Health Education For Young People Research Articles

Unmet need for contraception among married women in the Kyrgyz Republic using the datasets from the 2006, 2014 and 2018 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey: a cross-sectional study.

Since the beginning of the family program in 1998, the proportion of married women who used contraception has fluctuated. An unmet need for contraception among women in Kyrgyzstan drastically increased from 2006 (1.1%) to 2014 (19.1%), and remained unchanged until 2018 (19.0%). This study aims to re-investigate the prevalence of an unmet need for contraception from 2006 to 2018 in a comprehensive manner, and examine the factors associated with an unmet need for contraception among married women over the course of 12years in the Kyrgyz Republic. This is a cross-sectional study using secondary data that derived from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS). The study employed three datasets from the MICS 2006, 2014, and 2018. The study included a total of 9,229 women aged 15-49 who were married and fecund, and whose status of the met/unmet need for contraception could be identified. Logistic regression was employed to estimate the relationship of an unmet need for contraception with independent factors. A P value < 0.05 was set as statistically significant. The prevalence of an unmet need for contraception was 19.9% in 2006, 20.4% in 2014, and 22.5% in 2018. Across 12years, all reversible-contraceptive methods for women constantly declined. Although intrauterine devices were the prominent contraceptive method of usage among Kyrgyz women, the trend of usage drastically decreased over time. Factors associated with unmet need for contraception included women's age, area of residence, mother tongue of household head, age of husband, and number of children ever born. The unmet need for contraception among married Kyrgyz women slightly increased, and the trend of modern contraceptive usage declined from 2006 to 2018, particularly the use of pills, injections, and intra-uterine devices. Comprehensive sexual health education for young people and youth-friendly services should be promoted. An effective and reliable supply chain of contraceptive commodities should be prioritized and strengthened. Regular supportive supervision visits are essential to improve the knowledge and skills of healthcare providers to be able to provide intrauterine device service as a contraceptive choice for Kyrgyz women.

Research on the Influence of International Communication of Chinese Literature on Teenagers' Physical and Mental Health in the Digital Humanistic Environment.

Research Background. With the enhancement of China's international influence, China has stepped into the international ecological environment in the fields of economy, politics, culture, art, and so on, accompanied by the spread of China's culture and literature. China's 5000-year-old cultural history and artistic characteristics are integrated into the ecological field of the international environment. Research Purpose. The international spread of Chinese literature also has a certain impact on the physical and mental health of teenagers. This paper studies and discusses the impact of international communication of Chinese literature on teenagers' physical and mental health in the digital humanistic environment. Under the development environment of Digital Humanities in China, the impact of Chinese literature on the healthy psychology of teenagers, the impact content, and the characteristics of each were evaluated. Through the comparison of physical and mental health growth of adolescents in different ages, the characteristics of physical and mental health of adolescents are explored. The coupling degree of physical and mental health of adolescents in different development environments is compared and analyzed. Research Results. Through the research, it is found that with the development of Digital Humanities, the spread of Chinese literature with internationalization has a positive impact on the physical and mental health and psychological quality construction of teenagers and plays a promoting role in promoting mental health, increasing personal quality, and improving teenagers' correct values. The various ideological and moral qualities of Chinese literature can play a greater role in helping and growing up the physical and mental health education of young people in the new era and are also the literary value of promoting the quality education of the next generation of young people in the world.

Sexual and reproductive health education for young people in Victoria, Australia: a mixed methods study

ABSTRACT Young people aged >15 years (Years 11 and 12 students) in Australia are unlikely to receive school-based sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education. The aims of this study were to gather the perspectives of young people regarding their experiences of school-based SRH education and explore what they considered should be the core components of this form of education for Years 11 and 12 students. A mixed-methods study involving an online survey (n = 1226) and six workshops (n = 20) was undertaken in Victoria, Australia between September and November 2021. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the survey data. Qualitative workshop transcripts were coded before five themes and three sub-themes were identified. Participants reported feeling let down by the inadequate provision of SRH education at school. Those who had received SRH education in Years 11 and 12 were more likely to report they left school with enough knowledge to protect their SRH. Participants reported wanting SRH education in Years 11 and 12 and described some of the strategies that schools can adopt to make this possible without compromising other learning priorities. Further work is required to clarify the best way forward in this respect.

