Health Information Management Research Articles

Temporal Aspects of Psychosocial Mediators of the Exercise-Weight Loss Maintenance Relationship Within Scalable Behavior-Change Treatments.

Limited knowledge of psychological correlates of weight loss is associated with continuing failures of behavioral obesity treatments beyond the short term. This study aimed to inform health professionals' obesity interventions via an increased knowledge of mediators of the exercise-weight loss maintenance relationship. Women participated in 6-month obesity treatments within community settings emphasizing moderate exercise and self-regulation skills development via primarily in-person (n = 54) or primarily written (n = 54) means. Changes in mood, self-regulating eating, and weight over 6, 12, and 24 months were assessed. A moderated mediation model was tested using the PROCESS macro instruction. Improvements in mood, self-regulating eating, and weight were significantly greater in the in-person group. The relationship between a dichotomous measure of completing at least 3 sessions of exercise per week (or not) and change in weight over 6 months was no longer significant when the mediators of changes in negative mood and self-regulation of eating were sequentially entered. Paths of exercise→negative mood reduction→eating self-regulation increase→weight loss over 6, 12 and 24 months were significant. Exercise self-regulation at Month 3 significantly moderated the mood change→eating self-regulation change relationship. Based on the identified paths, scalable obesity-treatment content and emphases were informed. This could help guide health professionals' actions concerning the management of obesity.

Evaluating the usability of public health data dashboards as information sources for professionals and the public: Findings from a case study with domain experts.

Recently, public health data dashboards have gained popularity as trusted, up-to-date sources of health information. However, their usability and usefulness may be limited. To identify the requirements of usable public health data dashboards through a case study with domain experts. Paired-user virtual data collection sessions were conducted with 20 experts in three steps: (1) a monitored use of an existing dashboard to complete tasks and discuss the usability problems, (2) a survey rating user experience, and (3) an interview regarding the users and use cases. Data analysis included quantitative analysis of the survey findings and thematic analysis of the audio transcripts. Analyses yielded several findings: (1) familiar charts with clear legends and labels should be used to focus users' attention on the content; (2) charts should be organized in a simple and consistent layout; (3) contextual information should be provided to help with interpretations; (4) data limitations should be clearly communicated; (5) guidance should be provided to lead user interactions. The identified requirements guide health librarians and information professionals in evaluating public health data dashboards. Public health data dashboards should be designed based on users' needs to provide useful up-to-date information sources for health information consumers.

ADDRESSING PRIVACY AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN HEALTH INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (IMS)

This paper explores the crucial role of privacy and ethics in Health Information Management Systems (HIMS), addressing the inherent challenges and presenting innovative solutions through detailed case studies. We examine the significant privacy concerns, such as data breaches and unauthorized data sharing, alongside ethical issues like informed consent and equitable access to technology. Effective solutions including the Privacy-Preserving Distributed Analytics (PPDA) model and proactive bioethics committees, as demonstrated by institutions like Vanderbilt University Medical Center, illustrate successful strategies for managing these concerns. The paper emphasizes the importance of prioritizing privacy and ethics not merely as compliance requirements but as foundational elements essential to the trustworthiness and effectiveness of HIMS. It advocates for a continuous, proactive approach to address these issues as technology evolves and regulations change. Furthermore, we call for a collaborative effort among policymakers, healthcare providers, technologists, and patients to develop and refine HIMS that uphold the highest standards of privacy, ethics, and accessibility, thus enhancing the quality of care and health outcomes for all stakeholders.

Internet-based eHealth technology for emotional well-being among the older adults with a family cancer history: full mediation effects of health information self-efficacy and cancer fatalism

BackgroundOlder adults with a family cancer history (FCH) face an increased cancer risk, which may adversely impact their emotional well-being. Internet-based eHealth technologies (IETs) provide a potential solution to this challenge. This study examines the influence of using IETs on the emotional well-being of older adults with FCH. It also delves into the mediating pathways through health information self-efficacy and cancer fatalism.MethodsThis study conducted a mediation analysis using data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 6) collected from March 2022 to November 2022, focusing on older adults with FCH who had previously searched for cancer-related information (N = 1,280).ResultsIn the mediation model, no positive direct associations between IETs usage and emotional well-being were found. Only health information self-efficacy and cancer fatalism were found to mediate the relationship between IETs usage and emotional well-being serially (β = 0.007, 95% CI [0.003, 0.012]).ConclusionsThe findings inform health information professionals and healthcare practitioners on enhancing the impact of IETs usage on individual health information self-efficacy, which mitigates cancer fatalism, contributing to better emotional well-being in the digital era.

