High Temperature Heat Research Articles

Thermodynamic Models of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs): A Review

In the delicate context of climate change and global warming, new technologies are being investigated in order to reduce pollution. The SOFC stands out as one of the most promising fuel cell technologies for directly converting chemical energy into electrical energy, with the added benefit of potential integration into co-generation systems due to its high-temperature waste heat. They also offer multi-fuel flexibility, being able to operate on hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, and more. Additionally, they could contribute to carbon sequestration efforts and, when paired with a GT, achieve the highest efficiency in electricity generation for power plants. However, their development is still challenged by issues related to high-temperature materials, the design of cost-effective materials and manufacturing processes, and the optimization of efficient plant designs. To better understand SOFC operation, numerous mathematical models have been developed to solve transport equations coupled with electrochemical processes for three primary configurations: tubular, planar, and monolithic. These models capture reaction kinetics, including internal reforming chemistry. Recent advancements in modeling have significantly improved the design and performance of SOFCs, leading to a sharp rise in research contributions. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current state of SOFC modeling, highlighting key challenges that remain unresolved for further investigation by researchers.

Implementation of an Improved 100 CMM Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer to Reduce VOCs Gas

In this paper, an improved 100 CMM regenerative thermal oxidizer (RTO) is implemented for low-emission combustion. The existing RTO system is a cylindrical drum structure that cyclically introduces and discharges VOC gas into and from the rotating disk, and which achieves excellent energy efficiency with a heat recovery rate of more than 95%. However, the drive shaft designed under the RTO combustion chamber increases wear around the rotating shaft due to the load of the combustion chamber and there is a problem that the untreated gas is simultaneously released through the outlet due to the channeling phenomenon of the combustion chamber and the drive shaft. In addition, the combustion chamber, used at a high temperature of 800 °C, may cause serious problems such as rotation stop or explosion due to pollutants, dust accumulation, and thermal expansion in the chamber. Particularly when treating VOCs harmful gasses, RTO performance may be degraded due to the burner’s non-uniform temperature control and unstable combustion function. To solve this problem, first, the design of the combustion chamber rotating plate driving device is improved. Second, when treating high concentration VOC gas, the design of combustion chamber considers a temperature increase of up to 920 °C or more. For this, the diameter of the gas burner is 125 mm and the outlet dimension is set to 650 mm × 650 mm to effectively discharge high-temperature waste heat. Third, the heat storage material in the combustion chamber is composed of a ceramic block with a thickness of 250 mm, and the outer diameter and height of the combustion chamber are set to, 2530 mm and 1875 mm, respectively, to optimize gas residence time and heat insulation thickness. Fourth, we supplement safe operation by applying the trip control algorithm of the programmable logic controller (PLC) panel for failure prediction of RTO and the Edge-IoT-based intelligent algorithm for this. Finally, we evaluate the economic performance of 100 CMM RTO by conducting empirical experiments to analyze changes in VOCs removal efficiency, nitrogen oxide emission concentration, and total hydrocarbon (THC) concentration through 10 CMM design and implementation.

Assessment of heat storage integration for water vapour compression heat pumps: thermodynamic and techno-economic perspectives

ABSTRACT The integrated system, consisting of a two-stage high-temperature heat pump (HTHP) and thermal energy storage (TES), has been proposed as an effective solution to reduce CO2 emissions in industrial processes effectively. The water vapour HTHP, which can supply heat at 200°C, demonstrated a coefficient of performance (COP) between 4.4 and 7.5. Two different TES systems were introduced: concrete sensible heat storage (SHS) and strontium bromide/water (SrBr2/H2O) thermochemical energy storage (TCES). While the concrete SHS is limited to temperature below 200°C, the SrBr2/H2O TCES can deliver heat between 196°C and 228°C with higher cycle efficiency. The integrated system of HTHP and SrBr2/H2O TCES achieved a net present value (NPV) of €464,559 and €182,374 over a 20-years lifespan, with internal rates of return (IRR) ranging from 15.8% to 23.6%. This HTHP and TCES system has sufficient potential to replace fossil-fuel industrial boilers, leading to significant reduction in CO2 emissions in industrial processes.

Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Methanol–Diesel Dual Fuel Engine at Different Altitudes

Currently, in the two technological approaches for using diesel pilot injection to ignite methanol and partially substituting diesel fuel with methanol, neither can fully achieve carbon neutrality in the context of internal combustion engines. Compression-ignition direct-injection methanol marine engines exhibit significant application potential because of their superior fuel economy and lower carbon emissions. However, the low cetane number of methanol, coupled with its high ignition temperature and latent heat of vaporization, poses challenges, especially amidst increasingly stringent marine emission regulations. It is imperative to comprehensively explore the impacts of the engine geometry, intake boundary conditions, and injection strategies on the engine performance. This paper first investigates the influence of the compression ratio on the engine performance, subsequently analyzes the effects of intake conditions on methanol ignition characteristics, and finally compares the combustion characteristics of the engine under different fuel injection timings. When the compression ratio is set at 13.5, only an injection timing of −30 °CA can initiate methanol compression ignition, but the combustion is not ideal. For compression ratios of 15.5 and 17.5, all the injection timings studied can ignite methanol. Reasonable increases in the intake pressure and intake temperature are beneficial for methanol compression ignition. However, when the intake temperature rises from 400 K to 500 K, a decrease in the thermal efficiency is observed. Particularly, at an injection timing of −30 °CA, both the peak cylinder pressure and peak cylinder temperature are higher, the ignition occurs earlier, the combustion process shifts forward, and the combustion efficiency and indicated thermal efficiency are at higher levels. Furthermore, the overall emissions of NOX, HC, and CO are relatively low. Therefore, selecting an appropriate injection timing is crucial to facilitate the compression ignition and combustion of methanol under low-load conditions.

Performance Analysis of a Water-Injected Twin-Screw Compressor in a High-Temperature R718 Heat Pump

Abstract High-temperature heat pumps with twin-screw compressors and water (R718) as the working fluid show promising potential for providing industrial heat and process steam at temperature levels of up to 200 °C. This paper presents a simulation approach for a two-layered simulation structure of a water-based high-temperature heat pump system including a twin-screw compressor with water-injection. The heat pump process with two-phase steam compression is investigated with respect to various aspects. In addition to controlling the compressor outlet temperature, the evaporation of the injected liquid leads to an increase in the displaced mass flow rate on the sink side of the heat pump. This effect is analyzed in detail for various system operating points using a thermodynamic simulation framework for the R718-based heat pump cycle and a comprehensive compressor model. The main target of the presented paper is the analysis of system performance and the detailed investigation of the interdependencies. Performance of the twin-screw compressor is determined by means of two-phase chamber model simulations. In the chamber model method thermodynamic properties of both injected liquid and steam are calculated based on the conservation equations of mass and energy for the compression process. Adequate sub-models for internal leakage and heat and mass transfer between vapor and liquid phase are applied. Integral results of the compressor simulations are embedded in the heat pump system simulation using a characteristic map. In conclusion, this paper contributes to the understanding of advanced compression technologies in the field of high-temperature heat pumps, offering a detailed examination of a water-injected steam compressor’s applicability and efficiency in a practical system setting.

Metallic wood-based phase change material with superior anisotropic thermal conductivity and energy storage capacity

In this study, metallic wood-based phase change material (MWM) with high performance anisotropic thermal conductivity and energy storage capacity was developed by impregnating wood with myristic acid, and subsequent introducing low melting point alloy (LMA) into the wood through a facile alternating high and low temperature heat treatment. The heat-driven LMA was rapidly squeezed into the cell lumens of the wood so as to effectively inhibit the leakage of the internal myristic acid during melting. Benefited with the well-aligned and hierarchical porous structure, the filled LMA formed a continuous heat transfer network along the highly oriented transport tissue of wood, which could greatly reduce the interfacial thermal resistance and promote heat transfer. Compared with untreated wood, the thermal conductivity of MWM in longitudinal and radial directions were improved by more than 67 % and 75 %, respectively. In addition, it exhibited superior energy storage capability, with the latent heat of 90.23 J/g and 86.42 J/g during melting and solidification. The thermal stability and anti-leakage performance were satisfied. The phase change temperatures, enthalpies and chemical structure of MWM remained unchanged after 100 thermal cycles, demonstrating outstanding cycling reliability. With excellent energy storage performance and favourable thermal conductivity, the prepared MWM shows a promising application in energy saving buildings and solid wood floors.

