Health-related Physical Fitness Components Research Articles

Health-Related Physical Fitness Evaluation in HIV-Diagnosed Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review.

Health-related physical fitness has been widely used to investigate the adverse effects of HIV infection/ART in children and adolescents. However, methods/protocols and cut-points applied for investigating health-related physical fitness are not clear. The aim of this scoping review was to map the literature to identify gaps in knowledge regarding the methods/protocols and cut-points. A scoping review, following the Joana Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines, was conducted through ten major databases. Search followed the PCC strategy to construct block of terms related to population (children and adolescents), concept (health-related physical fitness components) and context (HIV infection). The search resulted in 7545 studies. After duplicate removal, titles and abstracts reading and full text assessment, 246 studies were included in the scoping review. Body composition was the most investigated component (n = 244), followed by muscular strength/endurance (n = 23), cardiorespiratory fitness (n = 15) and flexibility (n = 4). The World Health Organization growth curves, and nationals' surveys were the most reference values applied to classify body composition (n = 149), followed by internal cut-points (n = 30) and cut-points developed through small populations (n = 16). Cardiorespiratory fitness was classified through cut-points from three different assessment batteries, as well as cut-points developed through studies with small populations, muscular strength/endurance and flexibility were classified through the same cut-points from five different assessment batteries. The research on muscular strength/endurance, cardiorespiratory fitness and flexibility has been scarcely explored. The lack of studies that investigated method usability as well as reference values was evidenced.

Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness in Children and Adolescents with Obesity.

Examine the current state of literature related to the impact of obesity in children and adolescents on health-related physical fitness and the resultant cardiometabolic disease risk. Cardiorespiratory fitness of children and adolescents has declined over the past few decades which corresponds with an increase in obesity rates. Children with obesity are more likely to have low cardiorespiratory fitness which is associated with higher cardiometabolic disease risk and poorer mental health. The impact of obesity on muscular fitness in children and adolescents is more difficult to ascertain, but in general measures of physical function are lower in children with obesity which has also been associated with higher cardiometabolic disease risk. Components of health-related physical fitness are trending negatively in children and adolescents and appear to be related to the increase in prevalence of obesity. The resultant cardiometabolic disease risk has also risen which suggests a greater disease burden in the future. These disparaging findings highlight the need for aggressive interventions to improve physical fitness in children and adolescents.

Combining physical and physical education curricula with curricula Its impact on school achievement and the social adaptation of middle school


 Sports activity is an educational activity that works to educate young people with a balanced and integrated education in terms of: emotional, social, physical and mental, through various sports programs and fields under the supervision of a specialized leadership that works to achieve the goals of sports activity in a way that contributes to achieving the general goals of physical education in the stages of general education. One of the general foundations of the state's general educational policy. Study objectives: The effect of integrating physical education and sports curricula into the basic curricula. Developing, supporting and enhancing the positive psychological and social aspects through physical activity.Developing and maintaining health-related physical fitness components Recommendations:_ This study contributes to the interest in the curricula of physical education and sports because of its great impact on the level of academic achievement, raising the morale of male and female students, developing the spirit of cooperation and overcoming the problems of social adaptation between male and female students._ Practicing the activity of physical education and sports and integrating them with the basic curricula (science - English language - social studies - mathematics) helps students to acquire the skills of academic achievement and excellence in various basic school subjects._ Practicing the activity of physical education and sports helps students to acquire many skills in all physical, mental, social and moral aspects, as it helps students to adapt socially.
 

