Health Education Program For Patients Research Articles

Developing and evaluating the usability of a web-based Diabetic Retinopathy Health Education Program for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

To describe the development of a webpage based on the Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol and usability testing of the Diabetic Retinopathy Health Education Profram (DRHEP). The mixed methods pilot feasibility study was carried out between April and September 2021, involving 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 5 experts. The usability score was rated according to the System Usability Scale (SUS). The average SUS score by the experts was 88. The patients gave a higher score of 85 for SUS, with 58 as the lowest. The average SUS score was 72. The findings indicate that the webpage is acceptable, good, and highly usable for users. The outcomes of this study signify the relationship between effective health applications and how their design might hamper their effectiveness in changing patients' behavior.

User Evaluation of a Chat-Based Instant Messaging Support Health Education Program for Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: Preliminary Findings of a Formative Study.

Artificial intelligence-driven chatbots are increasingly being used in health care, but few chat-based instant messaging support health education programs are designed for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to evaluate their effectiveness. In addition, limited research exists on the usage of chat-based programs among patients with CKD, particularly those that integrate a chatbot aimed at enhancing the communication ability and disease-specific knowledge of patients. The objective of this formative study is to gather the data necessary to develop an intervention program of chat-based instant messaging support health education for patients with CKD. Participants' user experiences will form the basis for program design improvements. Data were collected from April to November 2020 using a structured questionnaire. A pre-post design was used, and a total of 60 patients consented to join the 3-month program. Among them, 55 successfully completed the study measurements. The System Usability Scale was used for participant evaluations of the usability of the chat-based program. Paired t tests revealed significant differences before and after intervention for communicative literacy (t54=3.99; P<.001) and CKD-specific disease knowledge (t54=7.54; P<.001). Within disease knowledge, significant differences were observed in the aspects of CKD basic knowledge (t54=3.46; P=.001), lifestyle (t54=3.83; P=.001), dietary intake (t54=5.51; P<.001), and medication (t54=4.17; P=.001). However, no significant difference was found in the aspect of disease prevention. Subgroup analysis revealed that while the findings among male participants were similar to those of the main sample, this was not the case among female participants. The findings reveal that a chat-based instant messaging support health education program may be effective for middle-aged and older patients with CKD. The use of a chat-based program with multiple promoting approaches is promising, and users' evaluation is satisfactory. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05665517; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05665517.

Effectiveness of Health Management Education for Congestive Heart Failure Patients in Surabaya

BACKGROUND: Health problems with cardiovascular system disorders including congestive heart failure (CHF) still rank highly. CHF is one of the heart diseases that continue to increase in incidence and prevalence every year, including in Indonesia. Lack of health education about how home care is a factor increases the incidence of rehospitalization in CHF patients. Here, researchers have provided knowledge to patients about how things to avoid, foods to avoid, recommended foods, and diet to do. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze effectiveness of health management education for CHF patients in Surabaya. METHODS: The research method used is quantitative analytics with a pre-experimental design with an approach (one group pre-post-test design). The population in this study was all CHF patients admitted to hospitals in Surabaya as many as 150 respondents. Sampling using accidental sampling technique. Data were analyzed using and Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: Wilcoxon test results obtained knowledge (p = 0.000), diet (p = 0.001), and physical activity (p = 0.001) which means there is an influence on providing health management education for CHF patients. CONCLUSION: Health management education effectiveness for CHF patients in Surabaya. Health-care providers can add health education programs for patients with CHF or other diseases, as a form of nursing service implementation.

