Healthy Physical Activity Habits Research Articles

338-OR: Increased Glucose Time in Range following Active vs. Sedentary Days in Newly Diagnosed Youth with T1D—4T Exercise Results

The 4T Exercise Study started newly diagnosed youth with T1D on CGM and physical activity (PA) trackers ~1-month post diagnosis. We examined real-world PA patterns and glycemia in youth with T1D during the first year post diagnosis. A physically active day was identified as ≥10 mins of continuous moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA, with moderate-intensity (MOD) defined as 3-6 metabolic equivalents (METS) and high-intensity (HIE) as >6 METS. All other days were deemed as sedentary (SED) days. CGM data 24h after exercise were used to compute percent time below range (TBR; <70 and TBR2; <54 mg/dL), time in range (TIR; 70-180 mg/dL), and time above range (TAR; >180 and TAR2; >250 mg/dL). A total of 45 youth (age: 13 [IQR 12, 15] years, 38% female, 40% non-Hispanic White, 76% private insurance) wore activity trackers 13 [IQR: 8, 16] hours daily. Compared to SED days, higher intensity PA levels were associated with higher TIR (70% SED vs 72% with MOD, P=0.2; 76% with HIE, P=0.001) and lower TAR (28% SED vs 24% with MOD, P=0.08; 21% with HIE, P<0.001), but no difference in TBR (2.8% SED vs 3.6% following MOD, P=0.2; 3.7% following HIE, P=0.14). Overall, higher levels of PA in youth with new onset T1D was associated with over an hour of increased TIR per day, without significant increases in TBR. Exercise education soon after diagnosis is an opportunity to improve care and establish safe and healthy PA habits. Disclosure D.P.Zaharieva: Advisory Panel; Dexcom, Inc., Research Support; Hemsley Charitable Trust, International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes, Insulet Corporation, Speaker's Bureau; American Diabetes Association, Ascensia Diabetes Care, Medtronic. D.M.Maahs: Advisory Panel; Medtronic, LifeScan Diabetes Institute, MannKind Corporation, Consultant; Abbott, Research Support; Dexcom, Inc. V.Ritter: None. M.Riddell: Advisory Panel; Zealand Pharma A/S, Zucara Therapeutics, Indigo Diabetes, Consultant; Lilly Diabetes, Eli Lilly and Company, Jaeb Center for Health Research, Speaker's Bureau; Dexcom, Inc., Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Stock/Shareholder; Supersapiens, Zucara Therapeutics. A.Addala: None. F.K.Bishop: None. P.Prahalad: None. M.Desai: None. K.K.Hood: Consultant; Cecelia Health. D.Scheinker: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (P30DK116074); Stanford Diabetes Research Center (R18DK122422 to D.M.M.); Dexcom, Inc.; Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Auxiliaries Endowment; The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (G-2002-0425); Internationa

Physical activity habits and their relationship with sociodemographic factors in Chilean adolescents.

Physical activity plays an important role in the well-being and development of adolescents. Physical activity habits expressed in terms of frequency and duration are consistently associated with sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status. However, there is less evidence of the relationship between the type and context of physical activity in adolescents. The aim of this article is to analyze physical activity habits and their relationship with sociodemographic factors in Chilean adolescents. The cross-sectional study consisted of 7,263 adolescents aged between 10 and 20 years old, students from both public and private schools in all regions of Chile. Physical activity habits were examined by means of a self-report questionnaire. The age groups were classified according to the three stages of adolescence (early: 10 to 13, middle: 14 to 16, and late: 17 to 20 years old). Socioeconomic level was established based on the school vulnerability index (SVI) of the school attended by each adolescent. In the study it was obvious to the level of physical activity for the adolescents was below the international recommendations. A statistically significant association can also be found between the sociodemographic factors studied and the physical activity habits reported by the young people. The multivariate regression analysis established that the risk of not achieving the physical activity recommendations was 2.8 times higher in females than in males, 2.4 times higher in the older age groups (14–16 and 17–20 years old) compared to the 10–13-year age range and 1.1 times in the medium and high vulnerability groups than in the low socioeconomic vulnerability group. These findings highlight the importance of considering all these factors holistically whenever designing programs or public policies that promote the development of healthy physical activity habits in adolescents.