Caregiver perspectives of scoliosis surgery for children with cerebral palsy: a qualitative study

Purpose To explore the perspectives of primary caregivers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) who had spinal surgery for scoliosis. Materials and Methods A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews and guided by qualitative description methodology. Participants were caregivers of children with CP aged 5–18, who had undergone spinal surgery for scoliosis in Australia. The research team included a parent with lived experience. Results Fourteen participants (8 biological mothers), aged 40–49 years, completed online semi-structured interviews. Four themes were identified emerged. Life with a child with CP underpinned all experiences which were founded on familiarity with their child, medical procedures, and hospitalisation. Three subthemes were parents are the experts in knowing their child, children are vulnerable, and impact on caregivers. Theme 2 involved the significance of decision making to proceed with surgery. Theme 3 underscored a need to be prepared for the surgical journey and, in Theme 4, participants spoke of needing to expect the unexpected. Conclusion The findings highlight the importance of understanding caregiver experiences and can help inform health professionals and other families in the decision-making process, preparing for and navigating spinal surgery.

Modelling spatiotemporal variation in under-five malaria risk in Ghana in 2016–2021

BackgroundGhana is among the top 10 highest malaria burden countries, with about 20,000 children dying annually, 25% of which were under five years. This study aimed to produce interactive web-based disease spatial maps and identify the high-burden malaria districts in Ghana.MethodsThe study used 2016–2021 data extracted from the routine health service nationally representative and comprehensive District Health Information Management System II (DHIMS2) implemented by the Ghana Health Service. Bayesian geospatial modelling and interactive web-based spatial disease mapping methods were employed to quantify spatial variations and clustering in malaria risk across 260 districts. For each district, the study simultaneously mapped the observed malaria counts, district name, standardized incidence rate, and predicted relative risk and their associated standard errors using interactive web-based visualization methods.ResultsA total of 32,659,240 malaria cases were reported among children < 5 years from 2016 to 2021. For every 10% increase in the number of children, malaria risk increased by 0.039 (log-mean 0.95, 95% credible interval = − 13.82–15.73) and for every 10% increase in the number of males, malaria risk decreased by 0.075, albeit not statistically significant (log-mean − 1.82, 95% credible interval = − 16.59–12.95). The study found substantial spatial and temporal differences in malaria risk across the 260 districts. The predicted national relative risk was 1.25 (95% credible interval = 1.23, 1.27). The malaria risk is relatively the same over the entire year. However, a slightly higher relative risk was recorded in 2019 while in 2021, residing in Keta, Abuakwa South, Jomoro, Ahafo Ano South East, Tain, Nanumba North, and Tatale Sanguli districts was associated with the highest malaria risk ranging from a relative risk of 3.00 to 4.83. The district-level spatial patterns of malaria risks changed over time.ConclusionThis study identified high malaria risk districts in Ghana where urgent and targeted control efforts are required. Noticeable changes were also observed in malaria risk for certain districts over some periods in the study. The findings provide an effective, actionable tool to arm policymakers and programme managers in their efforts to reduce malaria risk and its associated morbidity and mortality in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3.2 for limited public health resource settings, where universal intervention across all districts is practically impossible.

The Red Cross Red Crescent Health Information System (RCHIS): an electronic medical records and health information management system for the red cross red crescent emergency response units

BackgroundThe Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (RCRC) utilizes specialized Emergency Response Units (ERUs) for international disaster response. However, data collection and reporting within ERUs have been time-consuming and paper-based. The Red Cross Red Crescent Health Information System (RCHIS) was developed to improve clinical documentation and reporting, ensuring accuracy and ease of use while increasing compliance with reporting standards.Case presentationRCHIS is an Electronic Medical Record (EMR) and Health Information System (HIS) designed for RCRC ERUs. It can be accessed on Android tablets or Windows laptops, both online and offline. The system securely stores data on Microsoft Azure cloud, with synchronization facilitated through a local ERU server. The functional architecture covers all clinical functions of ERU clinics and hospitals, incorporating user-friendly features. A pilot study was conducted with the Portuguese Red Cross (PRC) during a large-scale event. Thirteen super users were trained and subsequently trained the staff. During the four-day pilot, 77 user accounts were created, and 243 patient files were documented. Feedback indicated that RCHIS was easy to use, requiring minimal training time, and had sufficient training for full utilization. Real-time reporting facilitated coordination with the civil defense authority.ConclusionsThe development and pilot use of RCHIS demonstrated its feasibility and efficacy within RCRC ERUs. The system addressed the need for an EMR and HIS solution, enabling comprehensive clinical documentation and supporting administrative reporting functions. The pilot study validated the training of trainers’ approach and paved the way for further domestic use of RCHIS. RCHIS has the potential to improve patient safety, quality of care, and reporting efficiency within ERUs. Automated reporting reduces the burden on ERU leadership, while electronic compilation enhances record completeness and correctness. Ongoing feedback collection and feature development continue to enhance RCHIS’s functionality. Further trainings took place in 2023 and preparations for international deployments are under way. RCHIS represents a significant step toward improved emergency medical care and coordination within the RCRC and has implications for similar systems in other Emergency Medical Teams.

