Effective Health Interventions Research Articles

Digital Interventions for Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

The proliferation of digital technology has the potential to transform diabetes management. One of the critical aspects of modern diabetes management remains the achievement of glycemic targets to avoid acute and long-term complications. This study aims to describe the landscape of evidence pertaining to the relative effectiveness or efficacy and safety of various digital interventions for the self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with a primary focus on reducing glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted by searching Embase, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL on April 5, 2022. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by 2 independent reviewers. Eligibility criteria for the SLR included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative observational studies evaluating interventions containing both human (eg, coaching) and digital components (eg, glucose meter) in adult patients with T2DM. The primary meta-analysis was restricted to studies that reported laboratory-measured HbA1c. In secondary analyses, meta-regression was performed with the intensity of coaching in the digital intervention as a categorical covariate. In total, 28 studies were included in this analysis. Most studies (23/28, 82%) used the reduction of HbA1c levels as the primary end point, either directly or as a part of a multicomponent outcome. In total, 21 studies reported statistically significant results with this primary end point. When stratified into 3 intervention categories by the intensity of the intervention supporting the digital health technology (analyzing all 28 studies), the success rate appeared to be proportional to the coaching intensity (ie, higher-intensity studies reported higher success rates). When the analysis was restricted to RCTs using the comparative improvement of HbA1c levels, the effectiveness of the interventions was less clear. Only half (12/23, 52%) of the included RCTs reported statistically significant results. The meta-analyses were broadly aligned with the results of the SLR. The primary analysis estimated a greater reduction in HbA1c associated with digital interventions compared with usual care (-0.31%, 95% CI -0.45% to -0.16%; P<.001). Meta-regression estimated reductions of -0.45% (95% CI -0.81% to -0.09%; P=.02), -0.29% (95% CI -0.48% to -0.11%; P=.003), and -0.28% (95% CI -0.65% to 0.09%; P=.20) associated with high-, medium-, and low-intensity interventions, respectively. These findings suggest that reducing HbA1c levels in individuals with T2DM with the help of digital interventions is feasible, effective, and acceptable. One common feature of effective digital health interventions was the availability of timely and responsive personalized coaching by a dedicated health care professional.

Zinc Levels and Affecting Factors in Children and Adolescents in a Children’s Hospital

Objective: This study aims to determine the zinc levels and the factors affecting zinc levels in children and adolescents aged 10-18. Zinc is an essential trace element that plays a critical role in various biological processes, including immune function, protein synthesis, and cell division. Adequate zinc levels are particularly important during periods of rapid growth, such as adolescence, as deficiencies can lead to impaired growth, increased susceptibility to infections, and delayed sexual maturation. Understanding the factors that influence zinc levels in this age group is crucial for developing effective nutritional and health interventions. Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study conducted with 542 children and adolescents between the ages of 10-18 to determine zinc levels. Descriptive statistics were analyzed as numbers, percentages, and mean values. Chi-square test and linear regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data. The differences were considered to be statistically significant at p &lt; 0.05. Results: The average age of the patients is 13.64±2.63. Of the children participating in the study, 60.1% (n=326) are female and 39.9% (n=216) are male. It was determined that 12.7% (n=69) of the children had low zinc levels. There was no significant difference found between the zinc values of children according to gender (p&gt;0.05). Although the percentage of children with low zinc levels increased as their age increased, this increase was not statistically significant (p&gt; 0.05). Zinc level was significantly predicted by the combination of the eight variables (p&lt;0.001). The eight variables included in the model were found to explain 5.6% of the variance in zinc level. Conclusions: It was found that zinc levels were significantly affected by LDL Cholesterol and iron. Although other variables were not significant on their own, they were found to have an impact on zinc levels when combined with LDL Cholesterol and iron. The interaction between LDL cholesterol, iron, and other variables creates a complex network affecting zinc levels in the body. We believe that monitoring and managing LDL cholesterol, iron, and zinc levels during adolescence will be beneficial in the prevention and treatment strategies of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and chronic inflammatory conditions. We also believe that it will contribute to the development of health policies and help reduce healthcare costs.