P722 The steep ramp test is a valid practical test to assess cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract Background Comprehensive disease management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) requires a holistic approach that extends beyond achieving endoscopic healing. Monitoring health-related physical fitness (HRPF) parameters (i.e. body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility) may lead to a more proactive approach to managing IBD, as IBD may affect HRPF due to e.g. chronic inflammation, malnutrition, corticosteroid use, and reduced physical activity. Yet, knowledge regarding HRPF in patients with IBD is limited. Assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), a key component of HRPF in other chronic diseases, could offer valuable insights into physical capacity and overall health. However, the gold standard, measuring oxygen uptake at peak exercise (VO2peak) achieved during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is impractical for widespread implementation in clinical practice. The steep ramp test (SRT), a short-term maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer, might serve as a less demanding assessment method to facilitate routine assessment of CRF in clinical practice and deliver more practical endpoints for intervention studies. This study aimed to examine the criterion validity of the SRT as compared with CPET in evaluating CRF in patients with IBD. Methods From August 2022 to October 2023, adult patients with IBD in remission or with mild-to-moderate clinical disease activity were consecutively enrolled. Each participant performed a SRT and a CPET within 14 days to examine CRF. The main outcome measures were the achieved work rate at peak exercise (WRpeak) for the SRT (SRT-WRpeak) and VO2peak as well as WRpeak for CPET (CPET-VO2peak and CPET-WRpeak). Validity of the SRT was evaluated with Pearson’s correlation coefficients between SRT-WRpeak and CPET-VO2peak and SRT-WRpeak and CPET-WRpeak. Results A total of 50 participants, with a mean age of 42.9 years and 56% diagnosed with CD, were included (Table 1). One participant was excluded from the analysis due to the inability to achieve a maximal effort during CPET. Mean (±SD) WRpeak attained at the SRT was 4.32 (±1.06) W·kg-1, and mean (±SD) VO2peak and WRpeak achieved during CPET were 33.47 (±9.85) mL·kg-1·min-1 and 2.90 (±0.95) W·kg-1, respectively. Figure 1 illustrates robust linear relationships with very strong correlations between SRT-WRpeak and CPET- VO2peak (r=0.945, p<0.001) and SRT-WRpeak and CPET-WRpeak (r=0.960, p<0.001). Conclusion Results of this study suggest that the SRT is a valid alternative test for examining CRF in patients with IBD, indicating its potential application in both clinical practice and intervention studies. Further research should explore the criterion validity of practical tests for other components of HRPF.

Effect of circuit training on BMI and health physical fitness of overweight female students

This study aimed to investigate how circuit training exercise affected the BMI and health-related fitness of overweight female students in Baghdad. A sample of 30 female students classified as heavyweight based on their BMI, were selected for the study. The sample was divided into an experimental group of 15 and a control group of 15. It was noticed that there was a significant statistical difference (p > 0.05) in the average body mass index before the exercises (35.4 ± 3.4) and after the exercises (30.9 ± 2.9). The study reported significant improvements (p > 0.001) in the health-related physical fitness components of the experimental group.

Association of liver function with health-related physical fitness: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundIn this study, by analyzing the correlation between various components of health-related physical fitness (HPF) and liver function indicators, the indicators of physical fitness that were highly correlated with liver function and could be monitored at home were screened to prevent more serious liver disease in the future, and to provide experimental basis for prescribing personalized exercise.MethodsA total of 330 faculties (female = 198) of a university were recruited. The indicators of HPF and liver function were measured. Spearman correlation analysis, multivariate linear regression, and cross-lagged panel model was used to data statistics.ResultsIn males, body fat (BF) was positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT); vital capacity and the vital capacity index were positively correlated with albumin; and vertical jump was positively correlated with globulin and negatively correlated with the albumin-globulin ratio (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation among all indicators controlled confounding factors. In females, BF was negatively correlated with direct bilirubin; VO2max was positively correlated with indirect bilirubin; and vertical jump was positively correlated with the albumin-globulin ratio and significantly negatively correlated with globulin (P < 0.05). Controlled confounding factors, body fat percentage was positively correlated with globulin (β = 0.174) and negatively correlated with direct bilirubin (β = –0.431), and VO2max was positively correlated with indirect bilirubin (β = 0.238, P < 0.05). Cross-lagged panel analysis showed that BF percentage can negatively predict direct bilirubin levels with great significance (β = -0.055, P < 0.05).ConclusionsHPF may play a crucial role in liver function screening, particularly for female faculty members. For males, BF, vertical jump, vital capacity and vital capacity index could be associated with liver function but are susceptible to complex factors such as age, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension. In females, BF percentage is an important predictor of abnormal liver function in addition to VO2max and vertical jump, which are not affected by complex factors.

Components of health-related physical fitness and physical-sport content of leisure

Components of health-related physical fitness and physical-sport content of leisure

Role of physical activity and health-related fitness on self-confidence and interpersonal relations in 14-year-old adolescents from secondary school settings: DADOS study.