Health and Disease Management for Women's Life Stages: As Family Pharmacists and Leaders of Health Support Pharmacies

The number of women in the workforce is increasing because promoting their participation has become part of the country's growth strategy. On the other hand, maintaining the population is also a major issue. It is necessary to consider what kind of education should be provided to trainee pharmacists as people who are personally involved, and what kind of education is necessary for them as future medical professionals. The Basic Law for Child and Maternal Health and Child Development has been enacted, and the concept of preconception care is taking root. Health education for young people is of utmost importance to ensure their health and well-being in the future. We need to provide appropriate education to pharmacists as family pharmacists, as leaders of health support pharmacies, and as medical professionals who support women's health in the community. Because women's health is to be comprehensively supported by society including the community, family, workplace, and school, it seems that education on women's reproductive and general health will become more important in the future, in universities and especially schools of pharmacy.

School-based sexual and reproductive health education for young people from low-income neighbourhoods in Northeastern Brazil: the role of communities, teachers, health providers, religious conservatism, and racial discrimination

ABSTRACT Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education for young people is a challenge for national health systems in low-and middle-income countries. This study analysed SRH education among adolescents in a low-income neighbourhood of Brazil from the perspectives of young people themselves, primary healthcare providers, and school teachers. Using semi-structured interviews, data were collected from twelve informants aged 15–20 years, eight health professionals, and nine teachers. Interviews were analysed using the ecological framework (i.e. with a focus on individual, structural and programmatic levels). At the individual level, there was a marked lack of discussion about SRH in the family, especially with parents. As a result, young people sought information from relatives of a similar age, the Internet and social media. Racism on the part of some teachers was identified as a structural-level constraint, and lack of dialogue between the health and education sectors was a programmatic barrier. Schools were seen as propitious settings for SRH education, and joint action by health providers and teachers could be beneficial for the promotion of SRH among young people in schools.

Obrazovanjem do zdravlja. Zdravstveno prosvjećivanje mladih u Hrvatskoj od kraja Drugoga svjetskog rata do početka 1970-ih.

This paper shall examine the role and development of health education in the Socialist Republic of Croatia from the end of the Second World War to the beginning of the 1970s. Consideration shall be accorded to the public health priorities and measures that clarify the role of schooling in the health education of young people both within and outside of the school system, particularly in the 1960s within the context of political, economic and social change in the Socialist Republic of Croatia, when socialism was being systematically implemented at all levels and structural changes in society were under way. In this sense, it is noteworthy that the educational system was considered a vital area for anticipating changes in the spirit of the socialist self-management transformation. Improvement of the overall culture of health in society was accomplished by educating children about health through the school system. In this vein, instruction about preserving health and a healthy lifestyle and the prevention of infectious diseases was promoted through mandatory basic education from the earliest age. At the end of the 1960s, topics pertaining to health and sexuality were introduced into educational curricula with the aim of protecting the health of pupils. The Educational Advisory Board of the Socialist Republic of Croatia adopted the General Educational Curriculum and Programme for Primary Schools which contained components aimed at fostering personal responsibility for health. An analysis of the General Educational Curriculum and Programme will be employed to examine contemporary themes and demonstrate how the introduction of new educational content in the school system led to significant changes in the modes for the systematic health education of young people.

Knowledge and attitudes towards human papillomavirus infection among the first year students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia

Introduction. Persistent infection with highly oncogenic human papillomavirus is associated with premalignant cervical lesions and cervical cancer, as well as cancers of the vulva and vagina. The aim of the study was to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes towards human papillomavirus infection, its risk factors, clinical manifestations and the use of contraception. Material and Methods. A total of 355 first-year students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, filled in a non-standardized, self-administered questionnaire designed for the purpose of this study. The collected data included: sexual history of the respondents, the use and knowledge of contraception, human papillomavirus infection, and human papillomavirus vaccine. Results. About 89% of students have heard of human papillomavirus infection, while 75.5% of them knew that human papillomavirus infection is a sexually transmitted disease. Accurate knowledge about human papillomavirus infection was low, while female students showed higher levels of knowledge compared to the male (4.03 ? 3.07 versus 5.56 ?3.37; p &lt; 0.01). Only 27.6% of students knew that young women are at a higher risk of human papillomavirus infection, 45.9% of the respondents knew that the risk of human papillomavirus infection depends on the number of sexual partners, 34.09% of them knew that a condom does not provide complete protection against human papillomavirus infection, 53.5% knew that human papillomavirus can cause cervical cancer, and only 19.7% of students knew that human papillomavirus infection can cause penile cancer. Conclusion. The first-year medical students showed a lack of knowledge about human papillomavirus infection and human papillomavirus-related diseases. General education and health education of young people is necessary primarily in secondary schools, in order to preserve the reproductive health and prevent human papillomavirus-related cancers.

