Heat Transfer Patterns Research Articles

Heat Transfer Enhancement in Pulsating Flows: A Bayesian Approach to Experimental Correlations

Abstract This research focuses on improving the modeling of heat transfer effects in pulsating exhaust flows. We address the challenges of understanding oscillating flow by employing the Metropolis–Hastings Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling method for parameter estimation, accounting for measurement uncertainties. The knowledge can be applied to waste heat from reciprocating devices, pulsating turbocharger performance, and flow fields with significant cyclic variations. We demonstrate the feasibility of characterizing heat transfer capacity in pulsating flows using Bayesian inference and polynomial regression for experimental data correlation. This methodology is furthermore applied to identify heat transfer patterns in cold gas flow through a heated pipe across a range of mass flowrates and pulsating frequencies. To achieve this, the thermal performance variations across the length of the pipe through temperature and pressure changes are quantified. The model developed exhibits robust performance and high data efficiency (R2∈[0.83,0.89]) and notable extrapolation capacity in predicting mean heat transfer behavior based on boundary measurements. The results address the lack of experimental insights into pulsating flows encountered in heavy-duty transport applications and can be extended for heat recovery in systems such as exhaust manifolds and organic Rankine cycle gas turbines.

The influence of lymphatic vessels on nanoparticle distribution and heat transfer within tissue

AbstractThis study analytically investigates the dynamics of nanoparticle transport within a three‐dimensional porous cylinder simulating a lymphatic vessel, without external heat sources. The governing equations and boundary conditions are transformed to yield a system of ordinary differential equations, which are solved numerically using MATLAB built‐in function, bvp4c. Key parameters are visually examined and physically interpreted in relation to temperature, velocity, concentration, and Nusselt number profiles. The study reveals that the distribution of temperature and Nusselt number are maximized by increasing the heat transfer coefficient, whereas NP concentration is increased by decreasing it. Furthermore, the Brownian motion parameter enhances both heat transmission and NP concentration. It is also observed that simpler extravasation into lymphatics decreases tissue nanoparticle levels and heat conduction. Ultimately, optimal intra‐lymphatic nanoparticle distribution pathways are achieved by specifically varying heat transfer and interstitial mass flux patterns. By simulating biological barriers and lymphatic drainage, this model enhances our understanding of the underlying transport mechanisms controlling nanoparticle mobilization.

Improvement in heat transfer and flow pattern of sprayed falling on horizontal tubes with rib structure for a sewage source heat pump

The falling film flow and heat transfer characteristics are critical to improve the performance of spray heat exchangers in a sewage source heat pump (SSHP), which is influenced by the operating and structural parameters. Therefore, considering the unique flow patterns of wastewater falling film caused by the oily content, and the influence of heat exchange tubes with surface structures on flow and heat transfer, two types of heat exchanger tubes with axial and circumferential ribs were designed and the falling flow over tubes were investigated through CFD method using VOF model. The falling film flow pattern, liquid film coverage and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) outside the ribbed heat exchange tubes were investigated, and the influence of rib structures and Re were analyzed. It was found that oily wastewater liquid film spreaded differently depending on the rib structures, and circumferential ribs of case 2 improved the flow pattern by increasing film coverage, which obviously affected the tube HTC. At higher Re, the ribbed tubes displayed higher potential in better heat transfer performance. Therein, the circumferential ribbed tubes showed highest average HTC, with up to 31.9 % higher than smooth tubes, which can be further enhanced by increasing Re. This study provides a foundation for enhancing the heat transfer performance of spray heat exchangers in sewage source heat pumps through the design and modification of tube surface structures.

Influence of solid cylinders on fluid flow and thermal analysis in a curved channel with constant magnetic field

The current study explores the numerical simulation of constant mixed convection heat transfer and fluid flow within a channel, driven by the inlet velocity. The investigation focuses on a curved irregular channel where the presence of three differently sized circular obstacles introduces an unpredictable element to the heat transfer process. For the two-dimensional physical scenario, mathematical equations are formulated to analyze velocity and temperature. Employing appropriate dimensional variables, the coupled partial differential equations are transformed into dimensionless form. Subsequently, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is employed to simulate the results for non-dimensional physical parameters such as Reynolds number, Richardson number, Hartmann number, nanoparticles' volume fraction, and various states of the circular obstacles on heated lines, flow structure, velocities, and temperatures at mean positions generating isotherms, streamlines, velocity, and temperature profiles for various parameter increments. The analysis reveals significant influences of Reynolds number (Re) and heated circular obstacles on the temperature profile, manifesting as heated lines within the system. The analysis brings to light the substantial impacts of nanoparticles on the temperature profile at both the vertical and horizontal mean positions. An elevated Hartmann number signifies a more robust magnetic field than viscous forces. A heightened magnetic field can hinder fluid movement and modify the patterns of heat transfer. Based on the graphical results, we infer that temperature differences tend to arise between strata as the Richardson number increases, leading to a heightened and more evident stratification.