The effect of physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) on self-confidence and interpersonal relations in adolescents is uncertain. To analyzed the associations of PA and PF with self-confidence and interpersonal relations in adolescents. A total of 268 (138 boys) adolescents (13.9 ± 0.3 years) from the DADOS study were included in the analysis. PA was evaluated using GENEActiv accelerometers and the health-related PF components by the ALPHA health-related fitness test battery. The levels of self-confidence and interpersonal relations were determined by the Behavior Assessment System for Children Level 3. The associations of PA levels and PF components with self-confidence reported positive associations of moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA), standing long jump, and 20-m shuttle run (shuttle run test) tests (all p < 0.05), and negative association of 4 × 10-m shuttle run test (4 × 10-m test), but only the 4 × 10-m test remained significant in the adjusted model for the whole sample and only in boys (p ≤ 0.01) when analyzed by sex. Regarding interpersonal relations, positive associations of standing long jump and shuttle run test (all p < 0.05), and negative association of 4 × 10-mtest were found in all the adolescents. The shuttle run test was associated with interpersonal relations in boys independently of confounders. PA levels were not associated with interpersonal relations. A higher level of lower-limb muscle strength, speed-agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness might improve self-confidence and interpersonal relations in adolescents, but these relationships seem to be influenced by sex, body mass index, and pubertal status. Speed-agility and cardiorespiratory fitness seem to have a stronger impact on boys. MVPA may improve self-confidence in adolescents.

Conditioning Training towards the Development of Physical Fitness among Junior High School Athletes

The achievement of student-athletes in various sports is often linked to the rigor of training that prepares them for competitions and enhances their physical fitness. Thus, this study determined the relationship between the engagement in conditioning training of a random sample of 76 junior high school student-athletes to the development of their physical fitness along health-related and skill-related physical fitness components. The researcher employed a descriptive correlational study through the administration of a researcher-made questionnaire and a Revised Physical Fitness Test by the Department of Education. Collected data were gathered, tabulated, interpreted, and treated using frequency count, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson r. The study revealed that the student-athletes were mostly of normal Body Mass Index (BMI), engaged in team sports, had been athletes for 4 to 5 years, and participated in competitions within the division level. They were highly engaged in conditioning training which enhanced the development of their physical fitness as affirmed by the computed r-values when these variables were paired for correlation. This study calls for revitalized conditioning training through innovations and engagement in co-curricular and extra-curricular focusing on health-related and skill-related physical fitness. This revitalization can be incorporated into the athletic program to ensure continuous sports achievements and enhancement of the physical fitness of student-athletes. Keywords – conditioning training, physical fitness, sports, student-athletes.

Effectiveness of exergames programme to modify body composition and health-related physical fitness in adolescents with down syndrome after COVID-19 quarantine

ABSTRACT Aims: to determine the effect of a 20-week exergame program on different indicators of body composition and components of health-related physical fitness in adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods and Procedures Outcomes: 49 adolescents (19 female and 30 males; average age, 14.19 ± 2.06 years) with Down syndrome were recruited and randomized to two groups (control group vs. intervention group). Adolescents allocated in the control group carried out a physical activity program three times a week for 20 weeks meanwhile adolescents allocated in the exercise group performed an exergame program three times a week for 20 weeks. Results: The exercise group had significant improvements in all health-related physical fitness variables and there is an improvement in some body composition variables (p < 0.05). Conclusions and Implications: 20 week exergame program consisting of 3 sessions of 60 minutes is able to improve levels of body composition and health-related physical fitness in adolescents with Down syndrome. Highlights Research in body composition and health-related physical fitness of people with Down syndrome has revealed that an exergame programme increases levels of health-related physical fitness in adolescents with Down syndrome An exergame programme can improve differences in markers of body composition between the control group and the intervention group The intervention group that performed the exergame programme showed increases in health-related physical fitness levels after 20 weeks of intervention. The control group that performed a based on developing motor behaviour programme did not show differences in body composition or health-related physical fitness after 20 weeks of intervention.

