Implementation Of Health Information Systems Research Articles

Bibliometric Insights into the Evolution of Health Information Systems and Telemedicine Research

This bibliometric study provides a comprehensive analysis of the research landscape in Health Information Systems (HIS) and Telemedicine, elucidating key trends, influential factors, and thematic clusters shaping the field's evolution. Through systematic data collection and analysis of nearly a thousand scholarly articles, this research offers insights into publication output, citation patterns, collaboration networks, and thematic areas within HIS and Telemedicine research. Thematic network and temporal analyses reveal distinct clusters focusing on telehealth, HIS implementation, advanced telemedicine technologies, and contextual factors influencing telemedicine adoption. Highly cited papers and author collaboration networks further underscore seminal contributions and research clusters within the field. Overall, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the current state of HIS and Telemedicine research, informing strategic initiatives for future advancements in healthcare technology and delivery.

Contextually balanced engagement: Navigating paradoxes of localisation and cultural embedding in rural health information systems implementation

AbstractAlthough health information systems (HIS) play an important role in elevating health standards, a comprehensive understanding of how to effectively implement HIS in rural areas is lacking. This issue becomes more significant when considering that globally a majority of the approximately 1.5 million deaths of children under the age of five in 2019 that were attributable to vaccine‐preventable diseases occurred in rural areas. Accordingly, we ask two questions. How does rurality influence the implementation of information and communication technology for development (ICT4D) projects? How do organisations navigate challenges associated with rurality during the implementation of these projects? Our findings, derived from an in‐depth case study of a social enterprise in rural India, reveal two paradoxes that pose challenges to the effective implementation of HIS in rural settings: the localisation paradox and the cultural embedding paradox. We found that contextually balanced engagement was comprised of four organisational responses—prioritising; localising; cultural adjustment; and engaging stakeholders—that help navigate the challenges posed by the localisation and cultural embedding paradoxes. Synthesising these findings, we develop a process model that shows how the implementation of HIS in rural areas is shaped by the descriptive and sociocultural characteristics of rurality. Further, organisations require a dynamic approach, engaging in multiple responses over time to navigate the paradoxes inherent in HIS implementation. We suggest that organisational responses to paradoxical tensions stemming from the descriptive and sociocultural characteristics of rurality lead to the development of HIS enabled for rurality. Our findings contribute the understanding of ICT4D projects implementation.

The Adoption of Information System Technology in Piloting the Current State of Health Institution in Tier Three Nations

This article is a pragmatic approach on the evaluation and implementation of the health information system as directed in assisting medical institutions to store patients’ health record in an electronic based method. In order to manage lots of information, the health information system comes in handy to sort data, processes and people. The system which consists of a set of interrelated components gathers, stores, and disseminates health or organizational related information of individuals working in the same health sector. All around the world the applications of digital health technology have become vital tools of modern information technology which has aided in the smooth and efficient delivery of quality healthcare. Studies have shown that the success of the electronic health information system implementation in developing countries is still low, and various reasons have however been identified as the cause of this poor outcome. This article is a pragmatic approach on the evaluation of information system technology adoption in the Nigerian health sector. The work focuses on factors that will determine the successful implementation of the health information system in health institutions in Nigeria, and how these factors can be enhanced using the Information System Quality Dimensions (Service Quality, System Quality, and Information Quality) as findings from this study show that attention should be on updating and upgrading the Information System quality dimensions (service Quality, Information Quality, and System Quality) since it reveals that there is a high dependence on these dimensions to bridge the research gap; as results show that there is an overall correlation between the analyzed variables.

Evaluasi E-Medrec pada Bagian Analisis Rekam Medis Kuantitatif Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit TK II Dustira Cimahi

Background: Quantitative analysis at Rumah Sakit TK II Dustira Cimahi is carried out by 2 (two) methods, namely manually using files and electronically through the E-Medrec application, where it is necessary to assess whether these activities have reached the standard and the aim is to find out whether there are obstacles or obstacles in their implementation, so that improvements can be made. Objective: To evaluate the implementation of the use of E-Medrec in the implementation of quantitative analysis of inpatient medical records at Rumah Sakit TK II Dustira Cimahi. Research Methods: The method used in this research is qualitative analysis with a descriptive approach using the TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) research model, researchers examine 3 aspects, namely aspects of usefulness (Perceived Usefulness), aspects of ease of use (Perceived Ease Of Use), and aspects of behavioral interest (Attitude Towards Behavior). Results: The results of data collection collected through questionnaires were processed and then converted into a percentage form to describe the results of the implementation of E-Medrec in the quantitative analysis of inpatient medical records. Conclusion: In the aspect of perceived usefulness, namely the perceived usefulness of E-Medrec, all respondents have good indicators. In the aspect of perceived ease of use, namely the perception of ease, all respondents have adequate indicators. In the aspect of attitude towards behavior, namely attitude / interest in using E-Medrec, all respondents have good indicators. The implementation of E-Medrec that has been running can be used as a consideration in planning the development and implementation of health information systems.

