Healthy Middle-aged People Research Articles

The state of hemodynamics in middle-aged and elderly people

The article presents the results of a study of hemodynamic parameters in conditionally healthy middle-aged and elderly people in comparison with those of people with hypertension of middle and elderly age. Anthropometric data and hemodynamic parameters were determined and recorded in men and women, statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the analytical software IBM SPSS Statistics, 22.0. In the course of the study, a more significant inclusion of compensatory mechanisms for normalization of stroke volume, minute volume and peripheral vascular resistance was found in the group of conditionally healthy elderly people in comparison with a similar age group with arterial hypertension.

Antiaging Effects of Human Fecal Transplants with Different Combinations of Bifidobacterium bifidum LTBB21J1 and Lactobacillus casei LTL1361 in d-Galactose-Induced Mice.

The feces of healthy middle-aged and old people were first transplanted into d-galactose-induced aging mice to construct humanized aging mice with gut microbiota (FMTC) to confirm the antiaging effect of probiotics produced from centenarians. The mouse model was then treated with centenarian-derived Bifidobacterium bifidum (FMTL), Lactobacillus casei (FMTB), and their mixtures (FMTM), and young mice were used as the control. Compared with the FMTC group, the results demonstrated that the probiotics and their combinations alleviated neuronal damage, increased antioxidant capacity, decreased inflammation, and enhanced cognitive and memory functions in aging mice. In the gut microbiota, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Ligilactobacillus, and Akkermansia increased and that of Desulfovibrio and Colidextribacter decreased in the FMTM group compared with that in the FMTC group. The three probiotic groups displayed significant changes in 15 metabolites compared with the FMTC group, with 4 metabolites showing increased expression and 11 metabolites showing decreased expression. The groups were graded as Control > FMTM > FMTB > FMTL > FMTC using a newly developed comprehensive quantitative scoring system that thoroughly analyzed the various indicators of this study. The beneficial antiaging effects of probiotics derived from centenarians were quantitatively described using a novel perspective in this study; it is confirmed that both probiotics and their combinations exert antiaging effects, with the probiotic complex group exhibiting a larger effect.

Do Postural and Walking Stabilities Change over a Decade by Aging? A Longitudinal Study.

Previous studies have demonstrated that the center of gravity (COG) is more unstable in the elderly than in young people. However, it is unclear whether aging itself destabilizes the COG. This study aimed to investigate changes in COG sway and gait kinematics over time by a longitudinal study of middle-aged and elderly adults. This study included 198 healthy middle-aged and elderly people who underwent stabilometry at ten-year intervals. The participants' mean age at baseline was 62.9 ± 6.5 years, and 77 (39%) of them were male. The results of stabilometry (mean velocity, sway area, postural sway center in the medial-lateral direction [X center], and postural sway center in the anterior-posterior direction [Y center]), and results of exercise tests (the height-adjusted maximum stride length [HMSL] and the 10 m walk test [10MWT]) were analyzed. The destabilized group with 11 participants, whose mean velocity exceeded 3 cm/s after 10 years, was compared with the stable group with 187 participants, whose mean velocity did not exceed 3 cm/s. Mean velocity increased significantly over ten years (open-eye, from 1.53 ± 0.42 cm to 1.86 ± 0.67 cm, p < 0.001); however, the sway area did not change significantly. X center showed no significant change, whereas Y center showed a significant negative shift (open-eye, from -1.03 ± 1.28 cm to -1.60 ± 1.56 cm, p < 0.001). Although the results of 10MWT and initial HMSL did not differ significantly, the HMSL in the destabilized group at ten years was 0.64, which was significantly smaller than the 0.72 of others (p = 0.019). The ten-year changes in COG sway in middle-aged and elderly adults were characterized by a significant increase in mean velocity but no significant difference in sway area. Because the destabilized group had significantly smaller HMSL at ten years, instability at the onset of movement is likely to be affected by COG instability.

