Health Status Of Preschool Children Research Articles

Denta Go Model: An Effective Approach to Improving Tooth Brushing Skills and Dental Hygiene Status of Preschool Children

Background: According to Riskesdas, 63.7% of children aged 5 years have a dental caries experience number (def-t) ≥6 which is included in the category of severe early childhood caries. One of the factors that influence this is the low behavior in maintaining and maintaining oral hygiene. Therefore, through the innovation of the “Denta Go” Model, it is hoped that it can improve the tooth brushing skills and dental hygiene status of preschool children. Research Objective: To produce a “Denta Go” Model that is effective and feasible to implement in an effort to improve tooth brushing skills and dental hygiene status of preschool children. Methods: Research and Development (R&D) method with 5 stages, namely identification of needs, design, expert validation, feasibility test 1, and feasibility test 2. This study used a pre-experiment design with a one group pre-post test design. The sampling technique was purposive sampling which was given an intervention for 21 days with 3 stages, namely introduction, repetition, and practice. Results: The validity results of the “Denta Go” Model show that the model is feasible as a dental health education model (p 0.000). The “Denta Go” model is effective in improving tooth brushing skills (p 0.000) with a mean pretest score of 59.06 and posttest 94.64. The “Denta Go” model is effective in improving dental hygiene status (p 0.000) with a mean pretest score of 2.64 and posttest of 1.16. Feasibility test 2 showed that the model is feasible to be used independently by kindergarten teachers (p 0.000). Conclusion: The “Denta Go” model is effective and feasible to use as an effort to improve tooth brushing skills and dental health status of preschool children.

Nutrition knowledge and health vulnerability of mothers of pre-school children in north-central, Nigeria.

This study explores the contribution of nutrition knowledge to the health status of pre-school children's mothers in Niger State, North-Central, Nigeria. The study is a descriptive cross-sectional design using a quantitative data collection method. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 450 mothers of pre-school children across Niger state, Nigeria. Chi-square and linear regression were used to test the level of statistical significance (at p < 0.05). Socioeconomic and demographic information, anthropometric indices and nutrition knowledge were obtained using semi-structured questionnaires. Feeding patterns were also assessed using a qualitative 7-day dietary recall. The results showed that the majority (63.8%) of the mothers were within 26-35 years, and more than half (51.6%) of the mothers lacked knowledge of a "balanced diet". Fruits, vegetables, and dairy products were the least consumed food group among the mothers (7.1% and 9.1%, respectively). Place of residence, occupation, and method of waste disposal were significantly associated with maternal minimum dietary diversity adequacy (p<0.05). Over half (57.6%) of the mothers were within the normal BMI range, and the mean waist/hip ratio was 0.82± 0.08. Social media/online was the most (36.4%) explored source of nutrition information among the mothers. This study shows no significant association between nutrition knowledge and adequacy of minimum dietary diversity among the mothers of preschool children (p = 0.09, χ2 = 13.682). Dietary diversity among mothers was associated with the socioeconomic status and BMI of the mothers, which were strong determinants of meal quality and health outcomes in Nigeria and other developing countries experiencing food insecurity.

Segregated by Wealth, Health, and Development: An Analysis of Pre-School Child Health in a Medium-Sized German City.

The School Entry Examination (SEE) can be used to identify children with current health issues, developmental delays, and risk factors for later diseases. This study analyzes the health status of preschool children in a German city with considerable socio-economic differences among its quarters. We used secondary data from SEEs 2016-2019 from the entire city (8417 children), which we divided into quarters with low (LSEB), medium (MSEB), and high socioeconomic burden (HSEB). In HSEB quarters, 11.3% of children were overweight as opposed to 5.3% in LSEB quarters. In HSEB quarters, 17.2% of children had sub-par cognitive development in contrast to 1.5% in LSEB quarters. For overall sub-par development, LSEB quarters had a prevalence of 3.3%, whereas, in HSEB quarters, 35.8% of children received this result. Logistic regression was used to determine the influence of the city quarter on the outcome of overall sub-par development. Here, considerable disparities among HSEB and LSEB quarters remained after adjustment for parents' employment status and education. Pre-school children in HSEB quarters showed a higher risk for later disease than children in LSEB quarters. The city quarter had an association with child health and development that should be considered in the formulation of interventions.

