Hearing Aid Satisfaction Research Articles

Measuring Hearing Aid Satisfaction in Everyday Listening Situations: Retrospective and In Situ Assessments Complement Each Other.

Recently, we developed a hearing-related lifestyle questionnaire (HEARLI-Q), which asks respondents to rate their hearing aid (HA) satisfaction in 23 everyday listening situations. It is unknown how HA satisfaction on the retrospective HEARLI-Q scale compares with HA satisfaction measured on the same scale implemented in Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). To learn how retrospective (HEARLI-Q) and in situ (EMA) assessments can complement each other. An observational study. Twenty-one experienced HA users. The participants first filled out the HEARLI-Q questionnaire, followed by a 1-week EMA trial using their own HAs. HA satisfaction ratings were compared between the two questionnaires and the underlying drivers of discrepancies in HA satisfaction ratings were evaluated. HA satisfaction ratings were significantly higher in EMA for speech communication with one or several people. Hearing difficulty in these situations was rated higher in HEARLI-Q than in EMA, but occurrence of those difficult listening situations was also rated to be lower. When comparing only the situations that occur on daily or weekly basis, the two questionnaires had similar HA satisfaction ratings. Lower occurrence of difficult listening situations seems to be the key driver of discrepancies in HA satisfaction ratings between EMA and HEARLI-Q. The advantage of EMA is that it provides insight into an individual's day-to-day life and is not prone to memory bias. HEARLI-Q, on the other hand, can capture situations that occur infrequently or are inconvenient to report in the moment. Administering HEARLI-Q and EMA in combination could give a more holistic view of HA satisfaction.

Focusing on positive listening experiences improves hearing aid outcomes in first-time hearing aid users: a randomized controlled trial

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate whether positive focus (PF), an intervention that asks hearing aid users to focus on positive listening experiences, improves hearing aid outcomes for first-time hearing aid users. Design The participants were randomised into a control or PF group. They were fitted with hearing aids and followed for six months after fitting. The PF group was asked to report positive listening experiences in their daily life via an app. Participants in both groups were periodically prompted by the app to answer questionnaires about hearing aid satisfaction and benefit. Two follow-up visits at approximately one and six months were performed. Study sample 20 adult first-time hearing aid users in the control and 18 in the PF group. Results Hearing aid satisfaction and benefit scores were significantly better in the PF group, already at two weeks and throughout the six months. In the PF group, the hearing aid outcomes were positively correlated with the number of submitted positive reports. Conclusions These results point to the importance of asking first-time hearing aid users to focus on positive listening experiences and to reflect upon them. This can lead to improved short- and long-term hearing aid outcomes.

Trust Talks: Explaining Procedures to Patients and the Influence on Hearing Aid Satisfaction

Trust Talks: Explaining Procedures to Patients and the Influence on Hearing Aid Satisfaction

Interviews with musicians with hearing aids

Objectives Musicians who wear hearing aids are a unique subset of hearing-impaired individuals. There are a number of issues musicians experience with hearing aids, making effective hearing rehabilitation a challenge. Research suggests hearing aid satisfaction in musicians is lower partly due to their advanced listening skills, however, qualitative research addressing musicians who wear hearing aids for music is scarce. The current study aimed to record the barriers encountered by musicians who wear hearing aids when playing their instrument/singing, listening to recorded music and listening to live music. Design Professional musicians who wear hearing aids were interviewed. Participants were questioned about their experiences with hearing loss and hearing aids, with particular emphasis on experiences listening to recorded and live music, and playing or performing music with the hearing aids. Study Sample Eight professional musicians were interviewed, using a semi-structured interview style, with a question and prompt guide. Results Thematic analysis revealed three main themes in the data: the musicians' journey, communication, and flexibility/adjustability. Conclusions The results have implications for future research into specific fitting parameters for hearing aids for musicians (particularly for music performance), the need for evidence-based rehabilitation programs for musicians with hearing loss, and the need for a glossary of terms to assist communication between Audiologists and musicians.