Development of a Health Information System for Primary Care Dental Practice

The health information systems (HIS) have become increasingly important in dental practice as they offer benefits such as improved quality of care, increased efficiency, and reduced medical errors. The development of an HIS for primary care dental practice involves several steps, including requirements gathering, system design, implementation, and testing. Dental professionals and staff members must be consulted to identify their needs and preferences for HIS implementation. The system must be designed to be user-friendly and intuitive to ensure ease of use and efficiency. Successful implementation requires the proper consideration of data privacy and security measures. This literature review highlights the benefits of HIS in dental practice and provides real references to studies that have investigated the effectiveness of HIS implementation. The development of an HIS for primary care dental practice can improve patient care and outcomes and enhance the overall efficiency of dental practices.

Introducing digital health information systems in post-conflict Mozambique: a historical perspective

ABSTRACT The institutional dynamics around digital Health Information Systems implementations are subject to influences from the technological artefacts themselves or contextual conditions from the setting. These not always obvious and easily visible, appearing intrinsically hidden, may only be made perceptible through analysing patterns across a historical timeframe. Recognizing history’s potential, both as a tool and a means for enabling this analysis, we seek to build a situated understanding of the technology adoption and institutionalization processes, valuable to support future implementation efforts. This analysis is conducted as a historical study based on implementing a digital platform for public health management in Mozambique, a low- and middle-income country recovering from the aftermath of colonial rule and violent civil war. While the overall study spans twenty years since 2000, this paper focuses on the first seven years to identify institutional contradictions and how these shaped the adoption and evolution of digitally based systems processes.

Individual and contextual level enablers and barriers determining electronic community health information system implementation in northwest Ethiopia

BackgroundThe government of Ethiopia has envisioned digitalizing primary healthcare units through the electronic community health information system (eCHIS) program as a re-engineering strategy aiming to improve healthcare data quality, use, and service provision. The eCHIS is intended as a community-wide initiative to integrate lower health structure with higher administrative health and service delivery unit with the ultimate goal of improving community health. However, the success or failure of the program depends on the level of identifying enablers and barriers of the implementation. Therefore, this study aimed to explore individual and contextual-level enablers and barriers determining eCHIS implementation.MethodWe conducted an exploratory study to determine the enablers and barriers to successfully implementing eCHIS in rural Wogera district, northwest Ethiopia. In-depth interviews and key informant interviews were applied at participants from multiple sites. A thematic content analysis was conducted based on the key themes reported. We applied the five components of consolidated framework for implementation research to interpret the findings.ResultsFirst, based on the intervention's characteristics, implementers valued the eCHIS program. However, its implementation was impacted by the heavy workload, limited or absent network and electricity. Outer-setting challenges were staff turnover, presence of competing projects, and lack of incentive mechanisms. In terms of the inner setting, lack of institutionalization and ownership were mentioned as barriers to the implementation. Resource allocation, community mobilization, leaders’ engagement, and availability of help desk need emphasis for a better achievement. With regard to characteristics of the individuals, limited digital literacy, older age, lack of peer-to-peer support, and limited self-expectancy posed challenges to the implementation. Finally, the importance of mentoring and engaging community and religious leaders, volunteers, having defined plan and regular meetings were identified elements of the implementation process and need emphasis.ConclusionThe findings underlined the potential enablers and barriers of eCHIS program for quality health data generation, use, and service provision and highlighted areas that require emphasis for further scale-up. The success and sustainability of the eCHIS require ongoing government commitment, sufficient resource allocation, institutionalization, capacity building, communication, planning, monitoring, and evaluation.

