Health Locus Of Control Scores Research Articles

Influence of initial check, information exchange, final accuracy check, reaction information nursing on the psychology of elderly with lung cancer.

As one of the fatal diseases with high incidence, lung cancer has seriously endangered public health and safety. Elderly patients usually have poor self-care and are more likely to show a series of psychological problems. To investigate the effectiveness of the initial check, information exchange, final accuracy check, reaction (IIFAR) information care model on the mental health status of elderly patients with lung cancer. This study is a single-centre study. We randomly recruited 60 elderly patients with lung cancer who attended our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022. These elderly patients with lung cancer were randomly divided into two groups, with the control group taking the conventional propaganda and education and the observation group taking the IIFAR information care model based on the conventional care protocol. The differences in psychological distress, anxiety and depression, life quality, fatigue, and the locus of control in psychology were compared between these two groups, and the causes of psychological distress were analyzed. After the intervention, Distress Thermometer, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for anxiety and the HADS for depression, Revised Piper's Fatigue Scale, and Chance Health Locus of Control scores were lower in the observation group compared to the pre-intervention period in the same group and were significantly lower in the observation group compared to those of the control group (P < 0.05). After the intervention, Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ-C30), Internal Health Locus of Control, and Powerful Others Health Locus of Control scores were significantly higher in the observation and the control groups compared to the pre-intervention period in their same group, and QLQ-C30 scores were significantly higher in the observation group compared to those of the control group (P < 0.05). The IIFAR information care model can help elderly patients with lung cancer by reducing their anxiety and depression, psychological distress, and fatigue, improving their tendencies on the locus of control in psychology, and enhancing their life qualities.

Low perceived control over health is associated with lower treatment uptake in a high mortality population of Bolivian forager-farmers

Indigenous people worldwide suffer from higher rates of morbidity and mortality than neighboring populations. In addition to having limited access to public health infrastructure, indigenous people may also have priorities and health perceptions that deter them from seeking adequate modern healthcare. Here we propose that living in a harsh and unpredictable environment reduces motivation to pursue deliberate, costly action to improve health outcomes. We assess whether variation in Health Locus of Control (HLC), a psychological construct designed to capture self-efficacy with respect to health, explains variation in treatment uptake behavior among Tsimane Amerindians (N = 690; age range: 40–89 years; 55.8% female; data collection: 2008–2012), a high mortality and morbidity indigenous population in the Bolivian Amazon, Beni Department. Comparisons with two industrialized populations in Japan (Miyagi prefecture; e0 = 76.6 years) and the United Kingdom (Caerphilly county borough; e0 = 81.2 years) confirm that Tsimane (e0 = 54.1 years) have a more externalized HLC. Multilevel level models were used to investigate whether HLC predicts treatment uptake, and mediates the relationship between modernization and treatment uptake. External HLC scores were predictive of treatment outcomes: Powerful others scores were positively associated with probability of receiving modern treatment (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.33), while Chance scores were negatively associated with probability of receiving modern treatment (adjusted OR = 0.76). We found no effects, however, of Internal HLC or educational capital on treatment uptake. Overall, our findings indicate that health-related decision-making is influenced more by a psychological orientation affecting self-efficacy, shaped in part by perceptions of environmental unpredictability and harshness, than by limited knowledge, education or other indicators of modernization.

The Correlation Between Demographic Data of Kaders’ to Health Locus of Control Score and the Opinion About Mental Health Services in Indonesia

Empowering community members to render certain essential health services to the communities where they come from is a concept that has been around for at least 50 years. Indonesia has a community health workers namely Kader; they are already working from 30 years ago. We, therefore, conducted an investigation on the Kaders’ perceptions toward patients with mental disorders and to whom do they consult on possible patients with mental illness. This information will be useful to determine future training program for Kaders, and also to discuss the role of Community Health Worker (CHW) in other countries. A cross-sectional survey was conducted for Kader in five districts of Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia, on June to September 2013. Among 5,625 Kaders in the provinces, we chose 800 Kader, by stratified random sampling, taking the population size of five provinces. The level of Kaders’ knowledge influence to powerful others HLC scores. On the other hand, although Kaders usually consult with health professionals (nurse or psychiatrist, but they still believe by Indonesian. Recommendations for the future, the contents for the training of Kaders need to be added motivation to improve Kaders’ motivation.

