Healthy Young Japanese Research Articles

Range of Motion Measurements of the Hip Joint Are Useful in Screening for Acetabular Dysplasia in Healthy Young Japanese Women.

The purpose of this study is to clarify whether a hip range of motion (ROM) measurement is useful in screening for early hip osteoarthritis with acetabular dysplasia (AD). Subjects were 58 healthy Japanese women volunteers (21.1 ± 0.7 (20 - 22)). We evaluated a total of 116 hip joints in these 58 cases. Sharp angle and centeredge angle were 44.1° ± 3.1° (37.0° - 51.5°) and 30.7°± 6.2° (19.5° - 47.0°), respectively. AD was present in 47.4%, but there were no severe cases. First, we compared the ROM of the hip joints with AD (AD group) and without AD (control group) according to the Mann-Whitney U test. Extension angles and external rotation angles in the AD group were significantly smaller than in the control group (18.9°± 6.1° VS. 22.1°± 4.2°, p= 0.01636, 26.3°± 8.9° VS. 34.1°± 8.8°, p= 0.001362, respectively). Next, we evaluated the following factors associated with AD by logistic regression analysis after adjustment for age: flexion, extension and internal and external rotation angles of the hip joint. As a result, internal rotation and external rotation were extracted as related factors. The area under the ROC curve was determined to have a moderate accuracy (0.72996). Cut off values of internal rotation and external rotation angles were 50 degrees and 35 degrees, respectively. Our findings suggest that ROM measurement of the internal and external rotation angles would be useful as a screening for AD in healthy young Japanese women without symptoms.

Association of Social Networking Sites Use with Actual and Ideal Body Shapes, and Eating Behaviors in Healthy Young Japanese Women.

Recent reports have associated the use of social networking sites (SNS) with the drive for thinness in young women; however, its influence on their actual body shape and eating behaviors (EB) remains unclear. We aimed to examine the effect of SNS use on body mass index (BMI), body image (BI), and EB in young women. Participants included 196 healthy women (20-29 years) who answered questions about their SNS use, height, weight, BI and EB via a web-based survey. First, the correlation between time spent on SNS and each variable was determined. Participants were then divided into quartiles according to the duration of daily SNS use as long (≥3 h, n = 52) and short (<1 h, n = 54), and the data were then compared between the groups. Correlation analysis showed that the longer the duration of daily SNS use, the significantly lower the BMI, the use of nutrition labels, and the frequency of consumption of milk and dairy products. The long group had significantly lower BMI and ideal BI than the short group. The results suggest that spending more time on SNS in young women may be associated with thinner actual and ideal body shapes and poorer access to health information and healthy foods.

Undaria Pinnatifida (Wakame) Moderates Postprandial Glycaemia in Healthy Young Japanese Women

Undaria Pinnatifida (Wakame) Moderates Postprandial Glycaemia in Healthy Young Japanese Women

Variability and Seasonal Change of Urinary Selenium, Molybdenum, and Iodine Excretion in Healthy Young Japanese Adults.

Selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), and iodine (I) are essential trace elements or nutrients and their adequate intake is essential for human health. These elements in foods are easily absorbed from the digestive tract and excreted predominantly into the urine, and their nutritional status is reflected in urinary excretion; however, information on the variability of urinary excretion is limited. To characterize the urinary Se, Mo, and I concentrations and their intra- and inter-individual coefficients of variation (CV), correlation, and seasonal change, spot urine samples were collected from 24 healthy university students, 10 males and 14 females, with the mean age of 20.6years, for 10 consecutive days in each of the four seasons according to a defined schedule of an interval of 3months throughout 1year. The median Se, Mo, and I concentrations for all urine samples (n = 947) were 52.8, 127.0, and 223μg/L, respectively. The Se and Mo intakes were highest in summer and lowest in spring, while the I intake was highest in autumn and lowest in summer. In all three elements, the intra-individual CVs were smaller than their inter-individual CVs. The log-transformed intra- and inter-individual CVs were 10.5 and 14.7% for Se, 12.3 and 15.1% for Mo, and 15.5 and 18.1% for I. There was no gender difference in Se and I concentrations, while Mo and Mo/Cr values in males were higher than those in females. Our results suggest adequate nutritional status of Se, Mo, and I with a relatively smaller variability of dietary intake except for I in this population.