Analysis The Application Of Health Information Systems To Health Insurance Payments: A Systematic Review

Medical informatics as a basic medical science that participates in formal medical decision-making processes is integrated with the formation of medical databases and administrative data with features of automating work process technology in health care institutions. This study aims to analyze and find out the analysis of the application of health information systems to health insurance payments. This research is a literature review sourced from several online sites such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Refseek by including keywords “Pharmaceutical Preparations”, “Support”, “National Health System”. The inclusion criterion used was the implementation of a health information system for payment of health insurance using the PRISMA plot diagram. The results of this study found that the implementation of health information systems for health insurance payments in health facilities is still not optimal. Many factors have affected the overall operation of the system, where the quality and quantity of human resources in handling health information systems is still lacking, the lack of facilitating facilities and infrastructure sometimes still causes disruptions and requires improvement

Developing health information systems in developing countries: Lessons learnt from a longitudinal action research study in Vietnam

AbstractDesigning and implementing health information systems (HISs) in developing‐country settings is challenging. Many HISs do not go beyond the pilot stage and tend to vanish when external funding is over. In other cases, multiple fragmented HISs remain, but these are unable to talk to each other. And more often than not, data collected by HISs are not used in decision making. To better understand and address these problems, this article employs an information infrastructure (II) perspective and views HISs as parts of larger and complex social‐technical networks. This article contributes to the current knowledge with a set of rich empirical descriptions of the design and implementation of HISs in Vietnam. Theoretically, it contributes to II discussions in the information systems domain by presenting four design problems and suggesting five design principles and 15 design rules to meet them. These design principles and rules also offer practical guidance for managers and designers involved in the design and implementation of HISs in developing countries.

Applying the ICT4H model to understand the challenges for implementing ICT-based health information services in primary healthcare in South Ethiopia.

The implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the Primary Level Health Care (PLHC) of low-income countries is at the proof-of-concept level. Despite the wide-ranging efforts over the past 35 years, healthcare facilities are grappling with implementation; the essential health information sources are inaccessible. Consequently, the potential benefits are marred by various challenges. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the challenges in the implementation of an ICT-Based Health Information system (ICT-BHIS) in the PLHC facilities of Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia. We conducted an 8-month ethnographic study to develop and validate the Chibs ICT4H model. More specifically, a total of 160 h of observational data along with 21 key informant interviews were collected in the form of field notes and audio records. Both data were transcribed and entered into the Qualitative Data Analysis mine software version 1.4. Building on the constant comparative method of data analysis, we identified initial themes inductively, revisited the ICT4H model, and expanded and collapsed the themes prior to interpretation to generate new meaning. The findings of this study revealed that infrastructures, financial cost, technical constraints, human capital, stakeholders' engagement, and organizational commitment are the pressing challenges PLHC facilities face in the implementation of ICT-based health information services. This implies the need to shift the paradigm/gaze from piecemeals of multiple solo pilot projects to a unified strategy that touches multiple buttons/challenges for the successful implementation of ICT-BHIS in the context of PLHC facilities.

Use of Routine Health Information among Health Management Teams in Makueni County, Kenya

Despite vast amounts of resources and time invested in the development and implementation of health information systems (HIS), health data is barely used by health workers effectively to inform policy and to programmatic decision making. The general objective of the study was to assess use routine Health Information among sub-county health management teams in Makueni County. The study used a cross-sectional study design employing mixed methods of data collection. Census approach was used to enlist all the 120 sub-county health management team members in Makueni sub-counties in the study while 20 key informants were selected using purposive sampling method. Descriptive and regression analysis were used to analyse quantitative data using SPSS version 20. Thematic analysis of qualitative data was undertaken to identify emerging themes using QSR/Nvivo version 10 and validate the study findings. Findings revealed that the level of data use was 67%. Regression analysis indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between education (p=0.011), availability of reporting tools (p=0.049), staff trainings on data use (p=0.005), access to the internet (p=0.000) availability of computers (p=0.002), possession of data analysis skills (p=0.000), accuracy of data (p=0.001), completeness of data (p=0.014), performance of data duality audit (0.011), legibility and accuracy of records (0.006) and adherence to reporting timeliness (p=0.000), positive attitudes toward data (p=0.027), availability of data sharing mechanisms (p=0.001), provision of data feedback (p=0.000), access to data and information (p=0.033), empowerment of staff to make decisions (p=0.042), use of data to set and evaluate targets (p=0,037), ensuring staff accountability for performance (p=0.007) and data use for decision making. In conclusion, the established need for management to enhance technical competency of staff, enhance perceived quality of data, encourage positive attitude towards data and promote an organizational culture which motivates and encourages evidence-based decision-making at all levels of service delivery.