Investigation on energy and mass distribution characteristics of granules in the composite heat exchanger

A composite heat exchanger for high-temperature granule waste heat recovery is proposed. Granular mass and energy distribution within the composite heat exchanger are simulated via the CFD-DEM coupling method. The effects of granular size, cooling gas velocity, and granular mass flow rate on granular distribution and the temperature distribution are analyzed. Results demonstrated that under the combined action of airflow impact force and gravity, the granule produces an uneven distribution in time and space. Larger granule tends to be positioned closer to the gas inlet horizontally. Along the direction from the gas inlet to the gas outlet, granules exhibit a trend of decreasing size, mass, and temperature. The influence of gas velocity predominantly affects the area coverage rate, whereas the effect of granular mass flow rate is minimal. The area coverage rate initially increases with rising gas velocity and subsequently decreases, peaking at 73.8% at 12 m/s. After the heat exchange process reached a stable state, the number of contacting granules accounted for only 0.37% of the total granules, making heat conduction between granules negligible. Convective heat transfer dominates, accounting for approximately 86.52% of the total heat exchange, while radiation heat transfer accounts for about 13.48%.

Analysis of a Coupled Calcium Oxide-Potassium Carbonate Salt Hydrate based Thermochemical Energy Storage System

A coupled thermochemical energy storage (TCES) system consisting of calcium oxide (for high temperature storage) and potassium carbonate salt hydrate (for medium temperature storage) is analyzed for long-term high temperature heat storage. The coupled TCES system is expected to have smaller volume requirement as evaporator and condenser of the conventional TCES system are replaced by a second reactor. The rate expressions for hydration-dehydration reactions of both storage materials are modified to calculate the reaction completion times, which provide the rate limiting process. A thermodynamic analysis is carried out for the operating cycle of the coupled TCES system to study the impact of operating parameters on the system performance. It is observed that the charging temperature of the individual storage material has significant impact on the performance of the coupled TCES system. The analysis reveals that the coupled TCES system with optimized parameters operating in a cold ambient at 10 °C, achieves a cycle efficiency of 58.6 %, exergy efficiency of 49.1 %, specific heating power of 127.8 W kg-1 and volumetric energy storage density of 269.0 kWh m-3.

Thermal and economic performance assessment of different high temperature heat pump layouts for upgrading district heating to process heating of steam production at 160°C

Thermal and economic performance assessment of different high temperature heat pump layouts for upgrading district heating to process heating of steam production at 160°C

Design and Improvement of Curved Envelope Meshing Pair Profile of Single Screw Compressor

Abstract In recent years, the wear problem of the wheel tooth in the single screw compressor (SSC had been solved due to the development and application of various envelope profiles. Among these profiles, the curved envelope profile shows performance advantages, which displays great application potential in the fields of high-temperature heat pump, steam compression, etc. However, SSC with curved envelop profile still faces the problem of incomplete design method, large leakage clearance, difficult processing and meshing pair interference under extreme conditions. Therefore, aiming at solving these problems, a coupling profile design method for the curved envelope meshing pair of the SSC was presented and studied. The profile equation of curved envelop meshing pair of a SSC with an ellipse profile as the characteristic line was established. The method of using standard tooth width was proposed for the quick geometric design of the SSC. The coupling profile design of the star wheel tooth angle and the groove bottom angle with variable diameter circular arc was invented. The equation of the transition arc surface of the bottom angle of the groove and the angle of the star wheel tooth was derived. It provided a theoretical basis for the design and improvement of meshing pair with curved envelop profile.

Thermodynamic simulation of a water-injected twin-screw steam compressor

Abstract Decarbonisation of industrial heating and process steam generation is crucial for the mitigation of advancing climate change. High-temperature heat pumps can meet these demands while effectively integrating with renewable energy sources, outperforming traditional heating and boiling systems, especially when operating with natural refrigerants. Since compressor efficiency is critical for the effectiveness of heat pump systems, particular care is required in compressor design and specification. Detailed thermodynamic simulations of the compressor system are indispensable in this process. The compression of fluids with a negative saturation vapour curve leads to challenging temperature increases during compression, with substantial superheating of the working fluid. In this context, a promising approach is the injection of liquid working fluid into the compressing chambers for internal cooling. This introduces new complexity to compressor simulations for heat-pump applications. In this work, a novel two-phase approach for multi-chamber model simulations of positive displacement compressors is presented. Initially, a quasi-isentropic reference process for vapour compression with internal liquid injection is introduced and efficiency ratings are derived. Furthermore, the simulation process is described in detail, and comprehensive thermodynamic simulations of a water-injected twin-screw steam compressor are carried out.

