Healthy Status Research Articles

Association of obesity and metabolic health status with cerebral small vessel disease in stroke-free individuals

Abstract Background It remains unclear whether obesity itself or metabolic abnormalities coexisting with obesity, are associated with stroke. Purpose We aimed to investigate the association of obesity and metabolic health status with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) in stroke-free participants from a brain health check-up. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 6088 stroke-free participants who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging at a brain check-up between 2013 and 2020. Participants were categorised according to sex-specific waist circumference and metabolic health status. A metabolically healthy status was defined as the absence of components of metabolic syndrome other than a large waist circumference, such as high blood pressure, hyperglycaemia, and dyslipidaemia. The total SVD score was derived from four magnetic resonance imaging markers: silent lacunar infarcts, cerebral microbleeds, moderate-to-severe white matter hyperintensities, and enlarged perivascular spaces. Results The mean age of the participants was 55±12 years and 46% were women. The prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity was 650 (11%) and the proportion of metabolically healthy obesity among individuals with obesity was 24%. The prevalence of metabolically unhealthy obesity was 2043 (34%), and the proportion of metabolically unhealthy obesity among individuals with metabolically unhealthy individuals was 58%. The prevalence of moderate-to-severe SVD scores (≥2) was 348 (6%), which was higher in metabolically unhealthy individuals, regardless of obesity status. Compared with the metabolically healthy non-obesity group, the metabolically unhealthy non-obesity (odds ratio 2.22 [95% CI, 1.44–3.42]) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (odds ratio, 2.76 [95% CI, 1.80–4.24]) groups had a significantly higher multivariable-adjusted risk for a total SVD score of ≥2. Further sensitivity analyses using BMI-defined obesity instead of waist circumference-defined obesity yielded similar results. Conclusions Abdominal and general obesity alone are not associated with higher total SVD scores in stroke-free individuals. Unhealthy metabolic components, especially high blood pressure and hyperglycaemia, are important risk factors for SVD.

Folates, bacteria and ageing: insights from the model organism C. elegans in the study of nutrition and ageing.

The relationship between nutrition and ageing is complex. The metabolism and synthesis of micronutrients within the gut microbiome can influence human health but is challenging to study. Furthermore, studying ageing in humans is time-consuming and difficult to control for environmental factors. Studies in model organisms can guide research efforts in this area. This review describes how the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can be used to study how bacteria and diet influence ageing and inform follow-on studies in humans. It is known that certain bacteria accelerate ageing in C. elegans. This age-accelerating effect is prevented by inhibiting folate synthesis within the bacteria, and we propose that in the human microbiome, certain bacteria also accelerate ageing in a way that can be modulated by interfering with bacterial folate synthesis. Bacterial-derived folates do not promote ageing themselves; rather, ageing is accelerated by bacteria in some way, either through secondary metabolites or other bacterial activity, which is dependent on bacterial folate synthesis. In humans, it may be possible to inhibit bacterial folate synthesis in the human gut while maintaining healthy folate status in the body via food and supplementation. The supplement form of folic acid has a common breakdown product that can be used by bacteria to increase folate synthesis. Thus, supplementation with folic acid may not be good for health in certain circumstances such as in older people or those with an excess of proteobacteria in their microbiome. For these groups, alternative supplement strategies may be a safer way to ensure adequate folate levels.

Analisis Pengukuran Tingkat Kesehatan Bank Menggunakan Metode Camels dan RGEC pada Bank Konvesional yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode Tahun 2019-2023

A bank is an institution that collects public funds in the form of savings. This study aims to analyze the health levels of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) from 2019 to 2023 using the Camels and Rgec methods. This research utilized a quantitative descriptive approach. The research population consisted of state-owned banks listed on the BEI, with a sample size of 4 companies: BNI, BRI, BTN, and Mandiri. Data collection techniques involved documentary methods using secondary data, specifically the financial reports of state-owned banks available on the BEI or respective bank websites. The research findings indicate that for Bank BNI, the Camels score indicates a healthy status with a score of (90.84), while the Rgec score indicates a very healthy status with a score of (90.66). For Bank BRI, the Camels score suggests a fairly healthy status with a score of (71.65), and the Rgec score indicates a very healthy status with a score of (86.67). Bank BTN shows a less healthy status with a Camels score of (60.89), but a healthy status with an Rgec score of (76.67). Bank Mandiri exhibits a less healthy status with a Camels score of (62.02), while the Rgec score indicates a very healthy status with a score of (87.33).