Analysis of thermo-hydraulic flow and optimisation heat augmentation in 3D dimpled pipe based on design of experiment method and Taguchi technique evaluation

In this work, the numerical analysis concentrates on investigating thermal flow patterns, pressure drops, varying velocity components and heat transfer behaviour. Impacts of four parameters on the enhancement of thermohydraulic performance are carried out using three-dimensional calculations employing CFD techniques: different spacing, diameter, number and distance for dimples were investigated. Additionally, utilising a design of experiments (DoE) strategy together with the Taguchi technique (TT) and response surface methodology (RSM), the impacts of the factors listed below are optimised. The results indicated that the different flow fields and heat transfer patterns were because of the use of depressions on the tube's inner surface. A comprehensive flow investigation with the dimple and tube wall was established to explain the mechanism of pressure drop and heat transfer change. The results of orthogonal experiments show that the optimal design of the spiral tube in this investigation using computational fluid dynamics using DoE, RSM and TT has a temperature difference and heat transfer coefficient of about 35.75% and 36.1% higher improved pipes. The results show a high PEF value greater than 1. According to the above results, various design applications require flow hydrodynamic analysis and heat performance enhancement.

Influence of the firing atmosphere onto the thermal transformation of iron-enriched kaolin

Understanding the transformations and interactions of kaolinite with secondary phases is a key point to control the physical and chemical properties of resulting materials. The production of ceramics involves multiple steps, among which, sintering is a critical step regarding the achievement of the target properties of use.The sintering environment and the surrounding atmosphere can significantly affect the transformation kinetics by changing heat transfer patterns and phase stability. Therefore, the challenge of the present study was to understand the effects of such modifications, especially on the physical and chemical transformations of kaolin-based ceramics regarding the presence of iron-enriched compounds.One typical kaolin was chosen as new material for this study: a kaolin denoted “CR” that was provided by Imerys company. The influence of chemically added iron oxide was studied according with reference to the Ellingham diagram. To this end, controlled additions of 5 and 10 wt% of added iron oxide were performed. The thermal behaviour of these samples was investigated from room temperature to 1400 °C under controlled atmosphere using air, argon, or nitrogen. DTA/TG, XRD and SEM analyses were performed to enhance the understanding of the phase transformations and interactions of kaolinite with iron oxide. The presence of iron in kaolin promoted the formation of secondary mullite at lower temperatures, followed by cristobalite formation under air. When the atmosphere was modified using argon or nitrogen (lower partial pressure of dioxygen) these effects were even more pronounced. In addition to decreasing the onset temperature of secondary mullite and cristobalite crystallisation, the reaction paths were modified.

Numerical investigation of the heat transfer and flow pattern on tandem triangle-grooved cylinders

Modifying surface characteristics and geometric structure to regulate heat transfer and flow fields is a classical issue. The study of wake dynamics and heat transfer efficiency in tandem grooved cylinders hold fundamental importance. This research proposes a configuration of tandem cylinders with triangle-grooved surfaces and numerical simulates the vorticity, fluid forces, Strouhal numbers, and convective heat transfer in tandem grooved cylinders. The parameters investigated include orientation angles θ = 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90° and Reynolds numbers Re = 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200. This study focuses on how the triangle-grooved angle (θ) and Re affect wake dynamics and thermal performance. Numerical results are validated against available data in the literature for tandem smooth and tandem grooved cylinders. The results indicate that, compared to tandem smooth cylinders, the positive vorticity intensity of tandem grooved cylinders is 35.7 % higher, while the negative vorticity intensity is 23.5 % lower. Further observations show that at θ = 45°, the pressure variation on the upstream cylinder is most significant, approximately twice that at θ = 0° and θ = 90°. Notably, the variation values of the downstream cylinder (β = 0°) at θ = 0° and θ = 45° are triple and double that of the upstream cylinder in TF mode, respectively. Additionally, at θ = 0°, the root mean square lift coefficient of the downstream cylinder reaches the maximum value (Re = 75–100), approximately 1.34. When Re = 125, CL(rms),1 decreases by 15.7 % to 1.13. Particularly, when Re = 100–150, the time-averaged drag coefficient of the downstream cylinder shows a peak value of approximately 1.02. Interestingly, at Re = 200, a tadpole-shaped thermal distribution forms in the wake region of the upstream cylinder. Furthermore, the time-averaged Nusselt number ratio (θ = 0°) exhibits a trend opposite to other cases over a broader range (125 ≤ Re ≤ 200) and peaks at Re = 200, approximately 1.24.