Correlates of Oral Health Conditions and Oral Health Literacy Among a Sample of Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Oral health literacy (OHL) and dental health indicators in people with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are important health conditions that have been less investigated in this group of patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate oral health conditions and OHL in adult patients with cardiovascular conditions who referred to dental clinics in southwest, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Ahvaz, Iran in 2021-2022. The oral and dental health status and literacy of 302 people were investigated, and data were collected using a standard questionnaire about OHL (with dimensions of comprehension and calculation ability), as well as demographic and medical information. Then, the patients were clinically examined by a dentist to determine oral health indicators (Decayed, missing, and filled teeth: DMFT) and oral health index (OHI-S). Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS, version 22. Results: The mean DMFT was 11.06±3.55. According to the OHI-S, 124 (41.1%), 75 (24.8%), and 103 (34.1%) people were categorized in mean, good, and poor oral health levels, respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient demonstrated a direct, strong, and significant relationship between age and DMFT and OHI (r=0.702, r=0.678 P&lt;0.001). The relationship between understanding ability and DMFT and OHI was inversely correlated (r=-0.389, r=-0.278, P&lt;0.001), and the relationship between calculation ability and OHI, as well as between calculation ability and DMFT was inverse and significant ((r=-0.572, P&lt;0.001) and r=-0.429, P&lt;0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The results showed that there is a relationship between OHL and OHI in people with CVD, although it is not in a favorable condition. As a result, the design, implementation, and evaluation of oral health education programs for patients with CVD are highly recommended, and it is imperative that oral and dental health be carefully monitored in these patients.

Hemorrhage peptic ulcer patients’ knowledge of recurrence prevention at 354 Military hospital in 2022

Objectives: To describe the knowledge of recurrence prevention and to find the factors affecting the knowledge of recurrence prevention among patients with gastrointestinal bleeding due to peptic ulcer. Subjects and methods: a descriptive study was conducted on 128 patients who were diagnosed with gastrointestinal bleeding caused by peptic ulcer and were inpatients at the Department of Gastroenterology - Blood Diseases, 354 Military Hospital 354 from March to August 2021. The questionnaire which was developed by Nguyen Huyen Trang was used to interview patients. Results: The patients’ general knowledge score of recurrence prevention was 23.56 ± 6.40. The total score of knowledge of recurrence prevention was quite good 23.56 ± 6.40. The score of knowledge of the disease was 5.58±2.01; The percentage of patients with correct knowledge about the content of relapse prevention was different such as diet (85.94%), coffee use (59.37%), tobacco use (54.69%) ), ensure food hygiene (84.38%). Patients with intermediate or higher education had good or very good knowledge higher than patients with high school education level 6.0 times (OR= 6.0, p&lt;0.001, CI: 2.3-10, 4). Patients who are civil servants have good or very good knowledge higher than the group of patients who are workers, farmers, and pensioners 2.083 times (OR=2.083, p&lt;0.001; CI: 1.05-4.46). Patients living in the urban had 3.73 times better knowledge than patients in rural areas (OR=3.73; p&lt;0.001; CI: 1.74-6.67). Conclusion: The general knowledge of patients about the recurrence prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding was quite good. However, there was still a certain percentage of patients who did not have the correct knowledge. It is necessary to have health education programs for patients to improve their knowledge of recurrence prevention of hemorrhage peptic ulcers.

Effectiveness of an Instructional program on patients’ knowledge about exercises to prevent coronary artery disease progression after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

Pre-experimental design (one group pretest-posttest) A non-probability (purposive) sample of 35patients who have coronary artery disease and are being treated with percutaneous coronary intervention to manage coronary artery occlusions. The study started from November 2021 to May 2022.The data was collected using sociodemographic, the clinical characteristics of the client, and the Coronary Artery Disease Education Questionnaire Short Version (CADE-SV), and lifestyle compliance items after PCI: Physical activity. The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 26. The study result revealed that the majority of CAD patients are males with age 48 and above, married, secondary school graduates, and housewives. More than half of the study sample had risk factors for coronary artery disease, except for the patient's own smoking. Patients with coronary artery disease had a low degree of knowledge about healthy lifestyles before beginning the program, and significant improvement in patients’ knowledge regarding healthy lifestyles after giving the program also presented a significant difference in all items about physical activity for patients with percutaneous coronary intervention. The finding presented that there were significant differences in post-test knowledge of all items about physical activity for patients with percutaneous coronary intervention after completing the program. There is a need to instruct patients following PCI by offeringpamphlets, books, and brochures about healthy lifestyle aspects (especially exercise). Conducting a relatively large nursing health education program for patients after PCI to see how the program affects patients' understanding of healthy lifestyles. Also, suggest that all CHD patients have a full understanding and practice of exercise.

