Hearing Loss In Preschool Children Research Articles

Cerebral cortex functional reorganization in preschool children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss: a resting-state fMRI study.

How cortical functional reorganization occurs after hearing loss in preschool children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss (CSNHL) is poorly understood. Therefore, we used resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) to explore the characteristics of cortical reorganization in these patents. Sixty-three preschool children with CSNHL and 32 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited, and the Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) scores were determined at the 6-month follow-up after cochlear implantation (CI). First, rs-fMRI data were preprocessed, and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were calculated. Second, whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) analysis was performed using bilateral primary auditory cortex as seed points. Finally, Spearman correlation analysis was performed between the differential ALFF, ReHo and FC values and the CAP score. ALFF analysis showed that preschool children with CSNHL had lower ALFF values in the bilateral prefrontal cortex and superior temporal gyrus than HCs, but higher ALFF values in the bilateral thalamus and calcarine gyrus. And correlation analysis showed that some abnormal brain regions were weak negatively correlated with CAP score (p < 0.05). The ReHo values in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus, part of the prefrontal cortex and left insular gyrus were lower, whereas ReHo values in the bilateral thalamus, right caudate nucleus and right precentral gyrus were higher, in children with CSNHL than HCs. However, there was no correlation between ReHo values and the CAP scores (p < 0.05). Using primary auditory cortex (PAC) as seed-based FC further analysis revealed enhanced FC in the visual cortex, proprioceptive cortex and motor cortex. And there were weak negative correlations between the FC values in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus, occipital lobe, left postcentral gyrus and right thalamus were weakly negatively correlated and the CAP score (p < 0.05). After auditory deprivation in preschool children with CSNHL, the local functions of auditory cortex, visual cortex, prefrontal cortex and somatic motor cortex are changed, and the prefrontal cortex plays a regulatory role in this process. There is functional reorganization or compensation between children's hearing and these areas, which may not be conducive to auditory language recovery after CI in deaf children.

Prevalence and Profiles of Late-Onset Hearing Loss in Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Who Passed Newborn Hearing Screening in a South East Asian Population.

Prevalence of hearing loss in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is uncertain, as it is more challenging to assess hearing function in children with developmental difficulties (DD). We aimed to determine the prevalence and profiles of hearing loss in preschool children with ASD in a Southeast-Asian population who passed newborn hearing screening. A retrospective study of preschool children with DD (ASD, Global Developmental Delay (GDD), and Speech and Language Delay (SLD)) attending the Child Development Unit (CDU) at our hospital was performed. Three hundred and thirty-three children (ASD: n = 129; GDD: n = 110; and SLD: n = 94) underwent hearing assessments. Of these, 10.8% of children (n = 36, comprising 15 with ASD, 12 with GDD and 9 with SLD) had confirmed hearing loss. Hearing loss was predominantly bilateral in children with ASD and GDD; in those with SLD, unilateral and bilateral hearing loss were equally common. Conductive hearing loss occurred as frequently as sensorineural hearing loss in children with ASD and SLD, but was the dominant subtype in those with GDD. Moderate to severe hearing loss (n = 2) was noted only in children with ASD. Children with ASD and GDD required significantly more audiology visits and procedures to obtain conclusive hearing test results, compared to those with SLD. The need to identify hearing loss and monitor for resolution is particularly important in vulnerable populations with communication deficits, such as in those with ASD.

Hearing care network for early identification of delayed hearing loss in preschool children

Objective:To establish a hearing care network for preschool children in Nanjing, to perform early identification and intervention for delayed hearing loss, and to evaluate the application effect of the hearing care network. Methods:Through the establishment of a hearing care network, hearing screening, diagnosis and follow-up of preschool children were conducted. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions（DPOAE） was adopted for primary hearing screening. Children who failed in the primary screening were re-screened within half a month. DPOAE and acoustic impedance test were used for hearing re-screening. Clinical diagnosis and audiological evaluation were performed for children who failed in the re-screening. Speech assessment, hearing aid intervention, and audio-speech follow-up were conducted for children diagnosed with delayed hearing loss. Results:Among 29 919 preschool children completing the hearing screening from May 2019 to September 2022, 3208 cases（10.7%） failed the primary screening and 1437 cases（47.7%） failed the re-screening. Total 747 children completed the hearing diagnosis, and 70 children were diagnosed with delayed hearing loss, with a detection rate of 0.23%. Among them, 20 cases were accompanied by language development delay, in which 12 cases received hearing aids and 2 cases received cochlear implantation. In addition, speech assessment and audiological follow-up were completed for 53 children. Conclusion:The hearing screening for preschool children is beneficial for early detection of children with delayed hearing loss and language development delay. Besides, the establishment of hearing care network is conducive to early identification and intervention of children with hearing loss.

