Health Care Insurance Program Research Articles

What Every Colorectal Surgeon Should Know About the Updated Medicare Access and Children's Healthcare Insurance Program Reauthorization Act and the Merit-Based Incentive Program System Legislation.

What Every Colorectal Surgeon Should Know About the Updated Medicare Access and Children's Healthcare Insurance Program Reauthorization Act and the Merit-Based Incentive Program System Legislation.

Healthcare insurance fraud detection using data mining

BackgroundHealthcare programs and insurance initiatives play a crucial role in ensuring that people have access to medical care. There are many benefits of healthcare insurance programs but fraud in healthcare continues to be a significant challenge in the insurance industry. Healthcare insurance fraud detection faces challenges from evolving and sophisticated fraud schemes that adapt to detection methods. Analyzing extensive healthcare data is hindered by complexity, data quality issues, and the need for real-time detection, while privacy concerns and false positives pose additional hurdles. The lack of standardization in coding and limited resources further complicate efforts to address fraudulent activities effectively.MethodolgyIn this study, a fraud detection methodology is presented that utilizes association rule mining augmented with unsupervised learning techniques to detect healthcare insurance fraud. Dataset from the Centres for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) 2008-2010 DE-SynPUF is used for analysis. The proposed methodology works in two stages. First, association rule mining is used to extract frequent rules from the transactions based on patient, service and service provider features. Second, the extracted rules are passed to unsupervised classifiers, such as IF, CBLOF, ECOD, and OCSVM, to identify fraudulent activity.ResultsDescriptive analysis shows patterns and trends in the data revealing interesting relationship among diagnosis codes, procedure codes and the physicians. The baseline anomaly detection algorithms generated results in 902.24 seconds. Another experiment retrieved frequent rules using association rule mining with apriori algorithm combined with unsupervised techniques in 868.18 seconds. The silhouette scoring method calculated the efficacy of four different anomaly detection techniques showing CBLOF with highest score of 0.114 followed by isolation forest with the score of 0.103. The ECOD and OCSVM techniques have lower scores of 0.063 and 0.060, respectively.ConclusionThe proposed methodology enhances healthcare insurance fraud detection by using association rule mining for pattern discovery and unsupervised classifiers for effective anomaly detection.

SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE ADMINISTRATION BODY PARTICIPANTS’ SATISFACTION ON DECISION TO USE MOBILE APPLICATION

Mobile JKN is an application developed by Social Health Insurance Administration Body to provide easy access to information about the National Healthcare Insurance Program (JKN Program). The number of participants in the Social Security Agency on Health (BPJS Health) has almost reached 250 million people. The government must manage public services so Social Security Agency on Health participants can access health facilities conveniently. The study aims to analyze the Social Security Agency on Health participants’ satisfaction with the decision to use the Mobile JKN application using the Expectancy Disconfirmation Model (EDM). EDM described how perceived expectations and performance influence public satisfaction. The study method is quantitative, with the study unit being Social Security Agency on Health participants and locus in Bogor. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), a multivariate data analysis technique, was used in this study to examine the data and assess the intricate relationships between the constructs and indicators. The data processing technique uses SmartPLS. The finding shows that using the mobile JKN application has positively impacted user satisfaction. The Social Security Agency on Health participants were satisfied after utilizing the Mobile JKN application to access healthcare services.

The Mediated Impact of Health Care Insurance Inclusion Between Hospital Management and Operation Efficiency in Saudi Arabia

The healthcare scene in Saudi Arabia has been experiencing notable changes, characterised by an increasing focus on enhancing the quality and availability of medical services. Given the significant role that hospitals play in the provision of healthcare services, it is essential to comprehend the interplay between management strategies and operational efficiency. In a country without fixed and implanted national health care insurance program, like KSA, it is a challenge to modify the weak existed program to a big project of national health care insurance program. This inclusion despite making high beneficial for health care of the human but making high challenge for health care management and could affect the Management Efficiency which was almost affected by different variables like Management Staff Satisfaction. Facilities Availability, Management Cost Reduction and Patient Safety Improvement Plan Healthcare providers had to have compensatory shift that healthcare administrator had to provide after healthcare insurance changes. This study will benefits hospital management practises on operational efficiency results, using well-established theories of organisational management and healthcare economics. Furthermore, the research investigates the degree to which the existence of health care insurance coverage acts as a mediator in this association. The presence of health care insurance plays a pivotal role in shaping patients' ability to get medical services and has the potential to influence the efficacy of hospital management approaches. In order to accomplish these aims, quantitative research have been used. Quantitative data is collected by means of surveys and archive hospital performance measures, derived from interviews and focus group discussions conducted with important players within the healthcare sector of Saudi Arabia.