The Association between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in 42,726 Adults in UK Biobank: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Traditional modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure, have long been positively correlated with high carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). However, traditional cardiovascular risk factors made a minor contribution to cIMT variance, meaning that other markers may be regarded as independent markers for increasing cIMT. To investigate the simple demographic patterns of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in the UK Biobank and to identify which upstream cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are independently associated with cIMT. A cross-sectional-based study of healthy middle-aged people recruited in the UK between 2006 and 2010 (n = 42,726). This study showed that the cardiovascular risk profile generally worsened across the cIMT quantiles from lowest to highest. The lowest cIMT quartile was defined as having a mean cIMT < 588 µm, while the highest cIMT quartile was defined as having a mean cIMT > 748 µm. Specifically, the highest cIMT quantile group had a worse CVD risk factors profile compared to the lowest cIMT quantile group. It was found that, for every one SD increase in age and systolic blood pressure, the mean cIMT increased by 0.357 SD and 0.115 SD, respectively. Systolic blood pressure and age were the strongest independent risk factors for a high cIMT value compared to other risk factors.

Higher serum uric acid is associated with poorer cognitive performance in healthy middle-aged people: a cross-sectional study

Age-related cognitive impairment can occur many years before the onset of the clinical symptoms of dementia. Uric acid (UA), a metabolite of purine-rich foods, has been shown to be positively associated with improved cognitive function, but such association remains controversial. Moreover, most of the previous studies investigating the association included elderly participants with memory-related diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating whether serum UA (sUA) is associated with cognitive performance in healthy middle-aged individuals. We conducted a cross-sectional study on a cohort of middle-aged individuals (40–60 years old) who participated in the Qatar Biobank. The participants had no memory-related diseases, schizophrenia, stroke, or brain damage. They were divided according to sUA level into a normal group (< 360 μmol/L) and a high group (≥ 360 μmol/L), and underwent an assessment of cognitive function using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Two cognitive function domains were assessed: (a) speed of reaction/reaction time and (b) short-term visual memory. The median age of the 931 participants included in the study was 48.0 years (IQR: 44.0, 53.0), of which 47.6% were male. Adjusted multivariable linear regression analyses showed that higher sUA is associated with poorer performance on the visual memory domain of cognitive function (β = − 6.87, 95% CI − 11.65 to − 2.10, P = 0.005), but not on the speed of reaction domain (β = − 55.16, 95% CI − 190.63 to 80.30, P = 0.424). Our findings support previous studies suggesting an inverse association between high sUA levels and cognitive function in elderly and extend the evidence for such a role to middle-aged participants. Further prospective studies are warranted to investigate the relationship between UA and cognition.

GLUCOMANNAN AND RED RICE EXTRACT REDUCE BLOOD LIPID LEVELS IN OVERWEIGHT PATIENTS

Objective: This study aims to explore the changes in blood lipid levels, body composition, and blood pressure in healthy middle-aged overweight people with mild hypercholesterolemia following the 45-day intake of a dietary supplement containing both glucomannan and red rice extract. Design and method: The survey was designed as a single-arm non-randomized, non-blind intervention study. 31 study participants consumed a dietary supplement containing dietary fibers (Konjak glucomannan, E425ii) and red rice extract (Monascus purpureus) for 45 days. Participants were asked not to change their current diet. Their body weight, body composition, and blood pressure were measured every two weeks. Blood lipids were tested at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. Results: After 45 days, there was a significant decrease in total cholesterol (by 16-18%), LDL cholesterol (by 20-24%), and triglyceride levels (by 11-23%) in both genders. In addition, women lost on average about 1 kilogram of body weight, 1.5 kilograms in body fat, and decreased their body mass index by 0.5 kg/m2. No changes in body composition were observed among men, but their systolic pressure decreased by six mmHg on average. Conclusions: Concurrent use of glucomannan and red yeast rice extract resulted in a significant reduction in blood lipid levels in both genders. It could be a safe and effective treatment option for the population of healthy middle-aged overweight people with mild hypercholesterolemia.