Reasons for ceiling ratings in real-life evaluations of hearing aids: the relationship between SNR and hearing aid ratings.

In past Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) studies, hearing aid outcome ratings have often been close to ceiling. To analyze the underlying reasons for the very positive ratings, we conducted a study with 17 experienced hearing aid wearers who were fitted with study hearing aids. The acceptable noise level and the noise level where participants were unable to follow speech were measured. The participants then rated hearing aid satisfaction, speech understanding and listening effort for pre-defined SNRs between -10 and +20 dB SPL in the laboratory. These ratings were compared to ratings of a two-week EMA trial. Additionally, estimates of SNRs were collected from hearing aids during the EMA trial and we assessed whether the participants experienced those SNRs rated poorly in the laboratory in real life. The results showed that for hearing aid satisfaction and speech understanding, the full rating scale was used in the laboratory, while the ratings in real life were strongly skewed towards the positive end of the scale. In the laboratory, SNRs where participants indicated they could not follow the narrator ("unable to follow" noise level) were rated clearly better than the lowest possible ratings. This indicates that very negative ratings may not be applicable in real-life testing. The lower part of the distribution of real-life SNR estimates was related to participants' individual "unable to follow" noise levels and the SNRs which were rated poorly in the laboratory made up less than 10% of the speech situations experienced in real life. This indicates that people do not seem to frequently experience listening situations at SNRs where they are dissatisfied with their hearing aids and this could be the reason for the overly positive hearing aid outcome ratings in EMA studies. It remains unclear to what extent the scarcity of such situations is due lack of encounters or intentional avoidance.

The Effects of Type of Fitting, Technology and User Experience on Satisfaction with Hearing Aid Assessed by Persian Version of the MarkeTrak Survey

Background and Aim: Satisfaction with hearing aids is very important for continued use of the device and improving hearing status and quality of lives of people with hearing loss. MarkeTrak survey has been used for many years to track factors influencing satisfaction with hearing aids. This study aimed to make a valid and reliable Persian version of the MarkeTrak survey to measure the effects of type of fitting, experience and technology on hearing aid satisfaction. Methods: After confirmation of validity and reliability of the Persian MarkeTrak, 71 people participate in the study. The effects of bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids (type of fitting), experience and wireless versus non-wireless technology were tested. Results: Bilateral hearing aid users has significantly higher satisfaction rate than unilateral users (65.6±7.2 versus 59.9±17.7). The effects of experience with using hearing aids and type of technology did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Higher satisfaction with bilateral hearing aids might result from better sound quality in diverse listening conditions, spatial hearing and directionality with two ears rather than one ear. Keywords: Persian MarkeTrak; bilateral hearing aids; wireless; experience; satisfaction

The effect of remote fitting technology on hearing aid satisfaction

BackgroundTelemedicine is a method of providing remote healthcare services and consultations to patients using communication technology. Tele-audiology is a sub-branch of telemedicine. It refers to providing audiology services using telehealth strategies. This study aims to compare the satisfaction of patients who come to the hearing aid center and receive device fitting service and patients who have hearing aid fitting using tele-audiology service. For this purpose, hearing aid users were divided into two groups. The study group consisted of 17 participants (10 male, 7 females; mean age 65.17 ± 13.88) who continued fitting appointments remotely after the first clinic application, while the control group consisted of 23 participants (10 males, 13 females; mean age 62.17 ± 18.32) who had all hearing aid fittings performed face-to-face in the clinic. The participant’s satisfaction was assessed with The International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids Turkiye (IOI-HA-TR) questionnaire because it is practical and can be administered over the phone.ResultsThere were no significant differences in hearing aid satisfaction between those who came to the hearing center and filled out the IOI-HA-TR questionnaire personally and those who completed it through the Remote Care application (p < 0.05). In addition, most of the participants stated that using Remote Care solved their problems (35% very good, 24% good) and they were satisfied with the fitting of their hearing aids with this application (35% good, 29% very good). In addition, 13 out of 17 participants stated that they would pay attention to the “remote fitting” feature when purchasing a new hearing aid (76% very good). Moreover, they would like to continue the fitting using the Remote Care application (65% yes).ConclusionRemote fitting technology via smartphone applications can facilitate the lives of hearing aid users and improve their quality of life in cases of risky conditions such as pandemics, various diseases, and physical limitations.

