Heart Rate Variability In Students Research Articles

СРЕДНИЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ ПАРАМЕТРОВ СПЕКТРАЛЬНОГО АНАЛИЗА ФОНОВОЙ ВАРИАБЕЛЬНОСТИ РИТМА СЕРДЦА СТУДЕНТОВ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ ЦИРКУМПОЛЯРНОЙ ЗОНЫ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ УРОВНЯ MXDMN

The average values of the parameters of spectral analysis of the background heart rate variability (HRV) of students of the circumpolar medical Academy depending on the level of their HRV variation range (MxDMn) were studied. The study included 118 subjects of both sexes. The density of the frequency distribution in 7 MxDMn bands and descriptive statistics of the parameters of the spectral analysis of the HRV were studied. It was found that with an increase in MxDMn, there is an increase in the levels of TP, HF, LF, VLF parameters (p = 0.000). The %HF level changed non-linearly with an increase in MxDMn (p = 0.017), and a non-linear change in the %VLF level (p = 0.041) was also found. The average values of the parameters of spectral analysis of the background heart rate variability of students of the circumpolar medical Academy correspond to the average values of those parameters of healthy women and men of similar age and living conditions, as well as highly qualified athletes specializing in biathlon and cross-country skiing

Анализ вариабельности сердечного ритма студентов с разной частотой дыхательных движений

The article deals with the analysis of the initial vegetative status of students with different levels of physical activity and frequency of respiratory movements. The functional reserves of the body are subject to increased requirements not only for training activities, but also for the training load. In this regard, the purpose of this work is to analyze the heart rate variability in students, taking into account the level of physical activity and the frequency of respiratory movements. Registration and analysis of HRV was carried out using a modern complex electrophysiological laboratory “CONAN-4.5”. Mathematical processing of the ECG makes it possible to obtain a number of temporal, spectral and geometric indicators, thanks to which an objective assessment of the state of the autonomic nervous system, including its sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, is carried out. This method allows you to explore and evaluate the mechanisms of regulation of the cardiovascular system, as well as the tension of regulatory systems. Statistical processing of the material was carried out using Statistica 10.0. Cardiac activity of students was assessed. The gradation of the numerical values of the tension index of the body's regulatory systems was proposed by Shiryaev O. Yu. and Ivleva E. I., who took into account that with severe stress and diseases, the tension index can increase to higher values. As a result, it was proposed to distinguish five types of IN: vagotonic, normotonic, sympathicotonic, suprasymaticotonic, and transboundary. The latter is characterized by an increase in the prevalence of the sympathetic nervous system in the range of more than 600 c.u. During the mathematical processing of the electrocardiogram, numerical values of the stress index were obtained. It was revealed that among the entire studied array of students (when differentiating the IWT calculated according to IN) «normotics» are characterized by an optimal ratio between the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS. When analyzing the electrocardiogram, the values of heart rate were obtained and a relationship was established with the stress index and the type of change or absence of rhythm disturbance in students with different vegetative status. The work established the relationship between the initial vegetative status and the frequency of respiratory movements in students with different vegetative status. Students were offered a test to determine the coefficient of physical activity. The coefficient of physical activity is the ratio of the average daily energy expenditure of a person to the energy expenditure at rest, to the so-called basal metabolic rate. We established the relationship between the stress index and the coefficient of physical activity in students with different vegetative status.

Assessment of the heart rate variability of students taking into account the level of motor activity

The article deals with the analysis of the initial vegetative status of students with different levels of physical activity and frequency of respiratory movements. The purpose of the work is to analyze the heart rate variability in students, taking into account the level of motor activity and respiratory rate. Materials and methods. Registration and analysis of HRV was carried out using a modern complex electrophysiological laboratory «CONAN–4.5». Cardiac activity of students was assessed. Results. It was revealed that among the entire studied array of students (when differentiating the IWT calculated according to IN) «normotics» are characterized by an optimal ratio between the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS. At the same time, the value of the coefficient of physical activity in the studied group was determined at the level of values 1.73±0.1. Output. For normal adaptation to physical activity in students, it is necessary to form a level of physical activity that quantitatively corresponds to the CFA of physical activity of at least 1.75.