Nutritional status assessment and intervention with a red palm oil biscuit among pre-school children attending informal crèches, in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Little information is available on the nutritional and health status of pre-school children attending informal crèches. The study aimed to determine the status of blood carotenoid, vitamin E, inflammatory markers and omega-3 fatty acids in children attending crèches in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Baseline measurements were followed by an intervention to determine the effect of a biscuit baked with red palm oil (RPO) shortening on these parameters. Forty-seven (n=47) children were randomly assigned to a RPO (Group A) (n=25) and non-RPO (Group B) (n=22) group. Group A received biscuits providing carotenoids, tocotrienols and α-tocopherol while Group B biscuits provided only tocotrienols and α-tocopherol. Biscuits were distributed daily during the school week. Blood samples were obtained at baseline, 3 months and 6 months during intervention as well as 6 months post intervention. At baseline, children showed a mild (10%) vitamin A deficiency, severe vitamin E deficiency (69%) while 98% presented with omega-3 fatty acid indexes below 8%. For vitamin E data was pooled as both groups received similar amounts of vitamin E while no significant differences were observed between the groups during the intervention. Significant increases (p ≤ 0.05) in α-tocopherol levels were observed in both groups at 3-, 6- and 6- months post intervention. Deficiency levels declined to 10% and 0% at 6- and 6-months post, respectively. In group A, plasma α-carotene levels (p ≤ 0.05) increased significantly from baseline (0.04 μmol/L; 95% CI: 0.03 – 0.06) at 3 (0.36 μmol/L; 95% CI: 0.29 – 0.45) and 6 months (0.48 μmol/L; 95% CI: 0.39 – 0.60). Similar significant (p ≤ 0.05) results were observed for plasma β-carotene levels (3 months (0.31 μmol/L; 95% CI: 0.27 – 0.40) and 6 months (0.33 μmol/L; 95% CI: 0.28 – 0.40). Consumption of a biscuit baked with RPO can play a significant role in alleviating vitamin E deficiency and can significantly increase plasma α- and β-carotene levels in pre-school children. Key words: Vitamin A, carotenoids, vitamin E, CRP, IL-6, fortification, omega-3 fatty acids

Development of educational model of the pillow book kesgi as learning to brushing teeth for preschool children

Preschool children have higher health problems than elementary school age children. The high level of dental health problems in preschool children is due to the low behavior of maintaining oral hygiene, especially in brushing teeth, it is proven that the data on brushing teeth correctly at the age of &gt; 3 years is only 2.3%. Efforts to improve dental health status in preschool children by establishing independence in brushing teeth as early as possible. The kesgi pillow book model is a development of the dental health pillow book media that researchers have made in previous studies, where there are various pillow book titles, so it is necessary to develop learning methods for the dental health pillow book media that have been created. This study aims to develop an educational model of the Kesgi pillow book as an effort to improve the dental and oral health status of preschool children. This research method uses Research and Development (R&amp;D). The samples for the design stage of the Kesgi pillow book model with purposive sampling consisted of: dental health managers at the health office, curriculum managers at the education office, heads of community health centers, kindergarten principals, dental health workers and teachers. The research instrument used a question sheet and data collection techniques were carried out by interview. Data analysis for model validation with intraclass correlation coefficient. The results of expert validity show that the p-value = 0.000. Conclusion: educational model of the pillow book kesgi relevant as a learning model for preschool children in an effort to improve the dental health status of preschool children.&#x0D; Keywords: Model, pillow book, learning, brushing teeth

Study on the Physical Health Status of Preschool Children in China

From the survey results of children's health level in China in recent years, the health level of children's residents has been continuously improved, but compared with the health level of children in some developed countries, there is still room for improvement. In recent years, China has done a lot of research on children's physical health and accumulated rich experience, but there are still deficiencies in the research on preschool children's physical health; at the same time, there is still a lack of national relevant research on the index system of comprehensive evaluation of preschool children's physical health. Therefore, this study aims to make a preliminary review of the physical health of Chinese preschool children, put forward some problems found in the physical health evaluation, and provide a theoretical reference for better developing the physical health evaluation of preschool children in China in the future.

