University Health Research Articles

Effect of Green Tea Extract in Conjunction with Exercise Prices of Training on Anaerobic Performances in College Students’ Outcomes

To evaluate the effects of various interventions on anaerobic power, fatigue index, and overall performance in college students. Participants were 30 college students aged 18-22 years from Sichuan Vocational College of Health. Their height, weight, and anaerobic capacity were measured using the running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST). We divided the students into three groups of 10 participants each, consisting of 3 males and 7 females, based on their RAST test scores. Group 1 received a placebo (500 mg) combined with 4 weeks of athletic training; Group 2 received a single dose of 500 mg of green tea extract with exercise; and Group 3 received 500 mg of green tea extract combined with 4 weeks of athletic training. Before-and-after-experimental data research designs were compared using a t-test analysis, while differences between groups were assessed. The results showed that statistically significant were not differences in anaerobic capacity for Group 1, while Group 2 displayed significant improvements in anaerobic capacity and mean power among female students (p<.05). Group 3: students’ exercise training on anaerobic power, fatigue index, and mean power variables are differences, significant for both male and female students (p<.05). Confirmation of the effect of green tea extract in conjunction with exercise prices of training on anaerobic performance in college students’ outcomes between each paired-group using one-way ANOVA, the results revealed that the four variables are differences, significant in anaerobic power, average power, and fatigue index across the groups, and Group 3 indicating the most notable improvements. Suggestions that, combining green tea extract with prolonged athletic training significantly improves anaerobic capacity, particularly in female participants. These results highlight the potential benefits of green tea extract in enhancing athletic performance, warranting further research to explore its long-term effects and optimize exercise interventions.

Assessment and evaluation of attitudes, knowledge, and barriers to evidence-based practice among Fatima college of health sciences educators, UAE

Evidence-based practices are widely acknowledged as important in improving healthcare quality and achieving excellence in patient care. It is necessary to teach students how to implement evidence-based practice in clinical. Health sciences educators' awareness of evidence-based practice plays an essential role in implementing this concept in practice which will be reflected in the student's performance and enhance patient care in the future. This study aimed to assess attitudes, beliefs, knowledge, and behaviour regarding evidence-based practice among allied healthcare educators of Fatima College of Health Science (FCHS). This is a cross-sectional survey study. The survey was distributed among 165 healthcare professional educators in nursing, radiography and medical imaging, physiotherapy, paramedics, psychology, pharmacy, and general requirements departments at the four campuses of the Fatima College of Health Sciences: Al-Dhafra, Abu-Dhabi, Al-Ain, and Ajman. The response rate was 33.3% (n=55). The result showed that the most preferred source of information for educators was electronic research engines 55% (n=30). The data obtained indicated that approximately 95% (n=52) of educators believe that Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) improves patient care, enhances outcomes, and supports sound clinical decision-making. Additionally, 91% of educators agree that the concept of EBP should be incorporated into all college programs. However, the primary barrier to implementing EBP is identified as a lack of time. The study revealed a positive attitude toward EBP among FCHS educators but highlighted the need for more knowledge-sharing opportunities. Time constraints were the main challenge.

Study of Prevalence of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder in Nursing Students

Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a common yet underdiagnosed mental health problem among women of reproductive age group with a significant potential to perturb social, academic, occupational, and interpersonal milieu of suffering women. The aim of this study is to see the Prevalence of PMDD in Nursing Students. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among the nursing students of the Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences Nursing School, Jammu and they were screened for the presence of PMDD using the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool. Results: Prevalence of moderate to severe Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) was 28.1% and PMDD was 6.1%. The commonest premenstrual symptom among the cases was fatigue or lack of energy. In the moderate to severe PMS category, it was anger, and in the PMDD category, it was anxiety. Impairment of college efficiency, or productivity was in 81.3% and 100.0% of students having moderate to severe PMS and PMDD, respectively. Conclusion: PMS and PMDD were prevalent among a substantial proportion of nursing students with significant negative influence on academic performance, emotional well-being and behavior. Strategies should be adopted in college health programs for the timely recognition and management of PMS and PMDD in nursing students.