Predicting hearing loss in children according to the referrer and referral cause

BackgroundHearing assessment in children is considered necessary in all cases involving a doubt regarding hearing acuity. Due to the fact that the number of referrals may be much greater than the actual capacity of a hearing institute, it would be desirable to have a filtering tool in order to detect the cases with higher suspicion of hearing loss. ObjectiveTo evaluate whether anamnesis details can be used as a sorting tool for detection of highly suspicious cases of hearing loss in preschool children. The anamnesis details may be one or more of the following: the reason for performing hearing test, which caregiver indicated the need for hearing evaluation, the parent's comprehension of their child hearing, and the medical history. Methodsthe parents of preschool children, who were referred to the hearing institute at Soroka university medical center, were asked to fill a questionnaire containing 18 questions. The questions referred to details such as: the reason for performing the hearing test; who suggested the existence of hearing impairment; medical history issues and questions regarding details that may indicate a risk of hearing loss. Details such as Otoscopy results were taken from the medical record of the patient. Results317 preschool and school patients were recruited to the study. Hearing loss was found in 42% of the cases. The most common reason for performing the hearing test was speech disturbance (33%). In cases which the parents were those who raised the suspicion of hearing loss – hearing impairment was found in 61% of the cases, compared to 36% when the speech therapist was the one raising the doubts and to only 18% when the kindergarten teacher was the one raising the doubt. The positive predictive value of patient that their parents suspected the hearing loss combined with pathologic otoscopy result was 82.6% when the reason for the test was hearing impairment suspicion, and 91.3% when the reason for the hearing test was speech disturbance. ConclusionsParents are the best in assessing their child's hearing followed by the speech therapist and the least sensitive is the school teacher.

Hearing loss in preschool children from a low income South African community

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine and describe hearing loss among preschool children in a South African community representative of typical low- and middle income countries (LMIC). MethodChildren between the ages of 3–6 years received a hearing screening at their early childhood development (ECD) center. If a child failed the hearing screening, he/she was seen for a follow-up rescreen and diagnostic assessment if necessary at their ECD center or closest referral clinic. Diagnostic testing consisted of otoscopy, tympanommetry and pure-tone diagnostic audiometry. ResultsA total of 6424 children were screened at ECD centers with a referral rate of 24.9%. Follow-up assessments were conducted on 45.3% (725) of these children. Diagnostic testing revealed that 9.3% of children presented with impacted cerumen and 18.7% presented with a hearing loss (56.5% binaural). Binary logistic regression revealed no gender or age effects (p > 0.05). Conductive hearing loss (65.2%) was the most common type of hearing loss found in children. ConclusionsMost preschool children who failed the hearing screening and received a diagnostic assessment were in need of intervention services for conductive hearing losses, followed by sensorineural and mixed losses.

Hearing Loss after Cardiac Surgery in Infancy: An Unintended Consequence of Life-Saving Care

To investigate the prevalence of hearing loss after cardiac surgery in infancy, patient and operative factors associated with hearing loss, and the relationship of hearing loss to neurodevelopmental outcomes. Audiologic and neurodevelopmental evaluations were conducted on 348 children who underwent repair of congenital heart disease at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia as part of a prospective study evaluating neurodevelopmental outcomes at 4 years of age. A prevalence estimate was calculated based on presence and type of hearing loss. Potential risk factors and the impact of hearing loss on neurodevelopmental outcomes were evaluated. The prevalence of hearing loss was 21.6% (95% CI, 17.2-25.9). The prevalence of conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and indeterminate hearing loss were 12.4% (95% CI, 8.8-16.0), 6.9% (95% CI, 4.1-9.7), and 2.3% (95% CI, 0.6-4.0), respectively. Only 18 of 348 subjects (5.2%) had screened positive for hearing loss before this study and 10 used a hearing aid. After adjusting for patient and operative covariates, younger gestational age, longer postoperative duration of stay, and a confirmed genetic anomaly were associated with hearing loss (all P < .01). The presence of hearing loss was associated with worse language, cognition and attention (P <.01). These findings suggest that the prevalence of hearing loss in preschool children after heart surgery in infancy may be 20-fold higher than in the 1% prevalence seen in the general population. Younger gestational age, presence of a genetic anomaly, and longer postoperative duration of stay were associated with hearing loss. Hearing loss was associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Analysis of hearing loss in preschool children - A retrospective data based study

Analysis of hearing loss in preschool children - A retrospective data based study

Screening of delayed-onset hearing loss in preschool children in the mid-south of China

Objective: Newborn hearing screening has been successfully implemented worldwide to improve the detection of hearing loss. However, delayed-onset hearing loss subsequent to newborn hearing screening remains a concern. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of delayed-onset hearing loss in preschool children who previously passed newborn hearing screening in Hubei Province in mid-south China. Design: Preschool children were screened by transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) for delayed-onset hearing loss. Children referred after the TEOAE screening were assessed audiologically. Study sample: Between March 2010 and September 2011, 28 546 preschool children (4.86 ± 1.67 years old), who had passed newborn hearing screening were targeted for screening from four cities in Hubei Province, China. Results: During the study period, 540 children (1.89%) were referred for audiologic assessment and 22 (0.77/1000) of them had permanent delayed-onset hearing loss, including 8 (0.28/1000) with bilateral moderate hearing loss, 10 (0.35/1000) with mild bilateral hearing loss, 2 (0.07/1000) with unilateral moderate hearing loss, and 2 (0.07/1000) with unilateral mild hearing loss. Conclusions: Despite the success of newborn hearing screening, the provision of hearing screening in preschool remains essential for identifying delayed-onset hearing loss.