Investigation of the relationship of hearing aid users personality traits and hearing aid satisfaction

Objective Hearing aid satisfaction is in a relationship with the individual characteristics and personality traits of the user as well as the audiological variables. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of personality traits and individual characteristics on hearing aid satisfaction. Methods The study involved 60 adults (29 females and 31 males) aged 18–65 years. The recruited participants were subjected to the Big Five Inventory (BFI) to determine personality traits and the Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Living (SADL) to assess hearing aid satisfaction. Results High levels of extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness were in positive relationship with hearing aid satisfaction, while high levels of neuroticism were negatively correlated with hearing aid satisfaction (p < .05). When gender results were compared, it was seen that female users reported a higher hearing aid satisfaction than men (p < .05). Conclusion It is thought that during planning and carrying out the rehabilitation with hearing aids, considering individual characteristics such as personality, age, expectations, gender and experience, will contribute to hearing aid satisfaction.

Determinants of regular use of hearing aids among older adults in Tehran (Iran)

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to examine the determinants of the regular use of hearing aids among older adults.The data for this cross-sectional study was obtained from a study titled ‘Development and evaluation of a Structural Equation Model for Identifying Factors Associated with the Actual Use of Hearing Aids among Older Adults with Hearing Loss in Tehran.’ Briefly, 300 hearing users aged 60 and older residing in Tehran were selected using stratified random sampling and administered the study’s self-assessment instruments. SPSS (v. 24) software was used to analyze data using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, chi-square, and binary logistic regression analysis.The mean age of the participants was 71.38 (SD=8). Of the study population, 50.7% were female, and 49.3% were male. In addition, 63.3% of the participants used hearing aids regularly. The multiple logistic regression model controlling the simultaneous effect of the variables indicated that the regular use of hearing aids was influenced by a variety of factors, including education level, hearing aid satisfaction, self-reported hearing impairment, perceived social support, extroversion personality trait, and emotional stability (P≤.05).The main findings of the present study can aid hearing healthcare providers in designing effective interventions and strategies and promoting the regular use of hearing aids among older adults by improving their understanding of the associated factors.

Hearing Aid Benefit and Satisfaction Results from the MarkeTrak 2022 Survey: Importance of Features and Hearing Care Professionals.

The hearing aid market is rapidly evolving with advancements in features and potential changes in service delivery models, including the new over-the-counter device category. Data from the MarkeTrak 2022 survey indicate most hearing aid owners report regular quality-of-life benefits from hearing aids, even more than in previous surveys. The increased likelihood of hearing aid benefits might be attributable to modern hearing aid features advancements, such as wireless connectivity and rechargeable batteries. Hearing aid satisfaction rates have been relatively stable over the years, indicating that more than 80% of hearing aid owners are satisfied with their devices. Hearing aid satisfaction rates do not appreciably vary by fitting channel; hearing aid owners fitted in person, fitted remotely, or self-fit are similarly likely to report high satisfaction with their device. However, only respondents in the in-person channel gave establishment ratings (reflecting their willingness to recommend) that resulted and reflected a positive net promoter score. Given the potential for net promoter scores to be related to brand growth and customer loyalty, this finding has implications for the development of over-the-counter hearing aid service-delivery models. Additional work is warranted to explore the factors that negatively affect hearing aid owners' satisfaction with the companies delivering limited services.

Real-Ear-to-Coupler Difference: Physical and Perceptual Differences.

