Health Services For Older Adults Research Articles

Information technology-supported integrated health service for older adults in long-term care settings

BackgroundTo examine the effectiveness and safety of a data sharing and comprehensive management platform for institutionalized older patients.MethodsWe applied information technology-supported integrated health service platform to patients who live at long-term care hospitals (LTCHs) and nursing homes (NHs) with cluster randomized controlled study. We enrolled 555 patients aged 65 or older (461 from 7 LTCHs, 94 from 5 NHs). For the intervention group, a tablet-based platform comprising comprehensive geriatric assessment, disease management, potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) management, rehabilitation program, and screening for adverse events and warning alarms were provided for physicians or nurses. The control group was managed with usual care. Co-primary outcomes were (1) control rate of hypertension and diabetes, (2) medication adjustment (PIM prescription rate, proportion of polypharmacy), and (3) combination of potential quality-of-care problems (composite quality indicator) from the interRAI assessment system which assessed after 3-month of intervention.ResultsWe screened 1119 patients and included 555 patients (control; 289, intervention; 266) for analysis. Patients allocated to the intervention group had better cognitive function and took less medications and PIMs at baseline. The diabetes control rate (OR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.37–4.99, p = 0.0035), discontinuation of PIM (OR = 4.65, 95% CI 2.41–8.97, p < 0.0001), reduction of medication in patients with polypharmacy (OR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.24–3.16, p = 0.0042), and number of PIMs use (ꞵ = − 0.27, p < 0.0001) improved significantly in the intervention group. There was no significant difference in hypertension control rate (OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.20–1.43, p = 0.2129), proportion of polypharmacy (OR = 1.40, 95% CI 0.75–2.60, p = 0.2863), and improvement of composite quality indicators (ꞵ = 0.03, p = 0.2094). For secondary outcomes, cognitive and motor function, quality of life, and unplanned hospitalization were not different significantly between groups.ConclusionsThe information technology-supported integrated health service effectively reduced PIM use and controlled diabetes among older patients in LTCH or NH without functional decline or increase of healthcare utilization.Trial registrationClinical Research Information Service, KCT0004360. Registered on 21 October 2019.

Association of frailty with the use of health services in older adults: a secondary analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study.

Frailty has been related to adverse outcomes, but evidence on its association with the use of health services is still scarce. The purpose of this work was to determine the association of frailty with the use of health services in Mexican adults older than 60 years. Analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study for the years 2015 (baseline) and 2018 (follow-up). Frailty was defined with the frailty index. The following outcomes were included: hospitalization, medical visits, major surgery, minor surgical procedures, and dental visits. Competing risk and count analyses (negative binomial regression) were performed. A total of 8,526 individuals were included, whose average age was 70.8%; 55.8% corresponded to the female gender. According to the results, hospitalization days and the number of minor procedures were associated with frailty. Frailty could be useful in the planning of health services for older adults. On the other hand, its evaluation would allow prioritizing care for those who are at higher risk of adverse outcomes.

Developing the Social Cognitive Factor Scale (SCFS) to analyze the determinants influencing the utilization of traditional chinese medicine preventive health services among older adults

IntroductionTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) boosts immunity, aids self-repair, and supports elderly health. Despite government efforts, older adults underutilize TCM preventive health services. This study aimed to develop a reliable and valid Social Cognitive Factor Scale (SCFS) to understand this from a behavioral psychology perspective. MethodsThe SCFS, a self-report questionnaire rooted in Bandura's social cognitive theory, was developed by an expert panel using insights from current literature, focus group qualitative research, and scale testing. Twenty experts in TCM public health research and 840 community-dwelling older adults were included in this study. Scale development involved a literature review to establish the initial item pool, two Delphi expert consultations for item screening and revision, and comprehensive testing for reliability and effectiveness. ResultsThe SCFS consisted of 22 items classified into six dimensions: perceived environment, social support, belief and knowledge, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and self-regulation. The overall Cronbach's alpha of the scale was 0.946, and the split-half reliability of the total scale was 0.828, showing good reliability. A total of six factors were extracted, explaining 78.85 % of the total variation. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the scale had good construct validity. Scores on the SCFS were significantly and positively correlated with the utilization rate of TCM preventive health services for older adults (r = 0.537, p < 0.01). ConclusionTCM plays a significant role in actively addressing the challenges of aging. The SCFS provides a reliable and valid tool for understanding the underutilization of TCM preventive health services among older adults. A positive correlation with service utilization rates highlights its potential for guiding interventions.