DESIGN A HEALTHY LIFE STYLE GUIDELINE FOR PATIENTS UNDERGOING CHEMOTHERAPY IN PORT-SAID CITY

Background: Cancer patients experience negative changes in their quality of life, and some of them can have physical side effects and mental health problems. Lifestyle changes related to exercise and nutrition can improve the health of these cancer patients. Aim: the aim of this study was to develop life style guideline for patients undergoing chemotherapy in Port Said City. Subjects and Method: Design: A quasi-experimental (one-group pretest-posttest) design.Setting: The present study was at health insurance hospital namely El-Tadamon hospital which have chemotherapy center in Port Said City. Sample: The purposive sample of the study included 66 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in the pre mentioned hospital. Tool: One tool used to gather the required data, namely, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLPII). Results: The study revealed that 69.7% of the patients were females and 40.9% of them age range from forty to fifty years old. The majority of patients 74.2% had pain as a said effect of chemotherapy. In addition, in posttest, interpersonal relations gained the highest mean score (29.23±3.64), followed by responsibility for health (26.38±2.94). Conclusion: It can be concluded, a highly statistically improvements after implementation of guideline in all domains and overall scores of lifestyle from pre to post guideline implementation, furthermore, in post guideline implementation, a statistically significant associations between age and domains of physical activity, nutrition, interpersonal relations, overall of lifestyle a statistical associations between level of education and domains of physical activity, spiritual growth, stress management were detected, Recommendations: Designing and applying regular health education program for patients undergoing chemotherapy to improve maximum quality of life.

Impact of Health Education program on health related quality of life among patients with End Stage Renal Disease on hemodialysis and their Caregivers at Ain Shams University Hospital

Abstract Background Patients with renal failure had poorer quality of life than patients with other chronic diseases such as heart failure, diabetes mellitus and even cancer which makes them more susceptible to withdraw dialysis treatment. Objectives The study was conducted to implement a health education program for patients with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis and their caregivers at Ain Shams University Hospital and measure its effect on their quality of life. Methods A controlled interventional study was carried out on three phases. A sample of 56 patients on chronic regular hemodialysis and their caregivers (HD) were selected from the two hemodialysis units at Ain Shams university hospital and data were collected at the beginning and after six months of the health education program. Results The intervention group of the patients after the intervention reported significant better quality of life scores than the control group in all the domains except in work status, quality of social interaction, sexual function, social support and patient satisfaction and there were statistically significant increases in the intervention group of the caregivers than the control group in social function, emotional well-being, role emotional and mental component summary scores. Conclusion The health education and individualized nutritional program had a positive effect on many components of quality of life of the hemodialysis patients and their caregivers

Effect of Rehabilitation Protocol on Dyspnea and Fatigue for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background: Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) is corner stone in management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PR is an effective therapy in the integrated care of the patient with chronic respiratory disease. Exercise-based pulmonary rehabilitation has proven to reduce subjective dyspnea, fatigue, exacerbations and frequency for re-hospitalization. Aim of the study: evaluate the effect of rehabilitation protocol on reducing dyspnea and fatigue for Patients with COPD. Research Design: Quasi-experimental research design was utilized in the current study. Setting: The current study was carried out in Inpatient Chest Department and follow up in the Chest Outpatient Clinic at Cardiothoracic Hospital. Sample: A Purposive sample of (66) patients (male and female adult) were assigned in the current study, they classified in two equal groups (n= 33) for a control group and (n= 33) for study group. Tool: Three tools were utilized to collect to current study, First tool: Interview Questioner and Medical Data Sheet, Second tool: COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and Third tool: Respiratory Assessment Sheet. Results: There were highly statistically significant differences among both study and control group regarding Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale MMRC in 6th and 8th week observations. Conclusions: The study findings concluded that dyspnea and fatigue have negatively effect on patient with COPD. Short term pulmonary rehabilitation program has improved exercise capacity, pulmonary function in COPD patients. Recommendation: Increased patient understanding about COPD risk parameters. Booklet of comprehensive health education program for patients with COPD. Home-based pulmonary rehabilitation follow up, including regular contact to facilitate exercise participation and progression.

