBS‐LIG strain sensor has a stable and fast dynamic response and good repeatability. Additionally, the sensor can be integrated with a wireless communication module for remote monitoring of physiological signals in a real‐time manner with a smartphone App.

Transfer Printing Process of Bio-Based Nylon 56 and Cotton Interwoven Fabrics

Using Annosol Reactive Blue DS dye as the colorant, an inkjet printing ink was developed, and its rheological properties and dynamic surface tension were evaluated for its use in dry heat transfer printing of patterns on bio-based nylon 56 and cotton interwoven fabrics. In particular, the effects of the dry heat transfer printing parameters on the printing properties of the ink on bio-based nylon 56 and cotton interwoven fabrics were investigated. The results revealed that the optimal parameters of the dry heat transfer printing of the custom-produced ink on bio-based nylon 56 and cotton interwoven fabrics are as follows: hot pressing at 130 °C under 3MPa pressure, steamer at 102 °C, and saturated steaming for 15min. The color fastness to both soap wash and rubbing of the bio-based nylon 56 and cotton interwoven fabrics dyed with Annosol Reactive Blue DS through dry heat transfer printing were determined to be of grades 3–4 and above, meeting the color fastness requirements of printed fabrics.

Wearable Ion Sensors for the Detection of Sweat Ions Fabricated by Heat-Transfer Printing.

Wearable ion sensors for the real-time monitoring of sweat biomarkers have recently attracted increasing research attention. Here, we fabricated a novel chloride ion sensor for real-time sweat monitoring. The printed sensor was heat-transferred onto nonwoven cloth, allowing for easy attachment to various types of clothing, including simple garments. Additionally, the cloth prevents contact between the skin and the sensor and acts as a flow path. The change in the electromotive force of the chloride ion sensor was -59.5 mTV/log CCl-. In addition, the sensor showed a good linear relationship with the concentration range of chloride ions in human sweat. Moreover, the sensor displayed a Nernst response, confirming no changes in the film composition due to heat transfer. Finally, the fabricated ion sensors were applied to the skin of a human volunteer subjected to an exercise test. In addition, a wireless transmitter was combined with the sensor to wirelessly monitor ions in sweat. The sensors showed significant responses to both sweat perspiration and exercise intensity. Thus, our research demonstrates the potential of using wearable ion sensors for the real-time monitoring of sweat biomarkers, which could significantly impact the development of personalized healthcare.

Highly Conductive Carbon-Based E-Textile for Gesture Recognition

Textile, as the most commonly used item in people’s daily life, is the ideal substrate for carrying wearable devices. However, it is difficult to form robust conductive patterns on fabric substrates due to the roughness and porousness of fabric fiber. Here, we used heat transfer printing technology for simple modification of fabric substrate, which reduces the surface roughness of textile substrate. A pure carbon based wearable electronic textile (e-textile) with high conductivity (9.82 Ω /sq) and durability (1000 cycles) was obtained by depositing the mixed ink of graphene and carbon nanotubes through screen printing process and combining with roller pressing process. The sensor can well reflect the different bending degrees of fingers and work well in waterproof situations. In addition, five sensors were integrated into the fabric glove. The fabricated smart fabric glove combined with machine learning can recognize 8 different gestures with the average accuracy of 96.58%.

Exploration on ability of printable modified papers for the application in heat sublimation transfer printing of polyester fabric

In this work heat transfer papers were loaded with a new core–shell pigment based on precipitating thin shell of titanium dioxide on a core of rice husk silica ash TiO2/RHSA to be applied in dye sublimation printing of textile fabrics. Besides, 0.1% (w/w) cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and 1% (w/w) bentonite (Bt) were also added sequentially to improve drainage and filler retention of the paper hand-sheets made from bleached kraft bagasse pulps. The effect of the new core–shell pigment on the mechanical and barrier properties, thermal stability and surface morphology of modified paper sheets were investigated. In addition, the study of transfer printability and ease of dye release from paper to fabric in this heat transfer printing of polyester fabrics using silk-screen printing under different transfer parameters were studied. Also, fastness measurements including washing, light and perspiration of printing polyester fabric were also estimated.