A novel fluorescent sensor for evaluating pH changes in organophosphorus pesticides-treated cells and C. elegans

pH plays an important role in the evaluation of the healthy status in versatile circumstances. The fluctuation of pH could be affected by complex internal and external stimuli. Especially, the abnormal pH changes is a common characteristic of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs)-caused damage owing to the irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Therefore, the rapid and efficient detection of pH changes is of great significance for predicting the OPs poisoning in living system. However, quick and convenient detecting pH levels in living cells is still limited by the lack of effective chemical tools. Here, a novel fluorescent probe TH-1 based on ESIPT mechanism was synthesized, showing specific fluorescent effects in different pH solutions. Importantly, the AChE catalyzed the hydrolysis product of acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCh) and changed the pH of solution, which influence its fluorescent intensity. Moreover, the probe TH-1 was applied to detecting the pH levels in living cells and C. elegans, providing an efficient chemical sensor for revealing the potential mechanisms of OPs in physiological and pathological processes.

Relationship between Officer Knowledge and Resources with Healthy Family Index Achievement in Konawe Islands Regency

Introduction: Based on the initial data collection, the factors that are obstacles or problems so that the Family Health Index in Konawe Islands Regency has not increased or has not become a healthy status, these factors include knowledge, resources, financing/funding, policies, facilities and infrastructure and so on. For this reason, researchers are interested in conducting research on "The Relationship between Knowledge and Resources of Officers and the Achievement of the Healthy Family Index in Konawe Islands Regency". Method: This type of research is quantitative research with a Cross Sectional Study approach, which was conducted at 8 Health Centers in Konawe Islands Regency. The population was 163 officers and the sample was 100 samples with Simple Random Sampling determination, descriptive and inferential data analysis. Result: The results of the Fisher's Exact Test statistical test at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05) show that the Fisher's Exact Test p = 0.001 < 0.05 value of X2table = 3.841 and the results of the chi square statistical test of officer resources at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05) show that the X2count value = 14.710 > X2table value = 3.841, Conclusion: There is a weak relationship between the knowledge and resources of officers with the healthy family index in Konawe Islands Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province.

The Effects of the LiiNK Intervention on Physical Activity and Obesity Rates among Children

Background: Obesity and inactivity among children are at an all-time high and have been steadily increasing in prevalence over the last thirty years. The school environment provides the ideal setting for reaching a large number of children across diverse populations in order to reverse these trends. However, there are many inconsistent results yielded by school-based physical activity interventions due to implementation length, time for activities, and the use of structured physical activities. The LiiNK Project® is a whole-child intervention addressing these gaps by providing children 45–60 min of recess (unstructured, outdoor play) in their schools daily, while the control children are allowed to engage in recess for 30 min daily. The purpose of this study was to compare the physical activity intensity and obesity rates of third- and fourth-grade children participating in the LiiNK intervention, which provides 60 min of recess for third graders and 45 min for fourth graders, to those in a control group allowed 30 min of daily recess. Methods: The children were 8–10 years old (M = 9.2; 52% females and 48% males). The intervention children comprised 90 third graders and 100 fourth graders, and the control children comprised 101 third graders and 92 fourth graders. Physical activity levels were monitored using accelerometers to assess sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Obesity rates were evaluated using bio-electrical impedance analysis (BIA), in which body fat percentage is calculated based on normative values using age and sex in the equation. Results: The third-grade intervention children engaged in 13 more MVPA minutes and took 900 more steps daily than their control counterparts, and also presented a greater proportion of overweight children transitioning to a healthy weight status from the fall to the spring semester. Conversely, the fourth-grade control children increased their activity by 500 steps and 15 more MVPA minutes daily. Despite this, the intervention children overall demonstrated a reduction in body fat percentage, while the control children demonstrated an increase in body fat percentage. Conclusions: Ultimately, 60 min of unstructured, outdoor play in schools provides children the best opportunity to engage in MVPA, which may positively impact body fat percentages, offering a potential strategy for combatting childhood obesity in school settings.