Management Information Systems Towards Improving the Quality of Nursing Care Services: A Literature Review

Background: Many developing countries are striving to further develop health information technology at the healthcare service level, particularly through the implementation of electronic health records (EHR). Objectives: This research aims to evaluate the quality and impact of implementing electronic health records in healthcare services from various perspectives. Methods: The research design employed in this study is a literature review, involving the collection of articles from selected databases, including PubMed and Cochrane. The article search started from the year 2014, and the Boolean operators used were "Electronic Health Record" OR "Electronic Medical Record" OR "EHR" AND "Quality" OR "Documentation" OR "Quality Documentation" OR "Quality Care" AND "Nurs*". The research design incorporated into this study is observational. Results: The use of Electronic Health Records (EHR) has a significantly positive impact on various healthcare service sectors. Hospitals that have fully implemented EHR show a significant improvement in the quality of patient medical records, a decrease in information delivery delays, and a reduction in patient admission costs. Conclusion: Investment in EHR technology can be considered a crucial step in enhancing the quality and efficiency of healthcare services while reducing operational costs. However, it is important to note that EHR implementation is not a straightforward task and requires consideration of various factors mentioned above to achieve optimal results in health information management.

Understanding equity and diversity needs among health library professionals in Canada: a survey.

Objective: The Canadian Health Libraries’ Association (CHLA/ABSC) Equity, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI) Task Force conducted an EDI survey in 2023. In addition to gathering information about the demography, education, and employment of health information professionals working in Canadian institutions, the goal of the survey was to assess the support, education and leadership needs of the association in matters relating to diversity and inclusion.&#x0D; Methods: A survey was created based on EDI surveys conducted previously by similar associations, with additional questions relevant to health information professionals in Canada and CHLA/ABSC’s role in matters of EDI. The survey, consisting of 31 questions and employing a variety of formats, was translated into French and administered via SurveyMonkey. It was distributed through email and other channels over the course of two weeks in January 2023.&#x0D; Results: One hundred and sixty-six health information professionals completed the 2023 survey. Most (83%) were CHLA/ABSC members and sixty-three percent were members of CHLA/ABSC chapters. Most were employed in full-time permanent positions (91%) as librarians (67%) or in administration/management positions (16%). Nearly half worked in post-secondary institutions (42%) and half worked in hospital libraries (43%), and most have access to professional development funds from their employers (84%). Most of the respondents do not belong to a visible minority group (86%), do not consider themselves to be of Indigenous ancestry (96%), do not consider themselves to have a disability (72%), and do not identify as 2SLGBTQIA+ (79%). Fifty-nine percent were aged between 35 and 54 years old and sixty-eight percent had less than fifteen years of experience. Slightly over half (54%) reported a salary between $65,000 and $99,999. Respondents indicated that they felt welcome and included (78%) and treated with respect (84%) at CHLA/ABSC events, that there were opportunities within CHLA/ABSC for them to participate at levels they felt comfortable with (82%) and that they felt comfortable sharing their personal perspectives and experiences within CHLA/ABSC (65%).&#x0D; Conclusion: The survey illustrates that CHLA/ABSC consists of a very homogeneous group of professionals. While the majority of members felt welcomed, respected, and were given opportunities to participate in association work and activities, there is definitely room for improvement. Generally, respondents felt that CHLA/ABSC should continue to listen and improve its EDI work by engaging and collaborating with members to deliver current and relevant networking and CE opportunities.