Design and Construction of a Locally Fabricated Serigraphy Machine for Curve/Flat Printing Substrates

The study aimed at designing and producing a serigraphy machine that prints on both curve and flat surfaces. Various methods of printing such as dye sublimation, heat transfer and screen printing are employed to print on fabric and other allied printing substrates in Nigeria. However, screen printing is one of the oldest forms of printing and one of the most popular method. The “Development of a Locally Fabricated Serigraphy Printer for Curve and Flat Surfaces” has become imperative. The sketches were made based on the conceptual idea and were later drawn with the aid 3D application software (Autodesk Fusion 360) installed in the computer system. The 3D drawings were used as guide to construct the serigraphy machine in the workshop. The machine which is manually operated comes with an adjustable squeegee, an adjustable metallic frame which holds the screen during printing, and a spring attached to the frame holder which holds the frame taut during printing without the aid of an assistant. The squeegee can be stationed and moved manually depending on whether the printing being done on curved or flat substrates. The Serigraphy Printer for Curve and Flat Surfaces is 602.5mm long, 450mm wide and 510mm high its size and weight afford for ease of carriage. The adjustable metallic frame which holds the frame can be adjusted to suit any screen size; ranging from (500mm by 350mm) to (300mm by 22.86m). The main findings of the study were that the objective of developing a serigraphy machine from locally sourced material, that prints on both curve and flat surfaces was realised, also it was discovered that the printing did not leave room for rough prints. The study concluded that by recommending that the “Serigraphy Printer for Curve and Flat Surfaces” is adopted by the local printers to enhance their occupation, and schools to aid teaching.

Revisiting the sublimation printability of cellulose‐based textiles in light of ever‐increasing sustainability issues

AbstractSustainability, being a recent buzzword, has been given an increasing emphasis in all industry fields, especially in the textile industry, since it is one of the main contributing sectors to resource consumption and thus environmental pollution. Among them, coloration of textiles should be paid special attention due to offering enormous savings in terms of sustainability. Within all fibres, cotton, being one of the cellulosic fibres, has been the most widely used material alone or together with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Therefore, we focus on the coloration of cellulose‐based fibres and its blends with PET in this review. There is only one single coloration technique at the intersection of sustainability and coloration, that is, sublimation or heat transfer printing, because it is the most eco‐friendly approach for the coloration of textiles. There are many studies on this issue, in which either cellulose, that is, cotton, or the transfer paper is modified/treated. In spite of many attempts for sublimation printability of cotton and its blends with PET, they still have problems in terms of sustainability that limits its applicability. In light of ever‐increasing sustainability issues such as Agenda 2030, new developments are yet to be expected for achieving sustainable coloration of cellulose‐based textiles and their blends. Therefore, it is high time to revisit the sublimation printability of cellulose‐based textiles, to mention the latest developments considering nanotechnological advancements, and to give a future perspective in this field.

ZnO/MoS2/rGO Nanocomposite Non-Contact Passive and Chip-Less LC Humidity Sensor

In recent years, Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has been widely used. RFID sensor technology has the advantages of real-time monitoring, accurate data and low cost, and it is applied to mainstream application fields such as asset management, cargo storage, transportation and logistics. A wireless humidity sensor based on zinc oxide (ZnO)/ molybdenum disulfide (MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> )/ reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is proposed. The structure of the sensor was optimized by HFSS software, and the designed humidity sensor was prepared by heat transfer printing technology. The morphology of ZnO/MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /rGO composite was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Nano-rod-like ZnO combined with nano-flower-like MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> structure has a large specific surface area and can better adsorb water molecules. This structure well reflects the excellent conductivity of rGO and the sensitivity of MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> modified ZnO. The humidity sensor has a resonant frequency of about 178.54 MHz at 10 %-95 % relative humidity (RH) and a sensitivity of 4034 Hz/%RH at high humidity (55 %-95 % RH). In the range of 10 % to 95 % RH, the response time and recovery time of the sensor are 7.4 s and 18.3 s, respectively. The experimental results show that the ZnO/MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /rGO composite for humidity sensor is reusable and the sensor is stable in the range of 10%-95% relative humidity. Finally, the sensing mechanism of the sensor under different transmission distances is analyzed. The results show that the sensor is suitable for rapid humidity detection in sealed and open environment.