REVIEWING THE INFLUENCE OF MENTAL HEALTH AND COPING STRATEGIES ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

This study investigates the impact of mental health on academic performance among university students in Malaysia through a systematic literature review. By synthesizing findings from various peer-reviewed studies, the research identifies key themes, including the significant negative correlation between mental health issues (such as depression, anxiety, and stress) and academic performance. Additionally, it highlights the influence of broader societal issues, gender disparities, and the importance of socioemotional skills and well-being in academic success. The methodology involves a comprehensive search of electronic databases, stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria, and robust meta-analytic procedures to ensure unbiased and reliable analysis. The findings underscore the critical need for holistic approaches and effective mental health interventions to support students' academic success and overall well-being. This study provides valuable insights and recommendations for university administrators, policymakers, and mental health professionals, aiming to enhance support systems for Malaysian university students. Future research directions include exploring cultural differences, longitudinal effects, and the efficacy of various interventions for coping strategies.

Analysis of Social Factors on Immunization Refusal in Jungkat Village

Analysis of Social Factors on Immunization Refusal in Jungkat Village

Gender disparities in lost productivity resulting from non-communicable diseases in Mexico, 2005-2021.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) cause long-term impacts on health and can substantially affect people's ability to work. Little is known about how such impacts vary by gender, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where productivity losses may affect economic development. This study assessed the long-term productivity loss caused by major NCDs among adult women and men (20-76 years) in Mexico because of premature death and hospitalisations, between 2005 and 2021. We conducted an economic valuation based on the Human Capital Approach. We obtained population-based data from the National Employment Survey from 2005 to 2021 to estimate the expected productivity according to age and gender using a two-part model. We utilised expected productivity based on wage rates to calculate the productivity loss, employing Mexican official mortality registries and hospital discharge microdata for the same period. To assess the variability in our estimations, we performed sensitivity analyses under two different scenarios. Premature mortality by cancers, diabetes, chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVD), chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) caused a productivity loss of 102.6 billion international US dollars (Intl. USD) from 2.8 million premature deaths. Seventy-three percent of this productivity loss was observed among men. Cancers caused 38.3% of the productivity loss (mainly among women), diabetes 38.1, CVD 15.1, CRD 3.2, and CKD 5.3%. Regarding hospitalisations, the estimated productivity loss was 729.7 million Intl. USD from 54.2 million days of hospitalisation. Men faced 65.4 and women 34.6% of these costs. Cancers caused 41.3% of the productivity loss mainly by women, followed by diabetes (22.1%), CKD (20.4%), CVD (13.6%) and CRD (2.6%). Major NCDs impose substantial costs from lost productivity in Mexico and these tend to be higher amongst men, while for some diseases the economic burden is higher for women. This should be considered to inform policymakers to design effective gender-sensitive health and social protection interventions to tackle the burden of NCDs.

Enhancing University Students’ Mental Health under Artificial Intelligence: Principles of Behaviour Therapy

The increasing prevalence of mental health issues among university students has become a growing concern globally. This review explores the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) integrated with principles of behaviour therapy to address mental health challenges among university students. The paper examines how AI technologies, including chatbots, virtual reality, and machine learning algorithms, can be harnessed to provide accessible, personalized, and effective mental health interventions. Furthermore, it discusses applying behaviour therapy principles within AI-driven mental health interventions, focusing on techniques such as cognitive restructuring, exposure therapy, and reinforcement strategies. The review highlights the promising outcomes and challenges of integrating AI and behaviour therapy principles in university mental health services, emphasizing the need for ethical considerations, privacy protection, and cultural sensitivity. By synthesizing current research findings and theoretical frameworks, this paper provides insights into the potential of AI-driven behaviour therapy interventions to enhance university students’ mental health and well-being.

