Healthy Indonesian Research Articles

The Policy of Islamic Religious Education in Indonesia during the New Order Era (1966-1998)

During the New Order era, Islamic education in Indonesia experienced significant growth and advancement in both quantity and quality compared to the preceding period. The New Order government had distinct characteristics in its administration of Islamic education by making it mandatory at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of schooling. Additionally, Islamic educational institutions, such as madrasahs and pesantrens, began to gain recognition. These institutions received attention for the provision of facilities that met government standards. Islamic education held a recognized position on par with other forms of education at a national level. The development of the education sector was rooted in the country’s philosophy of Pancasila, aiming to shape individuals as Pancasila-oriented agents of development. The goal was to nurture physically and spiritually healthy Indonesians, equipped with knowledge and skills. Therefore, these individuals were expected to have the capability of fostering creativity and responsibility, cultivating a democratic attitude and tolerance, developing high intelligence alongside noble character, and nurturing love for the nation and fellow humans, as outlined in the 1945 Constitution.

Detection of The Virus and Antibodies of SARS-Cov-2 from Healthy Indonesian Volunteers In 2020: Analysis Using Qualitative and Quantitative Methods

Individuals with COVID-19 and no symptoms, known as asymptomatic carriers, are found mostly in the community. Testing is very important to help reduce the spread of COVID-19. This study aimed to detect virus and antibodies of SARSCoV-2 in healthy Indonesian volunteers. In September 2020, 45 healthy volunteers participated were taken nasopharyngeal/ oropharyngeal swabs to detect the virus SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR, and blood samples to detect antibodies qualitatively by three rapid tests (Vazyme, Clugene, and RIGHA kits) and quantitatively by ELISA tests. Among healthy volunteers, COVID-19 asymptomatic carriers who have RT-PCR positive were 16% (7/45) with average of Ct 36.14. The seroprevalence of total SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgM and/or IgG) in RT-PCR positivity (asymptomatic carriers) detected by vazyme, clugene and RIGHA kits was 86%, 76% and 52%, respectively and was higher than the negative group (34, 21 and 24%). SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers in the group that were positive for IgM and/or IgG (detected in at least one rapid test) by ELISA was averaged 109.76 ± 114.14 BAU/ml and significantly higher in negative group with titer of 11.45 ± 9.87 BAU/ ml. High titer of SARS-CoV-2 IgG anti-RBD antibodies was resulted in consistent positive in three rapid tests (vazyme, clugene, and RIGHA) compared to lower titer. Our findings suggest that healthy individuals with virus and/or antibodies of SARS-CoV-2 may have been infected recently or in the past. Antibody-positive results detected in healthy volunteers by three rapid tests were more common in asymptomatic carriers, and had higher titer antibody

An assessment of mental health programs at community health centers in north Minahasa, Indonesia

Background: The Indonesian government recognizes the importance of mental health issues as indicated by the inclusion of such issues as indicators in the national program, the Healthy Indonesian Program with Family Approach (PIS-PK). This program is enforced in community health centers (puskesmas) in every regency in the country. However, the continually increasing number of mental disorder cases and the intense stigmatization of people with these disorders indicate the need to re-evaluate the capacity and delivery of designated centers’ mental health programs.Methods: This community survey involved interviewing the program directors of four community health centers in north Minahasa using the WHO-AIMS 2.2 questionnaire.Results: Very little effort has been made to improve mental health facilities and programs. Examples of aspects of health facilities that are lacking include training for health workers, the provision of psychotropic drugs, and supported employment or occupational rehabilitation.Conclusions: Community health centers are primary healthcare facilities for society. Therefore, mental health services should be implemented as one of their main programs.

Public Perception of Healthy Indonesian Card Services in Wonosari Hamlet, Klantingsari Village, Tarik District, Sidoarjo Regency

Health is the right of anyone who is an Indonesian citizen. This has been regulated in Indonesian laws and regulations. Therefore, the government as the representative and implementer of state policies must be able to create a healthy and prosperous society. In this case, the government is aiming for a program called KIS. The Healthy Indonesia Card or commonly referred to as KIS is the identity card of the participants of the National Health Insurance which is managed by the Health Social Security Administering Body. In the service of the Healthy Indonesia Card program, the community has been served well and in accordance with established regulatory procedures. The purpose of this study was to determine the public's perception of the Healthy Indonesia Card service in Wonosari hamlet, Klantingsari village, Tarik sub-district, Sidoarjo district. The method used in this research is qualitative. The subjects in this study were the people of the Wonosari hamlet. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis and data interpretation techniques used are in accordance with the Miles and Hubermen concept, namely data reduction, data presentation and data verification. The results obtained in this study are that the public perception of KIS services in Wonosari hamlet, Klantingsari village shows a good perception. The community is very enthusiastic and feels very helped by the Healthy Indonesia Card program.