Developing a clothing and textiles studio course for future home economics teachers using principles of PBL and maker education

The aim of this research is to develop a clothing and textiles studio course for preservice home economics teachers applying principles of Project-Based Learning (PBL) and maker education to equip future teachers with the ability to nurture creativity among adolescents. The studio course was developed in the following stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. We concluded that the resulting course met the following objectives extracted from the 2015 revised curriculum of home economics subjects: to promote creative and environmentallyfriendly fashion design and styling abilities, gain the ability to use makerspace tools, understand flat pattern making and sewing processes, and develop creative thinking, aesthetic sense, and communication skills. Furthermore, the educational effects of PBL and maker education were confirmed through student comments on the course. Students mentioned the practicality of the material in their actual lives along with their enhanced integration of the subject material, self-directedness, aesthetic sense, ability to learn through trial and error, collaboration and communication, and sharing. Based on results from the implementation and evaluation stages, a clothing and textiles studio course should include the following modules: introduction of terms and tools, submission and sharing of clothing reformation and upcycling techniques, introduction to hand sewing, pouch making, heat-transfer printing, 3D printing, mask making, hat making, vest making, and the final team project on fashion styling. It is important for instructors to provide detailed guidelines on selecting personas for styling, looking for available materials, and selecting materials online.

Evaluation of Wearable Potassium Ion Sensor Fabricated By Heat Transfer Printing

Printable wearable sensors for monitoring biomarkers in sweat of people exercising has attracted attention. For example, wearable ion sensors in sweat based on tattoo paper has been reported1).A wearable textile-based sensor has advantages such as low cost, flexibility, and light weight. For example, a stretchable self-powered biosensor has been reported previously 2). On the other hand, when a sensor is formed by printing directly on a cloth, the problem is that the resistance value increases, and the accuracy of the sensor may decrease due to the irregularity of the electrode surface.To solve the problem, we recently reported a wearable potentiometric sodium ion sensor by transfer printing technique3). In case of transfer printing, a sensor is firstly formed on a smooth substrate. Then the sensor is transferred by heating with pressure on a textile with high accuracy irregularities. In this study, we newly produced and evaluated potassium ion sensors by transfer printing technique.Schematic diagram of electrodes and the potassium ion sensor is shown in Figure 1 (a). Electrodes of the sensor were formed on a PET film by laminating overcoat, resist ink, carbon ink, Ag/AgCl ink, and adhesive using screen printing. The potassium ion selective membrane was prepared on the carbon electrode surface by drop-casting 8 μL of the solution which valinomycin, PVC, DOS, and KTCIPB were dissolved in THF and drying overnight. The Ag/AgCl reference electrode was prepared by drop-casting 8 μL of the solution which PVB and NaCl were dissolved in methanol and drying overnight. The sensor on the PET film was formed on the cloth using a heat transfer machine, and the potential difference measurement between the potassium ion selective electrode and the reference electrode was measured using a potassium chloride solution of 10-7 ~ 10-1 M.Figure 1 (b) shows the relationship between EMF of the sensor formed on the cloth by thermal transfer and potassium ion concentration. The sensor shows a linear region proportional to the potassium ion concentration in the range of 0.1 ~ 100 mM. Since the concentration of potassium ions in general human sweat is 4 ~ 24 mM4), the calculated detection lower limit suggests that this sensor may be used to quantify potassium ions in human sweat. Furthermore, selectivity coefficients of sensors for sodium ions and ammonium ions abundant in human sweat were calculated by a single solution method. The selectivity coefficient of sodium ions is , and the selectivity of ammonium ions is . These results suggest selectively measure potassium ion levels in human sweat.References1) Guinovart et al., Anal. Chem., 138, 7031-7038 (2013).2) Jeerapan et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 4, 18342 (2016).3) Watanabe et al., Chemical Sensors, 33 (Supplement A), 67-69 (2017).4) Sonner et al., Biomicrofluidics, 9, 031301-10 (2015).AcknowledgmentsThis work was partially supported by JST-ASTEP Grant Number JPMJTS1513, JSPS Grant Number 17H02162 and Private University Research Branding Project (2017-2019) from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and Tokyo University of Science Grant for President's Research Promotion． Figure 1