Effect of Beta 2-Adrenergic Receptor Gly16Arg Polymorphism on Taste Preferences in Healthy Young Japanese Adults.

The Gly16Arg polymorphism results in a G to C nucleotide mutation in the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene and has a relationship with obesity; however, this substitution’s effects on food preferences are unclear. Therefore, we determined this relationship among healthy young adults (mean age, 23.4; n = 52). To evaluate food preferences, four categories of food (sweet, salty, sour, and bitter) along with high-fat foods were evaluated using a self-reporting questionnaire. Male (n = 26) and female subjects (n = 26) were genotyped for the polymorphism and further divided into three groups (two homozygous groups, GG, CC; and a heterozygous group, GC). Preference for sour foods in the GG group was higher compared with that in the CC group in females (p < 0.05). When sweet foods were classified into low- and high-fat subgroups, preference for high-fat sweet foods in the GG group was higher than that for low-fat sweet foods in all subjects (p < 0.05). The degree of preference for high-fat foods in the GG group was higher than other groups for males (p < 0.05). These results suggest that ADRB2 polymorphism is associated with food preference. Understanding the relationship of ADRB2 substitution to food preference will be valuable for designing individualized anti-obesity strategies.

Association Between Insulin Resistance and Cardinal Rheological Parameters in Young Healthy Japanese Individuals During 75g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test.

Insulin resistance is a well-known predictor and risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Higher hematocrit induced by higher insulin resistance affects blood rheology. This study intended to reveal the association between indices of insulin resistance and hemorheological parameters during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (75-g OGTT). A total of 575 healthy young Japanese participants took 75-g OGTT. We then analyzed the association between insulin resistance indices and hematological parameters. The Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was significantly correlated with hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), platelet count, lipid parameters and body mass index (BMI). The Matsuda index was negatively correlated with RBC count, WBC count, platelet count, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (HDL-C). The disposition index was negatively correlated with Hb, RBC count, LDL-C and BMI, and positively correlated with HDL-C. The Homeostasis Model Assessment of beta cell (HOMA-β) was positively correlated with WBC count, platelet count, TC, LDL-C and TG. The insulinogenic index was positively correlated with WBC count, platelet count and TC. Multiple regression analysis revealed that HOMA-IR was independently associated with TG, and the Matsuda index was independently associated with TG, WBC count, and platelet count. The insulinogenic index was independently associated with WBC count. Cardinal rheological parameters reflected insulin resistance and release even in young healthy Japanese individuals within the physiological range of glycemic control.

Corneal endothelial cell density and morphology in ophthalmologically healthy young individuals in Japan: An observational study of 16842 eyes

We aimed to investigate the cell density and morphology of the corneal endothelium in ophthalmologically healthy young Japanese, given the lack of normative data in literature. This observational study included eyes without ophthalmologic diseases, besides refractive errors, examined between 1996 and 2015 at Miyata Eye Hospital. Eyes with a history of ophthalmologic diseases or contact lens usage were excluded. Correlation of corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (CV), appearance rate of hexagonal cells (6A), and cell area with age were examined. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of corneal parameters. We included 16842 eyes of 8421 individuals (19.6 ± 8.7 years). ECD was 3109.0 ± 303.7 cells/mm2 and significantly reduced with age (p < 0.001). The ECD reduction rate was 0.42%/year in the total population. On multivariate analysis, age and sex were significantly correlated with ECD, CV, 6A, and cell area (all p < 0.001). ECD, 6A, CV, and cell area are significantly associated with age in healthy young Japanese individuals. Monitoring their corneal endothelium is essential to assess the risk of endothelial damage.

The Effects of an Artificial Garden on Heart Rate Variability among Healthy Young Japanese Adults.

