Heart Attack Patients Research Articles

Increased heart attack mortality in a medium sized city in Germany: key informant interviews with local medical health care workers

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. However, there are significant regional differences regarding mortality rates. A city located in Southwest Germany with approximately 125.000 inhabitants, has revealed a significantly increased heart attack mortality for the last two decades. In most of these years it recorded the highest rate in the federal state. Purpose The aim of this study was to assess influencing factors on the increased heart attack mortality in this city. Methods The study recruited health care workers in regular contact with heart attack patients in this city. Using a heterogenous sampling approach, the selection included different medical specializations (e.g. family doctor, intensive care nurse). We conducted qualitative interviews following a semi-structured guideline. Audio records of interviews were transcribed and processed using content analysis. Results We performed 17 interviews (female=6, immigration background=4). The central theme was an unhealthy cardiovascular lifestyle predominantly focusing on modifiable risk factors. Interviewees described the intensity of risk factors as much higher in the city than in the surrounding districts. Mostly they connected this to a high population share of people with low socioeconomic status or immigration background. Most interviewees did not see severe differences in health care provision and institutions in the city compared to other districts. Conclusion Socioeconomic factors were seen as the most powerful influence on the heart attack mortality. A healthier cardiovascular lifestyle of the population can only be achieved addressing social disparities within the city.

Hospital Allocation and Racial Disparities in Health Care

Abstract We develop a framework to measure the role of hospital allocation in racial disparities in health care and use it to study Black and white heart attack patients. Black patients receive care at lower-performing hospitals than white patients. However, over two decades, the performance gap between hospitals treating Black and white patients shrank by over two-thirds. This progress is due to more rapid performance improvement at hospitals that tended to treat Black patients rather than reallocation of patients. Hospital improvement is correlated with adoption of a productivity-raising input, beta blockers. Our work highlights reallocation and performance improvement as future disparity-reduction levers.

Assessing the Risk of Heart Attack: A Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression Analysis of Heavy Metal Mixtures.

The assessment of heavy metals' effects on human health is frequently limited to investigating one metal or a group of related metals. The effect of heavy metals mixture on heart attack is unknown. This study applied the Bayesian kernel machine regression model (BKMR) to the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data to investigate the association between heavy metal mixture exposure with heart attack. 2972 participants over the age of 20 were included in the study. Results indicate that heart attack patients have higher levels of cadmium and lead in the blood and cadmium, cobalt, and tin in the urine, while having lower levels of mercury, manganese, and selenium in the blood and manganese, barium, tungsten, and strontium in the urine. The estimated risk of heart attack showed a negative association of 0.0030 units when all the metals were at their 25th percentile compared to their 50th percentile and a positive association of 0.0285 units when all the metals were at their 75th percentile compared to their 50th percentile. The results suggest that heavy metal exposure, especially cadmium and lead, may increase the risk of heart attacks. This study suggests a possible association between heavy metal mixture exposure and heart attack and, additionally, demonstrates how the BKMR model can be used to investigate new combinations of exposures in future studies.

A Novel Deep Learning Approach for Forecasting Myocardial Infarction Occurrences with Time Series Patient Data.