The impact of students’ individual vegetative status on their psychophysiological ad-aptation to the learning environment: the effectiveness of RSA-BFB therapy

Introduction. The article summarizes the results of studying the process of students’ adaptation to the learning environment in a wide range of degree programmes provided by higher educational institutions. The purpose of the article is to identify the characteristic features of students’ psychophysiological adaptation to the learning environment, taking into account the peculiarities of autonomic regulation, with the subsequent assessment of the effectiveness of using RSA-BFB therapy. Materials and Methods. The study involved 209 second-year medical and biological students. The study of neurodynamic characteristics was carried out using an automated psychophysiological complex. Heart rate variability indicators were evaluated by means of cardiorhythmography. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the mean values and identified the correlation between neurodynamic characteristics and indicators of heart rate variability of students doing academic degrees in various fields. RSA-BFB therapy was used to increase students’ adaptive capabilities. Results. The characteristic features of adaptive reactions were revealed depending on the initial vegetative tone and the type of functional response. The combination of psychophysiological and medico-biological constitutional approaches used in the work enabled the authors to expand and clarify the ideas about the mechanism of the functional self-regulation system and classify the types of adaptive reactions in the process of educational: adaptive, compensatory and maladaptive. After the RSA-BFB therapy for students prone to maladaptive reactions, in comparison with the control group, there was an improvement in the strength of the nervous system and the mobility of nervous processes. Using RSA-BFB therapy contributed to overcoming chronic stress and developing reaction patterns inherent in adaptive types. Conclusions. The use of RSA-biofeedback therapy, taking into account the individual-typological characteristics, has contributed to balancing ergotropic and trophotropic processes, restoring the body's functional reserves and improving the efficiency of adaptation to learning environment.

The Peculiarities of Heart Rate Variability in Student Athletes

The aim of this research was to study the peculiarities of heart rate variability (HRV) and microcirculation in students, depending on their sport specialization. Methods and Results: Our study included the results of a survey of 96 students from 18 to 21 years of age who were the members of the national teams of their universities in athletics (n=49) and floorball (n=47). For ECG registration and analysis of hemodynamic findings, including those characterizing the HRV, we used the “Medical Soft” sports testing system (“MS FIT Pro”). For monitoring, we used the standard hemodynamic patterns (blood pressure, HR, stroke volume, cardiac output, and others), statistical and spectral indicators of the HRV, as well as an integral criterion of the state of microcirculation. The studied HRV parameters in most students generally were within the age range. At the same time, track and field athletes have large adaptive resources and, consequently, a more optimal level of myocardial fitness, in comparison with floorball players. Conclusion: The orientation of sports training among students affects heart condition.

Effects of the cold face test on heart rate variability in students

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the cold pressor test on heart rate variability in students. Sixty five students with a mean age of 20.61±0.13 years take part in the study (86% women, 14% men). They were studied in the morning hours in a quiet room at a comfortable temperature. Time domain (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50), frequency domain (TP, HF, VLF, LF and LF/HF ratio) and nonlinear (SD1, SD2, ApEn, SampEn, D2, DFA1, DFA2) parameters of HRV were obtained from all participants for 5 minutes before and 5 minutes during cold face test (0–1 °C cold compresses) in a supine position. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney test. Heart rate during cold face test was significantly lower than that during rest period (74.03±1.26 vs 76.74±1.21 beat/min, p=0.006). Time domain parameters were found to be higher during cold face test than that during rest (SDNN: 52.6±2.85 vs 43,61±2,23 ms, p=0.006; RMSSD: 59.87±4.08 vs 44.99±2.93 ms, p=0.001 and pNN50: 30.49±2.38 vs 22.07±2.13 %, p=0.003). There was no differences during cold face test period and rest period in TP (2517.24±301.8 vs 2097.89±249.98 ms2, p=0.456; VLF: 92.44±12.21 vs 83.59±9.99 ms2, p=0.452; LF: 1024.98±132.06 vs 932.86±107.70 ms2, p=0.896. High frequency parameter was significantly higher during cold face test than that during rest (1395.36±184.39 vs 1078.11±143.13 ms2, p=0.013). Nonlinear measures were significantly higher during cold face test than that during rest (SD1: 42.39±2.89 vs 31.83±2.07 ms, p=0.001; SD2: 60.52±3.04 vs 52.45±2.50 ms, p=0.025). ApEn and D1 were significantly lower during cold face test than that during rest (respectively, 1.15±0.01 vs 1.40±0.01 and 0.87±0.03 vs 1.01±0.02, p<0.001). The other HRV parameters including D2, LF/HF ratio, pLF, pHF, SampEn, DFA2 were not significantly different. These results suggest that cold face test has been associated with increased vagal cardiac control and decrease entropy and D1.