Factors affecting the Health Care Insurance Inclusion and Saudi Hospital Management Operation Efficiency

The Saudi healthcare scene has seen significant changes, with an increased emphasis on improving the quality and availability of medical treatments. Given the critical role that hospitals play in the delivery of healthcare services, it is critical to understand the relationship between management strategies and operational efficiency. It is difficult to transform a weak existing program into a large project of national health care insurance in a country that lacks a stable and implanted national health care insurance program, such as KSA. This inclusion, while highly helpful for human health care, poses a significant challenge for health care management and may have an impact on Management Efficiency, which is heavily influenced by variables such as Management Staff Satisfaction. Plan for Facility Availability, Management Cost Reduction, and Patient Safety Improvement After healthcare insurance reforms, healthcare professionals were required to have compensatory shifts, which healthcare administrators were required to supply. Using well-established theories of organizational management and healthcare economics, this study will enhance hospital management practices in terms of operational efficiency results. Furthermore, the study looks into the extent to which the availability of health insurance functions as a moderator in this relationship. The availability of health care insurance influences patients' ability to obtain medical services and has the potential to influence the efficacy of hospital management practices. Quantitative research was employed to achieve these objectives. Quantitative data is gathered through surveys and historical hospital performance metrics derived from interviews and focus group conversations with key players in Saudi Arabia's healthcare system.

Access to Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant in Canada for Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant is a complicated intervention only offered in specialized centers. Access to transplants may vary based on the location of primary residence, income levels, age, and reported race or ethnicity. Using data from the Canadian Institute of Health (CIH) Discharge abstract database (DAD), all non-Quebec Canadians under the age of 65 with a diagnosis of AML between 2004 and 2015 were included in this study. Descriptive statistics were produced for the variables of interest: time period, age, sex, rurality, transplant status, proportion of visible minorities, proportion identifying as indigenous, and proportion of low-income families. Transplant rates were compared and reported using univariable and multivariable analysis. In multivariable analysis, time period, province of residence, gender, and age were significantly associated with the receipt of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. However, differences in transplant rates observed in indigenous patients, low-income families, and visible minorities were not found to be statistically significant. In non-Quebec Canada, transplant rates vary significantly with province of residence, with the highest rates recorded in Alberta. Contrary to findings previously reported in studies exploring access to transplant in the United States, a low-income level was not associated with lower rates of transplants. This might suggest that Canada’s universal health care insurance program is protective against socioeconomic barriers that impact access to health care services.

Learning Insurance Benefit Rules from Policy Texts with Small Labeled Data.

To protect vital health program funds from being paid out on services that are wasteful and inconsistent with medical practices, government healthcare insurance programs need to validate the integrity of claims submitted by providers for reimbursement. However, due the complexity of healthcare billing policies and the lack of coded rules, maintaining "integrity" is a labor-intensive task, often narrow-scope and expensive. We propose an approach that combines deep learning and an ontology to support the extraction of actionable knowledge on benefit rules from regulatory healthcare policy text. We demonstrate its feasibility even in the presence of small ground truth labeled data provided by policy investigators. Leveraging deep learning and rich ontological information enables the system to learn from human corrections and capture better benefit rules from policy text, beyond just using a deterministic approach based on pre-defined textual and semantic pattterns.