Myocardial Infarction (MI) commonly referred to as a heart attack, results from the abrupt obstruction of blood supply to a section of the heart muscle, leading to the deterioration or death of the affected tissue due to a lack of oxygen. MI, poses a significant public health concern worldwide, particularly affecting the citizens of the Chittagong Metropolitan Area. The challenges lie in both prevention and treatment, as the emergence of MI has inflicted considerable suffering among residents. Early warning systems are crucial for managing epidemics promptly, especially given the escalating disease burden in older populations and the complexities of assessing present and future demands. The primary objective of this study is to forecast MI incidence early using a deep learning model, predicting the prevalence of heart attacks in patients. Our approach involves a novel dataset collected from daily heart attack incidence Time Series Patient Data spanning January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021, in the Chittagong Metropolitan Area. Initially, we applied various advanced models, including Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Error-Trend-Seasonal (ETS), Trigonometric seasonality, Box-Cox transformation, ARMA errors, Trend and Seasonal (TBATS), and Long Short Time Memory (LSTM). To enhance prediction accuracy, we propose a novel Myocardial Sequence Classification (MSC)-LSTM method tailored to forecast heart attack occurrences in patients using the newly collected data from the Chittagong Metropolitan Area. Comprehensive results comparisons reveal that the novel MSC-LSTM model outperforms other applied models in terms of performance, achieving a minimum Mean Percentage Error (MPE) score of 1.6477. This research aids in predicting the likely future course of heart attack occurrences, facilitating the development of thorough plans for future preventive measures. The forecasting of MI occurrences contributes to effective resource allocation, capacity planning, policy creation, budgeting, public awareness, research identification, quality improvement, and disaster preparedness.

Barriers and facilitators of readiness for hospital discharge in patients with myocardial infarction: a qualitative study: quality improvement study.

Readiness for hospital discharge (RHD) in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) is a key concept in the discharge process. This study was conducted to explain the barriers and facilitators of preparation for discharge in patients with MI. A qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis from April 2021 to 2022. Data collection was done in a targeted manner through semi-structured interviews until the data saturation stage. Nineteen participants (11 patients, 3 family members, and 5 healthcare team) were interviewed. Data analysis was done in eight steps according to the suggested steps of Graneheim and Lundman. MAXQDA18 software was used for coding. From the interviews, 348 primary codes, 11 sub-categories, and 5 categories were extracted. Finally, after continuous analysis and comparison of interviews, codes, and categories, two themes including "supporting platform" and "caring atmosphere" were extracted, which were the result of the participants' experience and understanding of the barriers and facilitators of RHD. The supporting platform included "family support" and "social support" and the caring atmosphere included "care gaps" and "professional healthcare team performance". The results of this study indicate several factors affecting RHD in heart attack patients. According to the results of the study, the participation of the patient, family, healthcare team, and community in creating RHD is recommended. It is also suggested to pay attention to these factors in care and treatment planning to help improve health and control complications and prevent re-hospitalization in these patients.

The search for new pathogenesis of cardiorenal syndrome: the effect of local Schumann resonance on the occurrence of episodes of kidney disease and myocardial infarction