Mental health and aging in New Zealand: mixed-methods analysis of experiences of healthcare from a survey of older adults with mental health conditions

ABSTRACT Little is known about the experiences of older people who seek mental healthcare in New Zealand. From a survey of 227 older people, we explored the use of mental healthcare services with quantitative and qualitative questions. Mental health needs were not being met in nearly one in five; a similar proportion was not satisfied with services providing mental healthcare. Reasons included long waiting times, lack of continuity of care and cost. Better co-ordination of primary and secondary services and improved accessibility of mental health services for older adults is needed.

Exploring the association between social isolation and utilization of primary health services by older adults: evidence from China.

This study aims to investigate the impact of social isolation on the utilization of primary health services among older adults in China. Data from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS) conducted in 2018 were utilized. A binary logistic regression model was established, and propensity score matching (PSM) was employed for analysis. The results of the binary logistic regression showed that family isolation within social isolation had a significant negative impact on the utilization of primary health services for older adults. In contrast, there was no significant association between friend isolation, community isolation, and the utilization of primary health services. Furthermore, the PSM results, using three matching methods (nearest neighbor matching, radius matching, and kernel matching), confirmed that family isolation significantly reduced older adults' utilization of primary health services, consistent with the baseline regression findings. Reducing the occurrence of family isolation among older adults may be a cost-effective intervention measure. Efforts should be directed toward improving family support for older adults, promoting the utilization of primary health services, and strengthening disease prevention.

The impact of long-term care insurance pilot on the mental health of older adults: Quasi-experimental evidence from China

The Chinese government launched pilot programs for a long-term care insurance system in response to the ongoing increase in the aging population. This study uses the difference-in-differences (DID) model to analyze the impact of long-term care insurance on older adults' mental health based on China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) four-period panel data from 2011 to 2018. This study found that long-term care insurance reduced Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) scores among older adults by 1.059 points. Moreover, there was an improvement of 0.181 and 0.870 points in mental status and scenario memory scores, respectively. The impact of the long-term care insurance pilot program on improving the mental health of older adults was more pronounced, especially for those with chronic diseases or disabilities as well as those living in rural and western regions. This study also revealed that long-term care insurance enhances mental health by reducing medical expenses and increasing daily companionship and social interaction. Therefore, a pilot study of long-term care insurance showed a significant improvement in the mental health of older adults. To provide a comprehensive care service system for older adults, the government should expand the scope of the pilot program and increase the accessibility of mental health services for older adults.

Utilisation of community healthcare services among older adults with disabilities in Luohu district, Shenzhen: a community-based survey

ObjectiveChina faces the challenge of an ageing population with disabilities. Community healthcare centres (CHCs) serve as frontline community healthcare providers for older adults with and without disabilities. Despite their significance,...

The action logic of the older adults about health-seeking in South Rural China

BackgroundThe Chinese government has invested significant resources to build many rural healthcare stations. However, in the face of convenient medical paths and accessible medical resources, the utilization rate of health services for older adults in rural areas is surprisingly low. This study explored why health-seeking behavior among older adults in rural China was not active.MethodsData were collected through participatory rural appraisal (PRA) with 108 participants in 12 villages in southern China. Daily schedule and social and resource mapping were employed to outline the range of activities and the routine of the older adults, as well as in-depth interviews to understand the logic of their healthcare choices. Data collected were analyzed by content analysis.ResultsThree themes were generated: (1) perceptions of health status (being healthy or sick): the rural older adults used the ability to handle routine chores as a measure of health status; (2) prioritization of solving symptoms over curing diseases: the older adults preferred the informal self-medication to cope with diseases, as long as there were no symptoms and no pain; (3) ‘unpredictable’ troubles: they tended to favor the ‘optimal’ solution of keeping their lives in order rather than the best medical treatment options.ConclusionThis study showed that the medical practices of the rural elderly were profoundly influenced by their perceptions of health and their life experiences. In the face of diseases, they tended to keep their lives in order, preferring self-treatment practices that address symptoms or selectively following medical advice rather than medical and science-based clinical solutions. In the future, the construction of rural health care should focus on changing the ‘inaccessibility’ of healthcare resources at the subjective level of the rural elderly and develop culturally adaptable health education.

