Hearts Of Male Albino Rats Research Articles

A scientific compendium of the effects of sildenafil citrate on the liver, kidney and heart of male albino rats at Nnewi, South East Nigeria

This study investigated the various effects of Sildenafil citrate on the liver, kidney and heart of male albino rats. Twenty eight male rats randomly divided into 4 groups and weighing 131-214g were used. While the animals in group 1 (control) received food and water only, those in the study groups 2,3&4 respectively received 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg of Sildenafil citrate orally, daily for 4 weeks. All animals were sacrificed and blood samples collected by cardiac puncture for analysis of biochemical parameters. The rats Liver, kidneys and hearts were subjected to histopathological tests. Study results showed no changes in food consumption, fluid intake, body weight and relative organ weight of the animals. The animals in group 4 showed significant increase in mean Lactate dehydrogenase and Aspartate aminotransferase ⃰(P<0.05) compared to control. Mean levels of creatinine was significantly higher among group 4 animals ⃰(p<0.05) but not significantly high among the animals in other groups. Mean Na+ and Cl- level were significantly high among the animals in group 4 ⃰(p<0.05). Although no histopathological changes were observed in the heart of the rats in groups 2,3 and 4, there were significant increase in serum levels of Na+, K and Cl- of animals in group 4 which could have affected their heart owing to fatigue. Sildenafil citrate (100mg/kg) caused distortion in cyto-architecture of the liver and mild distortion of cortical structures in the kidneys of albino rats. Sildenafil citrate has potential toxic effects on the liver, kidney and heart of studied rats with higher doses. Conclusion: Sildenafil citrate has potential toxic effects on the liver, kidney and heart of male albino rats especially with higher doses.

A scientific compendium of the effects of sildenafil citrate on the liver, kidney and heart of male albino rats at Nnewi, South East Nigeria

A scientific compendium of the effects of sildenafil citrate on the liver, kidney and heart of male albino rats at Nnewi, South East Nigeria

Monosodium glutamate induces cardiac toxicity via oxidative stress, fibrosis, and P53 proapoptotic protein expression in rats.

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is widely used as food additive and flavor enhancer; however, consumption of high dose of MSG provokes oxidative stress in many organs and its safety and side effects on the body are still controversial. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the long-lasting effects of MSG on cardiac muscle functions and structure. Forty male Wister albino rats were assigned into 3 groups. Control group was injected intraperitoneally with physiological saline for 7days. Second group was injected intraperitoneally with MSG at a dose of 4mg/g b.w/day for 7 consecutive days and then kept without any treatment till 45th day of the experiment. Third group was injected intraperitoneally with MSG at a dose of 6mg/g b.w/day for 7 consecutive days and then kept without any treatment till 45th day of the experiment. Monosodium glutamate significantly reduced body weight, force of cardiac muscle contractility, serum level of high-density lipoprotein, and superoxide dismutase activity in cardiac muscle, while it significantly elevated heart rate, serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triacylglycerides, atherogenic index and troponin T, activities of serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-MB, malondialdehyde concentration, and P53 protein expression in cardiac muscle. In addition, it induced myocardial degeneration, cellular infiltration, deposition of collagen in cardiac muscle, and periodic acid-Schiff staining reaction. This study indicated that MSG exerted long-lasting functional and structural alterations in the heart of male albino rats through induction of oxidative stress, atherogenesis, and apoptosis.

Histological and immunohistochemical study of telocytes in the heart of male albino rats in different age groups

Background Telocytes (TCs) have been newly discovered as a type of interstitial cells in the heart. They have been suggested to have a role in cardiac renewal and repair. Aim To study the number and distribution of TCs in the heart of male albino rats and the effect of aging on their numbers. Materials and methods A total of 24 male albino rats were used in the present study. They were subdivided into four groups: group I included six rats that were 1 week old, group II included six rats that were 1 month old, group III included six rats that were 3 months old, and group IV included six rats that were 1 year old. Specimens were taken from both atria and ventricles and subdivided into two parts: a part processed and examined by light microscope and the other part processed and examined by electron microscope. CD117 and CD34 immunohistochemical stains were used for demonstration of sites, numbers, and distribution of TCs. Results By CD117 and CD34 immunohistochemical stains, there was a statistically significant increase in the number of TCs in atria more than in ventricles. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in the number of TCs with aging. In Masson's trichrome-stained sections, there was an increase in collagen fibers between cardiomyocytes and around the blood vessels with age. By electron microscopic examination, TCs appeared as branched spindle, triangular, or cubical cells with long processes (telopodes) arising from the cell body. Telopodes showed variation in diameter, which had a narrow part (podomer) and a dilated part (podom). They showed homocellular junction with another TC's telopodes and heterocellular junctions between TCs and cardiomyocytes; moreover, multivesicular bodies were also seen. Conclusion There was a decrease in the number of TCs in the heart together with minimal changes in its shape and structure with aging.