Spending time in nature might positively influence mental health by inducing a relaxed state. Recently, gardens have been created on hospital rooftops in Japan to help inpatients recover from various physical and mental aliments. However, there is little evidence regarding any positive physiological effects of artificial gardens designed for health. The purpose of this study was to assess the psychological and cardiovascular responses incited by artificial natural environments. Japanese university students (n = 38) participated in a one-group pretest post-test experiment conducted at the Yamaguchi Flower Expo in Japan in October 2018, designed to assess whether exposure to four environments (forest, flowers, ocean, and artificial garden for health) influenced heart rate variability measures. After pretesting to determine baseline measurements, participants completed a circuit through the four natural environments. Following circuit completion, post-testing determined that the low frequency/high frequency ratio was significantly lower in the overall sample and the four areas had similar influences on heart rate variability. Findings suggest that exposure to nature by walking through natural areas and in rooftop artificial gardens might enhance the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Copy Number Variation of the Salivary Amylase Gene and Glucose Metabolism in Healthy Young Japanese Women.

BackgroundMany studies have shown that low copy number variation (CNV) of the salivary amylase gene (AMY1) and low serum amylase concentration are associated with impaired glucose metabolism and obesity. We aimed to clarify the conflicting results of previous studies by examining AMY1 expression and metabolic indices in a homogenous group of healthy participants.MethodsSixty healthy non-obese young Japanese women aged 20 - 39 years were examined for AMY1 CNV, salivary amylase, body mass index (BMI) and serum parameters including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), ketones, and total, salivary and pancreatic amylase. Respiratory quotient at rest and changes in blood glucose after starch loading were also examined.ResultsAMY1 CNV (range, 4 - 14) and the level of serum salivary amylase were correlated inversely with HbA1c (r = -0.36, P = 0.003 and r = -0.30, P = 0.02, respectively), whereas the percentage of serum salivary amylase in total serum amylase was positively correlated with blood glucose at 30 and 45 min after starch loading (r = 0.38, P = 0.004 and r = 0.27, P = 0.04, respectively). The level of serum total amylase, but not AMY1 CNV, was correlated inversely with BMI (r = -0.29, P = 0.02). Logistic regression analysis showed that low AMY1 CNV (4 - 7) was significantly associated with an HbA1c of ≥ 5.4% (34 mmol/mol) even after adjustment for age, BMI and energy consumption, compared with high AMY1 CNV (8 - 14).ConclusionsAlthough a higher percentage of serum salivary amylase was associated with higher levels of blood glucose at the early stage after starch loading, low AMY1 CNV was associated with chronic unfavorable glucose metabolism in healthy non-obese young women in Japan.

Association between Beta3-Adrenergic Receptor Trp64Arg Polymorphism and Fat Preference in Healthy Young Japanese Women.

Beta3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) is a mediator of catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis in humans. The Trp64Arg polymorphism with T/C transition in the ADRB3 gene has been considered to reduce lipolysis and metabolic expenditure. Here, we investigated the hitherto unknown role of the Trp64Arg substitution on food preference among healthy young adults (mean age, 24.3; n = 53, including 25 men). Preference toward four food types (bitter, sour, salty, or sweet) and greasy (high-fat) foods was examined using a self-reported questionnaire. There was no noticeable sex-difference in food preference. Incidentally, only among female subjects, the genotype frequencies of the Trp64Arg polymorphism were in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Consequently, female subjects were divided into two groups for further analyses: 18 subjects with TT genotype (Trp64Trp) (wild-type group) and 10 subjects with TC genotype (Trp64Arg) (heterozygous group). No significant difference was observed in preference for four food types between the groups. However, when sweet foods were divided into high-fat and low-fat subgroups, food preference for high-fat sweet foods in heterozygous group was significantly higher than that in wild-type group. Moreover, when subjects were divided into two classes based on preference for greasy foods (like, n = 16 or dislike, n = 12), the preference degree in heterozygous group who liked high-fat foods (n = 5) was significantly higher than that in wild-type group (n = 11), suggesting that the Trp64Arg substitution might genetically enhance high-fat food preference. Thus, understanding the relationship between ADRB3 Trp64Arg substitution and fat preference will be valuable for obesity prevention.

Four Plasma Glucose and Insulin Responses to a 75 g OGTT in Healthy Young Japanese Women.