Global scientific trends in healthy aging in the early 21st century: A data-driven scientometric and visualized analysis

BackgroundAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), healthy aging is the process of developing and maintaining the functional capacity for health in old age. A rapidly growing number of research studies on healthy aging have been conducted worldwide. The purpose of this research work is to explore global scientific landscape of healthy aging research over the last 22 years. MethodsScientific publications on healthy aging from January 1, 2000 to October 11, 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) on October 11, 2022. A total of 6420 publications were included in the scientometric analysis. VOSviewer (1.6.18) was used to conduct scientometric and visualized analysis. ResultsThe publication growth rate was 35.68 from 2000 to 2021. The United States of America (USA) led in both productivity and citations. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA was prominent in terms of both the highest citation count and the highest average citation count. The National Institute on Aging (NIA) and Evans, Michele K. were the most influential organization and author, respectively. Research hotspots in healthy aging were identified based on the co-occurrence analysis of keywords: (1) physical activity and mental health of older adults; (2) diseases impacting the health and lifespan of older adults; and (3) neuroscience. Our analysis indicates that gut microbiota, loneliness, frailty, mitochondria and resilience were the emerging themes in healthy aging research. ConclusionsThe quantity of annual publications on healthy aging has rapidly increased over the past 22 years, especially during 2018–2021. This analysis identified the status, trends, hot topics, and frontiers of healthy aging research. These findings will help researchers quickly understand the global representation of healthy aging research, influence resource dissemination, promote international collaborations, guide policy formulation, and improve health services for older adults.

FC12: Ageism and mental health stigma: key barriers to accessing mental health services among Peruvian older adults

Objective:To explore barriers towards mental health services for older adults with symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in a low-resource community in Lima, Peru. We explored these barriers from the perspective of older adults and health providers.Methods:We conducted an interview-based qualitative study. The first set of interviews was carried out between October 2018 and February 2019, and the second, between January 2022 and September 2022. In the first sample, we interviewed 38 older adults ≥60 years with symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 ≥ 10), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory ≥ 16), or those who had previous experience using formal mental health care irrespective of current symptoms. In the second sample, we included 20 health providers (8 psychologists, 2 general practitioners, 2 nurses, 4 psychiatrists, 4 social workers). We used an inductive thematic data analysis.Results:We identified two main barriers: stigma towards mental health conditions and care, and ageism. Stigma and ageism interacted with each other and exacerbated other barriers to mental health services. Stigma led to negative labels for people with mental health conditions and shame among older adults to disclose their feelings to health providers. Looking at the health system, health care facilities were described as not being age friendly. Additionally, aside from psychologists and psychiatrists, most providers mentioned little previous training in mental health care, but even less about the nuances of treating mental health challenges in old age. Among older adults, other important barriers were the accumulated mistrust towards health professionals and lack of knowledge about existing services and how they work. Importantly, older adults mentioned competing priorities, for example, not having time to seek care because they needed to work to obtain food. Other barriers included hidden costs incurred for transportation to health centers or to obtain medications. For older adults with diminished physical mobility, lack of accompaniment to attend health appointments was another important barrier.Conclusions:Community-based mental health interventions towards older adults need to address ageism and mental health stigma to improve access to care. Furthermore, training for health providers must be improved and expanded to prioritize older adult mental health care.

Simultaneous COVID-19 Pandemic and Dengue Epidemic: A Double Challenge to Geriatric Health Security in Bangladesh.