Following changes in balance and cognitive performance on healthy middleaged people: Evaluation of the effect of two types of concurrent training

Purpose.The study aimed to compare the effects of two different concurrent training protocols applied to healthy middleaged individuals on balance parameters and cognitive functions.Methods.Thirty-three middle-aged adults voluntarily participated in this study. A randomised, between-group design (Strength+Aerobic Group [SAG] and control group Aerobic+Strength Group [ASG]) was used. After collecting data related to the main characteristics of the subjects (i.e., age, sex, medical history, smoking habits), the following assessments were made: Subjects’ physical activity level, balance parameters, and inhibition and attention indicators. The intervention lasted 13 weeks (2 sessions per week, 50 minutes per session).Results.Both protocols (SAG and ASG) significantly improved balance performance. However, as for the group-by-time interaction, no significant difference between the two groups were observed in any of the parameters assessed (F(1–31) = 0.843; 0.760; 0.612; 0.656; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). Thus, it was found that participating in either the SAG or ASG groups had no significant influence on attention accuracy, reaction time, total number of matters processed (participants’ psychomotor speed), and non-marked letters (selective attention) (post-test–pre-test difference: F(1–31) = 0.239, 0.337, 0.738, 0.414; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). It was also observed that both training programs resulted in similar improvements in all balance characteristics and cognitive parameters.Conclusions.It was found that the order of strength or aerobic exercises in the concurrent training for improving balance and cognitive parameters in healthy middle-aged individuals is not significant.

Effects Of Different Intensities And Durations Of Aerobic Exercise On Vascular Endothelial Function In Middle-aged And Elderly People: A Meta-analysis

PURPOSE: Previous studies have found that aerobic exercise was more effective in improving vascular endothelial function than resistance training, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and other types of exercise, while the effects between different intensities and durations of aerobic exercise were unclear. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to investigate the effects of different intensities and durations of aerobic exercise on the vascular endothelial function of middle-aged and elderly people. METHODS: Databases were searched up to April 2021 for studies evaluating the influences of different intensities and durations of aerobic exercise on endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) among healthy middle-aged and elderly people. Data were pooled using random-effects models to obtain the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: A total of 9 studies involving 161 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Aerobic exercise improved the overall FMD of healthy middle-aged and elderly people (WMD, 1.33 [95% CI, 0.37-2.28], p < 0.05). Specifically, vigorous-intensity exercise increased FMD significantly in healthy middle-aged and elderly people (WMD, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.27-1.93], p < 0.05), while moderate-intensity exercise had no significant association with FMD (WMD, 1.49 [95% CI, -0.62-3.60], p < 0.05). In addition, long-term (8 weeks or above) aerobic exercise increased the FMD in healthy middle-aged and elderly people (WMD, 1.63 [95% CI, 0.61-2.66], p < 0.05), while one-time acute aerobic exercise had no significant association with FMD of healthy middle-aged and elderly people (WMD, 0.89 [95% CI, -1.47-3.24], p < 0.05).Specifically, 8 weeks or above of vigorous-intensity exercise increased FMD significantly in healthy middle-aged and elderly people (WMD, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.06-1.90], p < 0.01), while 8 weeks or above of moderate aerobic exercise had no significant association with FMD (WMD, 1.49 [95% CI, -0.62-3.60], p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic exercise, especially 8 weeks or above of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise, improved the endothelial function in healthy middle-aged and elderly people.

Basic research to determine normal levels of androgens (testosterone, free testosterone, DHEA-S) in Japanese middle-aged women