Descriptive Study of Optimizing Family Health Functions in Preventing COVID 19 Transmission

COVID 19 has become a world health problem, and Indonesia has declared an emergency status for an outbreak. To prevent transmission of COVID 19, the government has set three policies that are increasing the availability and reliability of infrastructure, involving the industrial world and social education. However, COVID 19 transmission still occurs. Preparedness for COVID 19 transmission starts with the family as a minor system in the community. The Healthy Indonesian Program with a Family Approach is considered an excellent effort to carry out health functions to prevent COVID 19 transmission. This study aimed to optimize family functions in preventing COVID 19 transmission. This study used a descriptive-analytic design. Two hundred and fifty-eight samples were recruited using a consecutive sampling technique. To measure family function using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (i.e., frequency statistics). The frequency statistics showed that most of the respondents have optimally performed family functions in the health sector. Most of the respondents understand COVID 19 (88,4%), they are capable of making decisions (96,9%), they can care for the family (88,8%), they can modify the environment (75,2%), and they can take advantage of health services (81%). This study only captures the extent to which the family optimally performs health functions; it does not provide any form of intervention. The results of this study prove that the family has an important role to play in breaking the transmission of COVID 19.

Culture And Community Partnership Approach to Making a Healthy Indonesian Society (GERMAS) With The Helix Method

GERMAS is a movement with the aim of improving people's healthy life and leaving unhealthy habits and behavior of society. One of the areas that become national priorities based on the Decree of the Minister of Villages for Disadvantaged Areas and Trans-Migration of the Republic of Indonesia Number 126 of 2017 concerning the determination of priority villages for village development targets, development of underdeveloped areas and transmigration, including the Village Assistance of Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan Problems in the health sector in Banjar Regency can be seen from the Health Profile Data for Banjar Regency in 2017 which shows the incidence of infectious and non-communicable diseases that are still experienced by many people in Banjar Regency such as ISPA, Hypertension, Rheumatism, Gastritis, Duodenitis, Diarrhea, Dermatitis and Pulmonary TB. One of the concepts that can be used in the implementation of the GERMAS action program is the concept of a partnership with an approach to religious figures, educational institutions, society, and the media. This study uses a quantitative descriptive-analytical design with a quantitative descriptive survey method with a random sampling technique. By using the instrument used in this study is a questionnaire sheet. Based on the research results obtained as follows: knowledge level as much as 53%, physical activity 70%, eating fruit and vegetable foods 75%, alcohol consumption 56%, health checks 15%, environmental hygiene 45%, using a latrine 23%, use of media as much as 80% and social activities as much as 80%. The results of this study hope that the people of Desa Pembantanan will implement a community movement for healthy living which includes 4 indicators, namely increasing knowledge, not drinking alcohol, environmental hygiene, and not using latrines, so that they can avoid health problems from non-communicable diseases.

Effect of Supplementation of Zinc, Glutamine, Fiber, and Prebiotics in Presumed Healthy Indonesian Children Aged 1-3 Years.

PurposeImpaired intestinal mucosal integrity may affect the gastrointestinal function, especially in relation to nutrition, absorption, and barrier function. The purpose of this study was to measure the prevalence of impaired intestinal mucosal integrity in presumed healthy children aged 1–3 years and assess the effects of zinc, glutamine, fiber, and prebiotic supplementation in them.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 200 children aged 1–3 years in Pasar Minggu, South Jakarta, Indonesia. A randomized double-blind parallel group method clinical trial was then performed to assess the effects of zinc, glutamine, fiber, and prebiotic supplementation.ResultsElevated calprotectin was found in 91/200 subjects (45.5%) at the onset of the study. After 10 months, 144 subjects completed the study: 72 subjects received the trial formula, whereas the other 72 received the standard formula. A transitory decrease in fecal calprotectin (FC) was observed after 6 months in the subgroup with normal FC levels, who were fed the test formula (p=0.012).ConclusionThe prevalence of impaired intestinal mucosal integrity in this group of Indonesian children aged 1–3 years was high. Supplementation with zinc, glutamine, fiber, and prebiotics during 6 months reduced FC only in those who had low levels at baseline but not in those with impaired integrity.