Traditional arts and crafts: Responsible lifestyle products design through heat transfer printing

Sustainability is the key to responsible production and conservation of environment, which is the need of the hour. Indian motifs based on traditional textile arts and crafts have always been a source of inspiration not only to Indian designers but also have intrigued global designers. These motifs can be adapted into lifestyle products through modern techniques of surface enrichment. Lifestyle products hold a lucrative market in the textile sector. Apron is one such lifestyle product which falls under the category of accessories. This study explores how traditional knowledge of Indian arts and crafts can open up avenues for responsible designing of lifestyle products. In the present study, fifty motifs/designs from textile and architectural sources of Manipur were collected from secondary sources, adapted and simplified for application in kitchen apron using CorelDraw X3 software. Ten adapted designs were selected through visual inspection by a panel of thirty judges. The design arrangements were developed for kitchen apron by preparing line patterns, motifs/designs layout and colourways, respectively. The outcome of every step was visually evaluated by the same panel of thirty judges, except for the line patterns, on five point scale. The prototype scoring highest weighted mean score i.e., rank I was selected for further developing the following consequent steps. The finalized designs were printed on the paper using disperse dyes. The printed papers were then used to transfer designs on the constructed and finished apron made of polyester/cotton blended fabric. The cost of apron was estimated Rs. 244/- which can be reduced if produced in bulk. Consumer assessment was carried out for the printed apron on various aesthetic parameters. Consumers’ acceptance for the printed apron was found high which reflected its marketability owing to uniqueness of the motifs, traditional values associated with the traditional motifs of Manipur, sharpness of design lines, the clarity of prints and the reasonable price. Thus, study outcome revealed that the designs inspired from traditional textile arts and crafts of Manipur can be successfully rejuvenated into lifestyle products through heat transfer printing which is environmentally feasible, socially acceptable and economically viable.

Vapour phase transfer printing of polyester fabrics

Transfer printing of polyester fabrics using disperse dye vapors is performed by contacting the un-dyed polyester fabrics (receptor) with other heavily dyed polyester fabrics (donor) under the influence of heat and pressure, a technique well known as heat transfer printing. The evolved disperse dye vapors will flow across the small air gap existing between the inner donor and receptor surfaces. Studies revealed that the dye uptake by the receptor fabrics is dependent on the original disperse dye content of the donor fabrics as well as, the transfer printing conditions, (temperature, time). Subsequently the released dye from the donor fabrics strongly depend on the amount of dye present originally. It was proved also that the dyed polyester donor fabrics could be used multiple times producing prints having similar color strength values to a certain extent. The possibility of application of the process as continuous process was also investigated. The color fastness and mechanical properties of the prints were assessed and found to be acceptable.