Bangladesh faces distinct challenges as a resource-poor country due to the combined effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and simultaneous dengue outbreaks. Older adults are particularly vulnerable to infection and death from COVID-19. While overall health and life expectancy in the general population have improved substantially in Bangladesh, health services for older adults are still lacking. No specialized geriatric units have been established in hospitals, and no home care programs have been established for older adults. COVID-19 mortality rates were highest among older adults ages 61 to 70 years (35%), and 71 to 80 years (20%) in 2022. Although the country's average COVID-19 mortality rate was low at 1.76%, in older adults, it was much higher (55%), accounting for 14,797 deaths, despite that most cases (55%) were recorded in young adults. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Bangladesh also experienced a dengue epidemic. Around 21,193 dengue patients were admitted to hospitals between January 1 and October 8, 2022. Without a well-established and all-encompassing social care program, the indirect socioeconomic burden of COVID-19 continues to fall on older adults. There is an immediate need for robust healthcare and support services, especially for older adults in Bangladesh, which are particularly susceptible to the dual threats posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and the dengue epidemic. Recommendations are made to protect older adults from the devastating effects of the 2 simultaneous epidemics.

Provider and facility readiness for age-friendly health services for older adults in primary health care centres in southwest, Nigeria.

There is a growing focus on interventions at the health system level to promote healthy aging and provide age-friendly health services (AFHS) in low- and middle-income countries where populations are aging. This study aimed to determine the provider and facility readiness for AFHS. We developed and implemented surveys to collect PHC facility capacity and readiness to deliver AFHS and a KAP survey for facility healthcare workers based on guidelines from the WHO age-friendly tool kit and questionnaires from other studies. Direct observation and structured interviews of facility heads were conducted in a stratified random sample of 15 out of the 57 comprehensive PHC facilities in Lagos, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty providers were conveniently sampled for the KAP survey. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATA version 15 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas, USA). For facility readiness, only 13.3% of PHCs sometimes offered hearing assessment and none of the PHCs offered colorectal cancer assessment. Few (20.0%) facilities offered home services and only 1 (0.7%) had dedicated funding for care of older people. Ramps were at the entrance in 60.0% of facilities and almost half (43.3%) of the PHCs had wheelchair accessible entrances to the public toilets. The majority of HCWs (81.7%) had heard about healthy aging but only 5.0% about AFHS, only 10.8% reported formal training. Around a third knew about specific conditions which affect people as they age, including; depression (37.5%), urinary incontinence (35.0%), and falls/immobility (33.3%). Over half of the providers (54.2%) screened for malnutrition in older patients, 25.8% screened for suspected elder abuse and much less (19.2%) for delirium. This study found some areas of strength but also gaps in facility readiness as well as knowledge and training needed to support AFHS care. We recommend identifying interventions to improve the availability and delivery of care for older adults.

Use, satisfaction, and preference of online health services among older adults with multimorbidity in Hong Kong primary care during COVID-19

BackgroundThe use of online and mobile internet and social media has been increasing in healthcare service delivery. However, there is limited literature on the acceptance and use of online health services for older adults with multimorbidity who require more medical care and assistance. This study aims to explore the use of social media in older adults with multimorbidity in Hong Kong primary care and to assess the feasibility and usage of online health services in this population, including satisfaction, preference, and problems encountered.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study among older adults with multimorbidity conducted between November 2020 and March 2021 in a Hong Kong primary care programme. Online and face-to-face services were offered based on the needs of the participants. Demographic characteristics and health conditions were assessed at baseline. Participants using online services were invited to complete a feedback questionnaire.ResultsThe study included 752 participants, of which 66.1% use social media every day. Participants who declined to use online services were found to be significantly older, live alone, have lower income, have social security assistance, have greater cognitive decline, and be less depressed (p < 0.05). Non-responders to the online questionnaire had fewer years of education and greater cognitive decline (p < 0.05). The median satisfaction with the online services was 8 (interquartile range: 7, 9), and 14.6% of the participants preferred online more than face-to-face services. Lower education levels, fewer internet connection issues, and more self-efficacy on mobile apps were associated with a higher level of online satisfaction after adjustment (p < 0.05). Fewer internet connection issues and more self-efficacy on mobile apps were associated with participants’ preference for online services (p < 0.05).ConclusionsMore than half of Hong Kong older adults with multimorbidity in primary care use social media daily. Internet connection issues can be a significant barrier to the usage of online services in this population. Prior use and training can be beneficial to enhance use and satisfaction in older adults.