Heterogeneous Effects of Health Insurance on Rural Children's Health in China: A Causal Machine Learning Approach.

This paper investigates the impact of Urban and Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URRBMI) on the health of preschool and school-age children in rural China using data from the 2018 wave of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). We employ the propensity score matching approach and causal forest to evaluate impacts. Results show that the URRBMI has significantly improved the health status of preschool children. However, the health improvement of school-age children by URRBMI is only limited to obese children, and this effect is not significant. In addition, this paper identifies important variables related to heterogeneity through the causal forest and evaluates the heterogeneity of the impact of URRBMI on the health of two types of children. For preschool children, we find disadvantaged mothers (i.e., with lower wealth, lower educated, or in rural areas) benefit more from the URRBMI. No significant heterogeneity is found for the school-age children. Our study demonstrates the power of causal forest to uncover the heterogeneity in policy evaluation, hence providing policymakers with valuable information for policy design.

Relationship between sedentary behavior time and physical activity level, mental health status of preschool children

Relationship between sedentary behavior time and physical activity level, mental health status of preschool children

Influence of preventive measures in a children’s polyclinic on the health status of preschool children

Prevention aims to create optimal conditions for the formation of children’s health, ensuring the protection of the child’s body from diseases. The goal is to identify priority problems in preventive work with preschool children in outpatient and polyclinic conditions. Materials and methods. Authors studied information from medical documents of 3-6 year children from the children’s polyclinics in Moscow, questionnaires of parents of children observed during 2017-2020. Preventive examinations cover 97.0% of children; a third of children have a chronic pathology. 68.1% of children passed dispensary examinations. 82.1% of children got vaccinated by age. The «Mother’s School» improves the medical literacy of parents. Conclusions. It is necessary to select a specific time for specialists during preventive examinations to intensify healthy lifestyle promotion among parents.

Impact of intergenerational care on child physical health in China

Objective To analyze the impact of intergenerational care on child physical health, so as to provide references for promoting the overall development of children’s health. Methods Based on the 2016 national data of the Chinese Family Tracking Survey, descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test and OLS regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between health status of 4 226 children aged 0-14 and intergenerational care. Results OLS regression analysis showed that intergenerational care had a significant impact on physical health of preschool children ( t = -2.11, P = 0.04), but had no significant impact on the health of school-age children ( t = -0.58, P = 0.56). Annual family income, family population size, age and gender of caregivers had a significant impact on the health of preschool children ( P <0.05). The self-rated health of caregivers and whether children participated in medical insurance had a significant impact on the health of all children ( P < 0.01). Conclusion Intergenerational care has a significant impact on the health status of preschool children, but has no impact on the health status of school age children. Attention should be paid to the health of caregivers, medical insurance condition and the impact of physical exercise on children’s health, as well as the health literacy improvement of child caregivers, and children’s medical insurance and welfare. 【摘要】 目的 分析隔代照顾对儿童生理健康的影响, 为促进儿童健康全面发展提供参考。 方法 基于中国家庭追踪调 查 2016 年的全国数据, 利用描述性统计、Mann-Whitney U 检验、Kruskal-Wallis H 检验以及OLS回归分析探索 4 226名 0 〜 14 岁儿童健康状况与隔代照顾的关系。 结果 OLS 回归分析表明, 隔代照顾对学龄前儿童健康影响有统计学意义 ( t = -2.11, P = 0.04), 对学龄期儿童的健康影响无统计学意义 ( t = -0.58, P = 0.56)。家庭年收入、家庭人口规模、照顾者年龄、 照顾者性别均对学龄前儿童健康状况影响均有统计学意义 ( P 值均<0.05), 照顾者自评健康以及儿童是否参加医保对所有 儿童健康状况影响均有统计学意义 ( P 值均<0.01)。 结论 隔代照顾对学龄前儿童健康状况有显著影响, 但对学龄期儿童 健康状况无影响。应关注照顾者健康水平、医疗保障水平以及体育锻炼对儿童健康的影响, 提高儿童照顾者的健康素养, 重视儿童的医疗保障福利水平。