Simulation and verification of cylinder head’s temperature field for marine low-speed engine

Abstract The high load capacity of marine low-speed engines poses a challenge to the thermal load of the cylinder head and temperature field simulation can guide its structural design and optimization. The 3-dimensional models of the fluid domain for the cooling water and the solid domain for the cylinder head are established and meshed, the fluid domain model is simulated to research the heat transfer pattern by Fluent software, and the surface temperature and heat transfer coefficient of the cooling water is calculated. The thermal boundary conditions of the gas in the cylinder are simulated through the analysis of the engine working process. The temperature of the cylinder head is calculated based on the fluid-structure interaction model with the thermal boundary conditions by Workbench software. The validation of the model is carried out by comparing the simulated and measured temperature data in the heated inner wall of the cylinder head. The research results show that compared with the measured value, the error of simulation results is small, which shows that the model and method are reasonable. The temperature in the inner wall of the combustion chamber is low, which can provide possibilities to appropriately improve the power density of the low-speed engine and reduce the risk of low-temperature corrosion.

Fire resistance analysis and protection measures for cable components of suspension bridges

The growing number of vehicle fire incidents on suspension bridges poses a significant threat to the safety of the cable body components of these structures. This study focuses on the Longtan Bridge and employs a coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics-Finite Element Method (CFD-FEM) approach to recreate the environment of a tanker truck fire. A three-dimensional heat transfer model of the cable components and a structural fire resistance analysis model of the entire bridge are established. The study reveals the heat transfer patterns of cable components under a tanker truck fire and the evolution of the bridge structure's performance. Additionally, fire protection measures for cable components are proposed. The results indicate that during a tanker truck fire, the bridge deck exhibits a spatial transient temperature field, with temperatures around the cable components reaching 1170 °C, causing the highest temperature experienced by the steel wires on the cable surface to reach 736 °C. Under fire conditions, there is a redistribution of internal forces between the cables, with the fire-affected cable experiencing a decrease in internal forces and significant increases in adjacent cables' internal forces. The fire leads to plastic deformation in the fire-affected cable, resulting in permanent damage to the cables. When the number of cables broken due to fire at the midspan of the Longtan Bridge reaches six, the stress in the adjacent cables reaches 1861 MPa, exceeding the cables' ultimate tensile strength, leading to a progressive collapse of the entire bridge structure. The proposed heat-expansion fireproof coating and combination fire protection measures meet the regulatory requirements for fire resistance. It is recommended to apply a 3.5 mm thick heat-expansion fireproof coating on the main cable and cable components of the Longtan Bridge for fire protection. The research findings can serve as a reliable basis for establishing a fire protection system for the cable components of the Longtan Bridge.