The real-ear-to-coupler difference (RECD) is a recommended measure for accurate hearing aid fittings, especially for pediatric populations. However, for adults, many clinicians question whether it is necessary. Hearing aids were fit on two groups of 85 older adults seen at a Veterans Administration audiology clinic. One group was fit using RECD measurements, whereas the second group was fit with population-based average RECD values. The two groups had similar pure-tone hearing thresholds. Like previous studies, there was little difference between the measured RECD for the right and left ears among the participants. Although the majority of the measured RECDs were within 1 SD of the mean, approximately 20% of those measured were outside of the normal range. It also was found that all participants produced lower (improved) Hearing Handicap Inventory for Elderly-Screening (HHIE-S) scores from pre- to postfitting, thus suggesting a reduction in self-perceived hearing handicap. Despite having similar prefitting HHIE-S scores, those participants who had their hearing aids fit using measured RECD values had lower postfitting scores than the group that was fit with average RECD values. Furthermore, there was a significant difference between the groups on several questions of the International Outcome Inventory-Hearing Aids, suggesting that there was higher satisfaction with the fittings based on the custom RECD rather than the fittings based on the average RECD. This study demonstrated that, in addition to performing verification using real-ear measurements, accurate conversion of dB HL to dB SPL using personalized RECD likely improved hearing aid satisfaction.

A Survey Study of Hearing Aid Satisfaction, Quality of Life, and Tinnitus of Elderly Hearing Aid Users

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate hearing aid satisfaction, quality of life, and tinnitus of elderly hearing aid users to help hearing aid rehabilitation of the elderly. Methods: A total of 50 elderly hearing aid users (average age 75.7 years) with or without tinnitus participated in this study. We implemented pure tone audiometry and tinnitogram and conducted four questionnaires including Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life (SADL), World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI).Results: Positive correlations were found between SADL and WHOQOL-BREF scores. The average total SADL scores and WHOQOL-BREF scores are 5 points and 3.4 points respectively. There were no significant differences in the average SADL and WHOQOL-BREF scores between the elderly with tinnitus and the elderly without tinnitus. About 90% of the elderly with tinnitus described high frequency tinnitus above 2,000 Hz. Eighty-eight percent of the respondents had an experience of tinnitus therapy and 67% of the elderly with tinnitus therapy experiences reported that tinnitus therapy was not helpful. Ninety-two percent of the respondents stated that wearing hearing aid was helpful to reduce their tinnitus. The emotional and catastrophic subscales of THI were correlated with VAS scores. Conclusion: Positive correlations were found between SADL and WHOQOL-BREF scores regardless of tinnitus presence. Tinnitus of elderly hearing users was not directly related to the quality of life and successful hearing aid intervention could be a key factor in improving the quality of life of the elderly.

Effect of Physician Consultation on Satisfaction With Hearing Aid Use

Hearing loss is one of the most common chronic disabilities in older adults, yet reported rates of users' satisfaction with hearing aids are low. Some believe that physicians can provide patients who are pursuing a hearing aid fitting an impartial opinion that will improve hearing aid satisfaction. To determine whether a physician consultation increased or decreased patients' satisfaction with hearing aids compared with patients undergoing hearing aid fitting with a dispensing audiologist alone. This multicenter, parallel-group, standard regimen-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted in offices of audiologists, family physicians, and a hospital-based neurotologist in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and recruited participants from July 2016 to December 2020 with a 3-month postintervention follow-up. The final data analysis was conducted on March 25, 2022. Adult first-time hearing aid users with averaged sensorineural hearing losses of more than 25 dB were prospectively allocated by random number generation to control and intervention groups. Participants were excluded from analysis if they did not attend follow-up or complete the study questionnaire. Control participants were followed up solely by their dispensing audiologist. The intervention group attended a single structured visit with a physician in addition to their audiologist's determined follow-up. Primary outcome: hearing aid satisfaction 3 months postfitting as measured by the Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life (SADL) questionnaire. Secondary outcome: number of returned hearing aids. Prerecruitment null hypothesis: no intergroup difference in postfitting hearing aid satisfaction. Intergroup difference in mean SADL questionnaire scores analyzed by effect size and the Student t test and proportion of returned hearing aids by the Fischer exact test. A total of 133 participants (mean [SD] age, 70.9 [8.5] years; 64 women [48.1%]) were recruited. Of these, 51 randomized to the control group (mean [SD] age, 71.7 [8.3] years; 28 women [54.9%]) and 42 to the physician intervention (mean [SD] age, 69.9 [7.6] years; 17 women [40.5%]) had results that were analyzed. There was no clinically meaningful intergroup difference in participants' SADL scores (control: mean [SD] score, 5.33 [0.72]; physician consultation: mean [SD] score, 5.35 [0.61]), the mean difference of 0.02 (95% CI, -0.25 to 0.29), or returned hearing aids (control, 1; physician consultation, 0). The results of this randomized clinical trial suggest that a physician consultation that is focused on hearing change does not alter a patient's satisfaction with hearing aids 3 months postfitting. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02842905.