Hal, do I have memory problems? A pilot study investigating a voice recognition cognitive screening tool for detection of neuropsychological changes

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of mild, age‐advanced changes in cognition, defined as mild cognitive impairment, is spiking as the baby boomer population ages. Early and accurate detection of age‐advanced changes in thinking abilities leads to proper care, efficient use of resources, and promotion of research. Indeed, government based health care systems and insurance programs incentivize routine neurocognitive assessment. Brief, paper and pencil cognitive screeners such as the MMSE and MOCA are widely utilized in clinical settings. Such screeners lack sensitivity to subtle cognitive change and specificity related to the cause of decline. Moreover, administration and interpretation of these screeners is time consuming in a busy, clinical setting. Prior research has determined that electronic‐based testing is effective in detecting cognitive change (Zygouris & Tsolaki, 2014). This pilot study aimed to investigate a convenient, platform agnostic, voice‐recognition screening tool for detection of mild, age‐advanced neurocognitive problems.MethodParticipants (n=16) were recruited from a large community‐based neurology practice, who underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological (NP) evaluation as part of their standard of care. Participants were administered an auditory list learning/recall test and a verbal fluency test (F/A/S and animals) via a voice recognition cognitive screening tool. Pearson correlations were conducted to examine the concurrent validity between the standard NP measures and those obtained using the current screening tool.ResultPreliminary data suggests a positive correlation between standard NP measures and those obtained using voice recording and speech recognition technologies; language: F/A/S (r = .716, p < .005), animals (r .810, p < .005); memory: delayed recall (r = .515, p < .05).ConclusionThis pilot study demonstrated concurrent validity between standard NP measures of memory and verbal fluency and those obtained using a novel, voice recording and speech recognition screening tool. These initial data provide support for the efficacy of a computerized based screening tool for older adults. Such a screening too has the potential to maximize utilization across multiple settings (e.g., medical office, hospital, in‐home) and improve early detection of cognitive decline.

Analysis of Health Care Billing via Quantile Variable Selection Models.

Fraudulent billing of health care insurance programs such as Medicare is in the billions of dollars. The extent of such overpayments remains an issue despite the emerging use of analytical methods for fraud detection. This motivates policy makers to also be interested in the provider billing characteristics and understand the common factors that drive conservative and/or aggressive behavior. Statistical approaches to tackling this problem are confronted by the asymmetric and/or leptokurtic distributions of billing data. This paper is a first attempt at using a quantile regression framework and a variable selection approach for medical billing analysis. The proposed method addresses the varying impacts of (potentially different) variables at the different quantiles of the billing aggressiveness distribution. We use the mammography procedure to showcase our analysis and offer recommendations on fraud detection.

Healthcare access barriers for FARC ex-combatants in Colombia: qualitative perspectives from healthcare providers and FARC health promoters

BackgroundFollowing the 2016 Peace Agreement with the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC), Colombia promised to reincorporate more than 13,000 guerrilla fighters into its healthcare system. Despite a subsidized healthcare insurance program and the establishment of 24 Espacios Territoriales de Capacitación y Reincorporación (ETCRs—Territorial Spaces for Training and Reintegration) to facilitate this transition, data has shown that FARC ex-combatants access care at disproportionately lower rates, and face barriers to healthcare services.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with FARC health promoters and healthcare providers working in ETCRs to determine healthcare access barriers for FARC ex-combatants. Analysis was completed with a qualitative team-based coding method and barriers were categorized according to Julio Frenk’s Domains of Healthcare Access framework.ResultsAmong 32 participants, 25 were healthcare providers and 7 self-identified as FARC health promoters. The sample was majority female (71.9%) and worked with the FARC for an average of 12 months in hospital, health center, medical brigade, and ETCR settings. Our sample had experiences with FARC across 16 ETCRs in 13 Departments of Colombia. Participants identified a total of 141 healthcare access barriers affecting FARC ex-combatants, which affected healthcare needs, desires, seeking, initiation and continuation. Significant barriers were related to a lack of resources in rural areas, limited knowledge of the Colombian health system, the health insurance program, perceived stigma, and transition process from the FARC health system.ConclusionsFARC ex-combatants face significant healthcare access barriers, some of which are unique from other low-resource populations in Colombia. Potential solutions to these barriers included health insurance provider partnerships with health centers close to ETCRs, and training and contracting FARC health promoters to be primary healthcare providers in ETCRs. Future studies are needed to quantify the healthcare barriers affecting FARC ex-combatants, in order to implement targeted interventions to improve healthcare access.