Breaking bad news: Patients’ preferences and health locus of control

ObjectiveTo identify patients’ preferences for models of communicating bad news and to explore how such preferences, and the reasons for the preferences, relate with personality characteristics, specifically patients’ health locus of control (HLC): internal/external and ‘powerful others’ (PO). MethodsSeventy-two patients from an oncology clinic watched videotaped scenarios of a breaking bad news moment, selected the model they preferred, filled an HLC scale and were interviewed about their choices. Data were analyzed with Chi-square, Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. Interviews were content-analyzed. Results77.8% preferred an “empathic professional”, 12.5% a “distanced expert” and 9.7% an “emotionally burdened expert”. Preferences varied significantly with HLC scores (patients with higher internal locus of control (ILC) and lower PO preferred the empathic model), presence of cancer, age and education. Patients explained their preferences through aspects of Caring, Professionalism, Wording, Time and Hope. ILC registered significant differences in regards to Wording and Time, whereas PO was associated with Hope and Time. ConclusionsHLC is an important dimension that can help doctors to better know their patients. Practice implicationsKnowing whether patients attribute their health to their own behaviors or to chance/others can help tailor the disclosure of bad news to their specific preferences.

Sports involvement following ACL reconstruction is related to lower extremity neuromuscular adaptations, subjective knee function and health locus of control

This retrospective study compared the influence of perceived sports involvement on lower extremity neuromuscular adaptations during single-leg countermovement jumping (CMJ), perceived knee function and internal health locus of control (HLOC) scores at a minimum 2-year post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The hypothesis was that subjects with higher-level sports involvement would display significant differences compared to subjects with lower-level sports involvement. Uninvolved and involved lower extremity EMG amplitude (1,000 Hz), vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) (500 Hz) and kinematic (60 Hz) displacement differences were determined during single-leg CMJ. These data and International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee survey scores, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Survey internal HLOC subscale scores and sports activity characteristics were compared by sports involvement level. Subjects that regarded themselves as only sporting sometimes (Group 3, n = 26) had lower IKDC survey and internal HLOC scores, were more likely to decrease sports activities by two intensity levels than highly competitive (Group 1, n = 20) and well-trained/frequently sporting (Group 2, n = 24) subjects, and had greater peak landing VGRF differences suggesting decreased involved lower extremity loading compared to Group 2. During propulsion, Group 1 had greater gluteus maximus (GM) and gastrocnemius (G) EMG differences than Groups 2 and 3. Groups 1 and 2 had decreased vastus medialis (VM) EMG differences during propulsion than Group 3. During landing, Group 1 had greater GM and G EMG differences than Group 3. Subjects with higher-level sports involvement up-regulated involved lower extremity GM and G activation and down-regulated VM activation. This adaptation may enable continued higher-level sports participation while minimizing knee joint forces. Perceived higher-level sports involvement was related to neuromuscular adaptations, better subjective knee function, a more internal HLOC and higher sports activity intensity. Therapeutic case series, level IV.

Health locus of control and health behaviour: Results from a nationally representative survey

The present study aims to examine the association between sociodemographic variables and health locus of control (HLC) as well as HLC and health behaviour. Data from a representative sample of the German adult population, the Telephone Health Survey 2006 (GSTel06; N = 5542), were used. A German version of the MHLC (multidimensional HLC) scales was used. Associations between sociodemographic variables and three dimensions of HLC (internal, powerful others and chance) and between HLC and health behaviour were calculated. In particular, higher age, low socioeconomic status and migration background were associated with higher HLC scores on the powerful others and chance dimension. Subjects scoring high on the chance dimension did less sports activity (OR: 0.8; CI: 0.7–0.9), had less medical teeth protection (0.7; 0.6–0.9), fewer health courses (0.8; 0.7–0.9) and conducted less systematic information-seeking (0.8; 0.6–0.9), while results regarding internal and powerful others HLC remained mainly insignificant. High chance HLC can be regarded as risk factor of adequate health behaviour. The associations between high chance HLC, low socioeconomic status and migration background emphasise the need for treatments and prevention programmes tailored to modify the high chance HLC of socially disadvantaged populations.

Patient and Physician Beliefs About Control over Health: Association of Symmetrical Beliefs with Medication Regimen Adherence