Efectividad de un tratamiento fisioterápico asociado a un programa educativo en el ictus cerebral agudo

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of physiotherapy associated with a health education programme for patients with acute cerebral stroke, during the first follow-up month of the condition. The evaluation is based on neurological, motor, functional and social scales. Material and methodPragmatic quasi-experimental study of fifty patients hospitalised with acute stroke and given physiotherapy in hospital, in association with a health education programme. Subjects were evaluated at baseline and after one month of treatment, with respect to functional outcome variables, according to the Canadian Neurological Scale (CNS), the Trunk Control Test (TCT) and the Motricity Index (MI), and with respect to clinical variables, according to the Barthel Index (BI), the Stroke Impact Scale-16 (SIS-16), the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). ResultsStatistically significant differences were found for all functional and clinical variables except MSPSS (P<.0001 for CNS (t=5.945), TCT (t=7.701), lower-limb MI (t=5.676), BI (t=5.360) and SIS-16 (t=4.809); p=0.001 for MRS (t=-3.503); P=.01 for upper-limb MI (t=3.767)). The size effect measured by Cohen's d was large for CNS (1.26), TCT (1.20), BI (1.06) and SIS-16 (0.95), moderate for lower-limb MI (0.67), small for upper-limb MI (0.47) and zero (0) for MRS. ConclusionsAfter one month, physiotherapy associated with a health education programme achieved improvements in the condition of patients with acute stroke, raising outcome scores by 20% according to CNS, thus confirming our hypothesis in this respect.

Knowledge and perception of diabetes among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending rural health care centre, Tamil Nadu, India

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most serious public health problems in 21st century. One of the reasons for the poor outcome in diabetic individuals is the lack of involvement and awareness about the complications of the disease. The participation of the patient with the knowledge is the key success factor in treatment and prevention of complications in diabetes mellitus. Objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge and perception about diabetes among patients with diabetes mellitus, attending Rural Health Training Centre (RHTC), Vayalanallur.Methods: A hospital based, Cross sectional study was conducted to assess the awareness about complications of diabetes among patients with type 2 diabetes, attending RHTC in Tamil Nadu. The study was conducted in NCD clinic, RHTC, during the month of September 2015. Forty three participants gave written consent and they were included. The study was conducted using a questionnaire through one-to-one interview.Results: Knowledge about the causes of diabetes mellitus-81.4%, symptoms-83.7%, accurate method of checking sugars-76.7%, correct frequency of checking sugars-95.3%, taking medications regularly- 95.3%, organs affected - 69.8%, modification in dietary pattern-72.1% and 93% believe that doing moderate physical exercise will helps in controlling diabetes but only 32.6% were doing it regularly.Conclusions: Knowledge about diabetes is fair but still their practice on control of glycemic levels needs to be improved. This shows that there is a decisive need for health education programme for patients in order to prevent or postpone the complications of diabetes mellitus.