Effect of educational status on oral health education program amongst Anganwadi workers in improving oral health of preschool children of Muradnagar block, Ghaziabad-A cross-sectional study

Aim: To study effect of educational status of Anganwadi Workers on oral health education program and its impact on improving oral health of preschool children in Muradnagar block, Ghaziabad. Materials and Methods: Study was done amongst 30 Anganwadi Centres of Muradnagar selected by simple random sampling. Sample size was calculated to be 503. Anganwadi Workers were divided into four groups depending on their educational status. Pre tested questionnaire was used to assess baseline knowledge of Anganwadi workers on oral health. Oral health education was imparted to them. Clinical examination of preschool children attending Anganwadi centres was done at baseline and after oral health education program. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 18. Results: Mean values of knowledge scores were found to be higher in Anganwadi workers (36.7) with high educational status leading to higher improvement (76%) in oral health status of preschool children. Conclusion: Educational Status of Anganwadi Workers has a significant impact on their oral health knowledge and efficiency of improving oral health status of preschool children. Keywords: Educational status, Anganwadi workers, Pre school children.

Effect of maternal employment on health status of pre-school children in an urban-slum of Bhubaneswar

Background: Women employment enhances household income and translates into better standard of living especially for children. That means maternal employment may benefit children’s health by increasing parent’s ability to buy high-quality food, good housing, and appropriate medical care. But, time spent at work may also decrease mother’s ability to care for and supervise children, leading perhaps to less healthy activities, such as eating poorly, unhygienically or engaging in too many unhealthy activities. This study tries to examine maternal employment as one potentially critical influence on the health status of young children in low-income families. The objectives were to assess the health status of preschool children and to find out the association between employment status of mothers and health status of their children of preschool age group.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was done involving mothers having at least one child and living in the urban health training center (UHTC) catchment area. A pretested semi structured questionnaire was used to assess the health status of the preschool children and the related variables.Results: 110 women were included in the study out of which 78 were not working/homemakers and 32 were employed. Immunization of children was better among employed mothers (81%) than children of unemployed mothers (67.9%). Hospitalization was also more among the children of non-working mothers.Conclusions: Employment somehow helps in better care for children which is reflected in the health status of the children and also by the immunization status.

Study of Nutritional Status of Pre-school Children in Auraiya District of Uttar Pradesh

Malnutrition is a complex issue for India. It is an example of how India is a nation of extremes. Many among the population live in poverty and are not able to obtain as much food as they need.&#x0D; Assessment of the nutritional status of community clinical examination is one of the first steps in the formation of any public health strategy to overcome malnutrition. Pre-school children undoubtedly are the most crucial segment of our population. Undernutrition is a critical determinant of mortality and morbidity in young children worldwide and it is associated with 45 per cent of all deaths in children under five years of age. The major forms of malnutrition are kwashiorkor (edematous) and marasmus (wasting) with or without associated stunting. In a view to know the nutritional deficiency among the rural children, the present study was conducted to assess the clinical status of preschool children of Auraiya district of Uttar Pradesh. The study involved a total of 100 preschool children. Twenty children selected randomly from each of the 5 villages of Bhagyanagar block of Auraiya district of Uttar Pradesh. The study showed that 58 children fall between 1-3 years of age while 42 children came under the 4-6 year of age. Physical examination results are as presented in Tables 2-6. On the basis of general appearance it was reported that 54 per cent of the children were normal in terms of body weight and 45 per cent were thin and 1% were obese from the village of Bhagyanagar Block of Auraiya district. Sign of Fluorosis namely mottling of enamel in teeth was observed most of the elder children (4-6 years) ie. 27 per cent as compared to the age group of 1-3 years ie, 15 per cent. Anaemia was observed as pale conjunctiva (28%) and Koilnychia (16%). Conjunctival xerosis was found to be very common among younger children group and Bitot’s spot was more common in older children. Magnitude of Anaemia also shows the health status of children. The findings revealed a poor health status of preschool children in the study area. There is also a need of proper food availablity, clean &amp; fresh water and hygiene and sanitation. There is a urgent need for health counselling of the mother/ caretaker to improve the health status of rural preschool children.