Background. The pandemic of noncommunicable chronic diseases and the high prevalence of combined damage to the cardiovascular system and kidneys determine the relevance of continuing scientific research to solve these medical problems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the influence of the Earth’s electromagnetic field on the occurrence of episodes of kidney disease and myocardial infarction in order to search for new pathogenetic components of cardiorenal syndrome and deepen fundamental knowledge. According to the Lithuanian magnetometer GCI003, a number of stu­dies in 2014–2018 found that changes in the Earth’s electromagnetic field may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases as well as their incidence. Since the functioning of the cardiovascular system and kidneys are closely connected through the metabolic processes of the cardiorenal metabolic axis, this study tested the hypothesis that changes in the Earth’s electromagnetic field may also affect the pathogenesis of kidney disease as the changes of local magnetic field have been shown to influence the functioning of the cardiovascular system. Materials and methods. This was a search retrospective study on the relationship between the influence of local Schumann resonances and the occurrence of hospitalizations in 1340 patients with kidney disease. It also examined the relationship between local Schumann resonances and heart attacks in patients admitted to the University Hospital of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (703 patients). Mean power of local magnetic field fluctuations in Lithuania was measured in pT2 s2 in five different frequency ranges, which overlaps the Schumann resonance and electroencephalogram’s frequency ranges: SDelta (0–3.5 Hz), STheta (3.5–7 Hz), SAlpha (7–15 Hz), SBeta (15–32 Hz), SGamma (32–66 Hz). The data of hospitalizations to the Nephrology Department of University Hospital and the dynamics of Schumann resonances were analyzed from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021. The data of hospitalizations for myocardial infarction to the Cardiology Department of University Hospital and the dynamics of Schumann resonances were studied from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016. Results. It was found that changes in the strength of the Earth’s local magnetic field in 2016 and 2021 were comparable and corresponded to the characteristic annual dynamics of the Earth’s local electromagnetic fields. This made it possible to conduct a comparative analysis of annual correlation graphs and establish general trends in the dynamics of indicators and graphical similarities. It confirmed the pre­sence of a general dependence of reactions to the external electromagnetic field of the Earth in female and male patients both with nephrological pathology and myocardial infarction. In nephrological patients of both sexes, all correlation coefficients in all ranges of Schumann resonances were positive. The only negative correlation coefficient P5 (SGamma) [32; 65] Hz (r = –0.069; p = 0.313) was in the female group. This fact as well as the presence of a significant dynamics of the correlation coefficient P5 (SGamma) [32; 65] Hz (r = 0.009; p = 0.475) in the male group indicate that higher magnetic field strength in this frequency range may be associated with a reduced incidence of kidney disease. We obtained data that a higher magnetic field intensity in the gamma range from 32 to 65 Hz as a pathogenetic component can contribute to the destabilization of the cardiovascular system, but at the same time it is associated with a positive effect on the state of nephrological pathology. Based on this, we can tentatively assume the opposite direction of the Earth’s electromagnetic field influence on the pathogenetic mechanisms of renal and cardiovascular diseases. This is clearly demonstrated by comparing the correlation coefficients between the incidence of kidney disease and the occurrence of myocardial infarction in men and women. The Earth’s stronger magnetic field in the gamma range contributes to an increase in the incidence of myocardial infarction, which is confirmed by the large number of patients during this period. Under these same conditions, a decrease in the incidence of kidney disease has been detected. This opposite direction is observed in both sexes. But in women the reaction is stronger, which is confirmed by a larger difference in correlation coefficients. Conclusions. 1. Changes in the Earth’s electromagnetic field are related to the functional state of the cardiovascular system and the condition of the kidneys. 2. It can be assumed that the effect of the Earth’s electromagnetic field on the pathogenetic mechanisms of kidney disease is in the opposite direction of that on the cardiovascular one. 3. Reliable gender differences in correlations between the influence of changes in the local Schumann resonance on the functional state of the cardiovascular system and kidneys were not found. 4. The connection of the Earth’s local geomagnetic field with kidney function may be another new unexplored pathogenetic mechanism in cardiorenal syndrome and noncommunicable chronic diseases.

Stability Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 with Heart Attack Effected Patients and Bifurcation.

The aim of this study is to analyze and investigate the SARS-CoV-2 (SC-2) transmission with effect of heart attack in United Kingdom with advanced mathematical tools. Mathematical model is converted into fractional order with the help of fractal fractional operator (FFO). The proposed fractional order system is investigated qualitatively as well as quantitatively to identify its stable position. Local stability of the SC-2 system is verified and test the proposed system with flip bifurcation. Also system is investigated for global stability using Lyponove first and second derivative functions. The existence, boundedness, and positivity of the SC-2 is checked which are the key properties for such of type of epidemic problem to identify reliable findings. Effect of global derivative is demonstrated to verify its rate of effects of heart attack in united kingdom. Solutions for fractional order system are derived with the help of advanced tool FFO for different fractional values to verify the combine effect of COVID-19 and heart patients. Simulation are carried out to see symptomatic as well as a symptomatic effects of SC-2 in the United Kingdom as well as its global effects, also show the actual behavior of SC-2 which will be helpful to understand the outbreak of SC-2 for heart attack patients and to see its real behavior globally as well as helpful for future prediction and controlstrategies.