Correlations between the External Respiration Indicators and the Heart Rate Variability in Students of Different Chronotypes during Their Mental Activities

Correlations between the External Respiration Indicators and the Heart Rate Variability in Students of Different Chronotypes during Their Mental Activities

Особливості зміни показників варіабельності серцевого ритму студентів під впливом розумового та фізичного навантаження

The high level of mental and physical training loads on the body of students requires a good development of adaptive-compensatory mechanisms, stress resistance, psychological endurance. On the other hand, modern research indicates the low level of health of students and their maladaptation to high levels of stress, which determines the relevance of the study of changes in the functioning of the cardiovascular system to develop measures to correct adverse conditions and improve physical and mental health. The purpose of the work was to determine the features of changes in heart rate variability of students under the influence of mental and physical activity, taking into account gender characteristics. Material and methods. The article presents the results of a study of heart rate variability of 128 students (65 male and 63 female) of the Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University aged 17-25 years. All students had indicators of variability of resting heart rate, after mental and physical activity on short recordings of the cardio signal (2 minutes), obtained with the help of rhythm "MPFI rhythmograph-1" and EasyHRV software (LLC "ASTER-IT", Kharkiv). We used the proofreading method by Kryvonosov M. V. et al. (2001), which consisted of finding and selecting a specific letter in test tables for 20-25 minutes. Aerobic exercise consisted of running a distance of 2000 m on a rowing machine Concept-2 for 10 minutes. The research results were processed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric criteria. Results and discussion. The results of research showed that at rest almost all statistical and temporal indicators of heart rate variability of boys and girls were within the age norms. Mental load did not lead to a significant deterioration of the indicators studied, which indicated the stereotype of reaction. Exercises led to a significant deterioration in the cardiovascular system of students, as evidenced by a significant decrease relative to the lower limit of the norm of SDNN and RMSSD (almost four times); increase in the index of autonomic balance (above the upper limit of the norm by 90% for boys and 71% for girls); exceeding the upper limit of the norm twice with the indicators of vegetative rhythm and regulatory processes adequacy; an increase in the stress index of boys by 7 times and more than 5 times for girls, which led to exceeding the upper limit of the norm by more than 4-5 times; reduction of the total power of the cardio signal spectrum in boys by 9 times, and by 8 times in girls; power of the spectrum of very low frequencies twice, low frequencies by 5-8 times, high frequencies by 6-11 times. Conclusion. Low energy spectral parameters, as well as reducing the variability of cardio intervals and increasing the stress index are manifestations of hyperadaptive response to exercise and indicate low adaptive capacity of students, which requires the introduction of rehabilitation activities

Состояние параметров вариабельности сердечного ритма учащихся - коренных жителей Югры

Состояние параметров вариабельности сердечного ритма учащихся - коренных жителей Югры