Synthesis of 4-hydroxy coumarin dyes and their applications

PurposeThe present study aims to focus on the possibility of developing new eco-friendly azo dyes with good colouristic application properties, exhibiting biological and pharmacological activities.Design/methodology/approachCoupling of 4-hydroxycoumarin with a variety of aromatic diazonium salts of 2-aminothiazole, 2-aminobenzothiazole, 4-aminoantipyrine, 4-aminoacetophenone, adenine sulphate, a-naphthylamine and sulphadimidine to produce novel azo dyes. The compounds were fully characterised using spectroscopic and analytical methods. All of the compounds were tested for their antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant activities. The prepared dyestuffs were dyed on polyester fabrics and subsequently their dyeing properties, light, washing, perspiration, rubbing and sublimation fastness were determined.FindingsThe spectroscopic data of the synthesised compounds have provided decisive evidence that such compounds exist in the solid state as the azo-dike to form C and in solution in equilibrium tautomer forms A, B and D. The prepared dyestuffs are suitable for either heat transfer printing or traditional printing on polyester and nylon 6 fabrics. The prints obtained from the dyes possess high colour strength, as well as good overall fastness properties. Also the synthesised compounds exhibit good biological and pharmacology activity.Research limitations/implicationsSynthesis of these seven azo dyes for textile dyeing had never been reported previously.Practical implicationsThe dyestuffs derived from 4-hydroxycoumarin are reasonable azo disperse dyestuffs giving good all round fastness properties on polyester fabrics.Social implicationsProduction of less expensive and new eco-friendly dyes exhibit antimicrobial and anticancer activity.Originality/valueIt provided a potentially simple way to synthesize novel coumarin azo-dyes exhibit good biological and pharmacology activity and also exhibit good overall fastness properties.

Thermal stability, curing kinetics and properties of polyurethanes system for in‐mould decoration ink

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study thermal stability, curing kinetics and physico‐chemical properties of polyurethanes systems for application in in‐mould decoration (IMD) ink.Design/methodology/approachThe thermal stability of three Polyurethane (Pu) systems A, B, C were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The kinetic parameters of the curing reaction of Pu system C were calculated using non‐isothermal curing kinetics analysis, including the activation energy Ea, the reaction rate constant K(T), the reaction order n, the initial curing temperature (Ti), the peak temperature (Tp), and the finishing temperature (Tf). Additionally, physico‐chemical properties were also evaluated such as flexibility, impact resistance, pencil hardness, adhesive attraction and solvent resistance.FindingsTGA showed that thermal decomposition temperature T5 (5 wt.% weight loss), T10 (10 wt.% weight loss) and Tend (decomposition termination temperature) of Pu system C was 344°C, 363°C, and 489°C, respectively. T5, T10, Tend increased by 77°C, 61°C, 4°C, respectively, and the char yield at 600°C increased by 25.1 wt.% comparing with Pu system B. Curing kinetics analysis showed that Ea of Pu system C was 62.29 KJ/mol, 65.98 KJ/mol and 65.95 KJ/mol by Kissinger, Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa and Ozawa method, respectively. The order of the curing reaction (n=0.90) demonstrated that it was a complex reaction. Moreover, Pu system C exhibited good physico‐chemical properties. The results showed that Pu system C was suitable to apply into IMD ink.Research limitations/implicationsThe TGA analysis, curing kinetics analysis and evaluation of physico‐chemical properties provided a simple and practical solution to study suitable resins for IMD ink application.Practical implicationsIMD ink for heat transfer printing technology is highly efficient, relatively low cost, clean and environmentally safe. It has been widely applied into medical and pharmaceutical products, electronic devices, telecommunication equipment, computer parts, appliance panels, automotive parts, etc.Originality/valueIn this paper, the thermal stability and curing kinetics of Pu for IMD ink are reported for the first time. The paper gives very interesting and important information about thermal stability, curing kinetics and properties of Pu coating system for IMD ink application.

Automation for a Vacuum Heat Transfer Printing Platform

The VHTP platform presented in this study is for computer mouse pattern transfer. Works needed to be completed before VHTP processes are listed as following: A specially-made mouse fixture is used, and a mouse shell is fixed on it for pattern decorations. Next, a multi-layer coated film is precisely fixed on the mouse fixture with the pattern on the film touched the mouse shell. Finally, the mouse fixture is moved onto the VHTP platform. This study is dedicated to making an innovative automated machine to replace the manpower as well as maintaining the same production rate and accuracy. The mechanism first used to separate the unwanted cover from the multi-layer film of decoration pattern is designed; our brand new design consumes less material and less cost than the existing film stripping mechanisms, which are mostly used in vacuum technology and adhesive tapes. After separation, the film was cut to remove part of the protective layer of the pattern film. Then, the film is moved to a stripping mechanism which is used to remove the protective layer of the film by clamping a portion of the film where the protective layer was cut in the previous process on the mouse fixture. The mouse fixture is then rotated to strip the film off the protection layer which is not been cut. In the mean time the film is precisely attached on the mouse fixture and covers the mouse fixture with the film. The automation of the VHTP is then completed.