The influence of high-intensity interval training on the health-related physical fitness components of children who are currently enrolled in school

The influence of high-intensity interval training on the health-related physical fitness components of children who are currently enrolled in school

Health Related Physical Fitness of School Students in Relation to Smart Phone Addiction in Modern Epoch: A Reviews Study

The fitness was although considerable fact in ancient era. But also, in modern era fitness is more allegorical and the most considered matter in the society. The school going students are very much suffering from fitness related issue basically health related physical fitness components which are much effective parameter for the school going students. Nowadays the fitness is not only physical based matter also it is based on mentally as well as socially aspect for the people. But presently in the modern era Smart Phone is a dynamic addition to the life of students and it correlates between the fitness and efficiency of work done. The study on this topic has been done to investigate the status of the components of health-related physical fitness due to the heavy influence of smart phone addiction towards school going students in the ultra-modern epoch. This has been completely done on the basis of previous related reviews of literature already established. So, this study is based on the secondary data. The researcher analyzed the same previous related review of literature and found out that there is heavily influence of smart phone addiction on the different components of health related physical fitness of school going students.

P813 A scoping review on the assessment and improvement of health-related physical fitness in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract Background Reaching the STRIDE-II therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) requires an interdisciplinary approach. Lifestyle interventions focusing on enhancing and preserving health-related physical fitness (HRPF) may aid in improving subjective health, decreasing disability, or even controlling inflammation. However, ambiguity remains about the status and impact of HRPF (body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness [CRF], muscular strength [MS], muscular endurance [ME], and flexibility) in IBD patients, hindering the development of physical activity and exercise guidelines. The aim of this scoping review was to provide an overview of the literature assessing HRPF components of interest (i.e., CRF, MS, ME, and flexibility) in IBD patients, as well as how HRPF is affected by physical activity and physical exercise training interventions. Methods A systematic search was performed in multiple databases up to 5 Nov 2022. Eligible studies included IBD patients and assessed HRPF components of interest or evaluated physical activity or physical exercise training interventions. Results The search yielded 7323 articles, of which 68 were included (Figure 1), with a median sample size of 42 (IQR 24–77). Of these studies, 53 were conducted in adults and 15 in children or adolescents. Most studies (n=32) focused on patients with Crohn's disease (CD), followed by studies that included both CD and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients (n=30) and studies that included only UC patients (n=6). A total of 56 studies assessed HRPF components, including CRF, MS, and ME (n=2); CRF and MS (n=5); MS and ME (n=7); CRF (n=13); MS (n=28); and ME (n=1) (Figure 2). Great heterogeneity existed in assessment methods, with frequent use of non-validated field tests (Table 1). According to limited studies that used gold-standard tests, CRF appears to be reduced in IBD patients, but controversial findings emerged regarding MS and ME. Physical activity or physical exercise training interventions in patients with IBD were evaluated in 22 studies, with only ten reporting effects on HRPF, overall indicating a favorable impact. However, most studies included only patients in remission or with mild disease activity, lacked proper patient selection based on HRPF, and the type and intensity of interventions varied across studies. Conclusion This review highlights a lack of literature on the accurate assessment of HRPF in patients with IBD, leading to a scarcity of evidence on the effect of physical activity and physical exercise training interventions. Future research should focus on validating practical field tests, elucidating the association between HRPF and patient-reported and clinical outcomes, and determining the optimal physical training paradigm for IBD patients.

Health-related components of physical fitness and adiposity indicators: a comparative study among Kathak dancers and non-dancers of North India

ABSTRACT The present study aims to do a comparative analysis of health-related components of physical fitness and adiposity levels between Kathak dancers and non-dancers. Participants included 206 female Kathak dancers and 235 physically active controls, ages 18–45 years. Participants performed handgrip strength test and modified push up test for assessing upper body muscular strength and endurance, half sit-up test for abdominal strength and endurance, wall sit, and squat test for lower body strength and endurance, and v-sit and reach test for flexibility. Eight somatometric measurements were recorded based on the ISAK Protocol for assessing the adiposity levels. Basic descriptive statistics were calculated to assess the distribution of various health-related components of physical fitness and adiposity indicators across the sample. Pearson correlation assessed the association between health-related components of physical fitness, age, and years of learning dance. Results revealed that of all the adiposity indicators, only waist-to-hip ratio was significantly higher in Kathak dancers than the non-dancers (M = 0.77 vs. 0.74, p = .028). Kathak dancers endorsed significantly higher scores in all the tests assessing muscular strength, endurance, and flexibility (p < .001) compared to controls. Kathak dance can be taken up as a form of exercise by females of all age-groups that may prevent the development of obesity and improve muscular strength. However, within Kathak dancers, there were high number of participants who reported lower abdominal endurance and lower back flexibility levels, which emphasize the need to encourage supplementary exercise training among Kathak dancers.