COMBINATION OF PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION (PMR) AND POSITIVE AFFIRMATION ON ANXIETY REDUCTION AND HEART PATIENT PAIN

Coronary heart disease is a major cause of death, morbidity and decreased quality of life in general. Heart attack patients often feel anxious, scared and depressed. Because almost all patients realize that the heart is an important organ and when it is damaged, their health is threatened. Anxiety and the emergence of a fear of death in patients with myocardial infarction can cause severe pain. The purpose of this study was to prove the effect of applying a combination of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) and positive affirmations on anxiety and pain intensity of heart patients at the Tk Hospital. II. Prof. Dr. J.A. Latumeten Ambon. The research design that will be used is a Quasi Experiment with the type of pretest-posttest control group design, namely where researchers will measure the effect of treatment or action on the intervention group by comparing the control group. The sampling technique used is Consecutive Sampling with a sample of 24 respondents. Data analysis techniques using Paired t-test and Independent t test. The results showed that of the 24 respondents studied, it showed a significance value of 0.000 < (α = 0.05), this means that there is a significant effect between the application of a combination of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) and positive affirmations on anxiety and pain intensity of cardiac patients in Tk Hospital. II. Prof. Dr. J.A. Latumeten Ambon. With the application of a combination of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) and positive affirmations, it can improve the quality of life of heart patients.

Lasso regression and random forest analysis on variables contributing to myocardial infarction

Heart attack is a dangerous medical emergency that affects millions of people worldwide, and many factors may lead to its onset, such as high blood pressure and cholesterol. Since the cause of heart attack is very multivariate, it is imperative to understand which factors contribute more than others to achieve better clinical outcomes for heart attack patients. This paper collects data from a dataset that contains 1319 samples of eight variables that have been associated with causing increased likelihood of heart attack and aims to investigate which of the eight variables contribute to heart attack more than others. Lasso regression is applied to eliminate least relevant predicting variables in the dataset, and Random Forest model is applied to the remaining predictors to rank their relative importance to the output. It is found that the predictors troponin and KCM are the strongest contributing risk factors to the output heart attack. The finding may prove to be helpful for physicians’ heart attack diagnosis process in the future.

Molecular purification, and kinetic study of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase in patients with cardiovascular disease

This study was conducted to evaluate serum glutathione peroxidase activity and partial purification of the enzyme from the serum of heart attack patients using a precipitant or what is called salting out, ion exchange dialysis using DEAE-Cellulose, and gel filtration using Sephadex G100 gel. This study was conducted on 90 samples, (60) patients whose ages ranged between (35-75) years and control (30) individuals whose ages ranged between (23-55). It showed that the number of purification times was (4.64), and the enzyme yield was (40%). The specific activity was (1.3 U/mg). Likewise, kinetic studies were carried out in which values of Km and Vmax of glutathione peroxidase were (16.66 mM) of Vmax, and (0.909 IU/L) of Km, and the optimal concentration of the base material was (100 mmol/L). The optimal temperature for enzyme action was (37°C), while the optimal pH was (7.2), and the molecular weight of glutathione peroxidase was (23 kDa). The study also studied the effect of carvedilol as an inhibitor of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, and the results showed a decrease in enzyme activity, and the type of inhibition was uncompetitive.

The effect of a simulation-based training program in basic life support on the knowledge of Palestinian nurses: a quasi-experimental study in governmental hospitals

BackgroundBasic Life Support (BLS) plays an important role in increasing the survival rate of hospitalized heart attack patients. There are no previous studies on the effect of BLS training among Palestinian nurses. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of simulation-based BLS training program on nurses’ knowledge Palestinian nurses at governmental hospitals.MethodsA quasi-experimental, pre & post-test design was used. 700 nurses were recruited proportionally using a simple random sampling method among 2980 nurses from 13 public hospitals in the Gaza Strip. This study was conducted from June to August 2022. A practical BLS test consisting of 10 multiple-choice questions according to American Heart Association guidelines (2020) was collected and sociodemographic characteristics. SPSS software, version 24 was used for the statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics and weighted mean were used. T-Test and One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied to determine differences in means among groups.ResultsMost of the participating nurses (55.7%) were male, while (44.3%) were female. The majority of nurses (84.4%) are under 40 years of age. The weighted mean scores in the pre-test ranged from 52.2 to 75.1% and the mean scores was (6.16 ± 1.97). After applying conventional BLS training, the weighted mean scores ranged from 85.6 to 97.3% and the mean scores was (9.19 ± 1.04). The study revealed that the nurses’ knowledge increased after applying simulation-based training program. The mean of knowledge scores was statistically significant between the pre and post-test on the basis of the current work hospital (P-value < 0.001).ConclusionThis study affords significant evidence of the positive effects of the BLS training program in improving nurses’ knowledge; we recommend advanced BLS training for all healthcare providers, doctors, and nurses working in hospitals and healthcare centers. Nursing managers can implement systematic strategies to enhance nurses’ knowledge and practice in BLS to target low-scoring Governorates.