Maximising the potential of deep geothermal energy: Thermal output increase by large-scale heat pumps

Due to the high share of the heating market in Europés final energy consumption, it is mandatory to intensify the decarbonisation in this sector. Large-scale heat pumps could significantly contribute to different areas of application, like the supply of existing heating networks or the utilisation of industrial waste heat, by using various energy sources like geothermal, air or running water. However, there are still open research questions regarding the technical aspects like fluid selection or part load behaviour as well as economic aspects.This study investigates the potential of maximising the thermal capacity of existing geothermal heating plants by integrating large-scale heat pumps. To consider a realistic performance of the heat pump, experimental results are implemented into a techno-economic model. Annual simulations are carried out based on real data for a district heating network and the geothermal source. The experimental investigations of a high-temperature heat pump show the high impact of temperature lift, temperature glides and part load operation on the COP. Additionally, this investigated part load behaviour is implemented in the techno-economic model.For the techno-economic analyses, the levelized costs of heat (LCOH) are calculated. For a base scenario, 68 €/MWh are estimated. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were conducted to quantify the influence of selected geological, design and economic parameters on the LCOH. The electricity price shows the most significant impact, with a potential reduction of the LCOH of 39 %. In general, the study points out the great potential of integrating large-scale heat pumps into geothermal energy systems and district heating networks to extend the renewable system’s thermal capacity efficiently and cost-effectively.

Comprehensive study on waste heat recovery from gas turbine exhaust using combined steam rankine and organic rankine cycles

Waste heat recovery technology has proven to be an effective approach for enhancing energy efficiency, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and lowering energy costs. This study assesses the performance of different waste heat recovery systems from thermodynamic, exergy destruction, economic, and environmental perspectives. Using the DWSIM software, the study simulated a waste heat recovery cycle powered by a high-temperature heat source (508.99 °C) to maximize recovery power and determine the optimal system configuration, including standalone Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), standalone Steam Rankine Cycle (SRC), and combined systems like SRC with series ORC (SRC + S-ORC), cascade ORC (SRC + C-ORC), and a combination of both (SRC + S-ORC + C-ORC). Among these configurations, the SRC + S-ORC + C-ORC configuration delivered the best performance, achieving a net power output of 3,532.14 kW and a thermal efficiency of 17.09 %. Economically, it demonstrated strong results with a net present value of €1.478 million, a payback period of 8.01 years, and a benefit-cost ratio of 1.32. This configuration also had the highest environmental impact, reducing CO2 emissions by 12,452.48 metric tons per year, equivalent to annual earnings of approximately €999,933.85 through carbon credits trading. The study also found that the evaporator experienced the most significant exergy destruction, suggesting opportunities for improving the highest exergy destruction area, leading to an increase in overall system efficiency. In conclusion, the SRC + S-ORC + C-ORC configuration offers the most promising combination of thermodynamic, economic, and environmental benefits for waste heat recovery systems.

Abnormal shrinkage behavior and sintering mechanism of alumina nanoparticles

AbstractHigh temperature and ultrafast heating rate, the characteristics of ultrafast high‐temperature sintering (UHS) process, make it difficult to capture the evolution of sintering behavior and explore sintering mechanism of alumina ceramics. In this study, molecular dynamic simulations are adopted to describe the sintering behaviors of equal‐sized and unequal‐sized alumina nanoparticles, particularly about shrinkage behaviors, microstructure evolution and atomic migration. Results show that high temperature and ultrafast heating rate can yield two different abnormal shrinkage behaviors, accelerating the polymerization of the nanoparticles. The main mechanism for this phenomenon is that high temperature causes the amorphization of crystal structure of nanoparticles, and ultrafast heating rates retain larger sintering driving forces at high temperatures, leading to the reduction of diffusion activation entropy and migration barriers. In particular, the appearance of viscous flow further enhances the shrinkage of the nanoparticles. In addition, surface diffusion is found to dominate the growth of sintering neck during this period. These findings are expected to deepen the understanding of ultrafast high‐temperature sintering mechanism.