A comparative study on oral health status in Greek preschool children with neurodevelopmental disorders with movement limitations.

To assess the oral health status of preschool children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in Greece and compare it to that, of healthy children of the same age. The sample consisted of 146 preschool children with NDD and movement limitations attending the rehabilitation centers of ELEPAP and 165 healthy children matched for age and maternal origin. Caries prevalence, dmft index, precavitated carious lesions (WSL) prevalence Visual Plaque Index (VPI), Restorative Index (RI), Mutans Streptococci (MS) levels, saliva buffer capacity, gingival hyperplasia, tooth wear and developmental dental defects were assessed. Data were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric tests (P ≤.05). The NDD group, compared to the healthy controls, had significantly lower caries prevalence (P<.001), dmft index (P<.001), VPI (P<.001) and MS levels (P=.027), significantly higher WSL prevalence (P<.001), and visited the dentist at an older age (P<.001). Significant determinants of WSL in the NDD group was the VPI (P=.009) and the presence of MS (P<.028). Preschool children with NDD had lower prevalence of manifested caries but higher prevalence of WSL. However, most oral health parameters need improvement for both groups indicating the need for proper early interventions especially in the NDD group.

FEATURES OF THE VITAL ACTIVITY AND THE STATE OF HEALTH OF MOSCOW PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

The objectives of reforming the Russian education open up new possibilities for organizing the educational process on the basis of the shaping of principles of a healthy lifestyle embodied in standards of preschool education. The study was conducted in 8 Moscow kindergartens. The questionnaire survey included 437 parents of children of young preschool-age (3-4 years) and older preschool-age (5-7 years). The vital activity of modern preschool children was established to be characterized by the elevated of the static and emotional load against the background of deficiency of physical activity due to the increased use of gadgets and watching television, visiting other classes for preparation for school. Failure to comply with a rational mode of the day in the family has a negative impact on the health status of preschool children. Familiarizing parents to a healthy lifestyle, the optimization of mental and physical loads, the increase in the physical activity for children are the priority areas in health promotion work with preschool children.

An Observational Study to Assess the Health Status of Pre-School Children in Selected Rural Anganwadi Centers at Akluj

An Observational Study to Assess the Health Status of Pre-School Children in Selected Rural Anganwadi Centers at Akluj

An educational programme designed for the evaluation of effectiveness of two tooth brushing techniques in preschool children.

This study aimed to evaluate oral and dental health status of preschool children, to teach them two different brushing techniques, and to determine the effectiveness of such techniques. One hundred sixty three healthy children from three preschools in Isparta (Turkey) that were willing to participate in the study were included. A questionnaire was distributed to the parents. All children were given an oral and dental health education. Examinations were done in the classrooms, and plaque index and dft-dfs values were recorded. In each preschool, the horizontal scrub technique was randomly taught to a group of children, and the Fones technique to other group, and children were asked to apply the technique taught. Plaque index scores were recorded again, measurements were repeated at 1 week, and 1, 3 and 6 months. Data were analysed statistically. The questionnaires showed children's and parents' inadequate oral hygiene behaviours. Plaque index values for both techniques decreased from baseline at 1 week, and 1, 3 and 6 months. Values at month 6 were closer to baseline. The horizontal scrub technique was applied more easily and it provided an effective decrease on plaque index scores. No statistically significant difference was found for dft and dfs values. The educational programme with regular repeated tooth brushing training presented significant improvements in the oral health behaviours. The horizontal scrub technique was deemed more suitable than the Fones technique for preschool children.