Mixed convection flows from a revolving cylindrical cavity

Efforts are made to describe the thermofluidic behavior around a spinning hot cylindrical open cavity with negligible wall thickness suspended in air within the laminar regime. Several important input parameters, such as, Rayleigh number ( 10 2 ≤ Ra ≤ 10 6 ) , aspect ratio ( 0.5 ≤ H / D ≤ 10 ) , and Reynolds number ( 0 ≤ Re D ≤ 300 ) are considered to carry out the ongoing numerical analysis. Firstly, thermal plumes are provided to describe the pattern of flow and heat transfer around the heated surfaces of shell by considering the effect of Ra , H / D , and Re D . It is predicted that the heated plume is thrown radially due to the presence of swirling motion ( Re D ≠ 0 ) of the cylindrical shell unlike the pattern of thermal plume around the stationary vessel. Furthermore, the influence of Re D on behavior of cooling rate from inner ( Q iw ) and outer ( Q ow ) surfaces has also been predicted by considering both stationary and swirling conditions. A substantial growth in Q iw is noticed with the growth of Re D for a constant H / D . This effect is substantially greater at lower H / D compared to higher H / D . Again, attempts are made to elucidate the influence of Re D on Nusselt number for cylindrical inner wall ( Nu cyl − iw ) , cylindrical outer wall ( Nu cyl − ow ) , base inner wall ( Nu base − iw ) , and base outer wall ( Nu base − ow ) . Fluid flow behavior around the stationary and revolving cylindrical open cavity is also explained by employing velocity vectors. Finally, an appropriate correlation demonstrating a reasonable agreement with numerical data is found for average Nusselt number in terms of Ra , H / D , and Re D .

A computational analysis on two phase Eyring-Powell (non-Newtonian) dust particles flow for heat and mass transfer phenomenon with variable thermal features

In this instigation, the heat and mass transfer pattern on Eyring-Powell nanofluid with suspension of dust particles is focused. For heat transfer phenomenon, the Eyring-Powell nanofluid capturing the variable thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the variable and mass diffusivity assumptions are entertained for summarizing the observations chemical reaction phenomenon. The flow is endorsed to magnetic force impact. The additional impact of Brownian motion and thermophoresis consequences have been adopted. The numerical computations with shooting technique are performed. The physical aspects of parameters have been observed graphically. Based on depicted observations, it is examined that the fluid velocity reduces due to interaction velocity parameter which reverse trend is noted for dust particles velocity. The temperature profile for dusty fluid particles enhanced due to interaction parameter for temperature. Furthermore, the concentration profile reduces due to concentration interaction parameter. Current results present applications in solar energy, thermal processes, heat transform devices cooling systems, plasma, manufacturing processes, energy systems, etc.

Thermal Effects of 445 nm Laser Irradiation on the Bovine Tongue Tissues Ex Vivo

The purpose of this study was to employ the use of thermographic techniques to compare temperature changes and thermal heat transfer patterns in soft tissues when using the 445nm-diode laser with initiated and non-initiated tips. Methods: Bovine tongue slices measuring 5 mm in thickness were placed in between two microscopy glass slides at a distance of 11 cm from a thermographic camera. Fifteen 2 cm long incisions were made along the surface of the soft tissue parallel to the glass slides and the camera capture field. Incisions were performed using a 445nm diode laser (continuous wave at 2 watts) with 320μm-thick glass initiated and non-initiated fiber tips for a total 30-second irradiation period. The maximum temperature changes in oC (ΔT) in the soft tissues, as well as the vertical and lateral heat transfer (in mm), were recorded at 10-second intervals for a duration of 30 seconds, using the thermographic images captured using the infrared camera and a special image analysis software. Descriptive statistical analysis occurred to evaluate the temperature changes over the critical temperature threshold. Results: The maximum ΔT in oC for the initiated lasers was 17.48 ± 9.05 and for non-initiated lasers was 10.72 ± 2.29. The heat transfer in the two groups for vertical/lateral was 7.50 ± 1.4/18.30 ± 4.01 for the initiated lasers and 7.10 ± 1.82/19.24 ± 3.86 for the non-initiated lasers. Conclusion: Initiated tips and non-initiated tips of 445nm laser present deep penetration depths and high temperatures in bovine homogenous soft tissues. The irradiation period and clinical indication must be strictly followed to avoid complications from overheating in soft tissues.

Lattice Boltzmann study on magnetohydrodynamic double-diffusive convection in Fe3O4–H2O nanofluid-filled porous media

Magnetohydrodynamic double-diffusive convection (MHD-DDC) in porous media has substantial significance in broad applications. However, due to the complexity of the DDC problems involving nanofluid, porous media, and external magnetic field at the same time, the MHD-DDC in nanofluid-filled porous media has rarely been studied. Besides, previous research on MHD convection problems usually focuses on magnetic fields or nanofluid effects. Effects of the thermal-to-mass properties, including the buoyancy radio (Br) and Lewis number (Le), on MHD-DDC problems have rarely been studied, seriously limiting the understanding and regulation of heat and mass transfer. Herein, we numerically study heat and mass transfer in the MHD-DDC within a square cavity containing a nanofluid of Fe3O4–H2O and a porous medium using a lattice Boltzmann method. A series of case studies are carried out to investigate the effects of Br, Le, and the medium porosity (ε) on the velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration. Results indicate that Br determines the rotation pattern of the streamline, while Le and ε can be utilized to regulate the intensity of heat and mass exchange. The results of this paper present a quantitative insight into regulating heat and mass transfer patterns in MHD-DDC problems.