Influence of Fitness Exercise Recommendations on College Athletes' Mental Health

At present, there are problems in teaching and teachers in colleges and universities, and college physical education and health care students do not get effective exercise, and their physical fitness indexes have decreased and mental health problems have appeared. In this paper, the effect of fitness exercise prescription on the mental health of college physical education students is the research goal, and the purpose and requirements of exercise for the students are analyzed by using questionnaires and experimental research. The effect of different exercise prescriptions on the mental health of physical education and health care students was studied. The results showed that fitness exercise prescriptions had positive effects on the mental health, physical health and hobbies of college physical education and health care students. This study provides theoretical data to support the influence of fitness exercise prescription on the mental health of college physical education and health care students.

Nasal carriage of MRSA among clinically affiliated undergraduate students at the College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia

Medical and health science students are among the demographics most at risk from Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which is a serious hazard to public health. The main reservoir for MRSA is the nasal cavity, and colonization of this area can raise the risk of infection and transmission in healthcare settings. This study aimed to assess the nasal carriage rate of MRSA among clinically affiliated students at Haramaya University, College of Health and Medicine Sciences, Ethiopia, from July to August 2022. An institution-based cross-sectional study of 250 study participants was conducted using a stratified random sampling methods. The data were collected via structured questionnaires. Nasal swabs were cultured on mannitol salt agar and blood agar at 37 °C for 24 h. Staphylococcus aureus was identified using catalase and coagulase tests. The MRSA was screened using the cefoxitin disk diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar. The data were entered and analyzed by SPSS version 25. Pearson’s chi-square test was performed to predict associations between variables. A p value less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. The nasal carriage rate of S. aureus was 8% (95% CI: 4.6-11.3%). The Nasal carriage rate of MRSA was 4.8% (95% CI: 2.1-7.4%). Overall, 4.8% of all the students were identified as MRSA carriers. MRSA carriage was high among medical students (33.3%). Nose-picking habit (X2 = 16.7, P = 0.001) and dormitory occupancy (X2 = 3.6, P = 0.045) were significantly associated with the MRSA rate. All the MRSA strains were resistant to penicillin and ampicillin. However, all the MRSA strains were susceptible to chloramphenicol and clindamycin. This study revealed that MRSA is a threat due to significant resistance. Nasal carriage is associated with nose picking and dorm occupancy. Encourage practices such as avoiding nose picking and maintaining personal cleanliness. Regular cleaning and disinfection of shared spaces can reduce the presence of MRSA.

Behavioral weight loss interventions in college health centers: A qualitative analysis of barriers and facilitators to implementation.

Emerging adults are underrepresented in standard behavioral weight loss interventions (BWLIs). Offering BWLIs in college health centers may help to address obesity in emerging adulthood by reducing student barriers associated with participation; however, implementation barriers and facilitators for health centers are unknown. Health services center administrators and providers (n=14) and students eligible to participate in a BWLI (n=9, average BMI=29.8±4.2kg/m2) participated in semi-structured interviews. Interviews focused on the need for and appropriateness of BWLIs in health centers and perceived barriers and facilitators to their implementation. Participants generally believed that BWLIs delivered through a health center were appropriate and indicated that BWLIs would be a beneficial offering on-campus. Facilitators of health center implementation included availability of trained health professionals, intradepartmental relationships, supportive infrastructure and resources, and in-house planning and execution. Barriers included limited student use and knowledge of health center offerings, narrow referral/recruitment pathways related to stigma concerns, and challenges related to infrastructure, resources, and competing demands. College health centers are a feasible and appropriate setting to offer BWLIs, though barriers to implementation exist. It will be important to construct a plan for implementation to address unique barriers in health centers prior to BWLI implementation.

Internal factors influencing students' decisions in choosing a public health study program, faculty of public health, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, 2024

