Healthy Married Women Research Articles

Predictable correlation between ACTH and Cortisol in Women with Aborted Pregnancies and its Association with Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection

Background: Abortion is a spontaneous termination of pregnancy with various causes, including infections like cytomegalovirus (CMV). Cytomegalovirus is a common viral infection that can affect various organs and systems in the body. Aim of study: This research aims to investigate the concertation level of Cortisol and ACTH hormones that may play a role in crucial processes during pregnancy. Materials and methods: This study conducted at Maternity and Children's Hospital in Hilla from November 2023 to March 2024 focused on 250 women who had undergone abortions. Participants were divided into two groups: 200 women with abortions (Positive Group) and 50 healthy married women (Control Group). Results: we found 60 Cytomegalovirus were positively obtained from women with abortion, The serological diagnosis for CMV-positive samples found that 6 samples were seropositive to CMV IgM, 14 samples were seropositive for both IgM & IgG, and 40 (samples were seropositive for CMV IgG only. The study investigated the concertation hormone levels of Cortisol and ACTH in women who had experienced abortions with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection compared to a Control group of healthy married women. The results showed that the patient group had significantly lower cortisol levels, at a mean value of 42.1158. On the other hand,(ACTH) of (78.1468).conclusion: High levels are present in the blood of women with CMV. There is a decreased level of Cortisol in women miscarriage with CMV infection which is statically significant.

Modified ferriman-gallwey score and hirsutism among normal healthy female population.

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Hirsutism by using the mFG score and to identify the mean mFG score among the normal healthy female population of Peshawar. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 448 normal healthy married women aged between 20 to 40 years from 14th April 2022 to 13th October 2022 at Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar. The mFG score was used to evaluate Hirsutism, a score of eight or above was regarded as indicative of Hirsutism. The mean modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) score was 8.89 ± 4.33. 255 (56.9%) of the individuals had a mFG score of more than 8. These people showed mild hirsutism in 52.0% of cases, moderate hirsutism in 4.5% of cases, and severe hirsutism in 0.4% of cases. It was observed that the lower abdomen and thigh region had the highest prevalence of mild to moderate hirsutism, with a considerable number of individuals scoring two and three. Conversely, the back and buttocks showed predominantly minimal to no hirsutism, with the majority of participants scoring 0 and 1. There was no discernible difference in mean mFG scores between age groups, according to statistical analysis (p=0.195). Intriguingly, rates of hirsutism were found to be higher in urban versus rural populations, at 78.7% versus 36.6%, respectively (p<0.01). In addition, 80.3% of people who had a positive family history of hirsutism had a mFG score of 8 or higher. The prevalence of Hirsutism among the normal healthy female population based on the mFG score was relatively high.

The Relationship between Serum Oxytocin Levels and Sexual Function and Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Inconsistent results were found regarding the relationship between human blood oxytocin (OXT) levels and psychiatric and sexual dysfunction (SD) in several studies. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the relationship between OXT levels and sexual function and depression. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study involving 84 non-pregnant healthy married women at childbearing age. Beck Depression Inventory and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were used to collect the data, and human oxytocin ELISA kit was used to determine serum OXT level. The independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to determine the relationship between variables. Results: Average age of the participants was 36.1 (6.91) in this study and the range of their age was 19-49. The mean serum OXT level was 192.70 (139.71)pg/ml. The mean total score of FSFI and depression were 21.54 (5.18) and 12.42 (11.20) from the attainable score of 2-36 and 0-63, respectively. The associations between serum OXT level and FSFI overall score (r=0.066, P=0.548) and depression score (r=0.137, P=0.215) were not found to be significant. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups of women with and without SD (P=0.155) and women with and without depression (P=0.110) in terms of serum OXT levels. Conclusion: The results of this study did not indicate a significant relationship between serum OXT levels and depression and sexual function. As there was no significant relationship between the oxytocin concentrations and measured outcomes, conducting further studies with a better study design and a larger sample size is recommended.