Past work suggests that the degree of similarity between patient and physician attitudes may be an important predictor of patient-centered outcomes. To examine the extent to which patient and provider symmetry in health locus of control (HLOC) beliefs was associated with objectively derived medication refill adherence in patients with co-morbid diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN). Eighteen primary care physicians at the VA Iowa City Medical Center and affiliated clinics; 246 patients of consented providers with co-morbid DM and HTN. Established patient-physician dyads were classified into three groups according to the similarity of their HLOC scores (assessed in parallel). Data analysis utilized hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to account for clustering of patients within physicians. Objectively derived medication refill adherence was computed using data from the VA electronic pharmacy record; blood pressure and HgA1c values were considered as secondary outcomes. Physician-patient dyads holding highly similar beliefs regarding the degree of personal control that individual patients have over health outcomes showed significantly higher overall and cardiovascular medication regimen adherence (p = 0.03) and lower diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.02) than in dyads in which the patient held a stronger belief in their own personal control than did their treating physician. Dyads in which patients held a weaker belief in their own personal control than did their treating physician did not differ significantly from symmetrical dyads. The same pattern was observed after adjustment for age, physician sex, and physician years of practice. These data are the first to demonstrate the importance of attitudinal symmetry on an objective measure of medication adherence and suggest that a brief assessment of patient HLOC may be useful for tailoring the provider's approach in the clinical encounter or for matching patients to physicians with similar attitudes towards care.

Psychosocial Determinants of Mammography Follow-up after Receipt of Abnormal Mammography Results in Medically Underserved Women

This article targets the relationship between psychosocial determinants and abnormal screening mammography follow-up in a medically underserved population. Health belief scales were modified to refer to diagnostic follow-up versus annual screening. A retrospective cohort study design was used. Statistical analyses were performed examining relationships among sociodemographic factors, psychosocial determinants, and abnormal mammography follow-up. Women with lower mean internal health locus of control scores (3.14) were two times more likely than women with higher mean internal health locus of control scores (3.98) to have inadequate follow-up (OR=2.53, 95% CI=1.12-5.36). Women with less than a high school education had lower cancer fatalism scores than women who had completed high school (47.5 vs. 55.2, p-value=.02) and lower mean external health locus of control scores (3.0 vs. 5.3) (p-value<.01). These constructs have implications for understanding mammography follow-up among minority and medically underserved women. Further comprehensive study of these concepts is warranted.

Impact of a collaborative community case management program on a low-income uninsured population in Sedgwick County, KS

This cross-sectional study assessed the impact of a collaborative nursing/social worker case management (CM) intervention on emergency department (ED) use, health status, and health locus of control (HLOC) in a low-income uninsured population. Using a pre–post intervention design, key outcomes were assessed using paired t test. A statistically significant (48%) reduction in total ED visits resulted in an estimated charge avoidance of US$1,446,280. Physical health status improved significantly; however, mental health status and HLOC scores showed minimal change. This CM model may assist vulnerable groups in gaining access to care and improved health.

Patient and physician attitudes in the health care context: Attitudinal symmetry predicts patient satisfaction and adherence

There is increasing interest in the role that patient and physician health-related attitudes may play in predicting patient outcomes. This study examined the similarity of the attitudes held by patients and their physicians about the patient role in health care delivery and its relationship to patient outcomes. Participants were 16 primary care physicians from a single academic medical center and 146 patients who had been seen by their respective physician at least twice during the prior 6 months. Physicians and patients completed two measures reflecting healthcare-related attitudes: the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control questionnaire and the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS). Patients also completed measures of satisfaction and adherence. Analyses were conducted using hierarchical linear modeling with patients clustered within physicians. Degree of symmetry on internal health locus of control was positively associated with both patient adherence, F(2, 131) = 3.75, p = .03, and satisfaction, F(2, 133) = 7.16, p = .01. Degree of similarity on the Information/Power Sharing subscale of the PPOS was not positively associated with adherence or satisfaction. These data suggest that patients who are more similar in attitude to their physicians as indicated by internal health locus of control scores (but not PPOS scores) are more satisfied with their medical care and more adherent with treatment recommendations than patients who are less internally focused than their physicians.

Self-Reported Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: An Internal Health Locus of Control Score Comparison

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of high or low internal health locus of control (HLOC) scores on knee function and sports activity self-reports. The Multidimensional HLOC Scale, the Knee Outcome Survey (KOS) Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADLS) and Sports Activity Scale (SAS), and the 2000 International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation and Current Health Assessment surveys were mailed to 335 subjects at a minimum of 2 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Of the subjects, 198 returned completed surveys at 5.1 +/- 2.9 years after surgery. Compared with the group with low internal HLOC scores, the group with high internal HLOC scores had better KOS-ADLS scores (89.6 +/- 13.7 v 77.4 +/- 23.9, P < .0001), KOS-SAS scores (85.2 +/- 18 v 70 +/- 29, P < .0001), global ADLS ratings (90.7 +/- 12.8 v 77.4 +/- 23.9, P < .0001), global SAS ratings (81.8 +/- 20.6 v 70 +/- 29.4, P < .0001), 2000 IKDC Subjective Knee Evaluation scores (80.9 +/- 17.7 v 68.3 +/- 25.2, P < .0001), and 2000 IKDC Current Health Assessment scores for physical function (90.2 +/- 14 v 80.5 +/- 24.6, P = .001), social function (92.6 +/- 14.8 v 85.8 +/- 21.1, P = .014), bodily pain (80.7 +/- 17.7 v 68.7 +/- 24.6, P < .001), mental health (77.9 +/- 14.2 v 70.6 +/- 19.2, P = .005), and vitality (65.1 +/- 19 v 58.8 +/- 21, P = .04). Current knee function scores (8.7 +/- 1.8 v 7.1 +/- 2.9, P < .0001) and KOS-SAS sports activity level scores (chi(2) = 11.2, P = .01) were also higher in the group with high internal HLOC scores compared with the group with low scores. Patients with high internal HLOC scores were more satisfied with knee function. Level IV, prognostic case series.