The Correlation between Family Support with the Quality of Life of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a disease that will accompany a lifetime and require long term treatment so that it can reduce quality of life of the patients. This study aim to analyze the correlation between family support with the quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus. This study was analytic observational with cross-sectional design. The population was all patients with diabetes mellitus who visited Tanah Kalikedinding Health Center in January to March 2014. Patients was diagnosed diabetes mellitus through laboratory test using blood serum venous plasma. The number of respondents was 45 respondents that were chosen using simple random sampling method. Variables studied were family support, respondent’s characteristics (age, gender, education level, income, marital status and employment status), duration of diabetes, diabetes complications and quality of life. The results of Chi-square test with continuity correction Fisher’s exact test showed that variables that were significantly correlated with the quality of life such as family support (p=0.000), education level (p=0.039), income (p=0.034), marital status (p=0.003) and diabetes complications (p=0.007). The results of Mantel- Haenszel test showed that all the studied variables were confounding the correlation between family support with the quality of life. Confounding variable that have the greatest contribution was diabetes complications. The conclusion is that family support is significantly correlated with the quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus in Tanah Kalikedinding Health Center. Health centers are expected to carry out health promotion and health education programs for patients with diabetes mellitus and their families to improve the quality of life of the patients.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, quality of life, family support, diabetes complications, marital status

The Correlation between Family Support with the Quality of Life of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

ABSTRACTDiabetes mellitus is a disease that will accompany a lifetime and require long term treatment so that it can reduce quality of life of the patients. This study aim to analyze the correlation between family support with the quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus. This study was analytic observational with cross-sectional design. The population was all patients with diabetes mellitus who visited Tanah Kalikedinding Health Center in January to March 2014. Patients was diagnosed diabetes mellitus through laboratory test using blood serum venous plasma. The number of respondents was 45 respondents that were chosen using simple random sampling method. Variables studied were family support, respondent’s characteristics (age, gender, education level, income, marital status and employment status), duration of diabetes, diabetes complications and quality of life. The results of Chi-square test with continuity correction Fisher’s exact test showed that variables that were significantly correlated with the quality of life such as family support (p=0.000), education level (p=0.039), income (p=0.034), marital status (p=0.003) and diabetes complications (p=0.007). The results of Mantel- Haenszel test showed that all the studied variables were confounding the correlation between family support with the quality of life. Confounding variable that have the greatest contribution was diabetes complications. The conclusion is that family support is significantly correlated with the quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus in Tanah Kalikedinding Health Center. Health centers are expected to carry out health promotion and health education programs for patients with diabetes mellitus and their families to improve the quality of life of the patients.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, quality of life, family support, diabetes complications, marital status

Complications for Bone Marrow Transplant Patients

Objective: Our objective to assess the prevalence complications &amp; their association with health &amp; functional status Methodology: Analyses complications of thirteen patients underwent autologous bone marrow transplant in June 2008 to December 2010 at bone marrow transplant specialty center in Baghdad Medical City; data were derived of daily follow-up and record to all clinical and medical information's. Results: No statistically significant association was found between ages with gender, also clinical diagnosis with gender, &amp; number courses of chemotherapy with clinical diagnosis (P-0.05). Especially (53.84%) were males which more than females (46.15%), the patient's age in the study was between with mean of 22-27 yrs. (53.84%) married, (30.76%) student, positive family history toward malignant disease in (61.52%), Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma diagnosed in (53.84%), 3 courses chemotherapy receiving in (38.46%), harvested stem cell was peripheral stem cells in (61.52%), week engraftment present was in 4 weeks in (53.84%). Statistically significant association was found between clinical diagnoses with source of stem cells (P-0.05). mucositis was in grade 4 in (60%). The cumulative prevalence of any complications underwent transplant was above cut-off point, mean of score was (2) headache, depression, change in test, dry mouth, oral bleeding, hair loss, fever, and (1.92) nausea, vomiting, (1.76) anorexia, flushing skin, while (1.61) constipation. Recommendations: the study recommended preparation health education program for patients and nursing staff to give best nursing care for bone marrow transplant patients and how communication with them, &amp; booklet provided for all patient show how to oral hygiene and personal hygiene to reduce risk reduction.