The incidence of diabetes has been gradually increasing, not only in middle-aged individuals but also in young individuals. However, insulin and glucose patterns have not been investigated in apparently healthy young individuals, as they are typically grouped as controls. In this study, we investigated and classified glucose and insulin patterns in healthy young women. Sixty-two nonobese women without metabolic disease were recruited. The subjects underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), physical measurements, and a biochemical examination. Two subjects displayed impaired glucose tolerance. The 62 subjects were categorized into four patterns by plasma glucose and insulin peak time during OGTT: normal type (n = 39), insulin-late type (n = 11), insulin- and glucose-late type (n = 7), and insulin-very late type (n = 5). OGTT glucose and insulin levels at all time points, insulinogenic index, HOMA-IR, and glucose area under the curve (AUC) significantly differed among the four groups. However, insulin AUC did not significantly differ. We did not detect significant differences in body condition or biochemical measurements. Our study demonstrated that some healthy young individuals might have delayed insulin secretion by OGTT. Early detection of altered glucose metabolism might be helpful to improve lifestyle choices and prevent progression to diabetes.

Risk Factors for Helicobacter pylori Infection and Endoscopic Reflux Esophagitis in Healthy Young Japanese Volunteers.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of reflux esophagitis and Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection and their interrelationship in healthy young Japanese volunteers. Methods Between 2010 and 2016, 550 fifth-year medical students at Saga Medical School, aged 22 to 30 years, underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and completed a questionnaire (frequency scale for symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease). H. pylori infection was determined by detecting urinary immunoglobulin G antibodies. Results H. pylori antibodies were detected in 45 of the 550 subjects (8.2%). Endoscopic reflux esophagitis was detected in 38 out of 550 (6.9%): grade A in 37 subjects (97.3%) and grade B in 1. Most subjects with reflux esophagitis were H. pylori-negative (35/37). Nodular gastritis was observed in 33.3% (15/45) of H. pylori-positive subjects. The risk factors for H. pylori infection were drinking well water in childhood, nodular gastritis, and duodenal ulcer scars. The risk factors for endoscopic reflux esophagitis were male gender and obesity (body mass index ≥25). Conclusion This study describes the risk factors for H. pylori infection and reflux esophagitis in healthy young Japanese subjects. The prevalence of reflux esophagitis was relatively high, and the infection rate of H. pylori was low compared with the aged Japanese population.

Detection of antibiotic resistance genes in the feces of young adult Japanese.

Antibiotic resistance genes in the feces of healthy young adult Japanese were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction using specific primers. Antibiotic resistance genes against macrolides (ermB, ermF, ermX, and mefA/E), tetracyclines (tetW, tetQ, tetO, and tetX), β-lactam antibiotics (blaTEM), and streptomycin (aadE) were detected in more than 50% of subjects. These antibiotic resistance genes are likely widespread in the large intestinal bacteria of young adult Japanese.

Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms Are More Frequent in Female than Male Young Healthy Japanese Volunteers as Evaluated by Questionnaire.

Background/AimsUpper gastrointestinal symptoms are more frequent and severe in female than in male outpatients in Japan. This study compared the upper gastrointestinal symptoms between healthy male and female young adult volunteers using a questionnaire.MethodsIn total, 581 third-grade medical students at Saga Medical School aged 22 to 30 years underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and completed a questionnaire (frequency scale for symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease) from 2007 to 2013. Of these 581 students, 298 who were negative for Helicobacter pylori infection and had no particular lesions on endoscopic examination were enrolled in the present evaluation. A symptom was defined as positive when the subject evaluated the frequency of the symptom as sometimes, often, or always.ResultsThe subjects comprised of 163 males (average age, 23.7 years) and 135 females (average age, 23.1 years). Upper gastrointestinal symptoms were more frequent in the females (75 of 135, 55.6%) than males (69 of 163, 42.3%; P < 0.05), with a high score for 4 symptoms (bloated stomach, heavy feeling in the stomach after meals, subconscious rubbing of the chest with the hand, and feeling of fullness while eating meals). Of the 144 subjects (69 males and 75 females) who complained of these symptoms, the females complained of dysmotility symptoms more often than did the males, but this was not true for reflux symptoms.ConclusionsThis study suggests that females develop upper gastrointestinal symptoms more frequently than do males among the young healthy Japanese population.