Association of <i>FTO</i> rs9939609 and <i>CD36</i> rs1761667 with Visceral Obesity

In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight; of which, over 650 million of adults were obese. Genetics and lifestyle play important roles in the development of obesity. Studies have shown that genetic variants contribute in developing obesity; such as FTO and CD36, which regulate metabolism and food preferences. Many researches have also emphasized the importance of lifestyle in obesity prevention. However, the interactions of both factors were still underexplored. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the interaction between FTO-CD36 variants and fat consumption on the metabolic status of healthy Indonesians. Twenty-one females and seventeen males were involved in this cross-sectional study. CD36 rs1761667 and FTO rs9939609 genotypes were identified from blood samples using PCR-RFLP. Data were compared with dietary patterns (24-h food recall), physical activities (IPAQ), medical records, and body compositions (InBody720). Results: CD36 rs1761667 AA and AG group showed higher -but not significant- fat consumption, WHR, and VFA compared to GG. The trend persisted after gender and physical activity adjustment. Meanwhile, FTO rs9939609 AT group showed significant higher WC, WHR and VFA in male subjects after gender and energy balance adjustment: WC (TT: 74.40±3.85, AT: 85.50±5.92, p=0.011), WHR (TT: 0.85±0.02, AT: 0.92±0.04, p=0.010), and VFA (TT: 48.65±10.61, AT: 78.48±15.18, p=0.010). CD36 rs1761667 might be correlated with higher fat consumption and visceral obesity; while FTO rs9939609 showed a significant association with male visceral obesity. These results indicates that both genetic variants were potential as visceral obesity markers.

Implementation of E-Prokesmas Information Systems on Community Health monitoring in Jembrana Regency, Bali

.

Analisis Determinan Kejadian Berat Bayi Lahir Rendah (BBLR) di RSUD Tani dan Nelayan

Low Birth Weight (LBW) has a contribution to infant mortalityespecially during perinatal period. According to the World HealthOrganization (WHO), there are 15.5% or 20.6 million babies born withBirth Weight (LBW) every year, and 96.5% are in developing countries.Nationally, the target of LBW that is set at the target of NutritionImprovement Program toward Healthy Indonesian is 7% maximum. Thisresearch is an analytic quantitative research using cross sectional studydesign. The study was conducted in March - April 2017. The instrumentused a questionnaire sheet. The sample in this study as many as 137respondents taken by purposive sampling. Hypothesis testing using chisquare test. The statistical test of chi square test showed a significantrelationship between mother education (ᴩ = 0,000 <0,05), mother parity(ᴩ = 0,000 <0,05), and antenatal care (ANC) (ᴩ = 0,000 <0,05) with theincidence of LBW in Regional Public Hospital (RPH) Tani dan Nelayan inBoalemo District of Gorontalo Province. Maternal, parity and antenatalcare (ANC) education is the determinant factor of Low Birth Weight (LBW)occurrence at Regional Public Hospital (RPH) Tani dan Nelayan inBoalemo District of Gorontalo Province in 2017. It is expected that theactive role of health personnel in providing information and education tothe community related to maternal and child health through theimprovement of integrated health services post and pregnancyexamination.

Determination of Uroflowmetry Nomograms in Healthy Indonesian Children Aged 5 to 15 Years Old in Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung

Background: Uroflowmetry is a simple, non-invasive, feasible examination. The standard reference for uroflowmetric nomogram today is still under debate. The normal value of uroflowmetry on children is highly varied in each country, there is has not been any reference to use for normal value of uroflowmetry on children in Indonesia. We aimed to establish uroflowmetry nomograms for healthy Indonesia children in Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung based on healthy children uroflowmetry examination between 5 to 15 years of age. Methods: A total of 302 uroflowmetry examination were performed on healthy Indonesian children with no history of a renal, urological, or neurological disorder between the ages 5 and 15 years old. The voided volume, the maximum and average urinary flow rates were analyzed using statistical software. Linear regression analysis was used to generate nomograms. Result: Uroflowmetric parameters increased with increasing age, with the effect being more pronounced in girls. There were 2 groups, with group 1 consisting of patients 5 to 10 years old and group 2 consisting of patients 11 to 15 years old. There were 76 boys and 76 girls in group 1 and 75 boys and 75 girls in group 2. In group 1 the maximum and average flow rates were 15.07 ± 6.66 (ml/sec) and 9.29 ± 3.61 (ml/sec) for boys, and 15.23 ± 6.15 (ml/sec) and 9.43 ± 3.29 (ml/sec) respectively, for girls. In group 2 these rates were 16.14 ± 5.06 (ml/sec) and 9.77 ± 3.74 (ml/sec) for boys and 19.38 ± 7.15 (ml/sec) and 11.21 ± 3.41 (ml/sec) respectively, for girls. When comparing uroflow parameters between boys and girls, significantly higher values were obtained in girls regarding Voided volume (p<0.001), Qmax (p<0.001) and Qavg (p<0.001). Conclusion: Nomograms are important tools to asses the lower urinary tract abnormalities and to evaluate response of either surgical or medical therapy in children. Uroflowmetry is a simple, cost effective and noninvasive. This study provides uroflow parameters for mean maximum flow rate for healthy Indonesian healthy children aged 5 to 15 years old (boys and girls) in Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung and will hopefully promote wider application of uroflowmetry testing in the pediatric population.