Health Coverage Across the Globe:A Contemporary Scenario

Context: Health was declared as fundamental human right by WHO constitution of 1948. The major key role playing factor in HAQ rankings is the universal health care programme and health schemes which are initiated and ran by the government. Health care provision is incredibly complex and many nations around the world spend considerable resources trying to provide it. Developed countries have their own insurance scheme which benefits its population and meets their health care needs. No uniform one-size-fits- all operational model exists when it comes to the successful implementation of a scheme. For instance, multinational insurers who are successful in one country have met failure in other countries. Developing country like India must try to improve their health care system by following certain initiatives incorporated by other countries. Low income countries like Africa and Nepal need to take extra measure to improve health insurance program and to provide quality care to their people. It is evident that there are an enormous number of ways that health care insurance programs vary around the world. There is a need to identify the characteristics of the most effective systems and the most equitable ones which could serve as a framework by all countries.

The DNA of a Testing Scam.

Federal agents raided a number of genetic testing laboratories in September 2019, resulting in 35 people being charged with fraudulent genetic testing associated with an estimated $2.1 billion in losses to federal healthcare insurance programs. The scams work in several ways. In some cases, an older adult is contacted by a customer service representative of the testing laboratory and told that Medicare pays for the genetic testing ordered, based on a simple cheek swab sample. This occurs when representatives of the testing laboratory have "arrangements" with providers who order the tests, often without the provider examining the patient. These providers may receive financial payment or other gifts for their efforts.

Healthcare Financing: European Experience and Russian Practice

The subject of the research is healthcare financing systems in European countries and Russia. The relevance of the problem stems from the possibility of using successful foreign experience for the organization of healthcare financing in Russia. The purpose of the research was to examine the specific features of the establishing and funding healthcare models in countries of Europe and the possibilities of their experience in organizing healthcare financing in the Russian Federation. The paper examines the current state of the two models of health financing in the EU — budget funding and insurance. By the example of individual European countries, the operation specifics of each model are analyzed, their advantages and disadvantages are assessed. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of the healthcare financing system in Russia and its difference from foreign systems. Taking into account the foreign experience and the need to improve the Russian compulsory healthcare insurance (CHI) system, the paper proposes ways to improve the Russian model of healthcare financing: establishment of a unified organizational and financial CHI model; introduction of a system of equal participation of the employer and employee in the financing of compulsory healthcare insurance; introduction of a family insurance system; promotion of voluntary healthcare insurance programs. It is concluded that the keypoint in the CHI system restructuring should be the search for socially acceptable and economically justified forms of attracting public funds. At the same time, it is extremely important that the funds received by medical institutions do not increase the shadow incomes in the economy but are spent on the development of the healthcare system.