Measuring men's preferences for involvement in medical care: getting the question right

Now that active involvement by patients in their health care is widely endorsed, valid and reliable methods for determining preferences for involvement in treatment decision making are essential. Relatively little methodological work has been conducted to compare and contrast their reliability and validity. Available single-item measures exist to determine preferences, ranging from 'menu-based' questions to simpler Likert-type scales. Within a larger community survey of 514 men aged 50-70 years in Sydney, Australia, we compared two measures to assess their preferences for involvement in medical decision making. Using the 'menu-based' Control Preference Scale (CPS), men were classified as preferring to be either 'passive' or 'active' during decision making or to share ('shared') with their doctors on an equal basis. Men also were classified as preferring to be either 'passive' or 'active' according to a Likert-scale measure. Agreement between the two measures was 'poor' (kappa=0.19). While 24.9% of participants were classified as preferring a 'passive' role in treatment decision making according to the CPS, almost half (47.9%) were so classified according to Arora and McHorney's measure. In the absence of a 'shared' response option on the Arora and McHorney measure, 45.3% of men classified as preferring a 'shared role' on the CPS were instead categorized as 'passive' using Arora and McHorney's measure. Predictors of preferring a 'passive' role also differed, depending on the measure employed. Only occupational skill level predicted men's preferences for a 'passive' role when measured by the CPS [odds ratio (OR)=1.67; 95% CI 1.09-2.55] (P=0.02). For the Arora and McHorney's measure of preferences for involvement, men were significantly more likely to prefer a 'passive' role if they were older [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.09] (P=0.001), currently smoking (AOR=1.86, 95% CI 1.09-3.17) (P=0.02) and had higher chance health locus of control scores (AOR=1.26; 95% CI 1.01-1.56) (P=0.04). Having been employed or previously employed in an occupation of a lower skill level was also significantly and independently predictive of a passive role (AOR=2.35, 95% CI 1.57-3.50) (P<0.001). Single-item measures of decisional preferences have poor convergent validity. Characteristics associated with preference classifications also differ, depending upon the measures used. These results suggest that research efforts should be directed towards developing psychometrically robust measures to determine decisional preferences.

¿Juega el locus de control de la salud un papel clave en la salud durante la adolescencia?

Objectives: To examine the differences in health locus of control in a population of young people aged 13 to 25 years and a population of young people from mental disorders. Method: 814 normal young people completed Wallston's multidimensional health locus of control questionnaire and were compared with a population of 358 young people from mental disorders. Results: The young people in the healthy group had a higher internal health locus of control score and a higher internal versus external ratio compared with those in the suffering group. On the other hand, the scores for the powerful others health locus of control scale and the chance health locus of control scale were higher in the suffering group. While age only influenced the locus of control in the group, gender played a determining role in both groups in terms of the internal health locus of control. Conclusions: Adolescents who suffer from mental disorders have a lower internalization level in the multidimensional health locus of control which is expressed by a lower sense of personal responsibility and a higher level of dependency on others.

Use of Alternative Nutrition Therapy in a Breast Cancer Rehabilitation Program

Herbs, megadoses of vitamins, and minerals are common and potentially toxic forms of alternative nutrition therapy. This project examined the relationship between health locus of control (HLOC) and nutritional supplement use in women with breast cancer. Findings indicated no significant difference in internal-or external-chance HLOC scores for supplement users or nonusers. Supplement users had lower (P=.04) external/powerful-others HLOC scores than supplement nonusers. Supplement users perceived external forces less important to one's health than self-management.