Thermodynamic Analysis of the Concentration Process of Solar Radiation

Extremely rarefied but high-temperature solar radiation energy is nowadays commonly concentrated to produce a high-temperature heat source. The article is a contribution to theoretical considerations on the process of concentration of solar radiation. The process of concentration of extraterrestrial solar radiation was subjected to thermodynamic analysis and the energetic, entropic and exergetic points of view were taken into account. An imaginary model of concentration was defined, which allowed the development of thermodynamic analyses of the concentration process. In the model, concentrated solar radiation irradiates the absorbing surface, the temperature of which is controlled by the intensity of cooling. The newly revealed values of temperature (7134 K) of the Sun's surface and its energetic and exergetic emissivity (0.431 and 0426, respectively) were used in the analyses. With the use of model equations, the relationship between the ratio of radiation concentration, temperature and emissivity of the absorption surface, cooling intensity, absorbed heat, ambient temperature, and energy and exergetic efficiency of the concentration process was determined. Entropy analysis confirmed that the concentration limit temperature is equal to the temperature of the Sun's surface. Examples of energy and exergetic balances of the concentration process, illustrated by band diagrams, showed the percentage share of energy and exergy fluxes. In contrast to the energy balance showing no energy loss, the exergy balance showed a significantly large loss of exergy due to the irreversibility of the process. The components of this irreversibility have been identified, which are the absorption of solar radiation and the much lower irreversibility of the emission of the heated surface.

Performance analysis of heat pipe micro-reactor with Stirling engine based on full-scope multi-physics coupled simulation

Heat pipe micro-reactors (HPMRs) with Stirling engines for power conversion are emerging as a promising surface power technology. We developed a comprehensive multi-physics solver using the open-source finite-volume code OpenFOAM to perform high-fidelity analysis of HPMR systems’ steady-state and dynamic performance. The solver couples a 3D coarse-mesh multi-group neutron diffusion model with a 3D fine-mesh thermal conduction model using a mapping approach to accurately simulate multi-physics phenomena in the reactor core. Additionally, it integrates a 2D high-temperature heat pipe model as boundary conditions for heat transfer in the core, a 1D Stirling engine model for energy conversion, and a lumped parameter radiator model for heat dissipation. Applied to the HOMER-15 reactor system, the solver aided to identify the optimal working point of the system, achieving 3 kW of electric power with a conversion efficiency of 25.2 % under 20-Hz Stirling engine frequency and 3.34-MPa pressure. The transient full-scope simulation with the solver shows that the load-follow strategy based on gas charging and venting in Stirling engines is capable to accommodate 35 % step increase of external load. When the unexpected reactivity insertion is within 0.1$, the peak temperature in the reactor core is below the allowable limit temperature. Analysis of single failure of Stirling engines indicates that the system safety and reliability can be enhanced by either incorporating an appropriate number of engines or enhancing heat transfer between Stirling engine channels.

High temperature properties of nichrome resistant heaters – A systematic comparison of APS, suspension and filament HVOF sprayed coatings

This study investigates the performance of Nichrome coatings, a nickel‑chromium alloy containing 20 wt.-% chromium, applied using three thermal spray techniques: powder plasma spray, suspension HVOF, and filament HVOF. Thin, homogeneous coatings approximately 35 μm thick were deposited onto steel substrates pre-coated with an insulating Al2O3 layer. The oxide content in the coatings varied based on the spraying technique and parameters, ranging from 57 to 64 vol.-% for plasma spraying, 42 to 54 vol.-% for filament HVOF, and 9 to 43 vol.-% for suspension HVOF. The coating's heating performance was evaluated over a temperature range of room temperature (RT) to 700 °C. Analytical techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to investigate the mechanisms affecting temperature-dependent resistivity in relation to the coating microstructure. The results indicate that increased oxidation leads to a decrease in specific resistivity at RT (ρ0). In example, plasma sprayed coatings exhibited lower specific resistivity ρ0 of 0.80 Ωmm2/m. In contrast, suspension HVOF reaches values up to 2.75 Ωmm2/m. At the same time coatings with higher oxidation levels demonstrate an elevated dependence of resistivity as compared to less oxidized coatings. Both can be attributed to changes in the phase composition of the conductive phase as the dominating factor, primarily driven by the preferential oxidation of chromium during the spraying process. Notably, the results provide valuable information for adjusting the coating properties to suit specific needs, such as self-regulating or high-temperature heating applications.