Factors Influencing Hearing Aid Satisfaction in South Korea.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is three-fold: 1) to evaluate factors influencing hearing aid (HA) satisfaction; 2) to provide a profile of HA satisfaction in daily life; and 3) to examine the reasons why people gave up using HAs.Materials and MethodsData for 1148 respondents were statistically analyzed and reported.ResultsIn the study, age (β=-0.03, p<0.01), level of education (β=1.21, p<0.01), HA purchase price (β=1.50, p<0.01), bilateral amplification (β=1.23, p<0.01), wearing time (β=0.28, p<0.01), and HA fitting and fine tuning on a regular basis (β=1.71, p<0.01) significantly influenced HA satisfaction. In addition, the authors observed that the most satisfactory factors were clarity of sound (53.5%), people’s trust in their HA (61.7%), and listening from a quiet environment (72.8%) in the domains of sound quality, HA features, and listening environments, respectively. Finally, with multiple choices being possible, 65% of the 40 respondents who no longer used HAs answered that their HAs ended up in a drawer since the background noise was annoying and distracting.ConclusionThis study is significant in that it is a large-scale multi-center research to comprehensively examine the factors influencing HA satisfaction in South Korea. This data will provide helpful information that could lead to the successful rehabilitation of hearing loss with HAs.

Evaluation of adhesive bone conduction hearing aid in pediatric patients with unilateral congenital aural atresia

Objective: To evaluate the auditory efficacy and subjective satisfaction of adhesive bone conduction hearing aid in children with unilateral congenital aural atresia (UCAA). Methods: Ten subjects (5 males and 5 females) diagnosed with UCAA with an average age of 8.3 years old (ranged from 5 to 15) were included in Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University from January to August 2019. The free sound field hearing threshold, word recognition score in quiet, speech reception threshold in noise and sound localization ability (results were measured by RMS error) tests were performed in unaided and aided situation, respectively. Subjective satisfaction questionnaires were also distributed to subjects. Paired t test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used as statistical analysis methods. Results: The average hearing threshold in aided condition was improved by (21.9±4.4) dB (t=15.8，P<0.05). Speech recognition abilities were generally improved both under quiet and noise (P<0.05);however, when the binaural summation, squelch and head shadow effects were analyzed respectively, the binaural squelch effect was not statistically improved (P>0.05), while the other effects were improved in aided condition (P<0.05). In sound localization test, there was no significant difference of the RMS error value between the unaided and aided situation (P>0.05). The subjects got high satisfaction rates in three subjective questionnaires. Conclusion: The adhesive bone conduction hearing aid can provide significant audiological benefit for children with UCAA as well as raising the quality of their life.

Investigating the Role of Auditory Processing Abilities in Long-Term Self-Reported Hearing Aid Outcomes among Adults Age 60+ Years.