Security and Immutability of Open Data in Healthcare

Clinical data are sensitive data given the origin of the information. Since the implementation of health information systems, some issues such as interoperability, security, and privacy have been strongly questioned. Storing and consulting them raises the same concerns. Given these concerns, any attempt to introduce healthcare information systems must guarantee the security and privacy, integrity, and immutability of patient information. It is in this sense that blockchain technology and the openEHR open data model appear, as they manage to guarantee interoperability between systems, data security and guarantees about queries of each stored data.In order to understand how to increase security and immutability in an implementation of open data models in hospitals, two distinct architectures were developed. In these architectures, several performance tests were carried out. To understand which of them represents more value to a health institution, an analysis of the results was prepared and, consequently, a discussion about them was held to be able to draw the respective conclusions.

How Information Security Management Systems Influence the Healthcare Professionals’ Security Behavior in a Public Hospital in Indonesia

Aim/Purpose: This study analyzes health professionals’ information security behavior (ISB) as health information system (HIS) users concerning associated information security controls and risks established in a public hospital. This work measures ISB using a complete measuring scale and explains the relevant influential factors from the perspectives of Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and General Deterrence Theory (GDT) Background: Internal users are the primary source of security concerns in hospitals, with malware and social engineering becoming common attack vectors in the health industry. This study focuses on HIS user behavior in developing countries with limited information security policies and resources. Methodology: The research was carried out in three stages. First, a semi-structured interview was conducted with three hospital administrators in charge of HIS implementation to investigate information security controls and threats. Second, a survey of 144 HIS users to determine ISB based on hospital security risk. Third, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 11 HIS users to discuss the elements influencing behavior and current information security implementation. Contribution: This study contributes to ISB practices in hospitals. It discusses how HIS managers could build information security programs to enhance health professionals’ behavior by considering PMT and GDT elements. Findings: According to the findings of this study, the hospital has implemented particular information security management system (ISMS) controls based on international standards, but there is still room for improvement. Insiders are the most prevalent information security dangers discovered, with certain working practices requiring HIS users to disclose passwords with others. The top three most common ISBs HIS users practice include appropriately disposing of printouts, validating link sources, and using a password to unlock the device. Meanwhile, the top three least commonly seen ISBs include transferring sensitive information online, leaving a password in an unsupervised area, and revealing sensitive information via social media. Recommendations for Practitioners: Hospital managers should create work practices that align with information security requirements. HIS managers should provide incentives to improve workers’ perceptions of the benefit of robust information security measures. Recommendation for Researchers: This study suggests more research into the components that influence ISB utilizing diverse theoretical foundations such as Regulatory Focus Theory to compare preventive and promotion motivation to enhance ISB. Impact on Society: This study can potentially improve information security in the healthcare industry, which has substantial risks to human life but still lags behind other vital sector implementations. Future Research: Future research could look into the best content and format for an information security education and training program to promote the behaviors of healthcare professionals that need to be improved based on this ISB measurement and other influential factors.

Inclusive Entrepreneurship in Handling Competing Institutional Logics for DHIS2 Adoption in Ethiopian Public Health Care Context

Information System (IS) research advocates employing collaborative and loose coupling strategies to address contradictory issues to address diversified actors’ interests than the prescriptive and unilateral Information Technology (IT) governance mechanisms’, yet it is rarely depicting how managers employ these strategies in Health Information System (HIS) implementation, particularly in a resource-constrained setting where IS implementation activities have highly relied on multiple international organizations resources. This study explored how managers in resource-constrained settings employ collaborative IT governance mechanisms in the case of District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2) adoption with an interpretative case study approach and the institutional logic concept. The institutional logic concept was used to identify the major actors’ logics underpinning the DHIS2 adoption. The study depicted the importance of high-level officials' distance from the dominant systemic logic to consider new alternative, and to employ inclusive IT governance mechanisms which separated resource from the system that facilitated stakeholders’ collaboration in DHIS2 adoption based on their capacity and interest.

Implementation of Health Information Systems to Improve Patient Identification.