Evaluation of orchiopexy practice patterns in patients with cryptorchidism: A single-centre study

ObjectiveA retrospective study was conducted to determine the age at which orchiopexy was performed, and the laterality and anatomic location of undescended testes (UDTs) or non-palpable testes (NPTs). All documented orchiopexies performed in a large referral centre of Qom province, Qom, Iran during a 5 year period were evaluated. Materials and methodsA total of 324 patients admitted for surgical correction of cryptorchidism from 2005 to 2009 were eligible for inclusion in our study. The patients were divided into two groups: group A paediatric orchiopexy, and group B adult orchiopexy. ResultsThere were 252 paediatric patients (78%), with a mean age of 4.44 years, and 72 adult patients (22%). Forty-three patients (17%) were under 2 years of age and 59 patients (23.5%) were between 2 and 3 years. Right-side involvement was seen in 126 patients (50%), left-side in 91 patients (36%), and bilateral involvement in 35 patients (14%). Unilateral cryptorchidism was seen in 217 patients (85%). Regarding the anatomical location of the testes in unilateral cryptorchidism, superficial inguinal testis was seen in 117 patients (54%). ConclusionThe higher age of orchiopexies determined from this study compared with the recommended age for surgery, indicates that active interventions are necessary with public health education programs for patients, parents, midwives and general practitioners.

Development and evaluation of a patient centered cardiovascular health education program for insured patients in rural Nigeria (QUICK - II)

BackgroundIn Sub Saharan Africa, the incidence of hypertension and other modifiable cardiovascular risk factors is growing rapidly. Poor adherence to prescribed prevention and treatment regimens by patients can compromise treatment outcomes. Patient-centered cardiovascular health education is likely to improve shortcomings in adherence. This paper describes a study that aims to develop a cardiovascular health education program for patients participating in a subsidized insurance plan in Nigeria and to evaluate the applicability and effectiveness in patients at increased risk for cardiovascular disease.Methods/DesignDesign: The study has two parts. Part 1 will develop a cardiovascular health education program, using qualitative interviews with stakeholders. Part 2 will evaluate the effectiveness of the program in patients, using a prospective (pre-post) observational design.Setting: A rural primary health center in Kwara State, Nigeria.Population: For part 1: 40 patients, 10 healthcare professionals, and 5 insurance managers. For part 2: 150 patients with uncontrolled hypertension or other cardiovascular risk factors after one year of treatment.Intervention: Part 2: patient-centered cardiovascular health education program.Measurements: Part 1: Semi-structured interviews to identify stakeholder perspectives. Part 2: Pre- and post-intervention assessments including patients' demographic and socioeconomic data, blood pressure, body mass index and self-reporting measures on medication adherence and perception of care. Feasibility of the intervention will be measured using process data.Outcomes: For program development (part 1): overview of healthcare professionals' perceptions on barriers and facilitators to care, protocol for patient education, and protocol implementation plan.For program evaluation (part 2): changes in patients' scores on adherence to medication and life style changes, blood pressure, and other physiological and self-reporting measures at six months past baseline.Analysis: Part 1: content analytic technique utilizing MAXQDA software. Part 2: univariate and multilevel analysis to assess outcomes of intervention.DiscussionDiligent implementation of patient-centered education should enhance adherence to cardiovascular disease prevention and management programs in low income countries.Trial RegistrationISRCTN47894401

Analysis of the health education demand for first treatment of elderly smear - positive tuberculosis patients

Objective To understand health education demand of elderly smear - positive tuberculosis patients. Methods This essay surveyed 120 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis in our hospital between May 2008 and May 2009. The conditions as follows:consistent with provisions of first treatment in TB study; over age of 60 years; smear - positive tuberculosis patients. The self- designed survey questionnaire was used and analyzed. Results The vast majority of TB patients was lack of relevant knowledge. They needed medical staff carrying out health education and popularized knowledge of TB. The former four of idividual health education needs were name, dosage and using method of drug; adverse reactions and side effects of chemotherapy drugs; knowledge and guide of diet and how to arrange rest and activities reasonable. Most patients (about 88.3% ) chose the oral medical missionaryConclusions This survey play a guiding role in selection health education content for elderly smear - positive tuberculosis patients. Nurses could use results of this survey to develop a focused and appropriate ordered health education programme for patients to suit their own characteristics, use right nursing interventions to improve health nursing for patient compliance and reduce its infectious to cure tuberculosis. Key words: Tuberculosis; Old age patient; Health education; Demand