Background: The existence of public health colleges is very important to train professionals to handle various public health challenges. Data shows that Indonesia has 3,107 universities, of which 95.97% are private universities. In the field of public health, the Faculty of Public Health of Halu Oleo University (UHO), which was established in 2011, shows significant development with two study programs and six specializations relevant to the needs of the community. The increasing interest in the UHO Public Health Study Program, which is accredited B, reflects the high public interest in this field. Public health graduates have broad employment opportunities, thanks to the interdisciplinary skills they acquire. This study aims to analyze the factors that affect students' decisions in choosing a specialization in the UHO Public Health Study Program, which is expected to provide insights for curriculum development and strategies to increase learning interest in the field of public health. Methods: The research method uses a quantitative approach with an exploratory research type. The sample in this study is active students of each batch in the public health study program, Faculty of Public Health, Halu Oleo University. The number of samples was 392 respondents. The sampling technique uses Proportionated Stratified Random Sampling. Data analysis using SMARTPLS 4. Results: The results showed that there was no influence of image with a path coefficient output value of 0.040 and a construct value below 1.96 of 0.089 and a p value of 0.373 >0.05; there was an influence of interest with a path coeficient output value of 0.327 and a construct value above 1.96 of 6.854 and a p value of 0.000 <0.05; there was a psychological influence with a path coeficient output value of 0.327 and a construct value above 1.96 0.265 and the construction value above 1.96 is 5.270 and the p value is 0.000 <0.05; There is an influence of lecturers with a path efficiency output value of 0.308 and a construct value above 1.96 which is 6.854 and a p value of 0.000 <0.05 with a student decision in choosing the Public Health study program, Faculty of Public Health, Halu Oleo university. Conclusion: There is an influence of interest, psychology, and lecturers on students' decisions in choosing the Public Health study program and there is no influence on the student's decision in choosing the Public Health study program, Faculty of Public Health, Halu Oleo University. Therefore, the management of the study program needs to improve the quality of academic services and organizational development within the scope of FKM UHO by implementing various organizational development strategies through expanding academic access, providing infrastructure and facilities, and improving human resources. And the faculty needs to develop cross-sector cooperation to improve student competence so that the graduates produced are competent and ready to work

Prevalence of pharmacotherapy for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and prescription stimulant misuse: A national study of US college students

AbstractBackground and aimsIncreasing rates of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pharmacotherapy may simultaneously benefit patients and increase the availability of stimulants for misuse. We measured the association between university‐level prevalence of ADHD medication treatment and prevalence of prescription stimulant misuse (PSM) among college students.Design, setting and participantsThis was an observational study using cross‐sectional data from the American College Health Association–National College Health Assessment III. Data included 395 participating universities between Fall 2019 and Fall 2022. Our sample included 224 469 undergraduates aged 18–25 years (65.2% cisgender female; 58.7% White).MeasurementsStudents self‐reported any life‐time clinical ADHD diagnosis, past‐year ADHD medication treatment and past‐3‐month PSM. We defined university‐level ADHD medication prevalence as the proportion of included students endorsing past‐year ADHD medication treatment. Secondary outcomes included life‐time PSM and moderate‐ to high‐risk alcohol and cannabis use. We also measured university‐level depression medication prevalence as a negative control exposure.FindingsAmong the included students, 9.6% reported a life‐time clinical ADHD diagnosis, 5.1% reported past‐year medication treatment and 2.4% reported past‐3‐month PSM. The prevalence of ADHD medication treatment varied among universities [mean = 5.3%, standard deviation (SD) = 2.8%]. In adjusted models, prevalence of PSM was 7% relatively greater for every 1% increase in university‐level medication prevalence [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–1.09]. Further, individuals with non‐medication‐treated ADHD were 40% more likely to report PSM than those without ADHD (aPR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.25–1.56). There was no statistically significant difference in PSM among individuals with ADHD who did or did not receive medication (aPR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.78–1.04). Results for secondary outcomes and the negative control partially supported the specificity of the findings.ConclusionsAmong university students in the United States, there appears to be a positive association between attending universities with a greater prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication treatment and risk of prescription stimulant misuse (PSM). This study provides further support for the possibility that ADHD medication treatment prevalence is a risk factor for PSM.

Correlates of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among college students in the United States

Introduction HIV rates in the US continue to be high despite the availability of effective prevention medication such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Little is known about how undergraduate college students engaging with campus healthcare services use PrEP. This study of a national sample of undergraduate college students explored the sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with PrEP use. Methods Data were collected as part of the National College Health Assessment (NCHA). Logistic regression models were used to estimate the likelihood of PrEP use. Results PrEP use was low (3.0%) and was associated with recent anal sex and identifying as men or transwomen. Being unsure about one’s HIV testing history was associated with higher odds of PrEP use, a potential concern considering how crucial HIV testing is to PrEP adherence. Discussion College students may benefit from more explicit discussions around HIV tests and the results of those tests as well as targeted messaging campaigns around PrEP.