Frequency of Knowledge of Risk and Complications of Cigarette Smoking among Female Smokers

Background: Despite the significant role of smoking in causing preventable diseases, many women smokers lack an understanding of the associated risks. Gaining insights into their knowledge levels is crucial for designing effective health interventions that promote smoking cessation and enhance overall public health. Objective: To assess the level of awareness regarding the risks and complications of cigarette smoking among female smokers. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Outpatient Department of Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Larkana, Pakistan, from July to December 2023. The study involved 126 female smokers. Data were collected using a 15-item questionnaire to evaluate the participants' knowledge about the risks and complications of smoking. The responses were categorized as low, moderate, or high knowledge. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: The participants' average age was 31.25 years (SD = 13.55 years). Knowledge levels about smoking risks among the participants were distributed as follows: 54.8% had low knowledge, 30.2% had moderate knowledge, and 15.1% demonstrated high knowledge of smoking risks and complications. Conclusion: Over half of the female smokers surveyed exhibited low awareness of the dangers associated with smoking. This underscores the need for targeted educational and health-related activities to effectively reduce smoking levels among women.

Exploring Children's Knowledge of Healthy Eating, Digital Media Use, and Caregivers' Perspectives to Inform Design and Contextual Considerations for Game-Based Interventions in Schools for Low-Income Families in Lima, Peru: Survey Study.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren is increasing in Peru. Given the increased use of digital media, there is potential to develop effective digital health interventions to promote healthy eating practices at schools. This study investigates the needs of schoolchildren in relation to healthy eating and the potential role of digital media to inform the design of game-based nutritional interventions. This study aims to explore schoolchildren's knowledge about healthy eating and use of and preferences for digital media to inform the future development of a serious game to promote healthy eating. A survey was conducted in 17 schools in metropolitan Lima, Peru. The information was collected virtually with specific questions for the schoolchild and their caregiver during October 2021 and November 2021 and following the COVID-19 public health restrictions. Questions on nutritional knowledge and preferences for and use of digital media were included. In the descriptive analysis, the percentages of the variables of interest were calculated. We received 3937 validated responses from caregivers and schoolchildren. The schoolchildren were aged between 8 years and 15 years (2030/3937, 55.8% girls). Of the caregivers, 83% (3267/3937) were mothers, and 56.5% (2223/3937) had a secondary education. Only 5.2% (203/3937) of schoolchildren's homes did not have internet access; such access was through WiFi (2151/3937, 54.6%) and mobile internet (1314/3937, 33.4%). In addition, 95.3% (3753/3937) of schoolchildren's homes had a mobile phone; 31.3% (1233/3937) had computers. In relation to children's knowledge on healthy eating, 42.2% (1663/3937) of schoolchildren did not know the recommendation to consume at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily, 46.7% (1837/3937) of schoolchildren did not identify front-of-package warning labels (FOPWLs), and 63.9% (2514/3937) did not relate the presence of an FOPWL with dietary risk. Most schoolchildren (3100/3937, 78.7%) preferred to use a mobile phone. Only 38.3% (1509/3937) indicated they preferred a computer. In addition, 47.9% (1885/3937) of caregivers considered that the internet helps in the education of schoolchildren, 82.7% (3254/3937) of caregivers gave permission for schoolchildren to play games with digital devices, and 38% (1495/3937) of caregivers considered that traditional digital games for children are inadequate. The results suggest that knowledge about nutrition in Peruvian schoolchildren has limitations. Most schoolchildren have access to the internet, with mobile phones being the device type with the greatest availability and preference for use. Caregivers' perspectives on games and schoolchildren, including a greater interest in using digital games, provide opportunities for the design and development of serious games to improve schoolchildren's nutritional knowledge in Peru. Future research is needed to explore the potential of serious games that are tailored to the needs and preferences of both schoolchildren and their caregivers in Peru in order to promote healthy eating.