Blockchain technology for health information management: a case of Zimbabwe

Blockchain technology for health information management: a case of Zimbabwe

Influence of Work Motivation, Information Sharing and Information Use on Career Fulfilment of Health Information Managers in Teaching Hospitals, Nigeria

Influence of Work Motivation, Information Sharing and Information Use on Career Fulfilment of Health Information Managers in Teaching Hospitals, Nigeria

Sikap Sopan Santun yang Harus Dimiliki Mahasiswa

Manners are a determinant of the quality of a teenager's personality. Because everyone can be smart, but not everyone has good manners within themselves. What's more, as the times progress, politeness in teenagers is decreasing, where this is mostly caused by promiscuity . The results of research conducted at STIKes Santa Elisabeth Medan used a descriptive design with a quantitative approach. Descriptive research is used to analyze data by describing or describing the data that has been collected as it is without the intention of making general conclusions or generalizations. Results are the main part of a scientific article, containing: clean results without data analysis process, hypothesis testing results. The objectives of the discussion are: Answering research problems, interpreting findings, integrating findings from research into existing bodies of knowledge and developing new theories or modifying existing theories. Suggestions that can be given by researchers to students, especially health information management students, are to continue to maintain an attitude which according to the research results is quite good and try to continue to improve polite behavior not only in the lecture environment but wherever they are and also avoid all impolite behavior, and for lecturers to give firmer warnings to students who break the rules or who behave impolitely so that students pay more attention to politeness or can also give rewards or praise to students who behave well so that students feel happy if they have behave well SPEECH.

Electronic Health Record Adoption in Oral and Dental Health Centres in Turkey

The digitalisation studies in public hospitals in Turkey started with the Health Transformation Program in 2003. The Ministry of Health has been measuring the dissemination of meaningful usage and adoption of electronic health record (EHR) using Electronic Medical Record Adoption Model (EMRAM) and Outpatient Electronic Medical Record Adoption Model (O-EMRAM). Using a comprehensive survey, our study intends to measure the stage of EHR adoption in oral and dental health centres (ODHCs) providing primary healthcare services in Turkey. The results obtained were classified by basic and comprehensive EHR functions and benchmarked against the studies addressing EHR adoption in primary healthcare institutions of other countries. In 2021, 167 ODHCs/oral and dental health hospitals (ODHHs) actively operating in Turkey completed the O-EMRAM survey. The data obtained from the survey results were analysed with QlikView Personal Edition. The availability and prevalence of medical information systems and EHR functions and their use were measured. It is observed that 59 (40.7%) of ODHCs/ODHHs have comprehensive EHR functions, while the remaining 86 (59.3%) have basic EHR functions. Under these circumstances, it can be stated that all ODHCs/ODHHs in Turkey use at least basic EHR functions. All ODHCs/ODHHs in Turkey have at least basic EHR functions. The integration of e-prescription, electronic authorisation system and e-Pulse used throughout Turkey and Health Information Management System Society (HIMSS) used in ODHCs/ODHHs can be listed as one of the decisive factors in this result. ODHCs/ODHHs still have a long way to go in adopting EHR, but the current circumstances are also promising. It is considered that this study will serve as a baseline for future measurements and produce a notable result for decision-makers.

Perceptions of students and faculty on NCAAA-accredited health informatics programs in Saudi Arabia: an evaluative study

BackgroundAs the healthcare sector becomes increasingly reliant on technology, it is crucial for universities to offer bachelor’s degrees in health informatics (HI). HI professionals bridge the gap between IT and healthcare, ensuring that technology complements patient care and clinical workflows; they promote enhanced patient outcomes, support clinical research, and uphold data security and privacy standards. This study aims to evaluate accredited HI academic programs in Saudi Arabia.MethodsThis study employed a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional design utilising a self-reported electronic questionnaire consisting of predetermined items and response alternatives. Probability-stratified random sampling was also performed.ResultThe responses rates were 39% (n = 241) for students and 62% (n = 53) for faculty members. While the participants expressed different opinions regarding the eight variables being examined, the faculty members and students generally exhibited a strong level of consensus on many variables. A notable association was observed between facilities and various other characteristics, including student engagement, research activities, admission processes, and curriculum. Similarly, a notable correlation exists between student engagement and the curriculum in connection to research, attrition, the function of faculty members, and academic outcomes.ConclusionWhile faculty members and students hold similar views about the institution and its offerings, certain areas of divergence highlight the distinct perspectives and priorities of each group. The perception disparity between students and faculty in areas such as admission, faculty roles, and internships sheds light on areas of improvement and alignment for universities.

Online Health Information Seeking and Preventative Health Actions: Cross-Generational Online Survey Study.