Physical Activity Related to Body Muscle Mass Index and Stiffness Index in 7-to-10-Year-Old Girls.

The relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) performance time and body muscle mass and stiffness index in pre-puberty school-aged girls has not been fully elucidated. The effect of sexual maturity on bone mass is more pronounced in girls. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between MVPA performance time and the above-mentioned factors. This was a prospective, population-based cohort study of 111 girls aged 7–10 years. Data were collected via medical examination, clinical measurements, and questionnaires. Spearman’s ρ analysis was used to determine the association between skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and stiffness index, muscle strength, and MVPA performance time. Participants who met the recommended MVPA level accounted for only 24.3% (n = 27) of all participating girls (n = 111). The following factors were significantly positively correlated with MVPA level at spearman’s ρ analysis: SMI (r = 0.303, p = 0.001), stiffness index (r = 0.229, p = 0.015), grip strength (r = 0.283, p = 0.003), back muscle strength (r = 0.197, p = 0.038), and standing long jump distance (r = 0.288, p = 0.002). Multiple regression analysis’s results revealed that SMI (β = 0.237; p = 0.024) was associated with MVPA performance time. These results can help school-aged girls to pay adequate attention to having healthy physical activity habits to prevent the decline of skeletal muscle mass, stiffness index, and body muscle strength.

Changes in Physical Activity Among University Students in Indonesia from Before to During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study

University life is an important phase for forming healthy physical activity habits among university students. However, little is known about the change in physical activity level during the COVID-19 pandemic among university students in Indonesia, which has a low stringency index. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among students of Universitas Gadjah Mada (n=153) from October to November 2020, where there were asked to recall their physical activity level and type of physical activity engaged in at four points of time: before the pandemic, early pandemic, Ramadan period, and relaxation period. Then, we conducted three-way mixed analyses of variance followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc comparisons tests to compare the mean difference of total moderate-vigorous physical activity with a subject over time and between subgroups in a similar time. Containment measures during the pandemic resulted in a 69.4-minute drop (95% confidence interval: 40.1 to 98.7 minutes, p<.001) of total moderate-vigorous physical activity. While the relaxation of containment measures could restore non-health natural science students’ physical activity to the pre-pandemic amount, it did not influence health science students’ physical activity. Our findings provide evidence that pandemic situations in a low stringency index country also affected physical activity behavior among university students. More efforts are needed to increase university students’ physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among health science students.

Experiences of stakeholder collaboration when promoting participation in physical activity among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Purpose Various stakeholders contribute to the development of healthy physical activity habits in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Parents and stakeholders seek collaborative actions but little is still known about such efforts. The purpose of this study was thus to explore how professionals from different services experience stakeholder collaboration when promoting participation in physical activity for these adolescents. Method Five focus group discussions were held with 17 professionals from education, health care, community, and sports organizations, engaged in the promotion of physical activity in adolescents with ASD. The data were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Results The discussions revolved around a central theme: Collaboration is needed to promote physical literacy among adolescents with ASD. The professionals though experienced that this collaboration was hampered by the low priority given to physical activity issues within different organizations, by limited resources, lack of knowledge, and unclear roles. Conclusions Notwithstanding the professionals’ different roles, all agreed that physical activity issues need to be prioritized and that each stakeholder needs to acknowledge the shared responsibility of collaboration. However, more clear routines for collaboration that include joined efforts but also highlight the organization-specific responsibilities might enhance the collaborative efforts. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION In-depth understanding of both the adolescents’ needs and the environments in which physical activity is promoted is required if participation in physical activity among adolescents with ASD is to be enhanced. Families and professionals within different organizations need to be supported to collaborate when mapping and meeting the adolescents’ physical activity needs. Issues regarding developing physical activity habits need to be prioritized. Professionals, such as education, health, and community professionals who are important for the promotion of healthy physical activity habits need to be included in multi-stakeholder meetings.

Parents' perceptions and concerns about physical activity participation among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.