Awareness of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Among Women Attending Primary Healthcare Centers in Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), diagnosed during pregnancy, can harm both mothers and neonates. GDM awareness among women varies among various countries. Understanding the level of awareness is vital for designing effective health interventions. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate GDM awareness among married females at primary healthcare centers (PHCCs) in Qassim, Saudi Arabia, focusing on knowledge regarding adverse maternal and fetal outcomes of GDM. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among married females at PHCCs in Qassim, from June 2023 to October 2023. A two-stage cluster sampling method was used. Four PHCCs were selected in the first stage, and study participants were selected from these centers in the second stage. A self-administered questionnaire was used. Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS, version 23;IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY) was used for statistical analysis. Results Of the 270 participants, the majority (72.2%) demonstrated 'poor' knowledge about GDM adverse outcomes for both mothers and neonates, 17.8% demonstrated a 'fair' level, and only 10% displayed a 'good' knowledge. Participants' educational level, personal history of diabetes, and age were associated with knowledge levels. Awareness of specific outcomes related to GDM, both maternal and neonatal, varied among participants. Information on GDM was mainly obtained from mass media and personal networks, while healthcare providers were reported as the least common source. Conclusion Based on the results of our study, weconclude that educational interventions, especially involving healthcare providers, are essential to improve awareness about GDM adverse outcomes. Strategies involving educational sessions by healthcare providers and health education materials at PHCCs can improve awareness leading to effective management of GDM and improved maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Prediction mechanism of depression tendency among college students under computer intelligent systems

Abstract In response to the existing problems in the prediction accuracy, data collection, real-time monitoring, and consideration of factors leading to depression in the current mechanism for predicting depression among college students, this article used computer intelligent systems to study the prediction mechanism of depression among college students. This article conducted a survey on students at University A using a survey questionnaire to understand the main reasons that affect their tendency to develop depression. It processed and analyzed the data using the Beck Depression Scale and Statistical Product and Service Solution 21.0 (SPSS 21.0). Meanwhile, natural language processing techniques in computer intelligence systems can be utilized. This article combines emotional dictionaries and word frequency-inverse document frequency to construct a prediction mechanism model for depression tendencies among college students, improving the accuracy of predicting student depression tendencies. The experiment shows that the average accuracy of the depression tendency prediction mechanism model constructed based on Natural Language Processing technology after 50 experiments was 97.02%, which was 5.33% higher than the model constructed based on neural network calculations. Overall, research on the prediction mechanism of depression tendency among college students based on computer intelligence systems can provide more effective mental health support and intervention measures for schools, helping students improve their psychological state, academic achievement, and quality of life.

Communication Self-Efficacy and Job Satisfaction among Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Introduction. The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to various challenges for healthcare workers, including nurses. Nurses play a critical role in the fight against this disease, and their communication of self-efficacy and job satisfaction has garnered significant attention. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between communication self-efficacy and job satisfaction of Iranian nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. This study was conducted using a cross-sectional design. A total of 500 nurses working in hospitals in Iran were selected using a convenience sampling method. The communication self-efficacy scale and the job satisfaction scale were used to collect data. Results. The study found that nurses with higher communication self-efficacy exhibited better performance and job satisfaction in various work challenges (r = 0.56, p&lt;0.001). However, nurses holding a master’s degree or higher reported the lowest average communication self-efficacy and job satisfaction scores during the COVID-19 epidemic. The study also explored the impact of shift work on job satisfaction among nurses and found that nurses working exclusively on the morning shift reported the highest average job satisfaction score. Conclusion. The findings of this study suggest that communication self-efficacy is an important factor in predicting job satisfaction among Iranian nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare organizations provide effective communication training sessions and mental health interventions to enhance nurses’ communication self-efficacy and job satisfaction. This can ultimately lead to improved performance and better patient outcomes.