Domestic Violence and its Associated Factors among Married Women of Varanasi

Background: Domestic violence experienced by married women with mental illness, with physical illness (obstetric and gynecological morbidity) and with no illness (normal healthy women), is a nearly universal phenomenon. Materials and Methods: The study design was cross-sectional case–control study. A total of 165 married women (group: mental illness, with physical illness and with no illness) between the ages of 16 and 45 were randomly selected. The study was conducted in the hospital, which is a tertiary care center with a huge catchment area that extends from Uttar Pradesh, to Bihar, and parts of Madhya Pradesh and Nepal. People living in this area largely come from middle, lower, and poor socioeconomic strata and have low level of literacy. Results: Perceived factors were reported exclusively by the married women with mental illness: alleged disrespect to elders, considers wife as property of husband, disability, instigated by family members, violating family norms, tradition of wife abuse in the family, unacceptable abnormal wife, unacceptable wife/daughter-in-law with mental illness, antisocial personality traits, and cannabis use dependence. Conclusions: Domestic violence (spousal) is most frequent and severe in married women with mental illness, then in married women with physical illness, and least in healthy married women. Higher husband's age and lower wife's age were predictors of domestic violence perpetrated by husbands in married healthy women.

Preparation of Metformin/Doxorubicin-Bovine Serum Albumin-Hyaluronic Acid-Carbon Dots Nanoparticles and Their Application in Treating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome on Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor of Patient Combine with Metformin

At present, carbon dot nanoparticle has good light stability and bioavailability, which has become a novel type of nano material widely employed in medicine. This investigation aimed to study the effects of nanomedicine based on Metformin/doxorubicin-bovine serum albumin-hyaluronic acid-carbon dots (Met/DOX-BSA-HA-CD) on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients. First, Met/DOX-BSA-HA-CD was prepared from Met and doxorubicin (DOX) and BSA-HACD solution. 30 PCOS patients accepted by hospital were deemed as experimental group, and 30 healthy married women were taken as controls. Met/DOX-BSA-HA-CD nanomedicine was prepared and applied to the treatment of 30 PCOS patients. The results showed that the average particle size of Met/DOX-BSA-HA-CD was about 120 nm. MMP-9 immunohistochemical H-Score (285.32±36.41 points) of the endometrial glandular epithelium of experimental group was considerably inferior to controls (364.35±26.74 points) (P &lt; 0.05). VEGF level of experimental group (103.25±20.64 pg/mL) was substantially superior to controls (86.32±14.21 pg/mL) (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, serum VEGF level was positively correlated with body mass index (r = 0.236, P &lt; 0.05), and negatively correlated with follicle stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone (FSH/LH) (r =−0.061, P &lt; 0.05). The carbon dots prepared in this study had good light stability. The ratio of nanocarrier to drug: bovine serum albumin-hyaluronic acid-carbon dots:metformin = 4:1 was determined as the feeding ratio, and the embedding rate was 39.8%. The expression of MMP-9 in the endometrial glandular epithelium of PCOS patients was expected to be an indicator of endometrial receptivity. PCOS patients had endocrine disorders and abnormal VEGF levels.

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder: A Population-Based Study of Iranian Women

IntroductionTo date, few studies have investigated the prevalence of sexual pain in the context of the new diagnostic concept of genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder (GPPPD). AimTo evaluate the prevalence of GPPPD and its associated factors. MethodsThis was a population-based, cross-sectional study of 590 healthy married women age 18–70 years conducted between May and October 2017 in Tehran, Iran. Main Outcome MeasuresResearch tools included demographic characteristics checklist, factors affecting GPPPD, sexual distress and self-reporting of pain during intercourse, 2 standard questionnaires on depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9) and Binik’s guideline for the diagnosis of GPPPD. Results196 women (33%) reported pain or fear in answer to self-report questions. Administration of Binik’s guideline yielded a GPPPD prevalence of 16% (n = 94 women); however, this number decreased to 62 women (10.5%) when sexual distress was taken into account; thus, the final prevalence of GPPPD was considered to be 10.5%. However, if the threshold in Binik’s guideline was lowered to also include those reporting “somewhat” pain in addition to the group reporting “moderate” and “quite a bit or always,” then the prevalence of GPPPD increased to 25.8%. The results of backward logistic regression identified a strong aversion to looking at or touching the genitalia (odd ratio [OR] = 4.3), low sexual satisfaction (OR = 3.1), and severe depression (OR = 6.6) as independent risk factors for a diagnosis of GPPPD and secure financial status (OR = 0.3) and a high level of marital satisfaction (OR = 0.2) as protective factors against a diagnosis of GPPPD. Clinical ImplicationsReliable diagnosis of GPPPD is crucial. Application of validated tools may mitigate the overestimation of GPPPD prevalence. Simultaneously, clinicians’ judgment is essential in assessing a reasonable threshold and preventing underestimation that leads to the exclusion of women suffering from pain. Strengths & LimitationsThe present study is one of the few evaluating the prevalence of GPPPD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) definition and Binik’s guideline. The study also aims to point out some new perspectives on merging the 2 concepts of vaginismus and dyspareunia. Study limitations include the evaluation of factors affecting GPPPD based on self-reporting and possible recall bias. ConclusionFurther research is needed to determine the appropriate threshold for a diagnosis of GPPPD. We suggest that a woman with mild to moderate pain or fear of vaginal penetration is under sexual distress and cannot be neglected. In addition, problems may arise following the DSM-5 merging of the 2 disorders of vaginismus and dyspareunia, owing to the significant prevalence and distress of lifelong vaginismus in some cultures.Alizadeh A, Farnam F, Raisi F, et al. Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder: A Population-Based Study of Iranian Women.J Sex Med 2019;16:1068–1077.