The popularity of online health information seeking (OHIS) has increased significantly owing to its accessibility and affordability. To facilitate better health management, it is essential to comprehend the generational differences in OHIS behavior and preventative health actions after seeking online health information (OHI). This study investigates the variations in OHIS and engagement in preventative health actions between 2 generations based on their technology use (digital natives [aged 18-42 years] and digital immigrants [aged ≥43 years]). Additionally, this research explores the mediating role of OHIS types on the generational effect on preventative health actions and the moderating role of OHI search frequency, gender, and the presence of chronic diseases on the generational effect on OHIS types and preventative health actions. A preregistered online survey was conducted on the Prolific online data collection platform using stratified sampling of 2 generations (digital natives and digital immigrants) from the United States in November 2023. Overall, 3 types of OHIS were collected: health wellness information search, health guidance information search, and health management information search. A 1-way analysis of covariance tested the generational differences in types of OHIS and preventative health actions, and a 2-way analysis of covariance tested the moderating role of OHIS search frequency, gender, and the presence of chronic diseases using 7 control variables. The PROCESS Macro Model 4 was used to conduct mediation analyses, testing OHI search types as mediators. Linear regression analyses tested age as a predictor of OHIS and preventative health actions. The analysis of 1137 responses revealed generational differences in OHIS. Digital natives searched for health wellness information more frequently (P<.001), whereas digital immigrants searched for health guidance (P<.001) and health management information (P=.001) more frequently. There were no significant differences between the 2 generations regarding preventative health actions (P=.85). Moreover, all 3 types of OHIS mediated the relationship between generational differences and preventative health actions. Furthermore, as people aged, they searched for significantly less health wellness information (P<.001) and more health guidance (P<.001), and health management information (P=.003). Age was not a significant predictor of preventative health actions (P=.48). The frequency of OHI searches did not moderate the effect of generations on OHIS types and preventative health actions. Gender only moderated the relationship between generation and health guidance information search (P=.02), and chronic diseases only moderated the relationship between generation and health wellness information search (P=.03). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to explore how 2 digital generations vary in terms of searching for OHI and preventative health behaviors. As the older adult population grows, it is crucial to understand their OHIS behavior and how they engage in preventative health actions to enhance their quality of life.

Design and evaluation of child abuse web-based application for parent education & strengthen

BackgroundChild abuse is one of the major health and social problems in the world and has severe short-term and long-term consequences on children’s psychological, social and physical functioning. One of the effective strategies to control and prevent child abuse is training parent through web-based applications. The aim of this study is to design and evaluation of child abuse web-based application for parent education and strengthen.MethodsThis study is an applied-developmental study that performed in Razi Educational and Therapeutic Center in Tabriz. The study consisted of three main phases. The requirements assessment and design phases were completed between November 2022 and February 2023. The research community was parents referring to Razi Center and convenience sampling was used to select the samples. In firststage, a questionnaire was designed by searching in library sources and consulting with specialists for needs assessment and application design. The questionnaire was completed by psychiatric specialists, health information management and health information technology.Finally, the usability of designed application was evaluated with the participation of 30 parents and specialists.ResultsBased on the identified information elements and capabilities, a child abuse web-based application was designed. Application capabilities were such as concepts of child abuse, prevention and treatment strategies, parenting skills, childrens behavioral disorders, child abuse laws and interaction with clinical specialists. Finally, the result of the web-based application usability evaluation was evaluated at a good level equal to an average of 7.6 out of a total of 9 points.ConclusionsThe possibility of expressing experiences, exchanging message, attractiveness, ease of use, and accessibility of parents, they were designed as application features. The usability of the web-based application was satisfactory to users in various of overall functionality, display, terminology, learning ability and overall application capability.

Edukasi Pemeliharaan Dokumen Rekam Medis di Ruang Filing

Medical record documents are a source of information for health workers in carrying out data analysis, planning, making decisions to provide services and become accountability files for proof of services that need to be maintained until the time limit according to agreed and established rules. The stages of activities carried out consist of the preparation and implementation stages. and evaluation. The preparation stage includes a pre-test questionnaire, preparation of material by the facilitator, preparation of educational media in the form of banners and leaflets as well as a post-test questionnaire which is carried out the day before the counseling is carried out. Implementation stages include the delivery of educational material regarding maintaining medical record documents in the filing room. showed an increase in the average (mean) in the pretest distributed to participants before counseling activities, namely 57.17 and after counseling, namely 75.78. The difference in standard deviation before counseling is 2.706 and after counseling is 3.590. From the results of the percentage analysis, there was an increase in the percentage of students' overall knowledge of all educational aspects of maintaining medical records in the filing room delivered by the facilitator. Health education activities regarding how to maintain medical record documents in the filing room for Health Information Management study program students saw an increase in knowledge. Knowledge increased by 75.78 points after health education was implemented. The average increase in knowledge scores occurred because health education used methods and medians that could namely lectures and discussions.&#x0D;  &#x0D;  