Self-reported hearing aid outcomes among older adults are variable and important to improve. The extent of the role of auditory processing in long-term hearing aid outcomes is not well understood. To determine how auditory processing abilities are related to self-reported hearing aid satisfaction and benefit along with either aided audibility alone or exploratory factors suggested by previous literature. Descriptive analyses and multiple regression analyses of cross-sectional self-reported outcomes. Adult participants, >60 years (n = 78), fitted with bilateral hearing aids to treat symmetric, mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss. Participants were recruited from a single audiology clinic to complete a series of questionnaires, behavioral assessments, and obtain data from their hearing aids, including real ear measures and data logging of hearing aid use. Multiple linear regressions were used to determine the amount of variance explained by predictive factors in self-reported hearing aid satisfaction and benefit. The primary predictive factors included gap detection threshold, spatial advantage score, dichotic difference score, and aided audibility. Exploratory factors included personality, self-efficacy, self-report of disability, and hearing aid use. All interpretations of statistical significance used p < 0.05. Effect sizes were determined using Cohen's f 2 with a medium effect suggesting clinical relevance. Gap detection threshold was a statistically significant predictor in both primary regression models with a medium effect size for satisfaction and a small effect size for benefit. When additional exploratory factors were included in the regression models with auditory processing abilities, gap detection and self-efficacy were both significant predictors of hearing aid satisfaction with medium effect sizes, explaining 10 and 17% of the variance, respectively. There were no medium effect sizes found for other predictor variables in either the primary or exploratory hearing aid benefit models. Additional factors were statistically significant in the models, explaining a small amount of variance, but did not meet the medium effect size criterion. This study provides initial evidence supporting the incorporation of measures of gap detection ability and hearing aid self-efficacy into clinical practice for the interpretation of postfitting long-term hearing aid satisfaction.

Toward an Individual Binaural Loudness Model for Hearing Aid Fitting and Development.

The individual loudness perception of a patient plays an important role in hearing aid satisfaction and use in daily life. Hearing aid fitting and development might benefit from individualized loudness models (ILMs), enabling better adaptation of the processing to individual needs. The central question is whether additional parameters are required for ILMs beyond non-linear cochlear gain loss and linear attenuation common to existing loudness models for the hearing impaired (HI). Here, loudness perception in eight normal hearing (NH) and eight HI listeners was measured in conditions ranging from monaural narrowband to binaural broadband, to systematically assess spectral and binaural loudness summation and their interdependence. A binaural summation stage was devised with empirical monaural loudness judgments serving as input. While NH showed binaural inhibition in line with the literature, binaural summation and its inter-subject variability were increased in HI, indicating the necessity for individualized binaural summation. Toward ILMs, a recent monaural loudness model was extended with the suggested binaural stage, and the number and type of additional parameters required to describe and to predict individual loudness were assessed. In addition to one parameter for the individual amount of binaural summation, a bandwidth-dependent monaural parameter was required to successfully account for individual spectral summation.

Predicting Hearing Aid Satisfaction in Adults: A Systematic Review of Speech-in-noise Tests and Other Behavioral Measures.