Mental toughness in adolescents: bridging family relationships and depression across personality traits

BackgroundAdolescence is a pivotal stage vulnerable to mental health issues like anxiety and depression. While family relationships, mental toughness, and personality traits are known to impact adolescent mental health, their interactive and moderating roles are not fully understood.AimThis study aims to investigate the mediating role of mental toughness in the relationship between family relationships and depression among high school students, and to examine the varying impacts of personality traits on this mediation.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 734 adolescents. Participants completed measures assessing family relationships, mental toughness, personality traits, and mental health outcomes (depression). Latent Profile Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling, to investigate these relationships.ResultsThe study found that mental toughness significantly mediates the relationship between family relationships and depression. Notably, this mediating effect varied between personality type; it was more pronounced in the moderate-reserved type compared to the proactive-engaged type. LPA identified two distinct personality types of students based on their personality traits, with differential patterns of family relationships, mental toughness, and depression. Multiple regression analysis indicated that character and adaptability, components of mental toughness, were significant negative predictors of depression.ConclusionThe study contributes to understanding the dynamics of adolescent mental health, particularly in the context of Chinese high school students. It underscores the importance of considering family dynamics, personality traits, and mental toughness in developing effective mental health interventions for adolescents.

Counting who makes the grade: Updated estimates of the share of over-age for grade learners in sub-Saharan Africa using MICS6 data

Many education systems within sub-Saharan Africa are affected by the problem of over-aged learners. Children who are above the expected age for their grade experience poorer outcomes relative to other learners and it is therefore of interest to policymakers to accurately identify them for the purposes of informing effective remedial interventions. UNICEF’s sixth round of Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey’s [MICS6] are among the relatively few robust nationally representative data sources that can be used to calculate the share of over-age for grade learners within education systems. This paper identifies variability in the estimation method used to identify the same target over-age population (i.e. learners who are older than the official age for the grade they are currently attending) across MICS6 country reports in 14 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Nine countries utilise a different method which captures only part of the desired target population. This approach fails to identify at least 50% of learners who are over-age for grade by two years in their primary education system and up to 57% of over-age for grade learners in lower secondary. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for supporting policymakers to plan and implement effective school-based education and health interventions, using Comprehensive Sexuality Education as an example.

Development of a Mobile application for Effective Mental Health Intervention

The global surge in depression and anxiety, intensified by challenges such as cost and stigma, emphasizes the pressing need for accessible, evidence-based digital solutions. The research centers on the creation of a mobile application specifically designed to address mental health challenges. By integrating cognitive behavioral therapy techniques and features like appointment bookings and mindfulness feedback tools, the app is positioned to improve user outcomes. Utilizing platforms like React Native and React, combined with NestJS for enhanced back-end security, the application adheres to the rigorous standards required for mental health interventions. Collaborative efforts with experts, notably the counseling unit of IIUM, ensure the app's alignment with contemporary best practices and research. Preliminary findings indicate a promising tool with the potential to address the global mental health treatment disparity.

Uncovering the causes and socio-demographic constructs of stillbirths and neonatal deaths in an urban slum of Karachi.

Neonatal deaths and stillbirths are significant public health concerns in Pakistan, with an estimated stillbirth rate of 43 per 1,000 births and a neonatal mortality rate of 46 deaths per 1,000 live births. Limited access to obstetric care, poor health seeking behaviors and lack of quality healthcare are the leading root causes for stillbirths and neonatal deaths. Rehri Goth, a coastal slum in Karachi, faces even greater challenges due to extreme poverty, and inadequate infrastructure. This study aims to investigate the causes and pathways leading to stillbirths and neonatal deaths in Rehri Goth to develop effective maternal and child health interventions. A mixed-method cohort study was nested with the implementation of large maternal, neonatal and child health program, captured all stillbirths and neonatal death during the period of May 2014 till June 2018. The Verbal and Social Autopsy (VASA) tool (WHO 2016) was used to collect primary data from all death events to determine the causes as well as the pathways. Interviews were conducted both retrospectively and prospectively with mothers and caregivers. Two trained physicians reviewed the VASA form and the medical records (if available) and coded the cause of death blinded to each other. Descriptive analysis was used to categorize stillbirth and neonatal mortality data into high- and low-mortality clusters, followed by chi-square tests to explore associations between categories, and concluded with a qualitative analysis. Out of 421 events captured, complete VASA interviews were conducted for 317 cases. The leading causes of antepartum stillbirths were pregnancy-induced hypertension (22.4%) and maternal infections (13.4%), while obstructed labor was the primary cause of intrapartum stillbirths (38.3%). Neonatal deaths were primarily caused by perinatal asphyxia (36.1%) and preterm birth complications (27.8%). The qualitative analysis on a subset of 40 death events showed that health system (62.5%) and community factors (37.5%) contributing to adverse outcomes, such as delayed referrals, poor triage systems, suboptimal quality of care, and delayed care-seeking behaviors. The study provides an opportunity to understand the causes of stillbirths and neonatal deaths in one of the impoverished slums of Karachi. The data segregation by clusters as well as triangulation with qualitative analysis highlight the needs of evidence-based strategies for maternal and child health interventions in disadvantaged communities.