A 1-year comparison of TCu380Ag versus TCu380A intrauterine contraceptive devices in India.

To compare TCu380Ag and TCu380A intrauterine contraceptive devices after 1year of use. A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted among healthy married women aged 20-35years who attended the family planning clinics of three tertiary centers in India between August 1, 2015, to March 31, 2018. The TCu380Ag group (n=300) received one of three sizes of this device depending on uterocervical length: maxi (8.0-9.0cm), normal (7.0-8.5cm), or mini (6.0-7.5cm). The remaining 300 participants received TCu380A. Follow-up was conducted at 3-monthly intervals to assess continuation rate, acceptability, efficacy, adverse effects, and complications. The TCu380Ag group had a higher continuation rate than the TCu380A group at 1year (84.0% vs 75.8%; P=0.01), with an efficacy of 99.6% versus 100.0% (P>0.05). Overall estimated continuation rates were 94.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 91.7%-96.4%) and 88.4% (95% CI 83.2%-91.5%), respectively (P=0.026). Use of TCu380Ag was associated with fewer adverse effects (heavy menstrual bleeding, abdominal pain, or expulsion) when compared with TCu380A (P>0.05 for all comparisons). Discontinuation rates owing to adverse effects were 6.59% for TCu380Ag versus 13.26% for TCu380A (P=0.01). Varying sizes of TCu380Ag could provide an alternative to TCu380A.

How Does Obesity, Self-efficacy for Eating Control and Body Image in Women Affect Each Other?

This study evaluates the interaction of obesity, self-efficacy for eating control and body image on each other in women. This is a descriptive analytic study performed on 300 healthy married women. Our sample included three groups of individuals including those with normal, high and very high BMI levels, with 100 consecutive cases in each group; the participants were asked to complete three questionnaires: Demographic Information Questionnaire, Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire (WEL), and Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). A higher BMI level was correlated with older age (r=0.304, p0.001). The WEL score was significantly and inversely correlated with the BMI level (r=-0.817, p0.001) Participants of normal, overweight and obese BMI groups had a mean WEL score of 168.78±9.17, 136.69±22.23 and 68.57±17.55, respectively. All MBSRQ subscale scores were significantly correlated with the BMI level. A higher BMI level is associated with older age, lower weight self-efficacy and higher body image dissatisfaction among women.

Isolation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and assessment for its antiviral effect against herpes simplex virus type II

The prevalence of diverse genital infections among women and their increasing resistance to antibiotics has motivated researchers to study the use of probiotics to prevent and treat them. Samples of vaginal discharge were collected from healthy married women. The types of lactobacilli present were identified by biochemical and molecular testing. The antiviral properties of a culture supernatant of wild species or strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 on the standard strain of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) was evaluated. L. acidophilus culture supernatant significantly decreased the amount of plaque produced by HSV-2 on cells. Similar results were obtained for the standard strain. The inhibitory effect of the wild L. acidophilus did not require the production of H2O2 or H+ ions of the standard strain or an acidic environment. L. acidophilus was able to control HSV-2 without producing H2O2 or H+ ions or acidifying the environment. The inhibitory property of virus is most likely related to production of active metabolites.