FLIP&amp;FLAP: Development and evaluation of a structured epilepsy education programme for children and adolescents with epilepsy and their parents

Objective: Structured health education programs for patients with chronic conditions have been established in many diagnostic groups but less so in epilepsy. To meet the health education needs of thesechildren and adolescents with epilepsy, the epilepsy study group at the Children's Hospital in Luebeck, Germany has developed and evaluated a structured training program for children 7–15 years of age and their parents.

Impact of a Health Education Program for Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis [OA] is a condition characterized by hyaline cartilage damage, changes in subchondral bone sclerosis, and osteophyte formation. It is one of the most common medical disabling problems in the world. This study was carried out at the Orthopedics Outpatient Department, at the Main General Hospital in Port Said on a sample of 60 patients having primary OA of the knee joints. They were divided into two groups of 30 patients each [control and experimental groups]. The tools of data collection consisted of 1] Personal characteristics, 2] A knee joints assessment from, which consisted of measurement of the knee rang of movement [ROM], knee muscles circumference, and muscle strength, 3] The Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale [AIMS], and 4] The Osteoarthritis Screening Index [OASI]. An educational program was developed based on review of literature and on the identified patient’s problems. It was implemented on the experimental group. The results showed statistical significant improvements in the ROM, muscle strength, and health outcomes using as indicated by AIMS and OASI in the intervention group after program implementation. There were no noticeable changes in the control group as compared to baseline results. Statistically significant positive correlations were found among all used scales. The strongest correlation was between pain and depression. Therefore, it was concluded that this health education program for patients with knee OA had a positive impact on their health. The success of the program might be attributed to giving information suitable to patient education level. It is recommended that the program experimented in this study be replicated with OA patients in different settings and larger numbers. Teaching programs should be provided in illustrated booklets for patients and their relatives.

Assessment of asthma patients' willingness to pay for and give time to an asthma self-management program

Despite the success of health education programs for patients with asthma, several researchers have found that patients are reluctant to enroll in and complete a program designed to help them manage their condition. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence asthma patients' willingness to pay (WTP) for and willingness to give time (WTGT) to an asthma self-management program. The patient sample consisted of 116 adult asthma patients (age range, 18 to 34 years) from 2 affiliated sites: a county teaching hospital with ambulatory clinics and a staffmodel health maintenance organization. To determine WTP and WTGT, patients were presented with a scenario in which the components of an 8-week asthma management program were described. Patients were then asked how much they would be willing to pay for and how much time they would be willing to spend on the program. Regression analyses were used to determine what effect the following factors had on WTP and WTGT with respect to an asthma self-management program: sociodemographic factors; predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors; level of asthma self-management; and health care utilization. Mean patient WTP was $29.50 for an 8-week asthma education program. Several factors appeared to influence this amount. Patients who were willing to pay more for a program that would help them manage their asthma exhibited suboptimal behaviors during asthma attacks, had greater perceived access to health care resources, received less educational information from health care providers, had previously participated in a self-management program, and had indicated an interest in participating in a self-management program. This model was statistically significant ( P < 0.0001), with 35% of the variation in WTP scores explained by the independent variables. Patients reported that they were willing to spend a mean of 5.8 hours per week on an 8-week asthma self-management program. Patients who were willing to spend more time on an asthma self-management program had indicated an interest in participating in such a program, had a higher number of comorbidities, or had more emergency department visits. This model was statistically significant ( P = 0.0018), with 18% of the variance explained. This study identified several factors that may affect WTP and WTGT in relation to an asthma selfmanagement program. This information may be helpful in identifying candidates for educational programs.