Whether the summer fishing moratorium can improve the status of fisheries resources in the yellow sea and Bohai Sea

The China government has introduced many strategies in fisheries management of the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, the most stringent of which is the summer fishing moratorium. Whether the summer fishing moratorium can restore fishery resources has always been a concern. In this study, we selected eight representative commercial fish species the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, including Pampus argenteus, Trichiurus lepturus, Scomberomorus niphonius, Ilisha elongata, Thamnaconus modestus, Scomber japonicus, Engraulis japonicus and Larimichthys polyactis, and used the JABBA method to study their historical exploited dynamics and current stock status. We evaluated the effectiveness of the summer fishing moratorium based on the increments of biomass and catch after its implementation and adjustments. P. argenteus and S. niphonius stocks were in the healthy status in 2022, the other six fisheries stocks were overexploited. The summer fishing moratorium had a strong conservation effect, especially after the first implementation in 1995, with the biomass of six fish species increased and the catch of seven species increased, and the total average biomass and catch increments were 21.22 % and 89.72 %. This positive effect was also reflected after the first adjustment in 2003. Although the moratorium duration was continuously extended after the second and third adjustment, the conservation effect was offset by the flooding of fishing efforts immediately after the moratorium. For the six overexploited stocks, we suggest that the allowable catch of E. japonicus, T. lepturus, L. polyactis, S. japonicus, I. elongata and T. modestus is at most 527.91 kt, 147.51 kt, 93.43 kt, 81.51 kt, 1.25 kt and 4.95 kt in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, respectively.

Essential genes for Haemophilus parainfluenzae survival and biofilm growth.

Haemophilus parainfluenzae (Hp) is a Gram-negative, highly prevalent, and abundant commensal in the human oral cavity, and an infrequent extraoral opportunistic pathogen. Hp occupies multiple niches in the oral cavity, including the supragingival plaque biofilm. Little is known about how Hp interacts with its neighbors in healthy biofilms nor its mechanisms of pathogenesis as an opportunistic pathogen. To address this, we identified the essential genome and conditionally essential genes in in vitro biofilms aerobically and anaerobically. Using transposon insertion sequencing (TnSeq) with a highly saturated mariner transposon library in two strains, the ATCC33392 type-strain (Hp 392) and oral isolate EL1 (Hp EL1), we show that the essential genomes of Hp 392 and Hp EL1 are composed of 395 (20%) and 384 (19%) genes, respectively. The core essential genome, consisting of 341 (17%) essential genes conserved between both strains, was composed of genes associated with genetic information processing, carbohydrate, protein, and energy metabolism. We also identified conditionally essential genes for aerobic and anaerobic biofilm growth, which were associated with carbohydrate and energy metabolism in both strains. RNAseq analysis determined that most genes upregulated during anaerobic growth are not essential for Hp 392 anaerobic survival. The completion of this library and analysis under these conditions gives us a foundational insight into the basic biology of H. parainfluenzae in differing oxygen conditions, similar to its in vivo habitat. This library presents a valuable tool for investigation into conditionally essential genes for an organism that lives in close contact with many microbial species in the human oral habitat.IMPORTANCEHaemophilus parainfluenzae is a highly abundant human commensal microbe, present in most healthy individuals where it colonizes the mouth. H. parainfluenzae correlates with good oral health and may play a role in preservation of healthy host status. Also, H. parainfluenzae can cause opportunistic infections outside of the oral cavity. To date, little is known about how H. parainfluenzae colonizes the human host, despite being such a frequent and abundant part of our human microbiome. Here, we demonstrate the creation and use of a powerful tool, a TnSeq library, used to identify genes necessary for both the outright growth of this organism and also genes conditionally essential for growth in varying oxygen status which it can encounter in the human host. This tool and these data serve as a foundation for further study of this relatively unknown organism that may play a role in preserving human health.