Investigation on thermal response of high temperature heat pipe under thermal mismatch conditions

As an efficient and reliable passive heat transfer equipment, high temperature heat pipes (HTHPs) plays an important role in HTHP solid state reactor system. HTHPs often encounter thermal mismatch in reactor applications, which will lead to capillary action, entrainment, and other characteristics, resulting in HTHP failure due to heat transfer limits. In this paper, the thermal response test of liquid metal HTHP under thermal mismatch conditions is studied, and the simulation test platform of HTHP mismatch is designed and built to measure the important physical parameters. The test results show that the heat transfer performance of the HTHP is the best under the condition of horizontal inclination of 60°, and the condenser power is 5.66 kW. This condition is selected as the reference condition for the transient condition test. When the HTHP experienced a transient power increase, the middle of the evaporator section, as the part with the largest heat flux of heating power, appeared a severe overheating phenomenon. The wall temperature of the evaporator section soared from 750 ℃ to 1050 ℃ in a short time, and the heating rate reached 18.9 ℃/min, which affected the smooth operation of the HTHP. When the HTHP encounters an inclination angle transient increase condition, the entrainment phenomenon is more severe, the temperature fluctuation of the condenser section is intensified, and the heat transfer of the HTHP is in an unstable state. When the HTHP encounters an inclination angle transient decrease condition, the temperature rise of the evaporator section is less than 10 ℃, the temperature at the end of the condenser section is increased, and the start-up performance of the HTHP is improved. In summary, this paper obtains the thermal response rule of HTHPs under thermal mismatch conditions through experimental research, which provides support for the safe application of HTHPs for special equipment.

Regulating Cross-Linking Structure and Dispersion of Core-Shell-Rubber Particles in Polyurethane Composite to Achieve Excellent Mechanical Properties for Structural Adhesive Application

Structural adhesives are bonding materials that can quickly join structures with components and repair cracks. However, thermosetting polyurethane structural adhesives suffer from disadvantages such as insufficient toughness, poor aging resistance, and long curing time, which greatly limit their practical application. Herein, a polyurethane (PU) composite with excellent mechanical properties was prepared successfully via regulating the cross-linking structure and the dispersion of core-shell-rubber (CSR) particles. Various polyols were selected to improve the cross-linking density of the PU and to enhance the intermolecular forces, which can achieve the high strength and stability of the polyurethane composites. Solvent displacement was used to improve the dispersion of CSR in PU. The cured composite has ultra-high toughness and impact resistance due to the well-dispersed CSR particles. The impact strength was increased from 52.0 to 90.4 kJ/m2, and the elongation at break was increased from 6.1% to 14.9%. Due to the addition of catalyst T120, this composite can be cured quickly at room temperature, reaching high strength after 30 min. In addition, these composites can resist extreme environments, such as high and low temperature changes, UV aging, high humidity and heat environment, and salt spray aging, which has potential and value for practical application. The prepared PU structural adhesive can meet the requirements of structural bonding transit and improve the production efficiency. This work proposed a novel strategy to prepare polyurethane composites with excellent mechanical properties for structural adhesive application.

AN ASSESSMENT OF PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL, PREPARATION TECHNIQUES AND CONTAINMENT MATERIAL WITH DIFFERENT MOLTEN SALTS FOR THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

Molten salts are extensively used as high-temperature heat transfer media and thermal energy storage (TES) materials in concentrating solar power (CSP) plants. Molten salt corrosion is a critical factor influencing the safe operation of the system. This work comparatively summarizes various factors influencing molten salt corrosion, including temperature, impurities, alloy composition and gas atmosphere. Additionally, the corrosion mechanisms of nitrate, carbonate, chloride, and fluoride-based mixture salts are meticulously reviewed. The demand for high-temperature storage is indeed increasing, driven by the need for more efficient and sustainable energy solutions. High-temperature storage systems, particularly those utilizing phase change materials (PCMs) and molten salts, play a key role in enhancing energy efficiency and reducing carbon footprint. By improving the efficiency of energy storage and reducing the need for fossil fuels, high-temperature storage systems help decrease greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to the fight against global warming. The paper focused on enhancing the corrosion resistance of container materials in terms of improving PCM thermal conductivity and stability.