Severity and symptoms of depression in older adults presenting to mental health services during COVID‐19 lockdown – an experience from south London region

AbstractBackgroundSocial restrictive measures during COVID‐19 pandemic has influenced people’s mental health conditions across different countries. Global studies indicated an increased prevalence of anxiety disorder and depression with varied impacts among different age groups. Most studies in the elderly have been done via surveys or internet medias missing out on people with no access to digital technology tools. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression among elderly people aged 65 years and above who attended mental health service for older adults (MHOA).MethodsRetrospective data was collected from the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) Case Register for MHOA. Using this large mental health care database in South London, United Kingdom, we identified referrals to MHOA during the first UK lockdown (March ‐ July 2020) and compared those to a corresponding pre‐COVID period (February ‐ July 2019). Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, diagnosis and living conditions were done to examine association between COVID‐19 lockdown and severity and symptoms of depression.Results536 patients were referred and seen within the MHOA during the first UK COVID‐19 lockdown period compared to 1,455 patients during the pre‐COVID‐19 corresponding period. We found presence of COVID‐19 lockdown had no effect on overall severity of depression but significantly associated with depressive symptoms such as anhedonia (1.64, 95% CI 1.14‐2.37, p = 0.008), lack of energy (1.65. 95% CI 1.65 (1.25‐2.16), p&lt;0.001), tearfulness (1.43, CI% 1.15‐1.78, p = 0.001), agitation (1.32, CI% 1.07‐1.63, p = 0.009), disturbed sleep (1.37, CI% 1.11‐1.70, p = 0.003) and guilt feelings (1.45, CI% 1.04‐2.03, p = 0.030)ConclusionsThere was an increased prevalence of certain depressive symptoms among older adults within MHOA during first COVID‐19 lockdown which implies impact of isolation and possibly physical ill‐health on mental well‐being. This needs to be explored further for potential prevention and managements.

Secondary mental health service utilisation following emergency department contact for suicidal behaviour: A systematic review.

Engagement with secondary mental health services after an emergency department presentation with suicidal behaviours may be an important strategy for reducing the risk of repeat attempts. Our aim was to examine secondary mental health service contact following a presentation to emergency department with suicidal behaviours. A systematic review of papers published between 2000 and 2020 was undertaken. This identified 56 papers relating to 47 primary studies. Data were extracted and summarised separately by age group: (1) young people, (2) older adults and (3) adults and studies with participants of 'all ages'. Studies in young people (n = 13) showed, on average, 44.8% were referred and 33.7% had contact with secondary mental health services within 4 weeks of emergency department discharge. In comparison, in adult/all ages studies (n = 34), on average, 27.1% were referred to and 26.2% had mental health service contact within 4 weeks. Only three studies presented data on contact with mental health services for older adults, and proportions ranged from 49.0% to 86.0%. This review highlights poor utilisation of secondary mental health service following emergency department presentation for suicidal behaviours, and further research is needed to identify the reasons for this. Crucially, this information could assist in the allocation of resources to facilitate the timely implementation of suicide prevention services.

Health related unmet needs of community dwelling older adults: a nationwide representative descriptive study in Korea.

South Korea has no official geriatric specialties or subspecialties. Moreover, studies on the unmet needs related to geriatric health problems in older Korean adults are scarce. Therefore, we investigated the unmet needs regarding geriatric health problems among older Korean adults. This cross-sectional study included 411 Korean adults aged ≥70 years. We constructed a questionnaire for a field survey that comprised 21 items to understand the geriatric challenges related to the participants' physicians and the necessity for geriatric physicians to resolve participants' health problems. We used unweighted numbers (weighted frequency) or mean ± standard deviation to describe the characteristics of the study participants for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. This study included a total of 411 men and women. The mean age was 77.6 ± 5.9 years. Among the participants, 88.6% had one or more chronic diseases (mean number of chronic diseases, 2.0 ± 1.3. 32.8) Of the participants, 32.8% said that their physicians did not spend enough time addressing their problems and only 24.3% felt that their physicians understood geriatric problems well. Of these, 76.2% (n=313) said that geriatricians were required to fulfill their unmet healthcare needs. The participants reported the need for help from a geriatrician, although most of the participants consulted regular physicians about their health problems. Geriatricians need to improve health services for older adults.