ABSTRACT Introduction We surveyed the age distribution (30-80s) of blood androgen levels (testosterone, free testosterone, DHEA-S) in healthy Japanese women at the testing center currently used by general clinicians measure by method for creating androgen reference values ​​of Japanese women. In addition, the major female hormones estradiol, the gonadotropins LH and FSH, and IGF-1, which reflected growth hormone were measured at the same time. Objective &amp; Methods We collected the bloods of 160 healthy volunteer women who visited the Women's Clinic LUNA JAPAN, Sapporo Toho Hospital, and Caress Sapporo Clock Tower Memorial Hospital between Oct. 2020 and Feb.2021 and measured testosterone, free testosterone, DHEA-S, estradiol, LH, FSH and IGF-1. The measurement was outsourced to the Biochemical Blood Testing Department of LSI Medience Corporation, and the androgen level was collectively measured by the CLIA method. The survey was conducted with the approval of the medical corporation LEADING GIERLS Ethics Committee and with the written consent of all patients. Results The average age of volunteer women was 45, the median was 41, the maximum was 87, and the minimum was 20. The number distribution was 16 in their 20’s, 52 in their 30’s, 43 in their 40’s, 17 in their 50’s, 15 in their 60’s, 10 in their 70’s, and 7 in their 80’s. Table 1 shows the mean ± standard deviation of testosterone, free testosterone, DHEA-S, LH, FSH, estradiol, and IGF-1 for each age group. (Table 1) Conclusions In this group, regarding male hormones, DHEA and free testosterone decreased with age. In addition, IGF-1 also decreased with age. On the other hand, with regard to testosterone, the level of decrease is smaller than those of the other two androgens. Regarding estradiol, it decreased rapidly after menopause, but it is maintained at 10 to 20 pg / ml even after menopause. Healthy middle-aged women in Japan may maintain the lowest levels of testosterone and estradiol by eating a diet rich in sex hormone-like flavonoids such as soy isoflavones. However, the sexual function of healthy middle-aged and elderly people in Japan is said to be lower in both men and women than in Europe and the United States, and further research is needed on the relationship between Japanese sex hormone levels and sexual function and culture. Disclosure Work supported by industry: no.

Effect of different conditioning methods of traditional Chinese health exercise on lung function in healthy middle-aged and elderly people: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundLung function is highly age-dependent as it decreases in varying degrees with age, even in healthy people. Decreased lung function results in less elastic lung tissue, reduced chest wall compliance, reduced area for gas exchange, and even a variety of chronic diseases. Traditional Chinese health exercise (TCHE) has three components: “breath regulation,” “body regulation,” and “heart regulation,” which play an important role in the improvement of lung function. However, which component has the most significant effect on lung functioning remains unclear. Therefore, depending on the modality of conditioning, TCHEs will be divided into three exercise intervention groups: breath regulation group, body regulation group, and heart regulation group, in order to explore the magnitude of the effect of the different modalities of conditioning on the improvement of lung function.MethodsThe prospective, parallel, single-blind, randomized controlled trial will evaluate the effects of different conditioning methods of TCHE on lung function in middle-aged and elderly people. The study subjects are healthy middle-aged and elderly adults, who will be randomly divided into the “breath regulation group,” “body regulation group,” “heart regulation group,” and “control group.” The control group will receive health education. Health education and exercise intervention in the three intervention groups will be provided for 6 months, 5 times a week, with each session lasting 60 min. The outcomes of interest include changes in the pulmonary function tests measured at baseline and 3 and 6 months after the beginning of the intervention. The primary outcome is the forced vital capacity (FVC), while the secondary outcomes include forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FVC/FEV1 ratio, vital capacity (VC), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV).DiscussionThis study will assess the effects of different conditioning methods of TCHE on lung function in middle-aged and elderly people. The final findings of this study will validate the effectiveness and safety of TCHE on lung function interventions in middle-aged and elderly people.Trial registrationChina Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100052687. Registered on November 3, 2021

Promene serumskih lipida i telesne mase nakon primene dijetetskog suplementa sa glukomananom i ekstraktom crvenog pirinča u maloj interventnoj studiji

Glucomannan and red rice extract combined in a dietary supplement could exhibit a synergistic effect in lowering blood lipid levels. We aim to explore the changes in blood lipid levels, and body composition in healthy middle-aged overweight people with mild hypercholesterolemia following the 45-day intake of a dietary supplement containing glucomannan and red rice extract. We present a single-arm non-randomized, non-blind intervention study. In total, 31 participants consumed a dietary supplement containing glucomannan dietary fibers (Konjak glucomannan, E425ii, 4 grams) and red rice extract (Monascus purpureus, 1 gram) for 45 days, without changes in their current diet. Body weight and composition were measured every two weeks. Blood lipids were tested at the beginning and the end of the intervention. After 45 days, there was a significant decrease in total cholesterol (by 16-18%), LDL cholesterol (by 20-24%), and triglyceride levels (by 11-23%) in both genders. In addition, women lost on average about 1 kilogram of body weight, 1.5 kilograms in body fat, and decreased their body mass index by 0.5 kg/m2. In men, body composition did not change. Concurrent use of glucomannan and red yeast rice extract resulted in a significant reduction in blood lipid levels in both genders. It could be a safe and effective treatment option for the population of healthy middle-aged overweight people with mild hypercholesterolemia. Trial registry information. Study protocol was registered under ChiCTR1800016300.