Application Research Color Management in the Transfer Printing Based on the Linear Regression Algorithm

There are many factors that effect the quality of the heat transfer printing products. The CRT in prepress is the most important factor. In this paper, the color ladder segmentation is spaced at 5. The color of the CRT is tested with X-RITE color monitor optiomizer. According to the data and the curve, the function model of color characteristic features is set up. We made the common test plates which is to verify the error of the function model. As a result, The range of color error in the heat transferring printing is reduced. The color management profile is put forward, the quality of transferring printing is improved. A reference is provided for the color management in the heat transfer printing.

Research on the Application of G7 in the Gravure Printing Products

The heat transfer printing is a new application in the textile industry. Gravure printing is the most common method in the heat transfer printing. The Gravure printing qualities of the paper play a decisive role in the textiles. GRACoL7 breaks with tradition by raising gray balance to a more important status to realize the different printing materials with the same appearance. GRACoL 7 process is accorded with human observation rule .In this paper, We introduce the process, the principle and the parameters of G7 .The purpose was to provide reference for printing industry.

Structure and Properties of Modifier for Heat Transfer Printing on Cotton Fabric

Modifier for heat transfer printing on cotton fabrics was prepared by semi-continuous emulsion polymerization process with butyl acrylate (BA), styrene (St), acrylonitrile (AN) and cross-linking monomer. FT-IR characterization of modifier groups showed that individual monomer well carried out polymerization. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) photos demonstrated that latex particles had regular spherical shape and uniform distribution. TGA curves indicated that thermal decomposition temperature of modifier was 439 oC. As for the transfer printing products had good colour fastness, high transfer rate and no formaldehyde.

Research on the Color Models of the Heat Transfer Printing Paper

The heat transfer printing is a new application of printing to textile industry. At present, there are no unified standards and parameters. In this paper, The parameters such as printing density, printing color gamut, the color efficiency of heat transfer printing papers and fabrics are tested. The evaluated printing quality parameters are put forward, therefore the reference standards are provided the reliable guidance for the heat transfer printing industry.

Color Reproduction Capability on 100% Cotton Fabrics Using Dye-Sublimation Heat Transfer Printing

It is well known that dye sublimation inks are designed to bond with polymers. In the textile industry, however, the most common printed textiles are made of cotton and cotton blends. 100% cotton accounts for approximately 45% of the textile market. Recent developments in heat transfer paper carrier made it possible to use heat transfer printing on 100% cotton fabrics. Color reproduction capability of a heat thermal print is highly related to the amount of dye transferred. To achieve high dye transfer efficiency and obtain the best color reproduction capability, three primary parameters, heat transfer temperature, dwell time in the heat zone, and pressure, need to be taken into account. The main purposes of this experimental study are: first, to identify the most important factors that influence color reproduction on 100% cotton fabrics using heat transfer printing; second, to establish optimum process operating conditions so that the maximum yield of color gamut and optical density could be obtained. The experiment was conducted using a randomized 23 factorial design in which every factor was run at two specified levels (1 = high level, &#x2212;1 = low level). The factorial levels were determined based upon the practical operating conditions of the heat transfer press. Three independent factors in this study are: dwell time in the heat zone (X1), transfer temperature (X2), and pressure (X3). Color reproduction capability was evaluated in terms of optical density and gamut volume. It was found that pressure (X3) is the dominant factor affecting color reproduction on 100% cotton fabrics.