E-Government Integration through Implementation of web-based GIS on Community Health monitoring in Jembrana Regency, Bali

To achieved the goal of Healthy Indonesia, The Minister of Health, Republic of Indonesia issued a ministerial regulation, about Guidelines For The Program Of Healthy Indonesian Programs with Family Approach, and in the Ministerial Regulation states that Implementation of Healthy Indonesia Program with Family Approach implemented by Puskesmas (Community Health Centers), to support the achievement of a Healthy Indonesia goal which is mandated to the puskesmas, it is necessary to integrate it into the Blueprint for e-Government implementation in Jembrana Regency. Through implementation of E-Prokesmas, Head of Central Community Center and also Regency Health Office can monitor the achievement of healthy family in its working area, according to health indicators as government requirements on web-based GIS dashboard. The information displayed in E-Prokesmas not only display the health level status of the community (percentage of the healthy population, number of pre-healthy percentage and number of newborn mothers), but it can also be a source of information for officer action in conducting health monitoring of sick members in the residential district.

Periodontal inflamed surface area and C-reactive protein as predictors of HbA1c: a study in Indonesia

Periodontitis may exert an infectious and inflammatory burden, evidenced by increased C-reactive protein (CRP). This burden may impair blood glucose control (HbA1c). The aim of our study was to analyze whether periodontitis severity as measured with the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) and CRP predict HbA1c levels in a group of healthy Indonesians and a group of Indonesians treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). A full-mouth periodontal examination, including probing pocket depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment loss, plaque index and bleeding on probing, was performed in 132 healthy Indonesians and 101 Indonesians treated for DM2. Using these data, PISA was calculated. In addition, HbA1c and CRP were analyzed. A validated questionnaire was used to assess smoking, body mass index (BMI), education and medical conditions. In regression analyses, it was assessed whether periodontitis severity and CRP predict HbA1c, controlling for confounding and effect modification (i.e., age, sex, BMI, pack years, and education). In healthy Indonesians, PISA and CRP predicted HbA1c as did age, sex, and smoking. In Indonesians treated for DM2, PISA did not predict HbA1c. Periodontitis may impair blood glucose regulation in healthy Indonesians in conjunction with elevated CRP levels. The potential effect of periodontitis on glucose control in DM2 patients may be masked by DM2 treatment. Clinical relevance: periodontitis may impair blood glucose control through exerting an inflammatory and infectious burden evidenced by increased levels of CRP.

Healthy adults maximum oxygen uptake prediction from a six minute walking test

Background: A parameter is needed in medical activities or services to determine functional capacity. This study is aimed to produce functional capacity parameter for Indonesian adult as maximum O2. Methods: This study used 123 Indonesian healthy adult subjects (58 males and 65 females) with a sedentary lifestyle, using a cross-sectional method. Results: Designed by using the followings: distance, body height, body weight, sex, age, maximum heart rate of six minute walking test and lung capacity (FEV and FVC), the study revealed a good correlation (except body weight) with maximum O2. Three new formulas were proposed, which consisted of eight, six, and five variable respectively. Test of the new formula gave result of maximum O2 that is relevant to the golden standard maximum O2 using Cosmed® C-Pex. Conclusion: The Nury formula is the appropriate predictor of maximum oxygen uptake for healthy Indonesians adult as it is designed using Indonesian subjects (Mongoloid) compared to the Cahalin’s formula (Caucasian). The Nury formula which consists of five variables is more applicable because it does not require any measurement tools neither specific competency.

Spatial Representation, Modified by Ecology

Performance with the Kohs Block Design and Face Drawing Tests were assessed in two ecologically distinct groups of healthy Indonesians: 196 urbanized subjects and 130 near "hunter-gatherers" (Dani and Asmat from inland West New Guinea). Analysis of subjects' error patterns on the block design construction tasks revealed disproportionally and significantly higher percentages of "nonrandom" configuration-preserving errors by Dani and Asmat subjects (22.18%) than by urbanized subjects, whose errors were fewer but significantly more random and unrelated to the target design. Relations, ratios, and orientation among features within a design pattern tended to be neglected by the Dani and Asmat but rarely by the urbanized subjects (9.78%). On the face drawing task, 81% of Asmat and Dani subjects drew schematized versions (the "neolithic" face pattern), whereas only 39% of urbanized subjects did so. Results suggest that the impact of ecological context on neuropsychologic functioning is profound, influencing even basic visuospatial cognitive processing.

Physiologisch- und pathologisch-chemische untersuchungen in indonesien: I. Serum-standardwerte

A first series of serum tests was made on clinically healthy Indonesians. As compared with values obtained in European and American sera, Indonesian sera were found to have markedly lower Na content, somewhat less markedly lower lipid phosphorus content, while total protein, globulin, neutral fat and fatty acid values were higher. Residual nitrogen, urea, potassium, chloride, total cholesterol and haemoglobin tests disclosed no difference between the two types of sera. Further tests are in progress.