Effects of Hospital-Acquired Conditions on Readmission Risk: The Mediating Role of Length of Stay

Problem definition: Hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) represent undesirable complications that occur during a hospital stay. HACs can compromise patient safety and care outcomes and result in unnecessary socio-economic costs. Although hospitals are expected to reduce the incidence of HACs, few studies have examined the implications of HACs on other clinical outcomes and measures of hospital performance. This study contributes to the literature by exploring the relationship between exposure to a set of target HACs, length of stay (LOS) performance, and 30-day readmission risk. Methodology/results: To estimate the effects of HACs, we conduct econometric analyses using patient-visit-level data for heart attack, heart failure, and pneumonia patients hospitalized in the U.S. state of Florida during 2010–2014. We define LOS performance as the deviation of LOS from the Geometric Mean LOS (GMLOS), a standard LOS set by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. First, we find that exposure to HACs leads to a 37% increase in the odds of readmission and a 79% increase in LOS. Second, an increase in LOS is associated with a decrease in readmission risk, and this decrease is stronger for patients exposed to HACs. Third, LOS performance mediates the HACs-readmission risk relationship, such that the increase in the readmission risk of a HAC patient can be fully suppressed by the patient’s LOS. Fourth, we find that for patients exposed to HACs, the benefits of a longer LOS are almost entirely capitalized when the LOS becomes 65% longer than the GMLOS. Managerial implications: We demonstrate that, when addressing the consequences of HACs, clinicians also face indirectly a trade-off between reducing readmissions and controlling costs. We proffer LOS as a potential mechanism under hospitals’ control for mitigating the adverse effects of HACs on readmission risk. Thus, this study offers guidance to clinicians having to decide when to discharge patients with exposure to HACs. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0088 .

In Case You Haven't Heard…

Heart attacks are linked to faster cognitive decline over time, a new study suggests. Individuals who experience a myocardial infarction (heart attack) appear to have a faster cognitive decline over time than those who do not experience a myocardial infarction, according to a report published May 30 in JAMA Neurology. The findings point to the importance of tracking the cognitive function of heart attack patients and suggest that high‐risk patients should be counseled on the potential cognitive ramifications of such an event, wrote lead author Michelle C. Johansen, M.D., Ph.D., of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and colleagues. “The findings also suggest that prevention of [myocardial infarction] may be a strategy to preserve brain health in older adults,” they added. The sample included 30,465 individuals, average age 64, who had no history of myocardial infarction, dementia, or stroke at the time of their first cognitive assessment. The individuals were followed for a median of 6.4 years, during which time 1,033 (3.4%) experienced one or more myocardial infarction events. The primary outcome measure was change in global cognition; secondary outcomes were changes in memory and executive function.