Effects of acute smoking on heart rate variability in students

Cigarette smoking is a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the world. There is altered autonomic activity in smokers which also predisposes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. To monitor the autonomic activity, heart rate variability has emerged as efficient tool. This study attempted to clarify the acute effects of cigarette smoking on autonomic nervous function among smokers.Twenty one light smokers (smoking less than 10 cigarettes a day) with a mean age of 22.36±0.16 years take part in the study (52% men, 48% women). They were studied in the morning hours in a quiet room at a comfortable temperature. Time domain (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50), frequency domain (TP, HF, VLF, LF and LF/HF ratio) and nonlinear (SD1, SD2, ApEn, SampEn, D2, DFA1, DFA2) parameters of HRV were obtained from all participants for 10 minutes before and 10 minutes after smoking a cigarette while subjects were resting in a supine position and. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann‐Whitney test.There were no significant differences in heart rate during non‐smoking and smoking period (70.75±2.30 vs 73.37±2.33 beat/min, p=0.217). Time domain parameters were found to be lower during smoking period than that during non‐smoking period (SDNN: 38.07±3.91 vs 50.53±5.64 ms, p=0.001; RMSSD: 39.39±4.87 vs 56.4±7.57 ms, p=0.001 and pNN50: 17.08±3.61 vs 28.63±4.28 %, p=0.002). Frequency domain measures were also significantly lower during smoking period than that during non‐smoking period (TP: 1578.31±387.76 vs 2975.75±788.91 ms2, p=0.001; VLF: 52.52±10.11 vs 108.96±24.56 ms2, p=0.008; LF: 719.5±130.54 vs 1210.54±262.29 ms2, p=0.013 and HF: 804.96±275.86 vs 1650.12±578.23 ms2, p=0.0009). Nonlinear measures were significantly lower during smoking period than that during non‐smoking period (SD1: 27.88±3.45 vs 39.92±5.36 ms, p=0.001; SD2: 45.79±4.45 vs 58.84±6.5 ms, p=0.003; D2: 1.83±0.36 vs 3.09±0.37, p=0.013). The other HRV parameters including LF/HF ratio, pLF, pHF, ApEn, SampEn, DFA1, DFA2 were not significantly different.These results suggest that acute smoking has been associated with increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and decrease in vagal cardiac control.

Features of heart rate variability in students of lyceum and general education classes during physical activity

The article is devoted to the study of heart rate variability in students of lyceum and general education classes during physical activity. Evaluation of adaptation reactions of organism to physical activity depending on type of regulation is considered.

Corrective effect of aromatherapy on indices of heart rate variability in students under exam stress conditions

There were investigated changes in indices of the activity of regulatory mechanisms of heart rhythm in student under exam stress conditions and the possibility of their correction with aid of aromatherapy. The examination stress was established to be accompanied by pronounced shifts of integral and spectral indices of heart rhythm in students, indicating to the activation of the sympathetic circuit of Autonomic Nervous System in conditions of examination stress. A positive, relaxation impact of the essential oil of orange on the investigated indices was also recorded. The latter is expressed by weakly pronounced changes or lack of them in data of integral and spectral heart rate indices in students from the experimental group, that indicates to the stabilizing effect of used ethereal oil on the psycho-physiological state of students in conditions of exam stress

RESEARCH OF PECULIARITIES OF EXTERNAL BREATH AND VARIABILITY OF HEART RHYTHM IN STUDENTS WITH VARIOUS TYPES OF THE CONSTITUTION

The article is devoted to the study of lung ventilation parameters and heart rate variability in students of different somatotypes. The constitutional conditionality of the investigated indicators is revealed.

Адаптивно-компенсаторная вариабельность ритма сердца у студентов

Адаптивно-компенсаторная вариабельность ритма сердца у студентов

Physiological Effects of Mind and Body Practices.