Strength versus aerobic program: effects on body composition and health-related physical fitness levels of youths with Down syndrome

Aims: To determine the effect of a 16-week fitness program (strength vs. aerobic) on different indicators of body composition and components of health-related physical fitness in youths with Down syndrome. Methods and procedures outcomes: Fifty adolescents (19 girls and 31 boys; average age, 18.33 ± 1.42 years) with Down syndrome were recruited and randomized to two groups (strength group vs. aerobic group). Adolescents allocated in the aerobic group carried out a physical activity program three times a week for 16 weeks meanwhile adolescents allocated in the strength group performed a fitness program three times a week for 16 weeks. Results: The exercise group had significant improvements in all health-related physical fitness variables (p < .05) but not on body composition. Conclusions and implications: A sixteen week fitness program consisting of three sessions of 60 min is able to increase levels of health-related physical fitness but not on body composition in youths with Down syndrome. The aerobic program does not seem to show significant differences.

Health-Related Physical Fitness is Associated with Total and Central Body Fat in Children Aged 6 to 10 Years

Study purpose. This study purpose was to investigate whether health-related physical fitness is associated with total and central body fat in school children aged 6–10 years.&#x0D; Materials and methods. A total of 2197 Macedonian children aged 6–10 years (1096 boys and 1101 girls) participated in the study. Health-related physical fitness was measured by the modified EUROFIT test battery: the 20 m shuttle run test (cardiorespiratory fitness); the handgrip strength test, the standing long jump and the 30 s sit-ups tests (muscular strength); the 4×10 m shuttle run test (motor fitness) and the sit and reach test (flexibility). Body mass index, body fat percentage and waist circumference were used as markers of total and central body fat, respectively.&#x0D; Results. The standing long jump, the 30 s sit-ups, the 4×10 m shuttle run and the 20 m shuttle run tests were negatively associated with all markers of total and central body fat in boys and girls after controlling for age (p&lt;0.01). The handgrip strength test was positively associated with all markers of total and central body fat (p&lt;0.01). No statistically significant correlation was established between the markers of total and central body fat and the sit and reach test.&#x0D; Conclusions. The present study broadens previous findings in children and adolescents which demonstrate correlations between the health-related physical fitness components, chiefly the muscle strength, the agility and cardiorespiratory fitness and total central adiposity. Fitness assessment should be introduced in future epidemiological and intervention studies in school children because it seems to be an important factor determining health.

The Association between Body Mass Index and Muscular Fitness in Chinese College Freshmen.

(1) Background: The present study aimed to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and muscular fitness in Chinese college freshmen. (2) Methods: A total of 6425 college freshmen in mainland China were recruited. BMI was classified as underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5~23.9 kg/m2), overweight (24~27.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥28 kg/m2), according to the Working Group on Obesity in China. Health-related physical fitness components including cardiorespiratory fitness, lower body explosive power, upper body muscular endurance, abdominal muscular endurance, flexibility, and vital capacity were assessed. Physical fitness index and muscular fitness index were calculated, respectively, as the sum score of the standardized values (z-score) of the corresponding components. Three regression models were used to evaluate the potential associations: a linear regression model, a polynomial regression model, and a restricted cubic spline regression model. Adjust R square was used to compare among models. (3) Results: Significant differences were observed among different BMI categories in nearly all physical fitness components as well as physical fitness z-score and muscular fitness z-score (p < 0.001), regardless of gender. Significant linear associations were found between BMI and physical fitness z-score as well as muscular fitness z-score among total, male, and female groups (p < 0.05). However, the restricted cubic spline regression model showed a better fitting effect (adjust R2 was 7.9%, 11.2%, and 4.8% in total, male, and female for physical fitness and 7.7%, 15.7%, and 4.0%, for muscular fitness, respectively), compared with the linear and polynomial regression models, presented by a higher adjusted R2. Restricted cubic splines analysis showed that BMI value and physical fitness z-score showed a non-linear relationship with an approximate inverted U curve in all groups, while an approximate reversed J-shaped association was observed between BMI and muscular fitness z-score in all groups. (4) Conclusions: The present study showed a nonlinear negative relationship between BMI and physical fitness with underweight and overweight/obese college freshmen having poorer physical fitness and muscular fitness than their normal BMI peers, which may provide useful evidence to the development of public health recommendations and encourage the health management of young adults. Future studies should further explore the relationship between BMI and muscular fitness with multi-centered large sample size studies.