Lipidomics Profiling and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in the BioHEART-CT Discovery Cohort

The current coronary artery disease (CAD) risk scores for predicting future cardiovascular events rely on well-recognized traditional cardiovascular risk factors derived from a population level but often fail individuals, with up to 25% of first-time heart attack patients having no risk factors. Non-invasive imaging technology can directly measure coronary artery plaque burden. With an advanced lipidomic measurement methodology, for the first time, we aim to identify lipidomic biomarkers to enable intervention before cardiovascular events. With 994 participants from BioHEART-CT Discovery Cohort, we collected clinical data and performed high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry to determine concentrations of 683 plasma lipid species. Statin-naive participants were selected based on subclinical CAD (sCAD) categories as the analytical cohort (n = 580), with sCAD+ (n = 243) compared to sCAD− (n = 337). Through a machine learning approach, we built a lipid risk score (LRS) and compared the performance of the existing Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in predicting sCAD+. We obtained individual classifiability scores and determined Body Mass Index (BMI) as the modifying variable. FRS and LRS models achieved similar areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in predicting the validation cohort. LRS enhanced the prediction of sCAD+ in the healthy-weight group (BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2), where FRS performed poorly and identified individuals at risk that FRS missed. Lipid features have strong potential as biomarkers to predict CAD plaque burden and can identify residual risk not captured by traditional risk factors/scores. LRS compliments FRS in prediction and has the most significant benefit in healthy-weight individuals.

Design and Analysis of an Inductive Coupling System for the Early Detection of Heart Failure

Heart failure is a common, complex clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. Hemodynamic parameter evaluation is useful for early detection, clinical outcome monitoring, timely treatment, and the overall prognosis of heart failure patients. Therefore, continuous monitoring of hemodynamic parameters helps in the evaluation of patients with suspected heart failure. The hemodynamic parameters change with respect to the contraction and expansion of the heart. Hence, in this research, two circuit-less 30 mm spherical receiver coils were implanted in both the left and right sides of the heart and an external transceiver coil was placed above the chest. The changes in the reflection coefficient of the transceiver coil at the resonant frequency changed depending on the distance between the implanted coils, allowing the contraction and expansion of the heart to be determined. This work was carried out at 13.56 MHz, considering the safety limits imposed by the FCC. The proposed reflection coefficient monitoring technique may distinguish healthy patients from heart failure and heart attack patients. The reflection coefficients at a maximum distance of 50 mm for simulation and measurement are −10.3 dB and −10.6 dB, respectively, at the resonant frequency.

Research on Coronary Heart Disease Knowledge Organization Based on Follow-up Data

Coronary heart disease was the main reason behind the millions of deaths caused by heart attacks in patients over the last decades. This study is a knowledge organization study of coronary heart disease based on follow-up data. Firstly, we refer to some medical ontologies on the Bioportal webpage and extract some entities and define them based on the BFO top-level ontology, then summarize their attributes and construct semantic model to form semantic relationships, and finally use Protégé to form a coronary heart disease ontology based on follow-up data, and store and visualize it with the help of GraphDB. The visualization graph finally formed in this study enables the data of each follow-up visit to be reflected on a visualization interface in a centralized and systematic way at the same time, thus helping physicians to browse patient information comprehensively, intuitively and quickly in order to find the key factors affecting the treatment outcome.

Studi Kualitatif Strategi Koping Perawatan Diri Pada Pasien Post Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)

&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Background&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;:&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Coronary Heart Disease is a disease of the coronary arteries that are in charge of supplying blood supply to the heart muscles so that it can cause a heart attack. Prevention In order to prevent the recurrence of heart attacks in patients with coronary heart disease, they need to carry out massive self-care with the existence of coping strategies that can act as individual responses to the stressors they face. The purpose of this study was to explore how self-care coping strategies in post-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) patients. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study used a phenomenologcal approachwith a qualitative design, and then the data were analyze used The collaizi method. Research informants were taken using purposive sampling technique, totaling 7 people who did re-control at the Cardiology Polyclinic of RSUD Dr. Achmad Mochtar Bukittinggi. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and field notes. &lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;: The results of this study identified two themes, namely: problem-focused coping strategy and emotion-focused coping strategy. It can be concluded that the form of coping strategies carried out by post-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) patients at RSUD Dr. Achmad Mochtar Bukittinggi varies and the Problem Focused Coping strategy is the main strategy used. There are also participants who use Emotion-Focused Coping strategies. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;: It is recommended that the results of this study can add and provide input as well as reference material for health workers, especially nurses, in providing nursing interventions in the management of chronic diseases during treatment.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Coping Strategies, Self Care, Coronary Heart Disease, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Pasien Dalam Mencegah Kekambuhan Dari Serangan Jantung Di Ruang Poli Jantung