Screening for delayed-onset hearing loss in preschool children who previously passed the newborn hearing screening

Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of delayed-onset hearing loss in preschool children who previously passed newborn hearing screening in Shanghai, China. Methods Between October 2009 and September 2010, 21,427 preschool children were enrolled from five areas of Shanghai, who had passed newborn hearing screening. Children were screened for delayed-onset hearing loss with pediatric audiometers. Children with positive results in initial and re-screening tests were assessed audiologically and for risk indicators according to the Year 2007 Statement of the American Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH). Results During the study period, 445 children (2.08%) were referred for audiologic assessment; 16 (0.75/1000, 95% CI 0.38–1.12) had permanent delayed-onset hearing loss. Of these, five (0.23/1000) had bilateral moderate hearing loss; seven (0.33/1000) had mild bilateral hearing loss; and four (0.19/1000) had unilateral moderate or mild hearing loss. JCIH risk indicators were established for six children (6/16, 37.5%), including parental concern regarding speech and language developmental delay, neonatal intensive care unit with assisted ventilation or hyperbilirubinemia, recurrent otitis media with effusion, craniofacial malformation, and family history ( n = 1 for each). The remaining ten (62.5%) had no related risk factors. Conclusions A significant proportion of preschool children have undiagnosed delayed-onset hearing loss. Hearing screening in preschool is recommended for an early detection.

Evaluation of the use of a questionnaire by non-specialists to detect hearing loss in preschool Brazilian children

In developing countries there is a lack of trained personnel and testing equipment to facilitate early detection of hearing impairment in children. There is a need to develop a strategic functional model for identification of hearing impairments through a scheme for the optimal utilization of the limited and local resources in the community. A questionnaire offers a low-cost option, specially if it is administered by non-professionals. This study evaluated a parent report questionnaire by non-professionals, to identify hearing loss in pre-school children of a poor community in São Paulo city. Seven volunteers were trained by a professional to use the questionnaire. A total of 133 children aged 3-6 years enrolled in this study. Their parents answered the questionnaire administered by the volunteers and the children underwent audiological screening (audiometry and imitanciometry). The results showed that the volunteers reproduced the evaluation of the professional regarding the use of the questionnaire. The majority of the results were statistically significant and the minimal percentage of concordance was 77%. Of the 133 children who were tested, 12 failed the audiometry screening (9.02%) and 18 failed the tympanometry screening (13.53%). The questionnaire did not differentiate between the children who failed in the audiological screening from those who did not, suggesting further refinements are necessary.

Early identification of hearing loss: practices and procedures.

Early identification and management of hearing loss is of critical importance for maximizing a hearing-impaired child's language-learning potential. This article discusses the benefits of early identification. The process of identification of hearing loss in preschool children, including infant screening techniques, audiological testing methods, and other tests used to determine the kind and degree of hearing loss, are discussed. Appropriate habilitation and educational placement is also discussed, including hearing aid selection and parent participation.

Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Preschool Children

During 7 years since 1971, 97 preschool children of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss with normal hearing contralaterally were either screened out by the hearing screening tests for nursery-school children, or found by the consultations at the Children's Medical and Welfare Center.Seventy-nine children attended for interviews and further examinations.Among 6, 825, preschool children, 10 cases of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss were screened out. Neither sexual nor affected-ear difference was observed.In 57 percent out of 79 patients, the disorder was discovered by their parents before their school age. Etiology was unknown in 89 percent, though about half of them had any suspicious factor in their history. Mumpus was the cause in 8 percent. In other 2 cases (3 percent), the rapid onset of hearing impairment appeared after high fever and earache. Eighty-one percent of them showed severe hearing loss. In 21 percent of the children, the hearing loss was progressed. Caloric test showed canal paresis of the affected ears in 24 percent of the patients. One third of them were in the progressive hearing loss group. No abnormality was discovered by X-ray tomography in the canal paresis group.

Delayed Diagnosis of Congenital Hearing Loss in Preschool Children

Delayed Diagnosis of Congenital Hearing Loss in Preschool Children

Detection of Hearing Loss in Preschool Children

Detection of Hearing Loss in Preschool Children

A screening program for the detection of hearing loss in preschool children.

A Screening Program for the Detection of Hearing Loss in Preschool Children William E. Mosher, and Adfur E. Maines CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.45.9.1101 Published Online: August 29, 2011