The Suffering Experience of Healthy Married Women in Daily Life: Application of Parse's Human Becoming Research Methodology

The Suffering Experience of Healthy Married Women in Daily Life: Application of Parse's Human Becoming Research Methodology

Cardiovascular risk in Egyptian healthy consumers of different types of combined oral contraceptives pills: A comparative study.

This study aimed to evaluate the associated cardiovascular risk in Egyptian healthy consumers of different types of combined oral contraceptives pills (COCPs) via determination of lipids profiles, Castelli index I, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin concentrations as cardiovascular risk factors. In this cross-sectional study, the study groups consisted of control group that represented by 30 healthy married women who were not on any contraceptive mean or any hormonal therapy and had normal menstrual cycles, group two consisted of 30 women who were users of Levonorgesterl 0.15 mg plus Ethinylestradiol 0.03 mg as 21 days cycle, group three consisted of 30 women who were users of Gestodene 0.075 mg plus Ethinylestradiol 0.03 mg as 21 days cycle, and group four consisted of 30 women who were users of Drospirenone 3 mg plus Ethinylestradiol 0.03 mg as 21 days cycle. One-way analysis of variance followed by LSD post hoc test was used for comparison of variables. P value <0.05 was considered to be significant. The comparison of the studied groups revealed that COCPs containing levonorgestrel plus ethinylestradiol resulted in significantly lower adiponectin level, and significantly higher leptin and resistin levels with more atherogenic lipid profile presented by significantly higher LDL-C, significantly lower HDL-C concentrations, and significantly higher atherogenic index. Formulation containing ethinylestradiol combined with gestodene neither altered adipose tissue function nor showed deleterious effect on lipid panel. Formulation containing ethinylestradiol combined with drospirenone resulted in significantly higher HDL-C and adiponectin concentrations. In conclusion, the uptake of COCPs containing levonorgestrel plus ethinylestradiol is associated with high cardiovascular risk since this formulation showed significantly lower adiponectin concentration, significantly higher leptin, resistin, and atherogenic index as compared to other studied groups. By contrast, the formulations containing ethinylestradiol combined with third generation progestin gestodene or fourth generation progestin drospirenone are associated with low cardiovascular risk since they neither altered adipose tissue function nor impaired lipoprotein metabolism as experienced by their favorable effect on leptin, adiponectin, and resistin, with non-changed atherogenic index, higher HDL-C levels and lower LDL-C levels as compared to levonorgestrel plus ethinylestradiol formulation.

Effects of Sexual Function of Essential Hypertensions in Women

Hypertension, one of the increasingly common chronic diseases, is reported to be an important factor in the formation of sexual dysfunction (SD) due to the physiopathological changes it creates in the vascular endothelial structure. The evaluation of the sexual functions of hypertensive women is regarded as a significant consideration in the improvement of women's health and quality of life. This study was carried out in order to identify the sexual functions of essential hypertensive women. The study was an experimental design. 71 essential hypertensive women with no other chronic disease formed the experimental group, whereas randomly selected 85 healthy married women who hadn't had menopause and didn't have any known chronic disease formed the control group. The research data were collected by "Personal Information Forms I-II", and "Female Sexual Function Index". In the study hypertensive women's overall mean score of FSFI was found to be significantly lower than that of healthy women's (p<0.001). 90% of hypertensive women and 41% of healthy women were found to have SD. It was determined that in the women constituting both groups, age increase raises SD occurrence frequency; however, with the increase in education and income level sexual life related problems decrease. It was also determined that increase in body mass index and duration of disorder raise SD occurrence frequency in women. It was concluded that sexual dysfunction is observed in hypertensive women more frequently than healthy women and that essential hypertension affects female sexual functions significantly.