Estimating anticipatory, immediate, and delayed effects of disability registration on depressive symptoms.

This study examines (a) whether disability registration has anticipatory, immediate, and delayed effects on depressive symptoms and (b) how these effects differ by gender. Using data from the Korea Welfare Panel Study spanning over 16 waves between 2005 and 2020, this study employed the individual-level fixed effects models to estimate the trajectories of depressive symptoms before and after the registration of physical disability, for a cohort of 20,054 individuals. Furthermore, gender-stratified fixed effects models were used to examine gender differences. Compared to the preregistration reference period (i.e., 4 or more years before disability registration), there was a sustained rise in depressive symptoms leading up to the year of registration, indicating the presence of anticipatory effects. After disability registration, depressive symptoms consistently remained at a statistically higher level than during the initial reference period, with a gradual return to the baseline level of depressive symptoms over time. These anticipatory, immediate, and delayed effects of disability registration were notably more pronounced among men than women. To develop more effective mental health interventions for people with disability, policymakers should consider gendered trajectories of depressive symptoms before and after disability registration. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Community based participatory research as a promising practice for addressing vaccine hesitancy, rebuilding trust and addressing health disparities among racial and ethnic minority communities.

The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minority communities across the United States (U.S.). Despite the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 faced by communities of color, Black and Hispanic communities are less likely to be fully vaccinated than White non-Hispanic Persons. Health inequity and vaccine hesitancy are complex phenomena that require multilevel responses tailored to the unique needs of each community, a process that inherently necessitates a high level of community engagement in order to develop the most effective health interventions. Building on the principles of community based participatory research (CBPR) and with the support of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Project 2VIDA! was born. A multidisciplinary collaborative of academic researchers, community members, and clinicians whose aim is to foster sustainable partnerships to reduce the burden of COVID-19 in Hispanic and Black communities across Southern California. Our model was designed to meet our community members where they were - whether on their lunch break or picking their children from school. This CBPR model has been well received by community members. Future health interventions focused on reducing health disparities should prioritize the role of the community, leverage the voices of key community partners, and be grounded in equitable power sharing.