Undergraduate health science students’ knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceived barriers towards research at Kuwait university: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Introduction Research is the most reliable strategy to advance scientific understanding and enhance multiple healthcare services1. Integrating undergraduate health science students into research at an early stage is an important step towards improving critical thinking and problem-based solving, which in return enhances patient health outcomes2. Aim The aim of this study was to assess undergraduate health science students’ knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceived barriers towards research at Kuwait University. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate health science students from the Colleges of Pharmacy, Medicine, Allied Health, Dentistry, and Public Health at Kuwait University. A self-administered online questionnaire consisting of five sections was used. The first section included questions to assess the demographic characteristics. The second section aimed to assess the knowledge of undergraduate students regarding basic research (score = low ≤3, moderate 4-5, high >5). The third section assessed attitude toward research by a five-point Likert scale (score = negative 31-75, neutral 76-110, positive 111-155). The fourth section of the questionnaire aimed to assess the perception of the barriers toward research practice (score = low 0-50, moderate 51-75, high 76-100). Finally, a section with eight questions on research practices. The questionnaire was distributed through online educational and social media platforms, such as WhatsApp and Microsoft Teams. Students from any academic year and who were enrolled as health science students at the time of the study were eligible to participate. The questionnaire was pilot tested prior to distribution. The recommended sample size was calculated using Raosoft (344 students)3. Ethical approval was received from The Health Sciences Ethical Committee, Kuwait University (reference: VDR/EC-393). Results A total of 364 undergraduate medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, allied health and public health students participated in the study. The participants were from different academic stages, ranging from first-year to seventh-year. The results showed that the students possessed moderate knowledge levels, with a median of 3 out of 8 according to the scoring system of the study. Most students had neutral attitudes (N=253; 69.5%) and moderate levels of perceived barriers (N=200; 54.9%). Medical and pharmacy students had significantly higher knowledge levels compared to the others (p<0.001; Kruskal-Wallis). The majority of students agreed that the lack of time is a barrier towards conducting research (N=237; 65.1%). Almost one half of the study participants took part in research projects (N=175; 48.1%) and a promising number of students had publications or poster presentations (N=67; 18.4%). Discussion/Conclusion The results suggest that undergraduate health science students at Kuwait University possess moderate research knowledge and have neutral attitudes towards research. Time constraints were the most frequently reported barrier to participation. While nearly half of the students participated in research projects, implementing mandatory research projects and providing research methodology workshops could significantly enhance student knowledge, attitudes, and future research engagement. A key limitation in this study is that observed relationships may not reflect long-term shifts in knowledge, attitudes, or practices. The study was also conducted in one university (Kuwait University), therefore the findings and results cannot be generalized to other undergraduate students.

Relapsed AML in a Patient Presenting to a College Health Center: A Case Report

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) represents nearly 40% of all cancers affecting the adolescent and young adult (AYA) population. Although overall survival has improved, cure rates for AYAs lag behind younger leukemia patients. The primary care provider (PCP), including the college health provider, is a crucial member of the medical team for children and AYA cancer survivors. In the college setting, the PCP plays a key role in close monitoring for relapse and late effects. This case highlights the presentation of a college student to their university's health center for complaints later found to be due to relapsed leukemia. The PCP must distinguish the unique needs of AYA cancer survivors to provide early recognition and referral to treatment for concerns.

Nutrient profile models for front-of-pack nutrition labelling: a systematic review

