Health Education For Pregnant Women Research Articles

Exploring midwives' training needs and preferences for providing sexual health education for pregnant women: a mixed-methods study.

Background Numerous studies highlight a common inadequacy among midwives in addressing sexuality and sexual health issues in pregnant women. These findings underscore the crucial need for sexual health education for midwives. Nevertheless, the specific training needs and preferences regarding sexual health education for pregnant women among midwives remain largely unexplored in existing literature. The aim of this study was to explore midwives' training needs and preferences for providing sexual health education for pregnant women. Methods The research employed a mixed-methods, institution-based cross-sectional study design conducted from July to August 2021. Convenience sampling was applied for quantitative research, while purposive sampling was utilised for the qualitative component. Midwives from 19 hospitals in Guangdong Province were invited to participate in a questionnaire survey addressing training needs and preferences for sexual health education for pregnant women among midwives. Qualitative data analysis was performed using thematic analysis. Results A total of 462 midwives participated in the quantitative study, while 12 skilled midwives were involved in the qualitative component. A significant majority (82.5%) of midwives expressed a strong desire to engage in sexual health education. Online education emerged as the preferred mode of training among participants. Key areas of interest included reproductive health, sexual psychology, sex sociology, and education methods, underscoring a consistent demand for comprehensive sexual health education within the midwifery community. Conclusions Our study emphasises the pressing need for enhanced sexual health education for midwives and explores their preferences for future training.

Understanding health education needs of pregnant women in China during public health emergencies: a qualitative study amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Public health emergencies impose unique challenges on pregnant women, affecting their physiological, psychological, and social wellbeing. This study, focusing on the context of the corona virus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in China, aims to comprehensively explore the experiences of pregnant women amidst diverse public health crises. Herein, we investigate the health education needs of pregnant Chinese women in regard to public health emergencies to provide a scientific foundation for the development of targeted health education strategies. The study described in this article aims to explore the health education needs of pregnant Chinese women in the context of public health emergencies specifying the types of emergencies of pandemics and to provide a scientific basis for targeted health education interventions. Thirteen pregnant women were purposively selected, and the rationale for this sample size lies in the qualitative nature of the study, seeking in-depth insights rather than generalizability. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews, and the Colaizzi, which is a structured qualitative technique used to extract, interpret, and organize significant statements from participant descriptions into themes, providing a comprehensive understanding of their lived experiences. The analysis yielded six prominent themes encompassing the following areas: I. Personal protection and vaccine safety; II. Knowledge of maternal health; III. Knowledge of fetal health; IV. Knowledge of childbirth; V. Knowledge of postpartum recovery; and VI. Knowledge sources of health education for pregnant women and their expectations of healthcare providers. Theme I was analyzed with two sub-themes (needs for personal protection knowledge, vaccine safety knowledge needs); Theme II was analyzed with three sub-themes (nutrition and diet, exercise and rest, sexual life); Theme III was analyzed with three sub-themes (medications and hazardous substances, pregnancy check-ups, and fetal movement monitoring); Theme IV was analyzed with three sub-themes (family accompaniment, analgesia in childbirth, and choice of mode of delivery); Theme V was analyzed with one sub-theme (knowledge of postnatal recovery); Theme VI was analyzed with one sub-theme (expectations of Healthcare providers). Sub-themes within each main theme were identified, offering a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted challenges faced by pregnant women during public health emergencies. The interrelation between sub-themes and main themes contributes to a holistic portrayal of their experiences. The study emphasizes the need for healthcare professionals to tailor health education for pregnant women during emergencies, highlighting the role of the Internet in improving information dissemination. It recommends actionable strategies for effective health communication, ensuring these women receive comprehensive support through digital platforms for better health outcomes during public health crises.