Wellbeing can be ensured in society through quality healthcare, a minimum of medical errors, and the improved performance of healthcare professionals. To this end, health information systems have been implemented in hospitals, with this implementation representing progress in medicine and information technologies. As a result, life expectancy has significantly increased, standards in healthcare have been raised, and public health has improved. This progress is influenced by the process of managing healthcare organizations and information systems. While hospitals tend to adapt health information systems to reduce errors related to patient misidentification, the rise in the occurrence and recording of medical errors in Lebanon resulting from failures to correctly identify patients reveals that such measures remain insufficient due to unknown factors. This research aimed to investigate the effect of health information systems (HISs) and other factors related to work-related conditions on reductions in patient misidentification and related consequences. The empirical data were collected from 109 employees in Neioumazloum Hospital in Lebanon. The results revealed a correlation between HISs and components and the effects of other factors on patient identification. These other factors included workload, nurse fatigue, a culture of patient safety, and lack of implementation of patient identification policies. This paper provides evidence from a Lebanese hospital and paves the way for further studies aiming to explore the role of information technologies in adopting HISs for work performance and patient satisfaction. Improved care for patients can help achieve health equality, enhance healthcare delivery performance and patient safety, and decrease the numbers of medical errors.

A co-designed health information system implementation into residential aged care: A mixed-method evaluation.

Internationally, the adoption of technology into residential aged care settings has been slow and fraught with multiple challenges for residents, staff and service providers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptability, efficiency, and quality of health information system implementation into aged care. Three-stage, mixed-methods participatory action research, concurrent with the natural experiment of a co-designed health information system implementation into a 169-bed aged care home in Australia. Data were collected pre-, during, and post implementation between 2019 and 2021. Qualitative data included focus groups, interviews, and observations. Quantitative data included work observations, pedometers, record audits, incident reports and staff and resident surveys. There were 162 participants composed of 65 aged care residents, 90 staff, and 7 managers/consultants. Improved work efficiency included reduced staff time searching for information (6%); reduced nurse time on documentation (20.4% to 6.4%), and 25% less steps. Documentation improvement included resident assessments (68% to 96%); resident-focused goals (56% to 88%) and evaluations (31% to 88%). The staff reported being better equipped to manage the 'delicacies of dignity'. Implementation of a health information system into a residential aged care facility was associated with improved resident-focused care and staff efficiency. Technology can support nurses and care staff to spend more time with residents in residential aged care homes, improve the quality of resident care, and assist meeting regulatory reporting requirements. Flexible and tailored co-design strategies can enhance both effectiveness and success of technology implementation into residential aged care.

Exploring institutional logics to dynamic ambidexterity in health information system implementation in the public health sector of Ethiopia

AbstractInformation system (IS) implementation can often lead to inherently contradictory issues, standardization, and evolve‐ability, which requires different, sets of information technology (IT) governance mechanisms. Recent research advocate ambidexterity mechanisms which consider the contradictory logic for long‐term success yet it has paid little attention to resource‐constrained settings which is a source of contradiction for the lack of technical and financial resource. Using an interpretative approach, based on institutional logic and dynamic ambidexterity concepts, this study revealed how centralized, systemic, and IT logics shaped IT governance mechanisms toward centralized and ad hoc‐based decentralized structures. Furthermore, the study depicted how the lack of a common vision for IS implementation impeded defining roles, identifying and collaborating with similar initiatives that led the implementation to uncontrolled evolve‐ability. Despite the absence of a common vision in resource‐constrained settings, the study identified the importance of resource‐chasing collaboration among heterogeneous actors to achieve standardization and evolve‐ability at a certain level though not sufficient. The study proposed an ambidextrous implementation framework by combining dynamic ambidexterity and institutional logic concepts to complement the resource‐chased collaboration with major HIS logics‐based collaboration through devising common vision, strategy, and mechanisms which allows sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring the emergent heterogeneous system implementation initiatives to achieve standardization and evolve‐ability simultaneously.

ODP193 Endocrinologists’ Experiences with Telehealth: Organizational and Logistical Issues with Implementation