BackgroundFront-of-pack nutrition labelling (FOPNL) is a key policy to tackle diet-related non-communicable diseases. All types of FOPNL require an underlying nutrient profile model (NPM). Nutrient profiling is a scientific method for classifying foods according to their nutritional composition. This review aimed to identify all NPMs developed and/or used for FOPNL, to assist with the selection of appropriate NPMs to underpin nutrition policies, namely supporting the WHO Regional Office for Europe developing template NPMs for FOPNL. MethodsWe searched peer-reviewed databases (MEDLINE, CAB Abstracts, OvidSP, and Scopus) and grey literature (Overton and Google). Searches were limited to articles published in English, Spanish or Portuguese, and published between Jan 1, 2016, and May 4, 2023, building on a comparable review conducted by Labonté et al. in 2016. To be eligible for inclusion, NPMs developed for FOPNL had to allow for the classification or ranking of individual foods, be developed or endorsed by governmental or inter- governmental organisations and have a publicly available algorithm. FindingsFrom the 957 publications retrieved in the searches, 39 NPMs were included: 13 for warning labels, 12 for nutrient-specific systems (including ‘traffic-light’ labelling), 10 for health endorsements and four for graded summary indicators. Of these, 26 NPMs have been developed and four models updated since 2016. The WHO Region with highest number of models was the Americas (n=13, 33%), followed by the European Region (n=9, 23%) and the Western-Pacific Region (n=7, 18%). InterpretationThere has been a proliferation of new NPMs for FOPNL posing a potential challenge for policymakers in the selection of appropriate models for FOPNL policies. This systematic review facilitates the comparison of these models, demonstrating considerable heterogeneity in the NPMs underlying FOPNL, indicating there is little consensus in what constitutes the most appropriate model and reinforcing the need for more guidance and regional alignment. FundingMSB's DPhil is supported by the Nuffield Department of Population Health and St Cross College Joint Scholarship, as well as by the Saven European Scholarship. JAR is funded by the ESRC (SALIENT: Food System Trials for Healthier People and Planet project, Award ID/ref: ES/Y00311X/1). AK is funded by the Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, the Wellcome Trust (SHIFT (Sustainable Healthy Interventions for Food Transition, Award ID: 227132/Z/23/Z), and the NIHR PHR (COPPER: CO-designing for healthy People and Planet: food Economic policy Research. Award ID: NIHR133887). MJR is funded by the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford.

Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccination Status among University’s Students, Academic and Nonacademic Staff in Mosul, Iraq

Abstract Background: The future frontline combatants in the fight against pandemics will be academic and nonacademic employees and health science students. A successful vaccination program requires an understanding of the factors that influence coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine acceptance. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the influences on COVID-19 vaccination among the health sciences faculty and staff at Al-Noor University College, Mosul, Iraq. Materials and Methods: The study was a self-administered cross-sectional online survey that included employers and Al-Noor University College health sciences students. The individuals’ important information was gathered through the survey, which covered sociodemographic traits, COVID-19 infection, and vaccinations. To identify the COVID-19 vaccination variables, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26 was used. Results: Most of the participants 77%, however, are single. More than 75% of participants were between the ages of 18 and 25 years; the majority were university students. Only 6% of participants held a doctor of philosophy, whereas 91% of participants were healthy. More than 80% of participants had vaccinations, with the Pfizer vaccine being the most common. Age groups and COVID-19 infection, immunizations, vaccine types, infection after vaccination, vaccination frequencies, COVID-19 infection frequencies, and period of infection were found to be significantly correlated. Conclusion: The health department may spread information about the COVID-19 vaccination to raise people’s impressions of their knowledge in light of the study’s findings. People could use anxiety-reduction strategies like mindfulness during the lockdown to assist them in maintaining composure and to help them analyze their coping skills concerning their vaccine confidence.

Evaluation of ADHD knowledge and awareness among healthcare college interns in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neuropsychiatric disorder, is common in children and can persist into adulthood. With or without hyperactivity, it involves chronic impulsivity and inattention. Despite being a widespread illness, there is little research on ADHD knowledge and awareness among health college interns in Riyadh, KSA. Therefore, this study examined health college interns’ knowledge and awareness in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia’s capital. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a self-administered validated survey was used to gather demographics as well as knowledge and awareness scores in King Saud University, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Imam Mohammed ibn Saud, and Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman, and one private Almaarefa University. Results: This study included 322 health college interns aged 18–24; 55% were males. The Saudi Professional Practice Licensure Exams (SPPLE) were passed by 65.5% of participants from King Saud University and KSAU-HS, Riyadh’s leading medical and pharmaceutical universities. They are evenly split throughout the four GPA categories. The interns knowledgeable and aware of ADHD (scored ≥ 13 on a 20-scale score) constituted 68% of the interns. Interns who passed Saudi Professional Practice Licensure Exams graduated from pharmacy and medicine schools, and had ≥4.5 or more GPAs were more knowledgeable than other interns. Conclusion: As per our research, most health college interns in Riyadh were aware of ADHD; however, medical and pharmacy interns were more knowledgeable than others. This suggests that other health colleges should revamp their ADHD and neurological illness topics curricula.