Provincial Disparities in Access to Allogeneic Transplant in Canada

Access to Allogeneic Transplant in Canada:A Canadian Blood and Marrow Transplant Group/Canadian National Transplant Research Program StudyIntroduction: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (aHSCT) is a potentially curative treatment for patients with blood cancers and disorders of blood/immune system, but due to the complexity of the procedure, is only offered in a limited number of medical centres. Many barriers might exist that prevent patients from receiving an aHSCT, including physical and social geographic barriers. We sought to understand how access patterns to aHSCT varied across Canada, a country with a government-funded universal health care system.Methods: The Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) is a national record of all hospital admissions in all Canadian provinces other than Quebec. We identified all Canadians under the age of 65 admitted to hospital in provinces other than Quebec with a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) between 2004 and 2015, using the CIHI DAD and ICD-9 diagnosis codes for AML. We determined which of these patients subsequently were admitted to hospital for an aHSCT, using ICD-9 procedure and diagnosis codes for AML. Residence at the time of admission with AML was identified using their forward sorting area (FSA) component of the postal code. Socio-demographic attributes of the FSAs were identified using data from the 2006 Canadian Census, including whether the FSA was rural or urban, the proportion of the population that was a visible minority, aboriginal, or low income after tax . Logistic regression was used to investigate potential associations between these factors and the odds of receiving a transplant. Two sensitivity analyses were conducted (age less than 18 at time of diagnosis, and age between 18 and 65 at the time of diagnosis).Results: 6119 non-Quebec Canadians were admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of AML between 2004 and 2015. Of these, 1745 (28.5%) received aHSCT. Several variables were significantly associated with receiving a transplant in univariable analyses (Table 1; time period, province of residence, gender, age, and proportion of low income families), but after accounting for other variables in the model, only time period, province of residence, gender, and age remained significantly associated. In the pediatric subgroup, similar results were seen, except province of residence and gender were not significant. The results of the adult sensitivity analysis were identical to the main cohort, with province of residence, time period, gender, and age predictive of receiving a aHSCT.Discussion: In contrast to previous studies done in the United States with similar methodology, in non-Quebec Canada, low income level was not associated with inferior access to aHSCT. This might suggest that Canada's universal health care insurance program is protective against socioeconomic barriers. In addition, in contrast to previous studies, rural location was not associated with the odds of receiving a transplant, and reassuringly, the proportion identifying as aboriginal was not significantly associated with the odds of receiving a transplant.Dramatic differences were seen in aHSCT rates by province, with residents of Alberta (third largest province in this cohort) diagnosed with AML more than twice as likely to receive an aHSCT compared to residents of Ontario, the most populous province in Canada (OR 0.45, p < 0.01). The reasons for this are unclear, but likely include practice patterns at the leukemia/transplant sites, center resources, and provincial health care budgets. Notably, the province with the highest per-capita GDP (Alberta) had the highest proportion of individuals receiving a aHSCT. Thus, is it possible that in Canada, regional wealth is more predictive of access to health care than individual wealth. The reasons for these dramatic regional differences in access to transplant in Canada should be studied further. DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Maintaining the Myth: How Tennessee Perpetuates Deficit Thinking about Recipients of Government-Sponsored Health Care

ABSTRACTDeficit ideology about people who are poor permeates a plethora of social programs. Our research demonstrates how the state of Tennessee uses the Internet, legislation, law enforcement, the criminal justice system, and the media to reproduce and perpetuate deficit thinking about recipients of TennCare, the state’s health care insurance program. In routinely and systematically producing, publishing, and disseminating information about arrests, using pejorative language, and delineating the offenses, the state reinforces the idea that people who are on TennCare are a menace to society. Our work points to the need for continued action and research that exposes and challenges deficit thinking.

Physical restraint to patients with dementia in acute physical care settings: effect of the financial incentive to acute care hospitals.

A national cross-sectional study design was used. Eight types of care units from acute care hospitals under the public healthcare insurance program were invited to participate in this study. A total of 23,539 inpatients with dementia from 2,355 care units in 937 hospitals were included for the analysis. Dementia diagnosis or symptoms included any signs of cognitive impairment. The primary outcome measure was "use of physical restraint." Among patients, the point prevalence of physical restraint was 44.5% (n = 10,480). Controlling for patient, unit, and hospital characteristics, patients in units with dementia care benefit had significantly lower percentage of physical restraint than those in any other units (42.0% vs. 47.1%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.76; 95% confident interval [0.63, 0.92]). The financial incentive may have reduced the risk of physical restraint among patients with dementia in acute care hospitals. However, use of physical restraint was still common among patients with dementia in units with the dementia care benefit. An educational package to guide dementia care approach including the avoidance of physical restraint by healthcare professionals in acute care hospitals is recommended.

Lessons Learned from Evaluating China's New Cooperative Medical Scheme

AbstractChina's New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS), established in 2003, is a universal health care insurance program for rural residents aimed to improve access to basic health care services and reduce financial risks of catastrophic illnesses in the rural population. It is a cornerstone of China's most recent health care reform efforts. The purpose of this paper is to share insights and learnings from two evaluations of NCMS payment reform. The evaluations were conducted by local researchers and evaluators who were deeply involved in the design and implementation of NCMS in their own region and have gone through a process of reflection of their own work to bring learnings to the broader health systems and evaluation communities in China.