Efficacy of Motivational Interviewing in Conjunction with Caries Risk Assessment (MICRA) Programmes in Improving the Dental Health Status of Preschool Children: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

To assess the efficacy of motivational interviewing in conjuction with a caries risk assessment (MICRA) programme to improve the dental health status of preschool children. A randomised controlled trial was conducted among 214 parents or caregivers and their children at Health Centre 54, Bangkok, Thailand, from September 2015 to February 2016. The participants were randomised to the intervention and the control groups (107 participants per group). At baseline, the intervention group received a caries risk assessment, individual counseling by using motivational interviewing, and oral hygiene instruction. The intervention group received reinforcement education and individual counseling by motivational interviewing every 3 months. The control group received a routine programme. Participants were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months for plaque index and caries. The data were analysed by using descriptive statistics, the chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, repeated-measures ANOVA, and negative binomial distribution. After the 6-month follow-up, participants in the intervention group had a significantly lower plaque index, non-cavitated plus cavitated carious lesions, and cavitated carious lesions when compared to the control group. The intervention group had a lower caries incidence, non-cavitated plus cavitated carious lesions (1.81 times) and cavitated carious lesions (2.04 times) than the control group. The combination of motivational interviewing and caries risk assessment in one programme decreased early childhood caries in preschool children. It is not known whether the effects are due to the motivational interviewing, the caries risk assessment, or the combination of both.

Association of sociodemographic and environmental factors with the mental health status among preschool children-Results from a cross-sectional study in Bavaria, Germany.

It has been reported that a great proportion of mental health disorders have an origin in early childhood. In order to evaluate factors possibly associated with children's health, the health monitoring units have been established since 2004 in six study regions in Bavaria, Germany. The second health monitoring survey, implemented in 2005-06, focuses on the mental health status of preschool children. The goal of this study is (1) to examine the association of sociodemographic and environmental factors with mental health and (2) to analyze the applicability of the results of the health monitoring units to all preschool children in Bavaria by calculating weighting factors. Data on 6206 preschool children are available. Logistic regression analysis is applied to analyze possible associations with mental health. A weighting method is applied to correct for deviances compared to the whole population of preschool children in Bavaria (N=132,783). 11% of preschool children show mental health problems. Regarding different indicators of sociodemographic status, low household income [unadjusted OR 3.34, 95% CI: 2.23-4.98] shows the strongest association of mental health problems. Non-accessibility of green space [unadjusted OR 2.74, 95% CI: 1.87-4.00] is also strongly associated with mental health. The results of the unweighted and weighted analysis are similar. Our findings suggest that sociodemographic status and factors in the living environment show associations with mental health of children. Based on the results of the unweighted and weighted analyses, the second health monitoring analysis shows little deviances compared to data of all Bavarian preschool children. Therefore, the results can be compared to all Bavarian preschool children.

어머니의 구강건강정보이해력이 유아 자녀의 구강건강상태와 행동에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to examine how oral health literacy of mothers affect the oral health status of their preschool children. The subjects were 233 mothers and their preschool children who are between 5 and 6 years old. They were selected according to the convenience sampling method. The individual self-administered questionnaire was used for the mother's survey while the children were interviewed using structured questionnaire to examine their oral health status and behavior. According to study results, the number of decayed primary teeth and the number of decayed and filled primary teeth had a statistically significant negative correlation with the oral health literacy of the mother, the children's oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior (COHKAB), and the mother's oral health management behavior. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed after including general characteristics variables, the COHKAB and the mother's oral health management behavior. Meanwhile, mother's oral health literacy had a statistically influence on children's oral health status. The higher the mother's oral health literacy level, the lower the number of decayed and filled primary teeth were. The findings suggest that efforts to improve the oral health status of preschool children should consider mother's oral health literacy as an important factor. Therefore, the effective intervention and education programs are necessary to enhance mother's oral health literacy.