The parents of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder have a vital and proactive role in encouraging healthy physical activity habits, and they possess important knowledge about the adolescents’ needs when it comes to enhancing participation in physical activity. But promoting healthy physical activity habits in adolescents can be difficult. The purpose of this study was thus to describe parents’ perceptions of their adolescent child’s participation in physical activity and to describe the parental role in promoting such participation. Twenty-eight parents of adolescents aged 12–16 years with autism spectrum disorder were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using an inductive content analysis approach. The parents described how challenging participation in physical activities could be for their adolescents. Despite this, they wanted to see their children participate more in physical activity but found the promotion of physical activity to be an overwhelming task that was difficult to cope with on their own. The results reveal a need for support and collaborative efforts among different actors to give these issues increased priority in order to promote the adolescents’ physical activity participation.Lay abstractWhat is already known about the topic? The parents of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder have a vital and proactive role in encouraging healthy physical activity habits. But promoting healthy physical activity habits in adolescents can be difficult. The purpose of this study was thus to describe the parental perceptions of their adolescent child’s participation in physical activity and to describe the parental role in promoting such participation. Twenty-eight parents of adolescents aged 12–16 years with autism spectrum disorder were interviewed.What this paper adds? The parents described how challenging participation in physical activities could be for their adolescents. Despite this, they wanted to see their children participate more in physical activity but found the promotion of physical activity to be an overwhelming task that was difficult to cope with on their own.Implications for practice, research, or policy. The results reveal a need for support and collaborative efforts among different actors to give these issues increased priority in order to promote the adolescents’ physical activity participation.

Abstract P146: Parental Influences on Children’s Healthy Behaviors

Background: The effect of parental health behaviors on children has not been well studied. This study examined how sixth-grade students’ health behaviors were influenced by perceptions of their parents’ health behaviors. Methods: Sixth grade students from 60 schools in Michigan participating in Project Healthy Schools were eligible for this study. Data on children’s and parents’ dietary, physical activity, and sedentary habits were collected through a validated health behavior questionnaire. Health behaviors analyzed included physical activity, screen time, sugary beverage consumption, fast/fatty food consumption, and fruit/vegetable consumption. Logistic regressions were used to determine the effect of parents’ health behaviors on their children’s health behaviors. Results: 4065 students completed the health behavior questionnaire. Children were more likely to have healthy physical activity habits if their parents also had healthy physical activity habits. Children were more likely to have healthy screen time habits if their parents had healthy screen time, fast/fatty food, and sugary beverage habits. Children were more likely to have healthy sugary beverage habits if their parents had healthy sugary beverage, fruit/vegetable, and fast/fatty food habits. Children were more likely to have healthy fast/fatty food habits if their parents had healthy fast/fatty food, screen time, and sugary beverage habits. Children were more likely to have healthy fruit/vegetable habits if their parents had healthy fruit/vegetable, physical activity, and fast/fatty food habits. Conclusions: Parent behaviors were strong predictors of child behaviors in the same category (e.g. high parental physical activity predicted high child physical activity) for all health behaviors assessed. All behaviors except physical activity were influenced by a multiple parent behaviors, suggesting more complex relationships. Further investigation may provide insight into strategies to improve children’s health behaviors.

Make Physical Activity (PA) a STAPLE in Children's Lives: Development of a Mnemonic to Assist Parents of Preschoolers in Planning PA Opportunities for their Children

Higher PA levels during early childhood are linked with healthy weight, motor skill proficiency, and healthy PA habits later in life. Many preschoolers do not meet PA recommendations, often because parents are not aware of or do not know how to operationalize them. A comprehensive literature review (n=58 articles) conducted using IOM's LEAD framework for obesity prevention documented PA levels, recommendations, and correlates for preschoolers. A mnemonic applying literature findings for PA benefits, guidelines and tips for parents was created. The mnemonic, based on Social Cognitive Theory, includes Space (for activity), Two‐hours (goal/day) with half this time for planned Activity and half for Play (unstructured activity), Leadership (let child choose activities), and Encourage (child to be active and modeling PA). Key informant interviews (n=10 parents, n=8 experts) validated the figure and documented its perceived utility to change parent PA behavioral intentions. Overall, informants felt the mnemonic was useful and enlightening. Mnemonics, like the one developed in this study that present a synthesis of research findings in a “matter‐of‐fact” manner, could help parents explore and resolve ambivalence or resistance toward behavior change, strengthen motivation for change, and reduce preschoolers’ obesity risk and associated health outcomes.Grant Funding Source: United States Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Grant Number 2011–68001‐30170