Training on Early Detection of Chronic Energy Deficiency in Pregnancy

Chronic Energy Deficiency in pregnancy is a condition where pregnant women suffer from a lack of food that lasts for a long time. Pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency have poor eating behavior, which is influenced by knowledge, perception, beliefs and health education. Health education provided by health workers can increase knowledge and change eating behavior and can be done better if assisted by an expert system. The aim of this activity is to train health workers (doctors, midwives, nutritionists) to carry out early detection of chronic energy deficiency in pregnancy using an expert system, increasing knowledge, attitudes and eating behavior of pregnant women. The method that will be carried out is training using the web-based expert system modelangraini.com for health workers, health education for pregnant women, and increasing knowledge and changing eating behavior of pregnant women. This activity was carried out for 1 day and took place in Faculty of Medicine, University of Lampung on Saturday 30 September 2023 with 45 family doctors, midwives and nutritionists in Bandar Lampung City participating. The results of the evaluation of the implementation of the service showed that there was an increase in participants' understanding by 91.1% to good understanding, 8.9% of participants had a fairly good understanding, and no participants had a poor understanding of the causes, risk factors, impacts, prevention methods, and early detection of chronic energy deficiency in pregnancy with techniques that are fast, easy and can help health workers in providing education and interventions on the eating behavior of pregnant women. This training activity can improve the skills of health workers in an effort to increase knowledge, attitudes and eating behavior of pregnant women so that they can prevent, overcome and help reduce the prevalence of chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women and prevent stunting in toddlers. Keywords: early detection, chronic energy deficiency, training, health workers

Health education to promote knowledge about sickle cell disease and newborn screening in pregnant women: a community-based pilot study using the healthy beginning initiative

BackgroundPregnancy presents a critical period for any maternal and child health intervention that may impact the health of the newborn. With low antenatal care attendance by pregnant women in health facilities in Nigeria, community-based programs could enable increased reach for health education about sickle cell disease (SCD) and newborn screening (NBS) among pregnant women. This pilot study aimed to assess the effect of education on the knowledge about SCD and NBS among pregnant women using the Healthy Beginning Initiative, a community-based framework.MethodsA pre-post study design was used to evaluate knowledge of SCD and NBS in a convenience sample of 89 consenting pregnant women from three communities. Participants were given surveys prior to and following completion of a health education session. McNemar’s test was used to compare the proportion of participants with correct responses. The level of significance was taken as p < 0.05.ResultsCompared to pre-test values, post-test values showed that participants understood that SCD is hereditary (93.3% vs. 69.7%), both parents must have at least one gene for someone to have SCD (98.9% vs. 77.5) and blood test is the right way to know if one has SCD (98.8% vs. 78.7%). Also, a large proportion of participants (post-test ~ 89.9%; compared to pre-test ~ 23.6%) understood that the chance of conceiving a child with SCD was 25% for a couple with the sickle cell trait (SCT). Knowledge of the possibility of diagnosing SCD shortly after birth was highly increased in the post test phase of the study when compared to the pre-test phase (93.3% vs. 43.9%, respectively). Concerning the overall knowledge scores, those with high level of knowledge significantly increase from 12.6% pretest to 87.4% posttest (p = 0.015).ConclusionThe health education intervention was associated with significant improvement on almost all measures of SCD knowledge. Focused health education for pregnant women using community structures can improve knowledge of SCD and NBS.

Perspectives of pregnant women on maternal health information handouts at KwaZulu-Natal sub-district.

Maternal health information handouts are used by midwives to facilitate health education of pregnant women during their antenatal care (ANC) period. South Africa's Saving Mothers Report 2014 showed that delay in accessing medical help, as a patient-related avoidable factor, accounted for 27% of maternal and neonatal mortality. To ascertain the perceptions of pregnant women attending ANC in the Msunduzi sub-district in uMgungundlovu District, towards the maternal health information handouts. The study was conducted at three primary health care (PHC) clinics (two PHC and one CHC [Community Health Care]) that provided ANC in the Msunduzi sub-district KwaZulu-Natal, in 2019. Using a qualitative approach, focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 10 participants from each clinic. Data were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. The themes explored included: availability and access of handouts, usefulness, review of handouts, alternative methods available, and family involvement. The authors concluded that although the maternal information handouts were given to the mothers during their maternal health visits, few of them were aware of these handouts. New strategies should be employed to deliver this vital information, as suggested by mothers.Contribution: The awareness of pregnant mothers about the information handouts contributes to the positive perinatal outcomes at clinic levels.