Mind-body practices originated in ancient cultures to enhance physical, mental, and spiritual wellbeing. Interest in their use in treatment stems from increasing awareness of their therapeutic potential and from the need for approaches that are cost-effective and have lower risks for adverse effects compared to pharmacological and other conventional interventions [1–3]. Rigorous research is needed to identify effective mind-body techniques and their mechanisms of action, if they are to be integrated into mainstream medicine [4]. The quality of evidence for mind-body practices varies widely. Scales for rating the quality of research are based on pharmacological studies. Very often the research design applicable to conventional medicine does not apply to mind-body practices. The diversity and complexity of interventions further confound efforts at conventional meta-analysis. Current studies are developing better control interventions and implementing more rigorous methods [2]. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) [5] states that “Developing insight into biological, physiological effects and mechanisms of action of mind and body interventions is critically important in developing translational research tools to design and execute maximally informative clinical research.” For evaluating mind-body research, modifications of the original CONSORT statement have been proposed and are being evaluated [6]. Studies of mind-body practices suggest numerous mechanisms of action at multiple levels, including gene expression at the cellular level; interactions among central brain regions with neuroplastic changes; and top-down and bottom-up feedback loops between the brain and the body, particularly via the nervous system, interoceptive communication, and circulating neurohormones [7–10]. Prominent among proposed mechanisms are the following: (a) repatterning of primary interoceptive and higher order homeostatic mechanisms; (b) improved central regulation of autonomic, psychologic, neurologic, immunologic, cardiorespiratory, and gastrointestinal functions; (c) reorganization within cortical and subcortical structures, interconnectivity adjustments among central regulatory networks, neurotransmitter changes, improved emotion regulation by higher centers, better interhemispheric balance, and enhanced cognitive function; and (d) modulation of epigenetic factors, such as growth factors or hormones, as well as extensive up- and downregulation of genes [11–13]. The manuscripts in this special issue include both research studies and reviews. For example, effects of mind and body practices on specific higher brain functions such as creativity are explored and with objective markers (pro-NGF levels). A study of 1297 adolescents documents the impact of mind and body practices on academic performance and cardiometabolic risk factors. In young musicians the effects of Qigong are reported to be an enhancement of proprioception and a reduction of anxiety-induced physiological changes. While these three studies focus on higher brain functions and proprioception, additional trials emphasize autonomic changes occurring with mind and body practices. For example, the effects of guided imagery on heart rate variability in students performing spaceflight emergency tasks are evaluated. In another study physiological feedback is matched with self-reported stress while participants perform short tasks. These studies involve healthy volunteers. A single clinical study examines the effect of mindfulness meditation on mood, quality of life and attention in adults with ADHD. All four review articles are on meditation. An activation likelihood estimation (ALE) reports a co-ordinate based meta-analysis of neuro-imaging studies in meditations of different types. Another review examines the electrophysiological changes in different meditations based on evoked and event-related potentials. Two other reviews looked at the physiological and cognitive effects of meditation, considered as a ‘journey without a goal'; and the psychological and neural effects of mindfulness practice underlying its positive impact on health. An interesting comparative review explores the impact different meditation traditions have on the autonomic nervous system and on phasic or tonic changes in attention. Identifying mind-body practices that show physiological or clear clinical benefits with appropriate biomarkers may lead to the refinement of certain techniques so that they become more efficient, less time-consuming, more effective, and better suited for the treatment of specific conditions. Also, mind-body practices can be used as noninvasive probes to explore fundamental neurophysiological processes and anatomic networks using brain imaging and other advanced technologies. Understanding the physiological changes, clinical benefits, adverse effects and contraindications associated with these practices will support the inclusion of mind-body treatments in mainstream medicine. By highlighting studies with biological markers and physiological measures, this special issue is intended to further the understanding of mechanisms underlying the diverse effects of mind and body techniques. Shirley Telles Patricia Gerbarg Elisa H. Kozasa