Establishment of Normal Range for Thromboelastography in Healthy Middle-Aged and Elderly People of Weihai in China.

TEG can monitor the dynamic changes of blood clot formation and lysis by activating the coagulation system of a small sample of whole blood in vitro. The parameters can reflect the level of coagulation factors, the function of fibrinogen and platelet, and the presence or absence of hyperfibrinolysis. At present, the normal reference range of the parameters of TEG is mainly based on the reference values established by the Western population. Due to the differences in the distribution of ethnic groups, many countries have established their reference ranges for healthy populations. In China, some scholars have tried to establish the corresponding TEG reference range according to the characteristics of the population in different regions. This study tried to establish the reference range for thromboelastography in healthy middle-aged and elderly people of Weihai in China and compare it with the reference range provided by the manufacturer. The fasting venous blood of 454 healthy middle-aged and elderly people was collected, including 239 males and 215 females. The thromboelastography TEG-5000 was used to measure the reaction time (R), coagulation formation time (K), coagulation angle (Angle), and maximum amplitude (MA). The reference range of TEG parameters of middle-aged and elderly healthy males was R: 4.38–8.27 min, K: 1.44–2.82 min, Angle: 48.53–72.17 deg, and MA: 51.95–72.02 mm; respectively, in the females, the normal value was R: 3.43–7.40 min, K: 1.07–2.53 min, Angle: 48.22–77.22 deg, and MA: 53.10–74.58 mm; The difference of R, K, Angle, and MA between the male group and the female group was statistically significant (P < 0.05); In this study, if we use the reference range established by the manufacturer, the R specificity for males was 91.6%, K specificity was 98.7%, Angle specificity was 85.8%, and MA specificity was 93.7%; the range for females was 68.4%, 99.5%, 75.8%, and 87.4%, respectively. There are statistically significant differences between R, K, Angle, and MA in middle-aged and elderly healthy women and men. It is necessary to establish a TEG reference range for healthy females and males.

Fingertip capillary dynamic near infrared spectrum (DNIRS) measurement combined with multivariate linear modification algorithm for noninvasive blood glucose monitoring

Blood glucose continuous monitoring (GCM) plays a crucial role in prevention and diagnosis of diabetes. A noninvasive CGM method based on fingertip capillary Dynamic Near Infrared Spectrum (DNIRS) combined with multivariate linear modification algorithm was proposed in this study. In order to control the environmental variables and physicochemical parameters during spectral data acquisition, a Fingertip Fixed Probe Biosensor (FFPB) was designed. In the preliminary experiment, three group of volunteers (healthy young people, middle-aged people and patients with diabetes) were test twice. The model established by the former test could be used for the latter prediction for each individual, and the duration of each test was 120 min. Meanwhile the reference value of blood glucose was measured by the standard blood glucose analyzer. When establishing the prediction model, a multivariate linear modification algorithm was proposed, which has better prediction accuracy and precision than the traditional multiple linear regression model. The root mean square error of validation and root mean square error of prediction are RMSEV≤15.61 mg/dL and RMSEP≤20.67 mg/dL respectively. The correlation coefficient between the prediction and the reference value of blood glucose also reaches 0.87, and the prediction keeps good track of postprandial glucose excursions with the comparison of the reference value. Through the Clark Error Grid Analysis (CEGA), more than 96 % of the test set samples lies within Zone A. The result indicates that the prediction model has good prediction accuracy and robustness. This measurement method can continuously and noninvasively monitor the variance of blood glucose in human body, which has a promising prospect in the future practical application.

Hydrolyzed Chicken Extract (ProBeptigen®) on Cognitive Function in Healthy Middle-Aged People: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial.