The Ingestion of High-Fructose Syrup-Containing Cola with a Hamburger Delays Postprandial Lipid Metabolism in Young Healthy Japanese Women

Aim: To investigate the acute effects of the ingestion of high-fructose syrup (HFS)-containing cola in combination with a hamburger on postprandial lipid metabolism. Methods: Twelve young healthy women with apolipoprotein E phenotype 3/3 were enrolled in the study. Each subject underwent 3 test trials in a randomized crossover design. The trials were as follows: C trial, cola (350 mL, containing HFS); H trial, 1 hamburger; CH trial, cola + hamburger. Venous blood samples were collected at fasting levels and at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after ingestion. Results: The serum concentrations of triglyceride (TG), remnant-like particle (RLP)-TG, and apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB48) peaked at 2 h in the H trial and at 4 h in the CH trial. Compared with each fasting level, the serum TG concentration in the H trial was significantly increased at 1, 2, and 4 h, and it returned to the fasting level at 6 h. However, compared with each fasting level, the TG concentration in the CH trial was significantly increased at 4 and 6 h, and it did not return to the fasting level at 6 h. The serum apoB48 concentration peaked at 2 h in the H trial and at 4 h in the CH trial. The apoB48 concentration at 4 and 6 h and the incremental area under the curve for apoB48 in the CH trial tended to be higher than those in the H trial. Conclusion: The ingestion of cola in combination with a hamburger delayed and extended postprandial lipidemia in comparison with the ingestion of a hamburger only, suggesting that fructose contained in the cola exacerbates postprandial lipid metabolism.

Mo1120 Relatively High Prevalence of Endoscopic Reflux Esophagitis in Young Healthy Japanese Volunteers

Background/Aims Prevalence of reflux esophagitis have increased in Western and Eastern countries. The prevalence and disease-characteristics of endoscopic esophagitis in young Japanese individuals are not fully demonstrated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of reflux esophagitis and Helicobacter pylori infection and their relationship in young healthy Japanese volunteers. Methods Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed in 550 young healthy Japanese medical school students,age 21 to 36 years, mean 23.4 years,between 2008 and 2013. Helicobacter pylori infectionwas determined by detecting urinary IgG antibodies. Upper gastric clinical symptoms were monitored with questionnaires of FSSG scales. Results Helicobacter pylori antibodies were detected in 50 of the 550 subjects (9.09%) with endoscopic chronic gastritis without peptic ulcers. Endoscopic reflux esophagitis was detected in 55 out of the 550 subjects (10%), including grade A in 48 subjects (8.7%), grade B in 6 (1.09%) and grade C in 1 (0.18%). Only 5 subject with reflux esophagitis was Helicobacter pylori-positive, and the other 50 subjects with esophagitis were Helicobacter pylori-negative. Infection rate of Helicobacter pylori decreased around 40% during the last 6 years in a time dependent manner, although relatively high prevalence of reflux esophagitis of 10% was not changed during the last 6 year. Several factors were related to the prevalence of reflux esophagitis and most critical risk factors were lifestyles including alcohol consumption and increase in body weight. Clinical symptoms of heartburn were more common and FSSG scales were high in subjects with reflux esophagitis. FSSG scales were not different in subjects with or without Helicobacter pylori infection. Conclusion This study indicated relatively high prevalence (10%) of endoscopic reflux esophagitis in young Japanese adults around 23 years old, and risk factors for esophagitis were alcohol drinking and obesity.

Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Progressive Loss of Lean Tissue in Older Japanese Adults: Longitudinal Data from the Nakanojo Study

To relate 5-year lean tissue loss to habitual physical activity of elderly adults. Longitudinal. Community of Nakanojo. Community-living Japanese aged 65 to 84 (200 men, 268 women). Daily 24-hour pedometer/accelerometer data, collected continuously for 5 years, were categorized into activity quartiles. Bioelectrical impedance measurements of lean body mass were taken annually. A sarcopenia threshold was defined arbitrarily as an appendicular lean mass/height(2) of more than 1 standard deviation below the mean for healthy young Japanese. Subjects with greater habitual physical activity retained a greater lean mass over the 5 years of observation. Controlling for baseline lean mass and age, final lean mass was greater for the third activity quartile (men and women with respective mean counts of 7,800 and 7,700 steps per day or mean duration of exercise at >3 metabolic equivalents (METs) of 20 and 17 minutes per day) than for the first and second quartiles. A multivariate-adjusted proportional hazards model predicted that, over the 5 years, men and women in the two lowest activity quartiles (<6,700 and <6,800 steps per day) were 2.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4-4.5) and 3.0 (95% CI = 1.9-3.4) times as likely, respectively, to be sarcopenic as those in the highest activity quartile (>9,000 and >8,400 steps per day). Likewise, men and women with less than 16 and less than 14 minutes per day, respectively, of activity of more than 3 METs were 3.0 (95% CI = 2.0-6.0) and 3.5 (95% CI = 2.1-6.3) times as likely to develop sarcopenia as those with more than 28 and more than 22 minutes per day. After adjustment for potential confounders, the risk of developing sarcopenia was substantially lower in elderly people taking at least 7,000 to 8,000 steps per day or exercising for at least 15 to 20 minutes per day at an intensity greater than 3 METs. Clinicians should encourage seniors to get at least this volume of regular daily exercise.

Supplementation with 1% EnergyTransFatty Acids Had Little Effect on Serum Cholesterol Levels in Healthy Young Japanese Women

The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended that trans fatty acid (TFA) intake should be less than 1% of total energy intake, but few data are available as to the influence of energy TFA intake of as low as 1% on blood cholesterol levels. A randomized, double-blind, parallel trial was conducted to assess the effects of 1% TFA dietary supplementation on serum cholesterol levels in healthy young women. Sixty-five volunteers consumed cookies containing 1% (TFA) or 0.04% (control) energy of TFA for 4 weeks and blood was harvested after overnight fasting. There were no significant differences in serum LDL- or HDL-cholesterol levels between the two groups. The hemoglobin A1c level was not influenced by dietary TFA. These results suggest that energy of TFAs at less than 1% has little effect on serum cholesterol or hemoglobin A1c levels in healthy young women. This confirms the correctness of the WHO recommendation.

Endoscopic Reflux Esophagitis and Helicobacter pylori Infection in Young Healthy Japanese Volunteers

Background/Aims: The prevalence of endoscopic esophagitis in young Japanese individuals is not fully apparent. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of reflux esophagitis (RE) and Helicobacter pylori infection and their relationship in young healthy Japanese volunteers. Methods: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed in 242 young healthy Japanese medical students (age range 22–29 years, mean 23.2 years) at Saga Medical School between 2008 and 2010. H. pylori infection was determined by detecting urinary IgG antibodies to H. pylori. Results:H. pylori antibodies were detected in 30 of the 242 subjects (12.4%). All 30 subjects had endoscopic chronic gastritis without peptic ulcers. Endoscopic RE was present in 27 of the 242 subjects (11.2%), corresponding to grade A in 19 subjects (7.9%), grade B in 7 (2.9%) and grade C in 1 (0.4%). Only 1 subject with RE was H. pylori-positive; the other 26 subjects with esophagitis were H. pylori-negative. We found no risk factors for H. pylori infection, but a risk factor for endoscopic esophagitis was alcohol consumption. Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori infection and endoscopic RE was 12.4 and 11.2%, respectively, in young healthy Japanese volunteers. Alcohol consumption was a risk factor for RE.

Effect of a 0.6% EnergytransFatty Acid Intake on Serum Cholesterol Concentrations in Healthy Young Japanese Subjects

A randomized crossover study in healthy young Japanese showed no significant effects of a 0.6% energy trans fatty acid (TFA) intake on the serum cholesterol concentrations and parameters of glucose metabolism. The results indicate that TFAs at this dietary level may have no adverse metabolic effects on healthy young Japanese.