Prognostic value of albumin and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio in patients with acute liver failure in hyperacute phase of sepsis: a multicenter retrospective cohort study

To investigate the prognostic value of albumin (ALB), aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio (AST/ALT) in patients with acute liver failure (ALF) in hyperacute phase of sepsis which provided the basis for clinical evaluation and prognostic judgment and corresponding treatment options. A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted. Patients with ALF in hyperacute phase of sepsis admitted to Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Health College, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, and Shanghai Oriental Hospital from January 2019 to February 2024 were enrolled. General data such as gender and age of the patients were collected. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), liver function indexes [total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), AST, ALT, AST/ALT, ALB, total protein (TP), globulin (GLB), ALB/GLB ratio (A/G), blood amine, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT)], platelet count (PLT), creatinine, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), severity of illness scores [acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA)], serum procalcitonin (PCT), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), arterial blood lactic acid (Lac) within 24 hours after admission, and whether to use mechanical ventilation, whether to use vasoactive drugs, whether to use artificial liver treatment and prognosis during hospitalization also were collected. The differences of clinical data between patients with different prognosis were compared. The variables with statistically significant differences in univariate analysis were included in multivariate Logistic regression analysis to determine the independent risk factors for death of patients with ALF in hyperacute phase of sepsis during hospitalization. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of ALB and AST/ALT for death of patients with ALF in hyperacute phase of sepsis during hospitalization. A total of 73 patients with ALF in hyperacute phase of sepsis were included, with 22 survived and 51 died during hospitalization and the mortality of 69.86%. Compared with the survival group, the patients in the death group had lower ALB, γ-GT within 24 hours after admission and proportion of artificial liver treatment, and higher AST/ALT, SOFA score, LDH and proportion of use of vasoactive drugs. The differences were statistically significant. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ALB and AST/ALT were the independent risk factors for death in patients with ALF in hyperacute phase of sepsis during hospitalization [ALB: odds ratio (OR) = 0.856, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.736-0.996, P = 0.044; AST/ALT: OR = 2.018, 95%CI was 1.137-3.580, P = 0.016]. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of ALB for predicting in-hospital death in patients with ALF in hyperacute phase of sepsis was 0.760 (95%CI was 0.637-0.884, P < 0.001). When ALB ≤ 29.05 g/L, the sensitivity was 68.2%, and the specificity was 76.5%. The AUC of AST/ALT for predicting in-hospital death in patients with ALF in hyperacute phase of sepsis was 0.764 (95%CI was 0.639-0.888, P < 0.001). When AST/ALT ≥ 1.26, the sensitivity was 59.1%, and the specificity was 90.2%. The lower the ALB level, and the higher the AST/ALT within 24 hours after admission, the worse the prognosis of patients with ALF in hyperacute phase of sepsis. ALB and AST/ALT can be used as clinical indicators to evaluate the severity and prognosis of patients with ALF in hyperacute phase of sepsis.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students' psychological distress, well-being, and utilization of mental health services in the United States: populations at greatest risk.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to major disruptions in the lives of university students, which is a population that is already at a greater risk of mental health concerns. Little is known about how the pandemic impacted distress and mental health services utilization among university students across the United States. Using survey data from the National College Health Assessment, both before the COVID-19 pandemic (pre-March 2020, n = 88,986) and during the pandemic (Spring 2021, n = 96,489), the present study examined mental health symptoms and utilization of mental health services among undergraduate students attending four-year universities in the United States. There were notable increases in measures of psychological distress and reductions in well-being from before the pandemic to during the pandemic. However, overall utilization rates of mental health services slightly decreased from pre-pandemic to during the pandemic. Predictors of severe psychological distress included those who experienced loneliness, COVID-19 related stressors, and loss of a loved one from COVID-19. COVID-related stressors and loneliness were associated with higher utilization rates of mental health services, while well-being and resilience were associated with lower utilization rates. Analyses revealed that several demographic groups were at an elevated risk for severe psychological distress, including non-binary, female, and sexual minority students, and especially those who identify as both non-binary and non-heterosexual. Results indicated that students of color, especially female students of color, were less likely to receive mental health services. Future research is needed to increase our understanding of the barriers to mental health service use among high-risk university students.