Cognitive decline is an important issue of global public health. Cognitive aging might begin at middle adulthood, the period particularly vulnerable to stress in lifespan. Essence of chicken (EOC) has consistently demonstrated its beneficial effects on various cognitive domains as nutritional supplementation. This study primarily aimed to examine the cognitive enhancement effects of ProBeptigen® (previously named CMI-168), hydrolyzed peptides extracted from EOC, in healthy middle-aged people under mild stress. Ninety healthy subjects were randomly assigned into the ProBeptigen® or placebo group for eight weeks. Neurocognitive assessment, event-related potentials (ERPs), and blood tests were conducted before, during, and after the treatment. The ProBeptigen® group outperformed placebo group on Logical Memory subtests of Wechsler Memory Scale-third edition (WMS-III) and Spatial Working Memory task in the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). The anti-inflammatory effects of ProBeptigen® in humans were also confirmed, with progressively declining high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. Regular dietary supplementation of ProBeptigen® is suggested to improve verbal short- and long-term memory as well as spatial working memory, and reduce inflammation in middle-aged healthy individuals with stress. The effects of ProBeptigen® on cognition warrant further investigation. (NCT03612752)

Risk Factors for Neuropathic Pain in Middle-Aged and Elderly People: A Five-Year Longitudinal Cohort in the Yakumo Study.

To determine the risk factors for new neuropathic pain (NeP) after five years in healthy middle-aged and elderly volunteers. Prospective longitudinal cohort study (Yakumo study). Clinical evaluation in a health checkup. A total of 366 people (male N = 146, female N = 220, average age = 63.5 years) who did not have NeP in 2013 were examined. NeP was diagnosed based on a painDETECT questionnaire score ≥13. Body mass index (BMI), comorbidity, low back pain (LBP), sciatica, physical ability, grip and back muscle strength, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, frailty, spinal alignment, and quality of life (QOL) with the SF36 in 2013 were compared between NeP(+) and NeP(-) subjects in 2018 using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The NeP(+) rate in 2018 was 5.2%, with no significant differences in age and gender. NeP(+) subjects had significantly lower BMI, severe sciatica, poor gait ability, higher rates of osteoporosis and sarcopenia, greater lumbar kyphosis and spinal inclination, and poorer mental health in 2013. Poor gait ability (odds ratio [OR] = 8.05), low BMI (OR = 2.31), lumbar kyphosis (OR = 1.38), low percentage of the young adult mean (OR = 1.15), and low mental QOL (OR = 1.06) were identified as significant and independent risk factors for new NeP after five years. This longitudinal cohort study identified five independent risk factors for development of new NeP after five years, with related factors of spinal inclination, sarcopenia, and sciatica. New NeP may be prevented by intervention or treatment of these factors at an early stage in relatively healthy middle-aged and elderly people.

Preliminary establishment of reference interval for non-fasting serum triglycerides among healthy middle-aged and elderly people in some communities Beijing

Objective To establish the reference interval of serum triglyceride (TG) for 4 hours after meal in healthy middle and old people of Beijing community, and to provide the diagnostic basis for the judgment of dyslipidemia after meal. Methods Selected 369 elderly people from January to October 2018 in the health examination of Guang′anmen Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The subjects collected fasting venous blood samples in the morning the next day after fasting for 12 hours, then ate a standard breakfast that conformed to the local dietary habits, and collected venous blood samples again 4 hours after eating. Serum TG levels were measured 4 h after meal using AU5822 fully automatic biochemical analyzer and matching reagents. The comparison of postprandial TG between different age and sex groups was statistically significant using the nonparametric test of two independent samples, and the comparison between postprandial and fasting TG using the nonparametric test of two paired samples with P<0.05 as the difference. The 95% confidence interval was calculated using a nonparametric method according to the relevant requirements of the CLSI EP28-A3c file, and the reference interval was expressed as P2.5, P97.5. Results The median 4-hour post-prandial TG of the middle-aged and elderly aged 45-59 years and those aged ≥ 60 years at health checkups were 1.65 (1.25, 2.13) mmol/L and 1.58 (1.25, 2.00) mmol/L, there was no significant difference between the two groups (Z=-1.040, P>0.05). There was no statistical difference between males 1.69 (1.22, 2.31) mmol/L and females 1.63 (1.26, 2.12) mmol/L at 4 hours postprandial TG levels in the 45-59 year-old group (Z=-0.179, P>0.05),there was also no statistical difference between 1.64 (1.22, 2.06) mmol/L for men and 1.53 (1.28, 1.99) mmol/L for women aged 60 years or older (Z=-0.256, P>0.05).Compared with the median fasting TG of 1.05 (0.87, 1.29) mmol/L, the median serum TG of 1.61 (1.25, 2.09) mmol/L at 4 hours after meal was significantly increased (Z=-16.449, P<0.01). The difference between postprandial and fasting was 0.52 (0.30, 0.85) mmol/L.The reference range of serum TG at 4 hours after meal was 0.82 to 3.02 mmol/L. Conclusion In this study, the reference range of serum triglycerides for 4 hours after meal was established in some healthy elderly population groups in Beijing. Key words: Non-fasting serum Triglyceride; Healthy population; Middle-aged and elderly people; Reference range