Canadian employers’ perspectives on a new framework for health informatics competencies

Competencies are the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to operate and perform successfully in the workplace. Due to the evolving nature of health informatics, it is important continuously examine and refine competencies in this field. In this study, we administered a questionnaire to Canadian employers (N = 29) of health informatics cooperative education (co-op) students to garner their feedback on competencies within a New Health Informatics Professional Competencies Framework. Overall, the findings supported this new framework. An average of ratings within each of the four competency categories revealed that participants perceived Management Science to be the most important, followed by Information & Computer Science, then Health Science and finally Data Science. Further, at least 20 (69 %) respondents rated nine of the 12 competencies as important. Of the 12 competencies, Biological and Clinical Science was rated the lowest. Findings from this study can potentially be used to inform curricula, career progression, and hiring practices in health informatics. Future work includes refining the questionnaire to assess the competencies more comprehensively and potentially exploring the importance of more transferable skills or general competencies (e.g., communication, problem-solving). Additionally, we want to survey a broader sample of health informatics professionals and integrate recent national and international work on health informatics competencies. Future work is also recommended towards the development of a maturity model for competencies of more experienced health informatics professionals.

Methodologies and key considerations for implementing the International Classification of Diseases-11th revision morbidity coding: insights from a national pilot study in China.

The aim of this study was to disseminate insights from a nationwide pilot of the International Classification of Diseases-11th revision (ICD-11). The strategies and methodologies employed to implement the ICD-11 morbidity coding in 59 hospitals in China are described. The key considerations for the ICD-11 implementation were summarized based on feedback obtained from the pilot hospitals. Coding accuracy and Krippendorff's alpha reliability were computed based on the coding results in the ICD-11 exam. Among the 59 pilot hospitals, 58 integrated ICD-11 Coding Software into their health information management systems and 56 implemented the ICD-11 in morbidity coding, resulting in 3723959 diagnoses for 873425 patients being coded over a 2-month pilot coding phase. The key considerations in the transition to the ICD-11 in morbidity coding encompassed the enrichment of ICD-11 content, refinement of tools, provision of systematic and tailored training, improvement of clinical documentation, promotion of downstream data utilization, and the establishment of a national process and mechanism for implementation. The overall coding accuracy was 82.9% when considering the entire coding field (including postcoordination) and 92.2% when only one stem code was considered. Krippendorff's alpha was 0.792 (95% CI, 0.788-0.796) and 0.799 (95% CI, 0.795-0.803) with and without consideration of the code sequence, respectively. This nationwide pilot study has enhanced national technical readiness for the ICD-11 implementation in morbidity, elucidating key factors warranting careful consideration in future endeavors. The good accuracy and intercoder reliability of the ICD-11 coding achieved following a brief training program underscore the potential for the ICD-11 to reduce training costs and provide high-quality health data. Experiences and lessons learned from this study have contributed to WHO's work on the ICD-11 and can inform other countries when formulating their transition plan.

Drug Discovery and the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Human Healthcare

Abstract: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare and drug development has catalyzed an era of change in medical research and patient care. This research paper examines the evolving landscape of drug development and highlights the central role of artificial intelligence in advancing human healthcare. By combining data-driven approaches with advanced machine learning algorithms, AI can transform target identification, molecular screening, lead optimization and clinical trial design. In healthcare, AI applications include medical image analysis, disease diagnosis, personalized medicine, electronic health information management and more, promising better patient care, cost reduction and advances in medical research. However, these innovations come with challenges such as data protection, bias, regulatory barriers and ethical issues. The article highlights the potential of AI in drug development and healthcare and discusses similar AI-based solutions and methods. It also addresses issues related to data protection, interoperability, data quality, regulatory approval, ethical issues and resource constraints. Responsible development and implementation are critical to the safety and effectiveness of healthcare AI applications. Future work includes improving explainability, promoting knowledge sharing and collaboration, creating ethical frameworks, adapting regulatory processes, integrating AI into clinical practice, and addressing global health disparities. Through collaboration and continued research, AI holds the promise of revolutionizing healthcare, leading to better patient outcomes and a brighter future for medicine.