Conception probabilities at different days of menstrual cycle in Chinese women

To investigate the conception probability among Chinese women. Prospective observational study. Clinics in hospitals and family planning institutes in 10 provinces and cities. A total of 851 healthy married women aged 18-35 years with normal menstrual cycles who wish to have babies and with no contraception. Urinary LH was measured around days of expected ovulation for 7 days. The Barrett and Marshall model was used for calculation of conception probabilities on each cycle day from day -5 to day +1 in women with multiple episodes of intercourse. Pregnancies in 1, 3, and >or=6 months. A total of 851 women with 2,055 cycles were analyzed. In 489 cycles there was only one episode of intercourse. A total of 601 pregnancies occurred. The conception probabilities from days in relation to ovulation -5 to +1 for a single episode of intercourse were 0.216, 0.102, 0.236, 0.233, 0.388, 0.293, and 0.386, respectively, and for multiple episodes they were 0.254, 0.271, 0.293, 0.365, 0.315, and 0.284, respectively, with the peak value at day -1. Recalculation of the efficacy of emergency contraception with low-dose mifepristone with the present conception probabilities showed higher efficacy. Conception probabilities among Chinese women are different from those in the literature. Further comparative studies are needed to confirm an ethnic difference.

The Effect of Behçet's Disease on Sexual Function and Psychiatric Status of Premenopausal Women

Little is known about the relationship between Behçet's disease (BD) and female sexual dysfunction (FSD). The aims were to evaluate the prevalence of FSD in premenopausal BD patients and to compare hormonal and psychiatric conditions to healthy subjects. A total of 71 married women with BD and 63 healthy married women between 18 and 44 years old were enrolled into the study. After evaluating detailed history and physical examination, serum steroid hormone levels were measured. Presence of genital ulcerations in physical examination and any medical treatment were recorded in patients. All subjects were asked to complete the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) for sexual status and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for psychiatric assessment. FSFI and BDI scores and serum sex steroid hormone levels were measured in women with BD and healthy controls. The mean BDI score of patients was significantly greater than that for controls (P = 0.001), and there was a statistically significant difference between BDI scores (Pearson chi2 = 19.109, P = 0.001). FSD was found in 34 patients with BD (47.9%) and in 11 controls (17.5%). A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (Pearson chi2 = 13.855, P = 0.001). While the most common sexual problem in the patients with BD was diminished arousal (n = 49, 69.0%), diminished desire was found in 32 patients (45.1%) and lubrication problems in 36 patients (50.7%). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between BDI and FSFI score in BD patients. On the contrary, there was no relationship between FSFI and presence of genital ulcerations. FSD is more common in BD patients than in healthy subjects. We conclude that depressive mood according to the BDI scale correlates with the sexual status of BD patients, and this may be because of the depressive effect of BD as a chronic disease.

Comparison between bioelectrical impedance analysis and body mass index methods in determination of obesity prevalence in Ahvazi women

Obesity has an increasing trend worldwide. Recently, application of body mass index (BMI) cutoff points of obesity classification for all population studies has been questioned. On the other hand, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a safe, accurate, reliable and inexpensive method for screening the overweight and obesity in such studies. There were three objectives followed in this research: to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight in married women using BMI and BIA methods; to evaluate the correlation between these methods; and to compare the women's obesity degrees according to their educational levels. Six hundred and thirty-seven healthy married women 18-40 years aged, who had referred to 14 health centers of the city of Ahvaz (center of Khouzestan province, south-west of Iran) were recruited in a cross-sectional design, and their socio-economic and anthropometric questionnaires were completed by the trained students. Body fat percent (%BF) and body fat mass (BFM) were measured using BIA method. BMI>25 and >30 kg/m(2) were used as criteria for determining the overweight and obese women, respectively. %BF>35% was regarded as cutoff for defining obesity. Mean age+/-s.d. of the women was 26.9+/-5.8 years and majority of them were housewives with secondary educational level. Their BMI, %BF, waist-to-hip ratio, and mid-upper arm circumference means were: 25.9(4.7) kg/m(2), 27.6(7.3)%, 0.75(0.08) and 27.9(3.9) cm, respectively. Central obesity was prevalent in 21.2% of the subjects. Prevalence of obesity determined by BMI and BIA methods was 18.3 and 15.5% and women within normal ranges were detected in 44.7 and 46% of the subjects by these methods, respectively. However, thin (underweight) women were 2.6 and 14.6% of the subjects studied, respectively. About one half of the women were overweight or obese. BMI was statistically correlated with BFM (r=0.86; P<0.0001) and %BF (r=0.77; P<0.0001). Women with higher educational levels had lower body fat percentage and BMI than the other subjects with lower degrees (P<0.05). Obesity and overweight is prevalent in about one-half of the Ahvazian married women and more than one-fifth of the subjects have central obesity. BIA and BMI methods can similarly detect the normal and obese married women but they are different in determining the underweight female subjects. Women with higher educational grades tend to have lower BMI levels.