Providing support to friends experiencing a sexual health uncertainty

ABSTRACT Emerging adults provide support to friends experiencing sexual health uncertainties; however, the support provided varies. Because of the centrality of friendships during emerging adulthood, identifying what shapes the support friends provide one another is necessary. A survey of 424 emerging adults indicated that, at least from the support provider’s perspective, expected outcomes, efficacy assessments, and sexual health expertise shape the support they provide friends, supporting the theory of motivated information management’s propositions. However, expertise moderated the effects of coping and target efficacy in unexpected ways, suggesting a conditional process when providing blame, fault, and distraction support. Results, as a whole, support yet complicate the theory of motivated information management’s explanation for the support or information provider due to expertise and emphasize the need for complete sexual health education for young people.

The Policy of Reproductive Health Education for the Adolescence with Intellectual Disability in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study

Adolescence with disabilities are one of Indonesia's human resources whose quality must be improved to make them play the role as the subjects in health development. The result of the National Socio-Economic Survey in 2012 shows that there are 2.45% of Indonesian people are disabilities. According to the Social Protection Program (PPLS) in 2012, the number of people with disabilities is 3, 838, 985. This research was a qualitative research with case study design carried out in June-July 2018. The total informants were 27 people coming from different stakeholders related to the reproductive health education for young people with mental retardation. The results of this study show that not all of the relevant stakeholders formulate the policies regarding the reproductive health education for young people with mental retardation. It is only the Ministry of Education and Culture that has formulated a specific policy in the form of reproductive health guidelines for adolescence with intellectual disability. The implementation of these policies is not optimal and is expected to be included in the special education curriculum.

Assessing Participation and Effectiveness of the Peer-Led Approach in Youth Sexual Health Education: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in More Developed Countries

Sexual health education for young people is crucial not only for development of norms but also for protection against vulnerabilities during this stage in life. Although several systematic reviews have examined the effectiveness of peer-led sex education, none have focused on the extent of peer participation. The purpose of this review was to evaluate peer-led sexual health education interventions in more developed countries (MDCs). Electronic and manual searches across five social science, education, and medical databases were conducted. Fifteen articles were selected in total. Most (10 of 15) studies gave low or no responsibility to peers. The majority of articles found improvements in sexual health knowledge (13 of 14) and attitudes (11 of 15) at postintervention stages. Two studies showed improved self-efficacy, and three showed behavioral changes. A preliminary synthesis of effectiveness and level of participation was done. Meta-analysis revealed a large effect on knowledge change (Hedges’ g = 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 1.25) and a medium effect on attitude change (Hedges’ g = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.80). Peer-led interventions could be a powerful tool. This review shows that this approach is effective in changing knowledge and attitudes but not behaviors. Further research and action are needed to understand optimal implementation.

OC48 - Hurtology: an online course.

Theme: School health. The prevalence of anxiety and depression suggests a need to improve on the mental health education of young people. The school setting can provide a venue for offering such knowledge to adolescents. This study explored whether a video game enhances lessons designed to help adolescents become more receptive to learning about mental health concepts. This study used a quantitative between-subjects design. The first group experienced a set of computer-based lessons. The second group received the same content, but also played a video game designed to reinforce topics explored in the other materials. The findings showed that game players demonstrated deeper learning on at least one measure. Helping adolescents develop better ways to understand the relevance of emotional health is a worthwhile endeavour. New technologies can be used to improve learning and help young people become more receptive to addressing mental health concerns.