An Assessment of Hepato-protective Activity of Hygrophila auriculata Root Extract against Hepatic Injured Rodent Model

Liver is a crucial organ that is susceptible to several hepatotoxins causing hepato-toxicities. These days, medicinal plants have been considered to be more promising compared with the conventionally utilized medications for hepatic treatments. In light of the dire circumstances affecting worldwide currently, Hygrophila auriculata is a vital plant with an abundance of health advantages and hepatoprotective properties. In this experiment, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was utilized to cause hepatotoxicity in rats and this plant's anti-hepatotoxic activity was evaluated through assessing the outcomes of several parameters (Liver functioning tests, kidney functioning tests and lipid profiles). Subsequent research revealed that the plant may, to varying degrees and in a dependent way, successfully restore the disrupted pathological state to healthy status. To interpret statistical analysis, the "One-way Anova test" was conducted using the SPSS 16 software. In the case of SGPT, the medium and high dose produced statistically significant (p<0.05) outcomes as compared to the negative control group and for SGOT decrease in all three groups were non-significant (p>0.05). Then for creatinine levels, the outcome for medium, and high dosages were statistically significant (p<0.05) whereas in case of urea level only the high dose imparted significant (p<0.05) decrease. However, none of the dosages for total cholesterol and triglyceride level produced statistically significant (p<0.05) effects. Only in the medium and high doses, HDL levels improved statistically significantly (p<0.05) whereas only the high dosages reduced reduce the LDL quantity in the blood significantly (p<0.05). As a result, Hygrophila auriculata is thought to possess a significant capacity for liver protection and may serve as a more secure and effective substitute for the commercially available synthetic medication, silymarin. To sum up, additional research is required in the future before this appealing plant could get utilized in the arena of hepatotoxic treatments.

Phenotypic age mediates effects of Life's Essential 8 on reduced mortality risk in US adults.

This study aimed to find out whether phenotypic age could mediate the protective effects of a healthy lifestyle on mortality. We included adult participants with available data for individual phenotypic age (PhenoAge) and Life's Essential 8 (LE8) scores from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2010 (three cycles) and linked mortality records until 31 December 2019. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were estimated to evaluate the associations of PhenoAge and LE8 scores with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk. Mediation analyses were performed to estimate the proportional contribution of PhenoAge to the effect of LE8 on mortality risks. A 1-year increment in PhenoAge was associated with a higher risk of all-cause (HR=1.04 [95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.05]) and cardiovascular (HR=1.04 [95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.05]) mortality, independent of chronological age, demographic characteristics, and disease history. High level of LE8 (score: 80-100) was associated with a 3.30-year younger PhenoAge. PhenoAge was estimated to mediate 36 and 22% of the effect of LE8 on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively (all P<0.001). As for single-metric scores of LE8, PhenoAge mediated 30%, 11%, 9%, and 7% of the effects of the healthy diet, smoking status, blood pressure, and physical activity on all-cause mortality risk, respectively (all P<0.05). Adherence to LE8 recommendations slows phenotypic aging. PhenoAge could mediate the effect of LE8 on mortality risk.

Rural-urban Migration and Overweight Status in Low- and Middle-income Countries: Evidence from Longitudinal Data in Indonesia

With rapid urbanization and intensive rural-urban migration, being overweight has become an increasingly common source of health risks in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, the impact of rural-urban migration on overweight status is understudied in the LMIC context. Previous studies primarily used cross-sectional data, failing to adjust for migration health selection. Furthermore, the potential gender pattern in the impact of rural-urban migration remained unclear, and the potential cumulative effect of the duration of urban residence among migrants was rarely examined with longitudinal data. Meanwhile, the mediating effects of health behavioral factors were poorly understood. Using data from the fourth and fifth waves of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) and employing fixed-effects (FE) models (N=7267), this study provided new evidence on the impact of rural-urban migration on overweight status across time and gender. Findings suggest that rural-urban migration significantly and positively predicted being overweight, and the association was significantly stronger among women than men. The results also show that years lived in urban areas did not significantly predict overweight among migrants, and that mediating health-related behaviors did little to explain adverse weight outcomes of migrants. As the number of rural-urban migrants continues growing, LMIC governments should implement health interventions aiming for healthy weight status among migrant communities. Meanwhile, gender-specific programs targeting women should be considered. Future research should explore other potential mediators of the link between rural-urban migration and overweight.