Influence of weight reduction by sibutramine on female sexual function

It is well known that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can cause sexual dysfunction, so it is possible that sibutramine, a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, could induce sexual dysfunction. The effect of sibutramine on sexual function was evaluated in 46 overweight and obese (body mass index (BMI) > or = 23 kg/m2) but otherwise healthy married women (28-44 years). Participants were randomly assigned at baseline to either the sibutramine or control group. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire was used to assess sexual function at baseline and after treatment with behavioral therapy plus sibutramine 10 mg once daily or behavioral therapy alone (control) for 8 weeks. Mean weight loss from baseline to week 8 was -6.03% in sibutramine group and -0.38% in the control group. There was significant improvement of FSFI total score, arousal domain score and lubrication domain score in the sibutramine group (P<0.05), and significant differences in arousal, orgasm, satisfaction domain score and total score (P<0.05) in favor of sibutramine. Decreases in body weight and BMI were correlated with the improvement of arousal (r = -0.44 and r = -0.48, respectively) and orgasm (r = -0.45 and r = -0.46, respectively) domains. Treatment with sibutramine plus behavioral therapy did not induce sexual dysfunction and sibutramine-induced weight reduction appeared to have a positive impact on sexual function in this small group of overweight and moderately obese women. The degree of improvement in sexual function was correlated with the degree of weight reduction.

The Primary Empty Sella Syndrome

EMPTY sella syndrome occurs when the suprasellar subarachnoid space extends into the sella turcica. The primary syndrome presents in a patient with no prior history of pituitary radiation or surgery,¹is benign, and requires no therapy unless there is progressive visual field loss, rhinorrhea, or an associated microadenoma.²The correct diagnosis is crucial to avoid unnecessary surgical or radiation therapy for a suspected intrasellar tumor. The radiological evaluation has recently improved with the use of intrathecal metrizamide (Amipaque) and computed tomography (CT).^3-5This report presents a case of the primary empty sella syndrome with associated bitemporal visual field defects definitively diagnosed with metrizamide cisternography and correlative CT. Also, the endocrinologic presentation of this syndrome with associated visual field defects is further defined. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 32-year-old, healthy married woman had "floating spots" in her eyes for three years and recent onset of blurring vision. She

Fatty acid composition of serum lipids in wives of men with myocardial infarction.

Abstract Two groups of healthy married women, aged 40–70 years, have been studied to determine the concentrations of major serum lipid fractions and their fatty acid composition. One group consisted of wives of men with recent myocardial infarction, and the other of wives of healthy men. No significant differences were observed in cholesterol, phospholipids, or triglyceride concentrations between the two groups or in the fatty acid composition of these lipid fractions. It has previously been demonstrated that the linoleic acid percentages in the serum lipids of men with myocardial infarction are lower than in healthy men. If dietary factors are responsible for the low linoleic acid percentages in men with myocardial infarction, the reason lies in individual habits rather than in the particular dietary habits of their families.

LIGATION OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY FOR MALIGNANT RECURRENT HEMORRHAGE OF THE VITREOUS.

The object of this communication is to bring before this Section the subject of ligation of the carotid for the relief of a disease other than the vascular tumors of the orbit and lid in which this procedure is commonly employed. I refer to the rather infrequent cases of malignant, recurring vitreous hemorrhage. The following example came under my observation a little over a year ago: Patient. —B. K., 51, a healthy married woman of German birth. History. —On the morning of Jan. 18, 1906, the patient noticed that the vision of her left eye was somewhat blurred. On the following day she applied for treatment at the Carney Hospital. Her family and previous history were negative. There was no evidence of hemophilia or of syphilis. There had never, to her knowledge, been any disease in her family and, as far as she knew, her eyes had always been normal.