Inconceivable Hypokalemia: A Case Report of Acute Severe Barium Chloride Poisoning

Barium is a heavy divalent alkaline earth metal that has been known as a muscle poison. Barium can cause human toxicity, which may lead to significant hypokalemia and have serious consequences. This paper reports a case of unprecedented barium intoxication in which the patient, who suffered from depression, swallowed at least 3.0 g barium chloride to commit suicide. On admission, the patient presented with nausea, vomiting, stomach burning feeling, dizziness, and weakness. Emergency biochemical testing showed that the patient was suffering from severe hypokalemia (K+ 1.7 mmol/L). His electrocardiogram (ECG) prompted atrioventricular blocking, ventricular tachycardia, prolongation of PR interval, ST segment depression with U waves, and T wave inversion. Intravenous potassium supplements were given immediately to correct hypokalemia and regular monitoring of vital signs and fluid balance was arranged. After all-out rescue of our hospital personnel, the condition of the patient is currently stable and he is gradually recovering. This case exemplifies the weaknesses of the management of toxic substances and the lack of mental health education for young people. We hope to get more attention for the supervision of toxic substances and the healthy development of young people.

Retooling Assessment Procedures for Skill-based Health Education for Young People in Nigeria: Implications for 21st Century Educational Assessment

Skill-based Health Education is an approach to Health Education that is effective, interactive, engaging and meaningful. It focuses on skills and functional knowledge of health issues within a society. The importance of Health Education cannot be overemphasized as it plays significant role in preventing disease, prolonging life and protecting health. The extent to which the objectives of school Health Education can be realized is closely tied to assessment procedures that will be effective in assessing the skills taught. This is because a critical role assessment plays is to serve as a tool to support instructional processes. In a century characterized by explosion of knowledge as well as emerging challenges, skill-based Health Education has evolved as a responsive tool to surmounting the myriads of health challenges in this century. There is therefore an overwhelming need for a paradigm shift in the assessment procedures of school Health Education to critically evaluate the ability of learners to apply the skills in addressing contemporary societal health challenges. This paper attempts to propose appropriate assessment procedures for skill-based Health Education in Nigerian schools.

Exploring the Opinions of Parents and Teachers about Young People Receiving Puberty and Sex Education in Rural Kenya: A Qualitative Study

In Kenya, one of the most significant public health concerns is the spread of HIV. Additionally, 13,000 girls drop out of school every year due to pregnancy. Although the Kenyan Ministry of Education and other independent organisations have tried to implement various means of developing puberty and sexual health education for young people, the situation is not improving. Aims: To explore the opinions of teachers and parents in rural Kenya about delivering puberty and sex education and to identify their perceptions of barriers to young people accessing this education. Study Design: Qualitative study. Place and Duration of Study: Rural Nyanza Province, Western Kenya between January and March 2013. Methodology: semi-structured interviews with 19 teachers and 30 parents following a topic guide to explore their opinions about what young people need to learn about sex education and perceived barriers to accessing that education. The interviews were Original Research Article British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 4(4): 1014-1033, 2014 1015 transcribed and subjected to Framework analysis. Results: Analysis revealed a lack of continuity in teacher training for sex education and discrepancies in what is being taught in schools. It also highlighted internal contradictions in teachers’ and parents’ views about some aspects of sex education, particularly the emphasis on abstinence and negative attitudes towards contraception. Conclusion: Strategies for improvement may include a full evaluation of the formal sex education curriculum and retraining where necessary to ensure consistency in the sexual health messages that are delivered to young people. Additionally, parents and wider rural communities may need to be better supported in their ways of discussing puberty and sexual health with their children.