Health Locus of Control and Health Behaviour

A representative sample of 11,632 people completed a questionnaire measuring health locus of control, health value and a number of health behaviours as part of the 1989 Health in Wales Survey. Measures of smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise and diet were combined to form a health behaviour index, representing key 'lifestyle' indicators. In line with predictions, scores on this measure were positively associated with internal health locus of control scores, and negatively associated with scores on the chance and powerful others dimensions. Classifying respondents according to Wallston and Wallston's (1981) health locus of control typology revealed that 'pure internals' performed the most health behaviours. Some evidence was found to suggest that health value moderates the relationship between health locus of control and health behaviour, although overall the health locus of control construct was found to be a weak predictor of health behaviour. The results are discussed in relation to the need to consider other expectancy beliefs when predicting health behaviour.

Cultural variation in health locus of control

Objective. To compare health locus of control scores in women from different ethnic backgrounds. Method. One‐hundred and twenty‐eight Caucasian, South Asian and Afro‐Caribbean women completed written or orally presented versions of the multidimensional health locus of control scale, as well as ratings of religiousness, health status and occupational status. Results. South Asian women scored higher on ‘chance’ and ‘powerful others’ locus of control as predicted. They also had higher scores on internality. The ethnic differences persisted after controlling for occupation and health status. High religiousness among the South Asians appeared to explain some, but not all, of their higher scores. Conclusion. South Asians may differ from British Caucasians in relation to their beliefs about internal and external influences on health.

Differential prediction of dental health behaviour by self‐esteem and health locus of control in young adolescents

A survey of 7770 schoolchildren, aged 14-15 years, from 131 secondary schools in England, was made in 1990 to obtain information about toothbrushing frequency, motivation for mouth care, frequency of dental visits, self-esteem and health locus of control (HLOC). The aim of the study was to compare self-esteem and HLOC as predictors of dental health behaviour. Subjects completed a questionnaire, anonymously, in class during normal school hours. The results showed significant associations (chi 2 test) between the 3 dental variables and self-esteem, in both sexes. Toothbrushing frequency and the proportions of subjects brushing to make their teeth feel clean increased with increasing self-esteem; recent and distant visits to the dentist were associated with low self-esteem. Only toothbrushing frequency showed any significant variation with HLOC. In males, this association showed more frequent toothbrushing with more internal HLOC, but in females, no consistent pattern emerged. HLOC scores showed markedly less correlation (Spearman) with frequencies of toothbrushing and dental visits compared with self-esteem scores. Significant positive correlations were observed between toothbrushing frequency and self-esteem in both sexes, and frequency of dental visits in males, but not in females. HLOC showed a significant positive correlation only with toothbrushing frequency in males. The correlation between toothbrushing frequency and self-esteem was significantly greater than that between brushing frequency and HLOC, in both sexes. The results suggest that self-esteem, which is a general construct, may have more potential for predicting dental health behaviour than the more specific health-related measure HLOC.

Skin-Temperature Biofeedback Training: Cognitive and Developmental Factors in a Nonclinical Child Population

The present study evaluated the relationship between skin-temperature biofeedback training for a nonclinical child population and several cognitive and developmental factors. 49 children were randomly assigned to control, standard feedback, or novel feedback conditions. State-anxiety, trait-anxiety, and depression scores improved for all groups. Health locus of control scores improved significantly for children receiving standard feedback. Children receiving biofeedback increased skin temperature regardless of their age, sex, or intellectual functioning.

AIDS Knowledge in Minorities: Significance of Locus of Control

A convenience sample of 587 subjects from the community health centers of Harris County, Texas, completed a structured interview that included questions on knowledge of AIDS transmission and prevention and on the Wallston Health Locus of Control (HLOC) Scale. HLOC score was a strong independent predictor of AIDS knowledge, with high externality associated with less knowledge. In a regression equation predicting AIDS knowledge, HLOC contributed 3% of the variance after education and ethnicity were accounted for. Hispanic and black individuals had a higher external orientation than white individuals. These findings suggest the need to address personal beliefs and perceptions concerning risk and to consider HLOC when educating patients and the public about AIDS.

Effect of Problem-Solving Instruction and Health Locus of Control on the Management of Childhood Asthma

This quasi-experimental study examined the effectiveness of problem-solving instruction (PSI) and the moderating effect of health locus of control (HLOC) on asthma morbidity in children under age 15 Twenty-one children and their accompanying parent received the routine asthma education 21 received the routroe education plus PSI Children of PSI parents with low internal HLOC scores had a significantly greater improvement in asthma control than chlidren of PSI parents with high internal HLOC scores and of control children whose parents had low internal HLOC scores These findings suggest investigating educational programs designed to be compatible with individual HLOC orientation.