Abstract Objective Telehealth use rapidly increased during the COVID-19 public health emergency. While this preserved safe access to care, there was insufficient time to optimize telehealth implementation for its clinical users. We sought to understand endocrinologists’ experiences with synchronous telehealth to identify factors that influence successful implementation and can promote sustained use. Methods We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of 26 US endocrinologists. We asked about their experiences with telehealth, administrative and organizational factors, and technology-related issues. We also asked for recommendations for supporting clinicians’ continued telehealth use post-pandemic. We used a directed content analysis and rapid coding approach to identify factors affecting telehealth experiences. We noticed close alignment with and mapped findings to the human-organization-technology fit (HOT-fit) framework, which recognizes human, organizational, and technological factors as common elements influencing health information system implementation. Results We identified the following clinician, organizational, and technology factors from the HOT-fit framework that influenced successful use of telehealth.1) Clinician Factors: Negative attitudes towards telehealth, including resistance towards the technology or concerns that older patients struggle with it, were initial barriers to uptake. However, attitudes were malleable over time. After initial adjustment and training, most clinicians reported enjoying and seeing value in telehealth, and planned to continue using a combination of in-person and telehealth. Although many clinicians voiced fears of missing clinical issues, none reported overlooking findings that would change treatment plans. Clinicians found both benefits and burdens associated with telehealth; flexible scheduling improved work-life balance but some also noted increasing workload.2) Organizational Factors: Clinicians felt most supported in organizations that provided training and technology support for both patients and themselves, attending to technical, logistical, and clinical needs. Telehealth was less stressful when support staff were reallocated to streamline workflow with ancillary tasks. Scheduling practices affected clinician experience: mixed clinics with in-person and telehealth visits combined with overbooking often exacerbated workflow challenges. Payment policies and parity of telehealth and in-person visits were key factors encouraging clinicians’ continued telehealth use.3) Technology factors. Almost all clinicians preferred video visits over those by phone. However, clinicians sought improvements in usability and reliability of platforms for video visits and data sharing. Robust IT support in real time reduced the burden associated with using visit time to perform tech support. Conclusions Favorable clinician perceptions of telehealth are critical for sustained use. Clinicians initially approached telehealth at varied stages of acceptance and comfort. Perceptions of telehealth can improve with personal experience and organizational efforts that address individual training needs, adequate support staffing, tech support, and efficient workflow. Further telehealth implementation strategies by policymakers and health care leaders in endocrinology should address these aspects affecting clinician experience to maximize future success in telehealth adoption and use post-pandemic. Presentation: No date and time listed

Physician engagement strategies in health information system implementations.

Health information system implementations are expensive and risky. They have the potential to transform healthcare when implemented successfully. Health leaders need to effectively engage physicians as an important constituent in the project. This can be accomplished by applying user-centred design principles, facilitating physician leadership, and planning for training. When done effectively, a sense of shared ownership and allegiance between management and the physician group is created that will lead to a successful project.

Lessons and Implementation Challenges of Community Health Information System in LMICs: A Scoping Review of Literature.

Accurate and timely information on health intervention coverage, quality, and equity is the foundation of public health practice. To achieve this, countries have made efforts to improve the quality and availability of community health data by implementing the community health information system that is used to collect data in the field generated by community health workers and other community-facing providers. Despite all the efforts, evidence on the current state is scant in Low Middle Income Countries (LMICs). To summarize the available evidence on the current implementation status, lessons learned and implementation challenges of community health information system (CHIS) in LMICs. We conducted a scoping review that included studies searched using electronic databases like Pubmed/Medline, World Health Organization (WHO) Library, Science Direct, Cochrane Library. We also searched Google and Google Scholar using different combinations of search strategies. Studies that applied any study design, data collection and analysis methods related to CHIS were included. The review included all studies published until February 30, 2022. Two authors extracted the data and resolved disagreements by discussion consulting a third author. A total of 1,552 potentially relevant articles/reports were generated from the initial search, of which 21 were considered for the final review. The review found that CHIS is implemented in various structures using various tools across different LMICs. For the CHIS implementation majority used registers, family folder/card, mobile technologies and chalk/white board. Community level information was fragmented, incomplete and in most cases flowed only one way, with a bottom-up approach. The review also indicated that, technology particularly Electronic Community Health Information System (eCHIS) and mobile applications plays a role in strengthening CHIS implementation in most LMICs. Many challenges remain for effective implementation of CHIS with unintegrated systems including existence of parallel recording & reporting tools. Besides, lack of resources, low technical capacity, shortage of human resource and poor Information Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure were reported as barriers for effective implementation of CHIS in LMICs. Generally, community health information system implementation in LMICs is in its early stage. There was not a universal or standard CHIS design and implementation modality across countries. There are also promising practices on digitalizing the community health information systems. Different organizational, technical, behavioural and economic barriers exist for effective implementation of CHIS. Hence, greater collaboration, coordination, and joint action are needed to address these challenges. Strong leadership, motivation, capacity building and regular feedback are also important to strengthen the CHIS in LMICs. Moreover, CHIS should be transformed in to eCHIS with integration of different technology solutions. Local ownership is also critical to the long-term sustainability of CHIS implementation.