Factors affecting access to health services by older adults in an urban community in Thailand: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The impending rapid change in Thailand's older population has many important implications for health policy, especially older adults' health problems, which are major cause of them accessing health services. This study aimed to study factors affecting access to health services for older adults in urban communities in Thailand, as well as performing a situational survey of health service utilization. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 886 older adults from four different neighborhoods (slum, city, suburban, and community building). Data were collected using an interview questionnaire. Information about health service variables were extracted and followed the five dimensions of accessibility by Penchansky & Thomas: availability, accessibility, accommodation, affordability and acceptability. Data were analyzed using percentage mean and standard deviation (SD). Analysis of factors affecting access to health service was performed using Logistic regression. Results: The utilization of health services was high among five dimensions. There is no significant difference among other dimensions statistically from all neighborhoods. Only the acceptability dimension with notable difference (p=0.003), city neighborhood has the lowest acceptability dimension (mean 4.0, SD.=0.62), while community building has the highest one (mean 4.3, SD.=0.55). Factors affecting older adults access to health services were using health insurance rights for health care service, and concern about the necessity of health care. Conclusions: Encouraging older adults to change their health insurance rights to the nearest hospital and promoting the provision of holistic health information, which will support older adults in accessing more health services to improve their health outcomes.

Integration of Oral Health into General Health Services for Older Adults.

The prevalence of oral diseases in the older adult population remains high worldwide and is expected to surge in the coming decade. The World Health Organization (WHO) has listed the oral health of older adults as one of its pivotal concerns. Oral health affects general health, and oral diseases increase mortality and morbidity in older adults. Integrating oral health into the general health service with a patient-centred approach can be an effective way to improve oral and systemic health for older adults simultaneously. This integration tackles the shared risk factors of both oral and noncommunicable diseases, aids in the early detection of systemic disease, strengthens health surveillance, enhances efficient data sharing, and allows for the better allocation of resources and the workforce in the healthcare system. However, the oral healthcare sector operates as an isolated field, with an emphasis on intervention rather than prevention, which presents a key challenge to the success of integration. Therefore, refocusing oral healthcare service on prevention is paramount. In addition, approaches taken in clinical practice implementation, interprofessional education and training, technology and innovation, research and evaluation, advocacy by national professional oral healthcare organizations, and policy making will ensure the efficient, effective, and long-term integration of oral and general health services. Integrating these services would foster the accessibility and affordability of oral healthcare services for older adults to improve their oral health and overall well-being in the coming decade. This review aims to discuss the merits and outline the challenges of integrating oral health into general health services for older adults and to propose the approaches that could be taken.

A Study on Mental Health Service Needs among Older Adults and the Policy Response in China: Experiences in Urban Shanghai

Despite increasing awareness of mental health problems among older adults, limited mental health services are available to meet their needs. The proposed study aimed to evaluate the need for mental health services among older adults in Shanghai, China, and identify gaps in the existing service system to inform policy making. Based on 80 face-to-face interviews amongst several groups of older adults and community officers, doctors and government stakeholders, the study found that (a) the mental health needs of older adults living with family members mainly present as needs for social interaction, sense of belonging, and self-realization; (b) special groups, such as older adults living alone, mainly desire support to address loneliness, older adults with physical disabilities desire social respect, and those with mental disabilities seek social acceptance; and (c) community cadres and other stakeholders have paid little attention to demands related to mental well-being among older people. It is necessary to deliver mental health education to community stakeholders and the public, popularize mental health knowledge, and publicize professional psychological counseling and treatment services. Meanwhile, policy makers should allocate resources to train professional mental health services personnel to meet these growing mental health needs and increase financial support for mental health services for older adults.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Services for Older Adults in China

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Services for Older Adults in China