Healthy Status in the Gymnastic Community in West Bandulan, Sukun, Malang

Obesity is a risk factor for various degenerative diseases such as diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. Obesity and all degenerative diseases could be prevented by implementing a healthy lifestyle, early detection of risk factors for degenerative diseases, and increasing knowledge about degenerative diseases. Therefore, this service activity aimed to form a healthy community with a program for three consecutive months. Activities included healthy exercise once a week, degenerative disease risk factors screening, and health education. Activities were carried out every Sunday morning for three months located in Bandulan Barat, Sukun District, Malang City. This activity was attended by 40 non-menopausal women. Health screening included waist circumference, random blood glucose, uric acid, cholesterol, and blood pressure. Of the 40 women examined, 39 suffered from central obesity, 6 suffered from hypertension, 4 suspected diabetes mellitus, 5 suffered from hyperlipidemia, and 4 of them suffered from hyperuricemia. As an intervention, participants received education about healthy lifestyles and degenerative diseases, the treatment of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, and diabetes mellitus. From healthy screening, central obesity was the most prevalent in this women's community. Healthy exercise community activities with health screening, and health education could be effective strategies for promotive and preventive activities to prevent degenerative obesity.

Association of Initial Muscle Fitness with Weight Loss and Metabolically Healthy Status in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: A Retrospective Study.

This retrospective study aimed to investigate the association of initial muscular fitness (MF) with weight loss and metabolic health status in 282 children and adolescents with obesity during 3 to 4 weeks of diet- and exercise-based interventions. Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) definitions established in 2023 and MF standards based on the 2021 Chinese children's grip strength grading were applied. The proportion of metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) was higher in the high MF group than in their low MF counterparts at baseline. After the intervention, neither group transitioned from MUO to MHO due to the high frequency of low HDL-C. High MF females showed a higher percentage of high systolic blood pressure (SBP) than low MF females before and after intervention. High MF males exhibited greater improvements in waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-C than low MF males. The benefits of weight loss and blood lipids obtained by males are more evident than those obtained by females under the same MF level. Thus, attention should be paid to females during weight loss regardless of MF levels. Precision therapy should prioritize the management of blood pressure and avoid excessive reduction in HDL-C levels to sustain metabolic health.

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Healthy Aging in a Large Representative Community Sample of Older Ethiopians.

Objectives: To examine the prevalence and predictors of healthy aging among community-dwelling older adults living in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study included older adults aged 60 and above (n = 845; Mage = 71 years; 56.4% females). Poisson regression estimated the Relative Risk (RR) of factors associated with healthy aging status. Results: 36.7% of respondents were classified as healthy agers. Factors associated with an increased likelihood of healthy aging included reporting not being lonely, adequate nutrition, no multimorbidity, good self-rated health, financial independence, and engaging in at least 1hour of moderate physical activity per week. Discussion: The proportion of healthy agers in this study was substantially lower compared to developed countries but comparable to the prevalence reported in similar developing nations. Enhancing physical activity, ensuring proper nutrition, interventions to foster social participation engagement, and networking, and managing chronic diseases were identified as promising strategies to promote healthy aging.

Towards sustainable exploitation of European pilchard (Sardina pilchardus) stocks off West African waters

European pilchard (Sardina pilchardus), herein referred to as “sardine” or “European sardine”, is the most productive and economically important small pelagic fish in the Northwest African waters. Thus far, very little is known about its stock status in the West African region despite the rapid decadal increase in its catch production. The present study provides avenues vital to improving guidance for sustainable species management. In this region, sardine is divided administratively into three stocks (northern: stock N, central: stock A + B, and southern: stock C). Thus, the present study used two Surplus Production Models (SPM) to evaluate sardine's stock status. Sardine's catch and scientific survey biomass data obtained from FAO-CECAF's (Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic (CECAF)) latest reports were used in this analysis to fit the SPMs and investigate the effectiveness of the available catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) trends in setting the total allowable catch (TAC) for sustaining the different sardine stocks in the region. Results from the SPMs indicate that the sardine stock in the north is fished at optimum levels. Meanwhile, the SPMs output based on the scientific survey biomass indices indicated a healthy state for the central and southern sardine stocks. Similarly, the fishery CPUE indices for the central and southern stocks showed similar biomass trends compared to the survey biomass index, indicating healthy stock status. Therefore, in cases where survey biomass index data is unavailable to run stock assessments, this study suggests that sardine fishery CPUEs could be used in SPMs to monitor biomass trends over time and may also provide stock status proxies. Additionally, with rapid climate and other environmental changes, sardine stocks must be regularly monitored with consistent and comparable scientific methodologies and updated fisheries time series data.