Flow across a circular cylinder in an inclined channel stabilized by buoyancy

In this study, flow across a circular cylinder confined in an inclined channel is considered, with account taken of mixed convection. Cases with opposing or aiding buoyancy that is not in alignment with the incoming flow are considered, and it is found that the flow around and in the wake of the cylinder is affected. The effects of inclination and buoyancy on the flow and heat transfer patterns are investigated, with a focus on the stabilization and destabilization of flow by these two factors. Simulation results are analyzed with regard to the flow field, lift and drag forces, heat transfer, the deviation of separation and through-flow in the channel, and the temperatures on the channel walls. The flow is more strongly destabilized by an opposing buoyancy, but can be fully stabilized by an aiding buoyancy in an inclined channel. The drag on the cylinder is minimized around a critical Richardson number Ricr. The inclination of the channel has significant effects on the local heat transfer on the cylinder and on the characteristics of the through-flow. The pattern of the wake flow, i.e., whether it is steady or unsteady, affects the heating of the channel walls.

Discrete element method study of the mixing and heat transfer behaviour of a binary‐size granular system in a rotating drum

AbstractUnderstanding the internal solid motion and heat transfer behaviour within rotating drums is paramount for their design and operation across various industries. The discrete element method (DEM) is utilized to elucidate the general flow, mixing, and heat transfer characteristics of particles within rotating drums. Following model validation, this study delves into the mixing behaviour and heat transfer patterns of binary‐size particles in the rotating drum, while also assessing the impact of size ratio and rotating speed. The findings reveal that variations in particle size result in noticeable radial segregation, consequently affecting the heat transfer dynamics of solid phase within the system. Higher rotating speeds enhance mixing and dispersion of solid phase but lead to a decrease in the averaged particle temperature. Furthermore, the heat flux exhibits a negative correlation with particle size. Distinct heat transfer behaviours are observed among particles of different sizes in both active and passive areas, with larger particle size ratios exacerbating segregation, potentially impacting final product quality. In summary, these findings offer crucial insights into heat transfer phenomena in rotating drums, aiding in the design and operation of apparatus.

Experimental heat transfer analysis of the effects of thermophysical properties on PCM at freezing conditions employing Particle Image Velocimetry

Cold chain logistics of fresh produce distribution are facing new challenges owing to the increasing consumer demand, often traveling long distances, and facing temperature variations during storage and distribution stages. Nowadays, solutions for improving food preservation by searching effective energy storage strategies, such as the use of PCM, are capturing more interest. Nevertheless, most studies are focused on organic PCM with ambient temperature melting points analyses. This leaves an important research gap in the experimentation of other types of eutectic materials with melting points below 0 °C, something of great interest for food preservation in the refrigeration industry. Velocity vector field and heat transfer via natural convection in a small cavity filled with two different PCM at below 0 °C conditions were experimentally investigated employing temperature measurements and Particle Image Velocimetry. In this regard, brine (18.8 wt%) and ethylene glycol-water (EGW) blend (30.5 wt%) PCM with equal melting temperature, but different thermophysical properties, were selected to compare their thermal behavior. It was investigated the effects of thermophysical properties such as density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and viscosity on melting front, heat transfer and flow patterns through the evaluation of liquid fraction, heat storage, Nu, Gr, Ra, and velocity field. The maximum Nu value for brine was almost the double of that of EGW. Pr values of EGW were in average 1.88 times higher than those of brine. Besides, Gr and Ra values of brine were in average 7.23 and 3.97 higher than those of EGW, respectively.