Polyvictimization and academic performance among college students: Examining differences across sexual and gender identity

Objective: The current study examines the relationship between polyvictimization and academic performance in college across gender and sexual identity. Participants: Participants were from the Spring 2019 administration of the American College Health Association’s National College Health Assessment-II. Methods: Multinomial logistic regression models and negative binomial regression models with and without interaction terms were used to explore if gender and sexual identity are related to academic performance, and if they are differentially related to academic performance when experiencing polyvictimization. Results: The effects of polyvictimization on academic performance are largely similar across all groups, but those identifying as trans/non-binary + and those identifying as a sexual minority had the greatest probability of experiencing academic performance issues. When the effects are different, they show a stronger association for students who are heterosexual and students who are cisgender. Conclusions: These similarities suggest that a need exists to target all students at risk for polyvictimization for intervention efforts.

Eating habits of students of health colleges and non-health colleges at the Northern Border University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Eating habits are important determinants of health. Young adults who have recently transitioned to university life experience stress and lack of time, which are major risk factors for poor eating habits. This study's objectives were to identify and compare eating habits between students at health and non-health colleges at Northern Border University (NBU), Saudi Arabia and to determine the relationship between students' eating habits and their sociodemographic, lifestyle, and psychological factors. This comparative cross-section study was conducted on 480 students equally from health and non-health colleges at NBU from March to April 2023. A pre-designed electronic questionnaire was used to collect data on students' sociodemographic characteristics, eating habits, and diet-related psychological factors. Statistical analyses were carried out using STATA/SE version 11.2 for Windows. Unhealthy eating habits were reported by 44.6% and 41.3% of students at health and non-health colleges, respectively. Most students had irregular meals, skipped breakfast, ate fast food frequently, and consumed insufficient amounts of vegetables, fruits, and water. Parental separation, living away from family predisposed to unhealthy eating habits. Being 21-23 years old, playing sports, and high body mass index were linked to healthy eating habits. Psychological factors such as overeating until the stomach hurts and eating to feel happy were associated with unhealthy eating habits. Unhealthy eating habits were prevalent among students at NBU irrespective of the type of study. Thus, implementing initiatives to promote nutrition and healthy eating habits within the university environment is crucial for health promotion and well-being among students.

Institutional Examples of Applying the SHAPE Appropriate Instructional Practice Guidelines for Higher Education Physical Activity Programs

This educational brief provides examples of applications of the recently updated Society of Health and Physical Educators (SHAPE) Appropriate Instructional Practice Guidelines for Higher Education Physical Activity Programs across several institutions (SHAPE America, 2022). Research has shown that movement and physical activity are essential for managing physical and mental health; therefore, the current low level of physical activity among college students is concerning (American College Health Association, 2024; Rodríguez-Romo et al., 2022). Academic instructional physical activity programs (IPAPs) provide students with quality learning environments that promote and support opportunities for lifelong physical activity and movement. Empowering physical activity instructors with appropriate instructional practices increases the likelihood of positive experiences for both students and instructors. The intent of this brief is to demonstrate how SHAPE IPAP Guidelines are incorporated in universities today. The institutional examples can serve as models to facilitate discussions within other colleges and universities. The information provided will assist program administrators and faculty in developing, better aligning, and supporting their respective IPAP with teaching, administrative, and instructional practices as identified in the SHAPE IPAP Guidelines document.

Alcohol misuse among university students before and during COVID-19: The role of mental health

Objective: Examine predictors of alcohol misuse among university students amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: University students who completed the National College Health Assessment III before, during, and after the pandemic lockdown. Methods: Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined associations between psychological functioning, time spent with family and friends, and problematic alcohol use. Results: Alcohol use decreased, and psychological functioning was poorest one year after COVID-19-related university closures. While indicators of psychological functioning started to improve in the second year after the school closures, alcohol use started to increase. Overall stress, spending more time with friends, and fraternity/sorority residence significantly predicted moderate to high risk for alcohol dependence and binge drinking two years post-pandemic. Severe psychological distress (OR= 1.36, CI = 1.22, 1.52, p < 0.001) predicted moderate to high risk for alcohol dependence but not binge drinking. Conclusion: Innovative mental health interventions are needed to reduce alcohol misuse among university students.