Heart attack is one of the causes of sudden death. To prevent recurrence of heart attacks, good knowledge and attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle are needed. The aim of the study was to find out the knowledge and attitudes of patients in preventing recurrence of heart attacks in the Cardiac Poly Room, Panti Waluyo Sawahan Hospital, Malang City. This research method uses descriptive quantitative on 30 respondents using systematic random sampling technique and using a questionnaire instrument. The population of this study were all heart attack patients in the Heart Polyclinic Room of Panti Waluyo Sawahan Hospital, Malang City with a total sample of 30 people. Samples were taken by systematic random sampling technique. The variables studied were knowledge and attitudes about heart attack prevention. The measuring tool to determine both knowledge and attitude variables is a questionnaire. The results form this study showed that the majority of patients had less knowledge (56.7%) and attitude in preventing recurrence of heart attacks in the poor category (70.0%). Suggestions that can be given from this study are provide education about preventing recurrence of heart attacks through media images and videos that patients and families can read and watch when controlling or visiting the hospital.

Chatbot to predict need of a stent in cardiac treatment

Background: Every year, across the globe about 1,800,000 people suffers with heart attack and India has the highest rate in the world with almost 25% families having a member who suffered heart attack at least once. One of the solutions to reduce the heart attacks in patients is placing a stent. Once the blockage is identified, it is suggested that a stent with the required size is inserted into the coronary artery. The invasive device and its associated cost automatically leads to a dilemma for both the doctors as well as patients. The young practitioners of cardiology may face a dilemma sometimes whether to go for stent or not. The patients undergoing treatment for cardiac issues would be in a two state mind whether to go for stent or not. The above two dilemmas can be mitigated and confidence of both doctors and patients in decision making can be enhanced with the help of a technology driven application that suggests requirement of stent with a degree of confidence. Methods: The chatbot in our project shall help in taking textual and image based inputs of the information of the heart and coronary artery of a patient and predicts the requirement of stent being placed. The real time data of 50 patients was used in training the model with a data set consisting of 349 scanned images of angiogram. The model developed consists of sequential CNN model with 5 convolutional 2D layers and 5 Maxpool layers. Results: The model could achieve an accuracy of 81%. Conclusions: The authors have successfully developed and tested a machine learning based chatbot model to predict the need of a stent in cardiac treatment.

Effects of perilipin-5 on lipid metabolism and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I.

SUMMARYOBJECTIVE:Heart attack is one of the most common causes of sudden death in adults. Therefore, early detection of heart attack and investigation of potential new biomarkers are of great importance. We investigated whether perilipin-5 is a potential biomarker by examining changes in perilipin-5 serum levels along with high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I during a heart attack.METHODS:The subjects were divided into two groups: (1) control group and (2) patients with heart attack, with 150 people in each group. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, perilipin-5, total oxidant status, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase levels in serum samples were measured. In addition, perilipin-5 mRNA expressions and protein levels were analyzed.RESULTS:There was no overall statistical difference between the demographic characteristics of the groups. However, high-density lipoprotein, creatine kinase, Creatine kinase myocardial band, aspartate amino transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and calcium levels were higher in the heart attack group compared to the control group. We found that the high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and perilipin-5 levels increased in the patients with heart attack (p<0.0001) compared to control. Although there was an insignificant increase in malondialdehyde levels in the heart attack group (p>0.05), there was a 35.9% increase in total oxidant status levels and a 33.5 and 24.1% decrease in glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels, respectively (p<0.01), compared to control. Perilipin-5 mRNA and protein levels in heart attack patients increased by 48.2 and 23.6%, respectively, compared to the control group (p<0.01).CONCLUSION:Our results showed that perilipin-5 together with high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I could be a promising biomarker in heart attack.