HIV-related stress in dating relationships and its significance for developmental psychology of adolescence and emerging adulthood

While developmental psychological literature considers the threat of HIV as a health risk in dating relationships, little if any research has examined the psychological strain that the threat of HIV places on dating couples. This study aimed at investigating HIV-related dating stress. The data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from a sample of 204 students at the University of Botswana aged 18 to 21 years. Most participants were worried about the possibility of contracting HIV through their dating relationships. HIV-related stress derived from: engaging in a sexual relationship; doubts about their partner’s trustworthiness, honesty and fidelity; and an inability to communicate with their partner about HIV. Length of dating and sexual intercourse did not result in significant differences in the experience of stress. The results suggest that learning how to deal with the threat of HIV in relationships without compromising interpersonal trust and sexual health becomes a developmental challenge. The results indicate that the threat of HIV creates a cognitive and emotional dilemma, which makes young people prone to engaging in denial to maintain trust in their relationships. Knowledge about HIV-related dating stress and coping mechanisms can benefit psychological counselling and sexual health education for young people. Key words: Adolescence, Botswana, dating relationships, developmental psychology, dyadic trust, emerging adulthood, health psychology, HIV and AIDS, stress and coping.

Behavioural interventions for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections in young people aged 13-19 years: a systematic review

We systematically reviewed school-based skills building behavioural interventions for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections. References were sought from 15 electronic resources, bibliographies of systematic reviews/included studies and experts. Two authors independently extracted data and quality-assessed studies. Fifteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs), conducted in the United States, Africa or Europe, met the inclusion criteria. They were heterogeneous in terms of intervention length, content, intensity and providers. Data from 12 RCTs passed quality assessment criteria and provided evidence of positive changes in non-behavioural outcomes (e.g. knowledge and self-efficacy). Intervention effects on behavioural outcomes, such as condom use, were generally limited and did not demonstrate a negative impact (e.g. earlier sexual initiation). Beneficial effect on at least one, but never all behavioural outcomes assessed was reported by about half the studies, but this was sometimes limited to a participant subgroup. Sexual health education for young people is important as it increases knowledge upon which to make decisions about sexual behaviour. However, a number of factors may limit intervention impact on behavioural outcomes. Further research could draw on one of the more effective studies reviewed and could explore the effectiveness of 'booster' sessions as young people move from adolescence to young adulthood.

Improving sexual health education for young people with learning disabilities

Young people with special needs have the same rights as other young people to receive information and education about sexual health issues and to access services. Despite national guidance stating that schools have a duty to ensure that all young people are properly included in sex and relationship education, the provision of such health education to this client group remains inadequate. Comprehensive personal, social and sexual education programmes are needed to enable young people to clarify their values and attitudes, develop self-esteem, self-awareness, recognise and resist peer pressure, develop healthy relationships, recognise and prevent unsafe situations, negotiate and practise safe sex when they are ready to engage in sexual relationships. Wider interventions are also needed, including changing societal attitudes about young people and sexuality, which will enable young people with learning disabilities to develop knowledge and understanding and communicate effectively about sex and relationships.

Improving sexual health education for young people with learning disabilities

Improving sexual health education for young people with learning disabilities

Life Skills-based Nutrition Education

After the implementation of the Fundamental Law of Nutrition Education, specific items for “instruction in nutrition” were incorporated in school education; this was the beginning of health and nutrition education in schools. Reports on the eating habits of youth indicate that they have an unbalanced diet; they prefer western food and dislike vegetables. They are unhealthy because they eat irregularly, i.e., they skip breakfast, or eat alone. It has been confirmed that eating breakfast is related to sleep and wake-up times, appetite in the morning, attitude toward the importance of breakfast, self-esteem, social skills, and good nutrition behavior among family members. Life skills that according to the WHO are an essential part of the health education of young people can build self-esteem. The life skills comprise: decision-making skills that involve the ability to identify problems, obtain information, and predict results; goal-setting skills that involve the ability to set an attainable goal, achieve and practice it; communication skills; and stress-management skills. We developed and popularize a Life skills-based nutrition education program for children. The aim of this program was to modify the unhealthy eating behavior of skipping breakfast and consuming unhealthy snacks. Children are taught to prepare snacks by themselves and plan a healthy breakfast; they are also taught to brainstorm, role-play, and case studies in order to gain and strengthen their life skills. Thus, the children develop healthy behavior through repetitive training and can learn to solve problems by themselves in real life. It is believed that this learning helps children strengthen their self-efficacy by teaching them to find solutions by themselves to problems. Working together also helps children develop bonds with their team-mates by recognizing each other's positive attributes and abilities and then they form positive self-concept.

Short report

Sexual health education for young people with special needs and learning difficulties