Physiological and Histological Studies on the Heart of Male Albino Rats Exposed to Electromagnetic Field and the Protective Role of Silymarin and/Orvitamin E.

Aim of the work:This study aimed to determine the ameliorative effect of silymarin (SIL) and\or vitamin E (Vit.E) against changes induced by mobile phone radiation in the heart of male albino rats. Matrerial and methods:Total of 48 adult male albino rats were assigned for this study. The 1st group served as control (n=6), the 2nd group exposed to mobile phone generator radiation (900MHz) for 2hr/day 3days/week for two months, 3rd group (+ve control) supplemented with SIL, 4thgroup (+ve control) supplemented with Vit. E, 5th group (+ve control) supplemented with SIL and Vit.E, 6th group: exposed group supplemented with SIL, 7th group: exposed group supplemented with Vit.E and 8th group exposed group supplemented with SIL and Vit.E. Physiological ,histopathological and histochemical changes were studied.Results: Exposure to mobile phone causes increases in activities of CPK, CK-MB and LDH enzymes in serum and heart tissue and oxidative stress markers (MDA and H2O2),while antioxidants (CAT and GSH) were decreased in the heart tissue. Sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) levels were decreased While, K level showed non-significant change in serum. Numerous histopathological changes were detected in the heart tissue of rats of the irradiated group with altered collagen fibres, polysaccharides in the cardiac muscle fibres of the exposed group. These changes manifested good amelioration in the exposed groups that supplemented with SIL and/or Vit.E. Conclusion:Treatment of rats with SIL and/or Vit.E ameliorated the dangerous effect of mobile phone radiation occurred in the cardiac muscle fibres.

Effects of low-voltage electrocution on hearts of male albino rats: a histopathological and immunohistochemical study

Objectives The aim of the present study was to detect histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in the heart of albino rats after low-voltage electrocution in an attempt to confirm the diagnosis of electrocution as a proximate cause of death. Background Electrical injuries are often dramatic accidents and are potentially fatal. Many victims of electric shock die before help arrives and survivors may suffer severe injuries. Forensic pathologists have made several attempts to find an effective means to establish the cause of death by electrocution. Familiarity with both the incidence of the problem and the mechanism of injuries may lead to a more skillful means of diagnosing this type of death. Materials and methods Twenty-six adult male albino rats were divided randomly into two main groups: control group (I) and experimental group (II). The control group (I) included 10 rats that were killed by cervical dislocation without any application of electrical current. The experimental group (II) included 16 rats that were electrocuted until death by a 220 V alternating current with the points of electrical contact placed on the skin of the left forelimb and the skin of the right hind limb. Sections from the hearts of both groups were fixed in formalin and routinely processed. Caspase-3 expression was evaluated in both groups by immunohistochemistry. Results Areas of interstitial hemorrhage, necrotic, and fragmented cardiomyocytes, square or rounded nuclei, myocardial waviness, and contraction bands were the prominent histopathological findings in the heart specimens of the rats of the electrocuted group (II) in comparison with the control group (I). Also, they showed a positive immune reaction for caspase-3 when compared with the control group. Conclusion This study concluded that the histopathological changes and immunohistochemical findings, besides the circumstantial evidence and external marks that may be found at autopsy, may provide a basis for the diagnosis of deaths caused by electrocution in suspected cases associated with limited external findings. Thus, it is advisable to use these techniques routinely in examinations and for the diagnosis of all deaths suspected to have been caused by electrocution.

The effect of bisphenol A on some oxidative stress parameters and acetylcholinesterase activity in the heart of male albino rats

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical used on a wide range in industry. Several studies reported that BPA may cause cardiovascular disorders in humans and animals. The present study aims to investigate the effect of BPA on the heart of adult male rats. The rats received a daily oral administration of BPA (25mg/kg for 6weeks and 10mg/kg for 6 and 10weeks). It was found that BPA at the two studied doses induced a significant increase in malondialdehyde, and a significant decrease in catalase after 6weeks. Moreover, a significant decrease in reduced glutathione and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity was observed after treatment with the two doses of BPA throughout the studied time intervals. The two doses (25 and 10mg/kg) resulted in a significant decrease in nitric oxide (NO) levels after 6 and 10weeks, respectively. A significant increase in body weight gain occurred in all animals after BPA treatment. These results suggest that BPA has cardiotoxic effects which are mediated by the oxidative stress resulting from the overproduction of free radicals, the deficiency of NO and the inhibition of AchE leading to cholinergic activation. The obesity promoting effect of BPA may also participate in the observed cardiovascular disturbances.