Patterns of help-seeking behavior among people with mental illness in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Despite the availability of evidence-based and effective treatments, significant numbers of people living with mental illness do not receive treatment or do not seek help from providers of formal modern treatment. Although numerous primary studies have been conducted on patterns of help-seeking behavior among individuals with mental illness with respect to modern therapy, the evidence has not been aggregated nationwide. Therefore, the aim of this review was to investigate pooled data on patterns of help-seeking behavior among individuals with mental illness in Ethiopia. All available primary studies were searched via the Google Scholar, HINARI, and PubMed databases from June 22 to December 20, 2023; 912 articles were identified. Sixteen articles were included in the final review; data from them were extracted to an Excel spreadsheet and exported to Stata version 17 for analysis. The search terms used were: "Pattern of help-seeking behavior'' OR "Pattern of treatment-seeking behavior" OR "Health care-seeking behavior" OR "Help-seeking intention" OR "Help-seeking preferences" OR "Perceived need" OR "Pathways to psychiatric care", AND "Common mental disorders" OR "Mental illness" OR "Mental health problems" OR "Depression", AND "Predictors" OR "Determinate factors" OR "Associated factors", AND "Ethiopia". The quality of the studies included was critically appraised using the modified The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Joanna Briggs Institute quality assessment tool, adapted for observational studies. During critical appraisal, disagreements between the two authors conducting the assessment were resolved by the involvement of a third author. Effect sizes were pooled using the random effects model, and the presence of publication bias was detected based on asymmetry of the funnel plot and a statistically significant result of Egger's test (p<0.05). The pooled rate of positive help-seeking behavior with respect to modern treatment among people living with mental illness was 42.21% (95% CI: 29.29, 55.12; I2 = 99.37%, P=0.00). Factors significantly associated with a positive pattern of help-seeking behavior were: having a secondary education or above (AOR=5.47, 95% CI: 2.33, 12.86); believing that mental illness requires treatment (AOR=2.76, 95% CI: 2.02, 3.78); having strong social support (AOR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.64, 2.44); having a family history of mental illness (AOR=2.68, 95% CI: 1.38, 3.97); having awareness of the availability of treatment (AOR=2.92, 95% CI: 1.56, 5.46); having previously engaged in positive help-seeking behavior (AOR=3.28, 95% CI: 1.63, 6.60); having comorbid disorders (AOR=4.25, 95% CI: 1.69, 10.66); not using alcohol (AOR=3.29, 95% CI: 1.73, 6.27); and the perceived severity of mental illness (AOR=2.54, 95% CI: 1.490, 4.33). The majority of people with mental illness in Ethiopia exhibited a poor pattern of help-seeking behavior with respect to modern treatment. Therefore, mobilization of the community should be encouraged via regular public awareness campaigns regarding mental illness and the availability of evidence-based and effective modern treatment in Ethiopia. Moreover, the design of effective community-based mental health interventions is recommended in order to improve public attitudes and rates of help-seeking behavior in relation to mental health problems.

Continued Immunization By Mothers in Children Aged 18 Months Through the Role of Health Workers in Puskesmas Curug Kota Serang

Background: Immunization is one of the most effective health interventions in the world and can save millions of lives. However, in the world there are still more than 19 million children who have not been vaccinated or whose vaccinations are incomplete so that it can cause these children to be very susceptible to disease risk, even though immunization will increase the child's immune system. The purpose of the study was to analyze and explain the influence of predisposing factors (knowledge, education, mother's occupation, husband's support and participation of health workers) on the provision of follow-up immunization to children aged 18 months at the Curug Health Center in Serang City in 2021.&#x0D; Methods: Using a quantitative approach with a cross sectional design. A sample of 101 respondents. Data analysis was carried out using univariate analysis, which describes the frequency distribution, bivariate analysis to determine the relationship between variables and multivariate analysis with linear regression analysis.&#x0D; The results of this study found that there was a relationship between knowledge, education, work, husband's support and communication and services of health workers with the provision of further immunization for children aged 18 months at the Curug Health Center in Serang City in 2021. The most dominant variables were the communication and service variables of health workers.&#x0D; It is hoped that the Curug Health Center can provide counseling or education about the importance of providing immunizations to patients, especially mothers who have toddlers on a regular basis.&#x0D; Keywords: Provision of follow-up immunization to children aged 18 months, knowledge, education, work, husband's support and communication and services.

Gender differences in psychological help-seeking attitudes: a case in Türkiye.

Mental disorders pose a substantial public health challenge within the overall disease burden. This study aims to determine the factors associated with seeking psychological help among individuals experiencing depression according to gender differences in Türkiye. The study utilized microdata from Türkiye Health Survey conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute in 2016, 2019, and 2022. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the factors associated with seeking psychological help. The study's findings reveal that variables such as survey year, age, education level, employment status, general health status, disease status, depression status, day service status in the hospital, daily activity status, tobacco use status, and alcohol use status are associated with the status of receiving psychological help. Gender-specific analysis indicated variations in the significance and impact of these variables among individuals seeking psychological help. In the development of preventive strategies for mental health protection, special attention should be given to factors associated with the psychological help-seeking behavior of both women and men. Prioritizing and addressing these factors will contribute to more effective mental health interventions.