Multivariate analysis of factors related to the absence of musculoskeletal degenerative disease in middle-aged and older people.

Musculoskeletal degenerative disease (MSD; osteoporosis, knee arthritis and lumbar spondylosis) decreases the quality of life (QOL) of older people. The objective of the present study was to identify the factors related to the absence of MSD in multivariate logistic regression analysis. The participants were 1034 volunteers (444 men, 590 women, mean age 63.5 years) in the Yakumo study. Osteoporosis (percentage of young adult mean ≤70%), knee arthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥2), and lumbar spondylosis (Nathan class ≥3) were prospectively examined. Participants were divided into those with and without MSD. Age, sex, body mass index, muscle strength, gait ability, pain, body balance, spinal sagittal alignment, geriatric syndrome (locomotive syndrome, frailty and sarcopenia) and QOL (Short Form Health Survey) were compared between these groups to identify the factors associated with the absence of MSD. Significantly lower age, body mass index and pain; higher gait speed, grip and back muscle strength; more stable body balance; better sagittal spinal alignment; and lower rates of locomotive syndrome, frailty and sarcopenia were observed in the group without MSD (n = 445, 43%), with significantly better QOL (P < 0.0001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex, lower body mass index (odds ratio [OR] 1.10, P < 0.001), lower spinal inclination (OR 1.08, P < 0.01), higher back muscle strength (OR 1.01, P < 0.05), no locomotive syndrome (OR 1.80, P < 0.05) and good body balance (OR: 1.12, P < 0.05) were significant factors for the absence of MSD. Factors related to an absence of MSD are also related to good QOL, and should be a focus of health interventions in healthy middle-aged and older people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1141-1146.

P2429More precise assessment of flow-mediated dilation by measuring individually determined maximum dilatory peak time in healthy middle-aged subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus type 2

Abstract The assessment of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is widely used in clinical research to quantify endothelial function. FMD is calculated by subtracting the artery's baseline diameter from the peak diameter during hyperemia. However, there is no consensus on how to determine peak diameter. Many authors report FMD results based on values assessed at predefined time points. This may limit the accuracy and reproducibility of FMD. We hypothesised that FMD values using maximum dilatory peak time (MDP) would differ from those using predefined time points. Using individually determined MDP may lead to a lower number of subjects needed to show significance for a given difference in FMD. FMD was measured in middle-aged subjects with and without diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) by ultrasound (12-MHz transducer). In a subset of subjects, FMD was measured again 30 days later. All measurements were performed by certified research physicians and evaluated using appropriate software. FMD values were compared at 60 s and 90 s after start of hyperaemia and at MDP during hyperaemia. FMD was measured in 100 healthy subjects and 72 subjects with T2DM (mean ± SD age 57±6 years, healthy: body mass index 26.2±3 kg/m2, blood pressure 127±10 /80±7 mmHg, DMT2: body mass index 29±3 kg/m2, blood pressure 135±11 / 86±5 mmHg, HbA1c 7.1±0.7%). FMD in healthy subjects was lower at predefined time points compared to MDP (least square mean difference (95% CI)) 60 s vs. MDP −1.14% (−1.72 to −0.56; p&lt;0.0001) and 90 s vs. MDP −1.87% (−2.48 to −1.26; p&lt;0.0001). Also in subjects with DMT2, FMD at predefined time points was lower compared to MDP (least square mean difference (95% CI)) 60 s vs. MDP −1.08% (−1.71 to −0.44; p&lt;0.001) and 90 s vs. MDP −1.73% (−2.38 to −1.06; p&lt;0.001). The intra-subject variability was lowest for MDP compared to 60 s and 90 s (15% vs. 36% and 51%, respectively). Assuming 80% power and alpha at 0.05, the individually determined peak requires 15 people to detect a 1% difference in FMD versus 26 subjects if determined at 60 s and 31 subjects if determined at 90 s. This study demonstrated significantly higher FMD values and superior reproducibility of the individually determined maximum dilatory peak compared to peaks at predefined time points in healthy middle-aged people and patients with type 2 diabetes. This roughly halves the number of study participants needed to detect a 1% difference in FMD.