Effects of smoking on heart rate variability in students (545.6)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate cardiac autonomic function in smokers and nonsmoker controls.Methods: Thirty nine light smokers (smoking less than 10 cigarettes a day) and thirty nine nonsmoking students with a mean age of 20.61±0.39 years take part in the study. Subjects were matched by sex, age, menstrual cycle phase and the level of anxiety. They were studied in the morning hours under standardized conditions, in a quiet room at a comfortable temperature. Time domain (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50) and frequency domain (HF, LF and LF/HF ratio) parameters of HRV were obtained from all participants for 10 minutes while subjects were resting in a supine position. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann‐Whitney test.Results: In this study heart rate was found to be higher in smokers than in nonsmokers (74.08±1.31 vs 64.98±1.12 beat/min, p=0.000007). Time domain parameters were found to be lower in smokers than in nonsmokers (SDNN: 52.54±3.47 vs 72.74±5.35, р=0.0009; RMSSD: 47.68±4.37 vs 71.22±7.72 ms, p=0.009 and pNN50: 26.01±3.21 vs 39.49±3.85, p=0.01). Frequency domain measures were also significantly lower in smokers than non‐smokers (TP: 3498.94±487.42 vs 6527.34±986.47, p=0.005; VLF: 787.28±82.31 vs 1934.20±214.45, p=0.0003; LF: 1147.14±257.82 vs 1895.41±346.76, p=0.007 and HF: 1184.21±245.04 vs 2274.53±487.37, p=0.026). The other HRV parameters including LF/HF ratio, pLF and pHF were not significantly different.Conclusions: These results suggest that smoking has been associated with increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and decrease in vagal cardiac control.This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (grant 4.4904.2011, grant 14.B37.21.0215).

The effect of exercise and lifestyle interventions on heart rate variability in students at risk of cardiovascular disease –A pilot study

Cardiovascular disease is a major public health concern and it can be modified by diet, exercise and health awareness. However the impact of these interventions on the autonomic control of heart rate as measured by heart rate variability (HRV) is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine if indicators of HRV can be used to identify moderate risk of cardiovascular disease and to compare the influence of different lifestyle interventions in a student population. This was a double blind, randomised, prospective, pre-test, post-test group comparison. Thirty-seven university students at moderate risk of cardiovascular disease and 37 age matched controls, participated. HRV indicators as determined by time and frequency domain analysis were measured before and after interventions of exercise, diet, health awareness and a combination intervention. There were no significant pre-intervention differences between the healthy and test groups. Supine HRV parameters changed minimally in the health awareness and dietary groups during post testing. In the combined group, supine parameters were unchanged, however the standing parameters: standard deviation, root mean square successive difference and normalized high frequency decreased and normalized low frequency increased (p

P2.15 The effect of exercise and lifestyle interventions on the autonomic nervous system function as measured by heart rate variability in students at risk of cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease is a major public health concern and many young people develop risk factors through unhealthy lifestyles [1]. Early identification of increased risk and appropriate intervention may avert tragic consequences later in life. Cardiovascular risk is known to be reduced by exercise, diet and health awareness [2,3], but the impact these interventions have on the autonomic nervous system function as measured by heart rate variability (HRV) is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine if indicators of HRV can be used to identify moderate risk of cardiovascular disease and to compare the influence of different lifestyle interventions in a student population.

Changes in parameters of tachography and heart rate variability in students differing in the level of psychoemotional stress and type of temperament during an academic test week

Female students were examined to evaluate the effect of a test week on the parameters of tachography and heart rate variability depending on their initial psychoemotional stress level and type of temperament. A test week was shown to be a rather weak stressor, which virtually did not affect the psychological status of the students. However, their autonomic status clearly changed during the test week. This was caused by activation of the sympathetic autonomic system and was observed in both the students with a favorable psychoemotional state and choleric and sanguine subjects.

Comparison of specific features of the heart rate variability in students living in regions with different natural and climatic conditions

A comparative analysis of the parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) in students from different ethnic groups of the Transbaikal region showed a more rigid cardiac rhythm and high level of the VLF component of the spectrum (in percent) in the native population compared to Russians living in the same region. However, Russian students living permanently in the Transbaikal region and central regions of Russia did not differ significantly from each other in the quantitative parameters of HRV.