Adolescents' Flexibility Can Affect Motor Competence: The Pathway from Health Related Physical Fitness to Motor Competence.

Motor competence has been shown to predict health-related physical fitness (HRPF) components in youth, but there is indeterminate evidence for the reverse path. Even less is known about the specific relationship between motor competence and flexibility. Our aims in this study were to analyze the relationship between flexibility and motor competence among adolescents; and, secondarily, to examine the relationships between motor competence and other HRPF components (body composition and musculoskeletal fitness). We conducted a longitudinal study (14-months follow-up) with two measurement points of 128 participants (55.5% girls; 45% boys) aged 12-13 years at baseline. We assessed HRPF components at the first time point and determined motor competence at the second time point. We assessed HRPF in terms of body composition (body fat percentage), musculoskeletal fitness (sit-up test), and flexibility (sit and reach). We determined motor competence using the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK). We employed multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) to examine the effect of HRPF on motor competence through three models, in which each HRPF component was considered an independent variable. Sex, age, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) z-scores were considered confounders. In our crude models all HRPF components significantly affected motor competence. In adjusted models, flexibility (p = .002) and body composition (p < .001) significantly affected motor competence. Overall, these results supported the assumptions that HRPF components are related to motor competence in adolescence, and that flexibility can affect motor competence in young people.

Effect of intra-session exercise sequence of an 8-week concurrent training program on the components of physical fitness in recreationally trained young adults

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effect of the intra-session exercise sequence of a concurrent training programme on the components of health-related physical fitness. Twenty-four healthy young adults were allocated into two different groups differing only in the exercise order to conduct an 8-week intra-session concurrent training programme consisting of three sessions of 60–90 minutes (180–270 min/week), with all-out running sprint intervals, back squat, and bench press endurance and resistance exercises (i.e., ET+RT and RT+ET). The 8-week intra-session concurrent training programme overall improved all the components of physical fitness regardless of the exercise sequence. However, ET + RT and RT + ET groups reported moderate and small improvements for squat jump (ET + RT: 3.82 cm [1.11 to 6.53 cm]; RT + ET: 0.31 cm [−1.72 to 2.33 cm]), countermovement jump (ET + RT: 3.76 cm [1.43 to 6.08 cm]; RT + ET: 2.07 cm [−0.03 to 4.17 cm]) and maximum oxygen uptake (ET + RT: 4.75 ml/kg/min [1.14 to 8.35 ml/kg/min]; RT + ET: 1.66 ml/kg/min [−0.89 to 4.21 ml/kg/min]), respectively. Therefore, greater lower-body power and cardiorespiratory fitness gains might be induced following the ET + RT sequence.

THE EFFECT OF TRAINABILITY ON THE PHYSICAL FITNESS OF YOUNG ATHLETES

Athletic talent represents a high level of trainability in a certain type of sport. The earlier the level of trainability is identified, the more effective the sports training of the athlete will be. The aim of this study was to establish the effect of trainability on the physical fitness of adolescent athletes as a consequence of an applied training program adequate to the age and sports experience of the athletes. This study included 52 young athletes (24 boys and 28 girls), divided into 4 groups: male athletes from the control group (n = 10, mean age 14.88 ± 1.29 years), male athletes from the experimental group (n = 14, mean age 13.72 ± 1.15 years), female athletes from the control group (n = 14, mean age 15.69 ± 1.00 years), and female athletes from the experimental group (n = 14, mean age 13.41 ± 1.68 years). The experimental groups followed a specialized 12-week program signed for the purposes of the study. All participants completed the Alpha-Fit physical fitness test battery in addition to specific fitness tests before and after the training intervention. This study showed significant differences with larger effect sizes in nearly all components of health-related and specific physical fitness for the experimental groups after the training intervention in contrast to the control groups. The results of the standing long jump in the male (184.57 ± 19.79 cm vs 200.79 ± 20.01 cm, effect size = 0.8) and female athletes (179.07 ± 18.56 cm vs 183.93 ± 16.26 cm, effect size = 0.3) from the experimental groups showed significantly better values after the intervention, which indicated that strength is highly trainable for both genders at this age (13-14 years of age). The results of this study showed that the effect of trainability on physical fitness was greater for the athletes who were following the specialized training program based on the expected transfer of development in physical qualities.