PERKEMBANGAN PENGATURAN JAMINAN SOSIAL TENAGA KERJA DALAM RANGKA PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BURUH/PEKERJA

Each worker/workers face the risks of social-economic and social security can cope with the risks of the socio-economic. Setting social security law for labors has been started since the days of the Dutch East Indies colonial rule until the time of independence of the Republic of Indonesia both early era of independence as well as in the reform era. Therefore, this paper intends to study the development of legal regulation of social security. Social security arrangements colonial era the Netherlands East Indies, set in the Civil Code and Regulations Accident or Ongevallen-Regelling 1939, but the laborers / workers unprotected. New on the independence of the Republic of Indonesia, especially after the enactment of legislation in the field of social security such as: Law Number 3 of 1992 on Social Security of Labor, Law 20 of 2004 on National Social Security System and the Law 24 of 2011 on Social Security Organizing Body, laborers / workers obtain legal protection in the field of social security, which programnyapun not only guarantees compensation for workplace accidents alone, but includes work accident insurance program, program life insurance, security program today old, pension insurance programs, and health care insurance program. Keywords: Social Security Labor Protection Law, the Labour / Workers, Development, Settings.

Pre-emergency-department care-seeking patterns are associated with the severity of presenting condition for emergency department visit and subsequent adverse events: a timeframe episode analysis.

BackgroundMany patients treated in Emergency Department (ED) visits can be treated at primary or urgent care sectors, despite the fact that a number of ED visitors seek other forms of care prior to an ED visit. However, little is known regarding how the pre-ED activity episodes affect ED visits.ObjectivesWe investigated whether care-seeking patterns involve the use of health care services of various types prior to ED visits and examined the associations of these patterns with the severity of the presenting condition for the ED visit (EDVS) and subsequent events.MethodsThis retrospective observational study used administrative data on beneficiaries of the universal health care insurance program in Taiwan. The service type, treatment capacity, and relative diagnosis were used to classify pre-ED visits into 8 care types. Frequent pattern analysis was used to identify sequential care-seeking patterns and to classify 667,183 eligible pre-ED episodes into patterns. Generalized linear models were developed using generalized estimating equations to examine the associations of these patterns with EDVS and subsequent events.ResultsThe results revealed 17 care-seeking patterns. The EDVS and likelihood of subsequent events significantly differed among patterns. The ED severity index of patterns differ from patterns seeking directly ED care (coefficients ranged from -0.05 to 0.13), and the odds-ratios for the likelihood of subsequent ED visits and hospitalization ranged from 1.18 to 1.86 and 1.16 to 2.84, respectively.ConclusionsThe pre-ED care-seeking patterns differ in severity of presenting condition and subsequent events that may represent different causes of ED visit. Future health policy maker may adopt different intervention strategies for targeted population to reduce unnecessary ED visit effectively.

Association between length of hospital stay and implementation of discharge planning in acute psychiatric inpatients in Japan.

BackgroundJapan has introduced an acute psychiatric care unit to the public healthcare insurance program, but its requirement of a shorter length of stay could lead to discharges without proper discharge planning. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the implementation of discharge planning and the length of stay of acute psychiatric inpatients in Japan.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study included 449 patients discharged from the ‘psychiatric emergency ward’ of 66 hospitals during a two-week period from March 7 to 20, 2011. The assigned nurse or nursing assistant for each patient provided information on the implementation of discharge planning in the hospital stay.ResultsApproximately one quarter of the 449 patients (n = 122) received no support for coordination with post-discharge community care resources. The 122 patients who had received no support for community care coordination had a significantly lower mean age at admission, a shorter length of stay, and a higher rate of either no follow-up or unidentified post-discharge outpatient service than the other 327 patients. Multilevel linear regression analysis demonstrated a significantly greater length of stay among patients who were older, those who had a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia, those who were admitted compulsorily, those who received hospital outpatient services, and those who received community care coordination support from the assigned nurse or nursing assistant. The implementation of support for community care coordination did not indicate a significant association with these factors, which have been related to an increased risk of psychiatric readmission.ConclusionPatients to whom the assigned nurse or nursing assistant provided support on community care coordination experienced a significantly greater length of hospital stay. The implementation of support for community care coordination did not indicate a significant association with these factors, which have been related to an increased risk of psychiatric readmission. The mental health policy should increase focus on discharge planning in the acute psychiatric setting to enhance a link between psychiatric inpatient care and post-discharge community care resources.