The impact of eating alone on food intake and everyday eating routines: A cross-sectional study of community-living 70- to 75-year-olds in Sweden

BackgroundEating is fundamental not only to survival and health, but also to how humans organise their social lives. Eating together with others is often seen as the healthy ideal, while eating alone is highlighted as a risk factor for negative health outcomes, especially among older adults. This paper, therefore, investigates the relationship between the frequency and subjective experience of eating alone and food-related outcomes among 70- to 75-year-olds in Sweden.MethodsA survey was distributed to a nationally representative random sample of 1500 community-living in Sweden, aged 70–75 years. Two different constructs of eating alone (objective and subjective) were measured, along with the following food-related outcomes: a food index, intake of food groups, consumption of ready-made meals, number of main meals per day, and body mass index (BMI).ResultsIn total, 695 respondents were included in the final sample. A quarter of the respondents were categorised as eating alone, of which a small proportion reported that doing so bothered them. There were no associations between eating alone and food index scores, BMI, or intake frequencies of fruits and berries, or fish and shellfish. However, people eating alone were less likely to report eating three meals per day (OR: 0.53, CI: 0.37–0.76, p = 0.006), less likely to report higher intake frequencies of vegetables and snacks, sugary foods, and sweet drinks (adjusted OR: 0.68, CI: 0.48–0.95, p = 0.023 resp. OR: 0.59, CI: 0.43–0.81, p = 0.001), and more likely to report higher intake frequencies of ready-made meals (adjusted OR: 3.71, CI: 2.02–6.84, p < 0.001) compared to those eating together with others. The subjective experience of eating alone did not have an impact on food-related outcomes.ConclusionEating alone or with others played a role in participants’ food intake, and seemed to influence aspects of the organisation of everyday eating routines rather than overall dietary healthiness or weight status. Our findings add to the previous body of research on commensality, eating alone, and health among the older population, providing insights into the development of future health policies and research.

Comparison of cardiovascular disease risk association with metabolic unhealthy obesity identified by body fat percentage and body mass index: Results from the 1999-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among individuals across different categories of metabolic obesity phenotypes is controversial. The study used body fat percentage (BFP) or body mass index (BMI) to categorize obese status and to investigate the association between metabolic obesity phenotypes and CVD risk in a nationally representative population. This cross-sectional study included 49463 adult participants in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2020. Metabolic healthy status was defined by the absence of metabolic syndrome according to the revised National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Group definition. Obesity was identified by BFP, assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, and BMI. The primary outcome was CVD prevalence. The multivariable logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to examine the associations between metabolic obesity phenotypes and the risk of CVD. Among 49463 adult participants, 32.12% were metabolically unhealthy, 34.10% were overweight, 37.94% were obese; and 8.41% had CVD. Compared with metabolic healthy normal weight, metabolic healthy obesity, and metabolic unhealthy normal weight/overweight/obesity were all associated with increased CVD risk with adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.45 (1.14-1.85), 2.80(1.53-5.11), 2.55(1.88-3.47), and 2.96(2.18-4.02), respectively. Nonlinear dose-response relationships between BFP and CVD were observed both in metabolically healthy and unhealthy participants (both P for non-linearity<0.0001). When obesity was defined with BMI, there were a similar prevalence of obesity, and similar associations between metabolic obesity phenotypes and CKD risks. Metabolic healthy and unhealthy obesity were both associated with higher risks of CVD, whether using BFP or BMI to define obese status. It suggests that metabolic obesity phenotype is a risk factor for CVD.