Positive Effects of Yoga on Physical and Respiratory Functions in Healthy Inactive Middle-Aged People.

Context:Yoga improves physical and respiratory functions in healthy inactive middle-aged people.Aim:This study aimed to assess the effects of 8 weeks of asana and asana with pranayama lessons in order to clarify the influence of two different combinations of yoga practice on physical and respiratory functions in healthy inactive middle-aged people.Subjects and Methods:A total of 28 participants (mean age: 52.7 years) were divided into a yoga asana (YA) group and YA with pranayama (YAP) group. Participants attended a 70-min session once a week for 8 weeks. The YA group practiced basic asana without specific breathing instructions, while the YAP group practiced basic asana with specific breathing instructions (pranayama). Respiratory function was measured with an autospirometer. Physical function assessments included the 30-s chair stand test and upper and lower extremity flexibility. All tests were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention.Statistical Analysis:Changes in scores were analyzed with the paired t-test for each group. Pre-post results were compared for all the measured values. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Both groups showed significant improvements in physical and overall respiratory functions after the 8-week yoga intervention. However, the maximal inspiratory pressure and lower extremity flexibility improved only in the YAP group.Conclusions:The 8-week yoga intervention for healthy inactive middle-aged people improved the overall respiratory and physical functions, and the inclusion of pranayama had the added benefit of improving inspiratory muscle strength and global body flexibility.

3 - NRXN1 DELETION CARRIERS’ PHENOTYPES IN THE UK BIOBANK

Background NRXN1 deletions are a confirmed risk factor for schizophrenia and ASD. The full phenotypic spectrum of consequences of these deletions has not been established. Methods We tested 140,187 white British or Irish participants in the UK Biobank (aged 40–70) for the presence of deletions that intersect at least one exon of the NRXN1 gene Results 48 people (30 women and 18 men) carried such deletions (0.03%). Carriers had subtle cognitive deficits: on seven tests they showed differences of between 0 and 1 SD (Z-scores, corrected for age and gender), with only two of these reaching significance: Digit Symbol and Reaction Time tests. Carriers did not differ on their educational qualifications (e.g., 15 carriers went to college or university), their occupational attainment, income or subjective happiness and satisfaction with their health and financial situation. We tested over 30 health outcomes, such as heart attacks, diabetes, cancer or number of hospital admissions. There was no increase in any adverse health outcomes. There was no increase in major psychiatric disorders, and no carrier had developed schizophrenia or mania. There were slight reductions of some measures of physical fitness: carriers had slight increases in hip and waist circumference, and lower peak expiratory volume. Discussion Despite the only subtle differences and the lack of adverse health outcomes, NRXN1 deletion carriers had on average 0.7 fewer children than the rest of the participants (on average women in the Biobank had 1.82 children and men had 1.78 children). Nine of the 18 men and 13 of the 30 women had no children. The differences in both men and women were significant, confirming previous suggestions that carriers have reduced fecundity (Rees et al., 2011; Stefansson et al., 2014). Reduced fecundity appears to be present even among overall healthy middle-aged people who have escaped early neurodevelopmental disorders.