Adults with hearing loss report a wide range of hearing aid satisfaction that does not significantly correlate to degree of hearing loss. It is not clear which auditory behavioral factors do contribute to hearing aid satisfaction. While poor speech understanding in noise is known to contribute to dissatisfaction, there are many categories of this type of assessment. The purpose of this systematic review is to answer the question, "Are behavioral pre-fitting measures using speech and nonspeech materials related to hearing aid satisfaction among adults?" Six electronic databases were searched to find peer-reviewed studies published before June 2020. The included studies reported on the relationship between auditory behavioral measures and hearing aid satisfaction alone or globally with other outcome domains among adults with hearing loss. Six types of behavioral prefitting measures were evaluated: speech recognition in quiet (% correct), speech recognition in noise (% correct), reception thresholds for speech-in-noise, speech-based subjective ratings, dichotic speech tests, and tests using nonspeech material. Each relevant study was independently reviewed by two reviewers. Methodological quality was evaluated in each included study using the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's level of evidence ratings. There were 1342 articles identified in the systematic review process. After duplicates were removed and specific inclusion criteria were applied, 21 studies were included. All studies included had a 0 to 4 methodological quality rating indicating weak to moderate internal validity. The tests that showed potential for clinical application due to significant correlations with satisfaction were the QuickSIN, the synthetic sentence identification, the hearing in noise test, and the acceptable noise level test. Audibility, as measured by degree of hearing loss, was not significantly correlated to hearing aid satisfaction in the 13 studies that reported on this measure. Based on this review, results indicated that speech-in-noise tests had the highest associations to hearing aid satisfaction, suggesting a greater role for assessment of speech-in-noise perception in auditory rehabilitation. This is an important finding for clinical practice, given that audibility was not a significant factor in predicting satisfaction. Overall, the results from this review show a need for well-designed, high-quality, prospective studies assessing the predictive value of prefitting measures on hearing aid satisfaction with current hearing aid models.

Long term results and evaluation of device satisfaction in patients used the vibrant sound bridge (VSB)

Background Patients' satisfaction with the device is as important as the audiological gains in patients using these devices. Objective In this study, we aimed to evaluate the hearing aid satisfaction of individuals using The Vibrant Sound Bridge (VSB) (Vibrant Med-El, Innsbruck, Austria) and to compare this result with audiologic results ​​with and without devices. Material and methods Patients who were using VSB were included in the study. Preoperative and postoperative pure tone averages and demographic datas of the patients to be included in the study were recorded. A shortened version of Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) questionnaire, was used to evaluate patients’ device satisfaction. Results Fifteen patients with VSB were included in the study. The mean follow-up was 9.13 years. The preoperative air conduction threshold and the air-bone gap in all frequencies were significantly higher than postoperative values (p < .05). The functional gain was found as 28 dB. In the APHAB questionnaire, there was a significant difference between total score results and EC, BN, RV subscales in the patients using the device (p < .01). Conclusion and significance Patients with VSB give satisfactory results in auditory gains. In particular, good indication and long-term use of the device increases the suitability and satisfaction of the patients.

Test-Retest Reliability of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Audiology Research.

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a methodology involving repeated surveys to collect in situ data that describe respondents' current or recent experiences and related contexts in their natural environments. Audiology literature investigating the test-retest reliability of EMA is scarce. This article examines the test-retest reliability of EMA in measuring the characteristics of listening contexts and listening experiences. An observational study. Fifty-one older adults with hearing loss. The study was part of a larger study that examined the effect of hearing aid technologies. The larger study had four trial conditions and outcome was measured using a smartphone-based EMA system. After completing the four trial conditions, participants repeated one of the conditions to examine the EMA test-retest reliability. The EMA surveys contained questions that assessed listening context characteristics including talker familiarity, talker location, and noise location, as well as listening experiences including speech understanding, listening effort, loudness satisfaction, and hearing aid satisfaction. The data from multiple EMA surveys collected by each participant were aggregated in each of the test and retest conditions. Test-retest correlation on the aggregated data was then calculated for each EMA survey question to determine the reliability of EMA. At the group level, listening context characteristics and listening experience did not change between the test and retest conditions. The test-retest correlation varied across the EMA questions, with the highest being the questions that assessed talker location (median r = 1.0), reverberation (r = 0.89), and speech understanding (r = 0.85), and the lowest being the items that quantified noise location (median r = 0.63), talker familiarity (r = 0.46), listening effort (r = 0.61), loudness satisfaction (r = 0.60), and hearing aid satisfaction (r = 0.61). Several EMA questions yielded appropriate test-retest reliability results. The lower test-retest correlations for some EMA survey questions were likely due to fewer surveys completed by participants and poorly designed questions. Therefore, the present study stresses the importance of using validated questions in EMA. With sufficient numbers of surveys completed by respondents and with appropriately designed survey questions, EMA could have reasonable test-retest reliability in audiology research.