Research on a self-powered rolling bearing fault diagnosis method with a piezoelectric generator for self-sensing

The self-powered fault diagnosis methods provide a new idea to realize fault diagnosis without using wired sensors or battery-supported sensors. However, current self-powered fault diagnosis methods mainly depend on self-powered sensors, most of which may destroy the original structure of mechanical parts or contain connected energy harvesters and sensors, resulting in reduced reliability and stability. In this paper, a self-powered rolling bearing fault diagnosis method with a piezoelectric generator (PEG) for self-sensing is proposed. The PEG can be simply installed without destroying the bearing structure, and its electrical outputs excited by the mechanical vibrations can be further used for fault diagnosis. The energy conversion mechanism of a conventional monostable PEG and the basic knowledge of the convolutional neural network (CNN) model are first introduced, based on which the self-powered fault diagnosis approach is proposed. Experimental work is conducted to identify the parameters of the PEG's governing equation and verify its effectiveness. The responses of a PEG installed onto a rolling bearing experimental table are further measured and analyzed. Finally, the CNN model is trained based on the electrical outputs of the PEG under different installation positions, different rotation speeds and different healthy statuses of the bearings. The research results show that the average classification accuracies of this method for rotational speeds of 1200 rpm, 3000 rpm and 4800 rpm can achieve 88.389%, 98.99% and 98.431%, respectively, which are quite feasible in practical applications. This work shows a totally new idea of adopting a vibration energy harvester as a self-sensing device to achieve self-powered fault diagnosis, which has wide application potential in the future.

Evaluation of NETosis (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps) biomarkers in smokers and nonsmokers periodontitis patients

Background To evaluate the NETosis biomarkers citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), neutrophil elastase (ELA), calprotectin (CALPRO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) as indicators of inflammation in the severe stages of periodontitis III and IV in both (smokers and nonsmokers) patients, and to determine the correlation between NETosis biomarkers and clinical periodontal parameters. Methods This study recruited male subjects with an age range of (20-60) years; 60 were stage III and stage IV periodontitis patients, 30 were cigarette smoker, and 30 were nonsmokers. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria to evaluate their eligibility for recruitment, 25 control subjects with a healthy periodontal status and good oral hygiene maintenance were included. Unstimulated saliva was obtained and evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the following periodontal parameters were documented: [plaque index, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss]. Results The mean levels of all salivary NETosis biomarkers citH3, ELA, CALPRO, and MPO were elevated in the periodontitis groups (smokers and nonsmokers) than in controls. Moreover, the mean NETosis biomarker‘s mean levels were significantly higher in smoker than in nonsmokers. In addition, the correlations were significant between CALPRO and CitH3 in smokers and between ELA and CitH3 in nonsmokers. Conclusions The results of this study showed that the chosen salivary biomarkers of NETosis revealed elevated clinical accuracy in differentiating the studied periodontitis groups (smokers and nonsmokers) from controls. In addition, cigarette smoking increases the risk of periodontitis, and neutrophils in smokers with periodontitis exhibited more susceptibility to form neutrophil extracellular traps when compared with nonsmokers.

Healthy life expectancy with cardiovascular disease among Chinese rural population based on the prospective cohort study.

Limited research has explored the impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) on healthy life expectancy (HLE) especially in resource-limited areas. This study aimed to investigate the association between CVD and HLE in Chinese rural population. This study included 11,994 participants aged 45 years and older from the baseline and follow-up surveys of the Henan rural cohort study. Healthy status was measured via a Visual Analogue Scale. The multistate Markov model was applied to estimate the association between CVD and transitions in health, unhealthiness and death. Gender-specific total life expectancy, HLE and unhealthy life expectancy were calculated by the multistate life table method. During a mean follow-up time of 3.85 (3.84-3.86) years, there were 588 deaths recorded. For individuals with CVD, the risk of switching from health to unhealthiness status was increased by 71% [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.42-2.07], the chance of recovery was reduced by 30% (HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.60-0.82). Men aged 45 years without CVD could gain an extra 7.08 (4.15-10.01) years of HLE and lose 4.00 (1.60-6.40) years of unhealthy life expectancy compared to their peers with CVD, respectively. The corresponding estimates among women were 8.62 (5.55-11.68) years and 5.82 (2.59-9.04) years, respectively. This study indicated that CVD was significantly associated with poorer health status and lower HLE among Chinese rural population. It is an important public health policy to adopt targeted measures to reduce the CVD burden and enhance the quality of life and HLE in resource-limited areas.