A study of void fraction correlations used slip-ratio models

Void fraction, the fraction of the channel cross-sectional area occupied by the gas phase, is an important parameter in thermal-hydraulic two-phase flow study. Based on that, the component pressures, flow rate, heat transfer, and flow pattern transitions are determined. However, this parameter cannot be computed directly from the flow rate of each phase as the gas phase is generally considered to move faster than the liquid phase in a two-phase flow. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the void fraction model by using different slip ratio models. The void fraction is affected by mixture quality, temperature, pressure, flow direction, circulation mode, wall friction, and system geometry. Theoretically, the void fraction is defined as a function of slip, quality, density, and viscosity ratios. At a given pressure, the variables are mainly determined using the steam table. To evaluate void fraction models, we employ experimental data measured at different pressures on both horizontal and vertical tests. The comparison results show that while the original Smith void fraction correlation with k = 0.4 is applicable to horizontal tests, the modified one with k = 0.2 applies to vertical tests

Flow pattern-based heat transfer analysis of microchannel flow boiling: An experimental investigation

The present study investigates the flow boiling heat transfer and flow pattern of R245fa in a smooth, horizontal microchannel with an inner diameter of 1 mm. The experiments cover a range of mass flux from 300 to 700 kg/m2s and heat fluxes varying between 10 and 94 kW/m2, with corresponding saturation temperature of 23–54 °C. Heat transfer experiment results indicate that the local heat transfer coefficient (HTC) presents two distinct variation trends under different heat and mass flux conditions. In addition, the heat flux is positively correlated with the local HTC at each measure point. Visualization experiment results show that annular flow forms at low vapor quality and significantly influences heat transfer as the primary flow pattern. The flow boiling heat transfer of R245fa in the 1 mm microchannel can be characterized by three regimes: bubble/slug regime, liquid film evaporation regime, and intermittent dryout regime. Thin liquid film evaporation and intermittent dryout during annular flow predominately contribute to heat transfer. Finally, the experimental HTC is compared with five different predictive methods, revealing that the three-zone model proposed by Thome et al. [46] holds immense potential for estimating the local HTC in the microchannel.

Effects of inclination angle on Rayleigh–Bénard convection under non-Oberbeck–Boussinesq approximation in air

This study employs direct numerical simulations to explore the combined effects of inclination angles (ϕ) and non-Oberbeck–Boussinesq (NOB) conditions on heat transfer and flow patterns in inclined Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC). The simulations, conducted in air, classify flow behavior into seven regimes based on roll number and flow state. Heat-transport efficiency is found to be higher in the single-roll state. The study investigates the influence of NOB and inclination on top-bottom symmetry in a fluid-filled cavity, with systematic analysis revealing complex non-monotonic behaviors of the Nusselt number (Nu) and Reynolds number (Re) under different conditions. The effects of ϕ on heat transfer are significant in the modest to moderate range of Rayleigh numbers, becoming less pronounced as these values increase. The study finds that power-law scalings of Nu and Re are sensitive to the inclination angle and robust against NOB effects for ϕ≥40∘. Moreover, in NOB scenarios, the distributions of the local thermal boundary layers (BLs) along the hot and cold walls exhibit a lack of antisymmetry. As a result, there is an obvious deviation between the hot and cold global thermal BLs, which is further influenced by the inclination angle.

ANALYSIS OF FLUID-FLOW CHARACTERISTICS AND HEAT-TRANSFER PATTERNS AROUND A SQUARE BLUFF BODY

In this study, we investigate a numerical simulation of the flow and heat transfer characteristics around a single square cylinder subjected to incidence in a two-dimensional plane. The Reynolds and Prandtl numbers are set at <i>Re</i> = 100 and <i>Pr</i> = 0.71, respectively. The cylinder's surface is subjected to pressure and viscous forces due to the passing flow, with the magnitude of these forces influenced by the cross-sectional shape of the bluff body, the angle of attack, and flow velocity. The angle of orientation for the square cylinder varies from 0° to 45° in 5° increments. The study begins with comprehensively examining the governing equations, simulation procedures, and grid generation, employing an efficient and robust in-house finite volume code. Subsequently, we present and discuss the instantaneous streamlines, velocity components, vorticity, and isotherm patterns for different angles of attack. Additionally, global quantities such as viscous, pressure, total lift, drag coefficients, their root-mean-square, Strouhal, and Nusselt numbers are analyzed for various angles of attack. It is observed that the frequency of vortex shedding decreases with an increasing angle of attack. Furthermore, the values of global quantities and flow and temperature patterns remain relatively constant for angles of attack in the range of θ = 30°-45°. The numerical results show good agreement with experimental and numerical data in the existing literature.