The Effect of Educative Blog Health Education in Preparation for Childbirth on the Knowledge of Pregnant Women Primigravida Trimester III

Background and Aims: Maternal labor-readiness will help mothers to be more willing to face their labor smoothly and prevent high maternal and infant mortality rates. Then the easy way to use blog applications as a medium to meet information needs is expected to help third trimester pregnant women in preparing for their labor. Educational blogs can be an innovation in health education for pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an effect of educational blogs on the knowledge of third trimester primigravid women about labor preparation in the Payung Sekaki Health Center area, Riau, Indonesia. Methods: This type of experimental research used a One Group Pretest-Posttest research design that included 60 primigravid women who were randomly selected and met the inclusion requirements. This research was conducted at the Payung Sekaki Community Health Center Riau, Indonesia in August-December 2022. Statistical tests were conducted using paired sample t-test. Results: The results showed that the average score of Pre-Test knowledge was 70.80 and Post-Test 88.60 and there was an effect of using educational blog media on the knowledge of third trimester primigravid women about labor preparation in the Payung Sekaki Health Center area (p &lt; 0.05) with an increase in knowledge by 25.14%. Conclusions: It is expected that health workers can optimize the use of educational blogs in providing health education as a promotional effort, especially regarding childbirth preparation.

Proportion and risk factors of low birth weight among neonates delivered at Omdurman Maternity Hospital, Sudan.

Low birth weight (LBW) is a major predictor of child mortality and morbidity. The objectives of this study are to determine the proportion and risk factors of LBW. A matched case-control study was conducted at Omdurman Maternity Hospital, Sudan. The study population consisted of all babies delivered in August 2016 excluding stillbirths, multiple births, and babies with insufficient data. All LBW neonates were selected using total coverage sampling as cases and matched on babies' gender with randomly selected normal birth weights as controls. The sample size was 350 babies; 175 test cases and 175 control cases. Data were collected from hospital records and six risk factors were tested: mother age, parity, gravidity, mode of delivery, hypertensive disorders, and diabetes mellitus. The proportion of LBW was 10.8% of the total number of delivered neonates which is 2,938. The bivariate analysis identified that younger mother age (p = 0.03) and hypertension (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with LBW while other factors were found statistically insignificant. Multivariable conditional logistic regression revealed that hypertensive disorders in pregnancy increase the risk for LBW almost three times [Adjusted OR = 2.98 (95% CI: 1.23-7.22), p = 0.02]. We found that hypertension is an independent risk factor for LBW. The proportion of LBWcan be reduced if hypertension is controlled by providing simple measures like proper antenatal care and health education for pregnant women.

The Impact of Health Education through Lecture-Discussion Methods on Enhancing Hepatitis B Knowledge

Health education is essential in promoting awareness and reducing stigma related to various medical conditions. Health education for pregnant women is vital to increase their knowledge about various aspects of health, including hepatitis B. Health education using the lecture-discussion method effectively conveys medical information and facilitates participants’ more profound understanding. This study aims to determine the influence of health education using the lecture-discussion method on knowledge about hepatitis B infection in pregnant women. This study uses pre-experimental research. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis, and the number of samples was 144 respondents. The results show a significant influence of health education with lecture and discussion methods on pregnant women’s knowledge about hepatitis B infection. Health education, which integrates lectures and discussions, is hoped to be carried out continuously and sustainably to increase knowledge about hepatitis B infection in pregnant women. The researcher’s recommendation in the future is to provide health education with a combination method integration (video, lecture, and discussion) in control groups and interventions. This research contributes to providing information and assisting in designing more effective health education interventions.

Trichomonas vaginalis and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital, Oromia Region, Southern Ethiopia.

Trichomoniasis is caused by a flagellated protozoan parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. It is one of the most common, curable nonsexually transmitted infections globally. In Ethiopia, complications associated with genital infection in pregnant women are a common problem. Despite the burden of the disease, epidemiological data related to this disease is currently rare in Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. Objective. This research is aimed at assessing the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital. Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 196 pregnant women attending ANC at Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital. Structured questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic and associated factor data. The consecutive sampling technique was used to include study participants. The two vaginal swabs were collected by brushing the vagina with a sterile cotton swab and tested by using direct wet mount and the Giemsa staining. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 for logistic regression analysis. A p value < 0.05 with 95% CI was used to declare it statistically significant. Result. An overall prevalence of T. vaginalis among pregnant women was 7.7% (95% with confidence interval (CI), 0.043-0.123). The highest prevalence was observed among the 35-39-year-old age group with 18.2% and among widowed women with 25%. This study revealed that the number of sexual partners (AOR: 3.215, 95% CI: 1.062-9.731) was a significant associated factor of T. vaginalis.Conclusion. The prevalence of T. vaginalis was considerably high among pregnant women in this study. This finding emphasizes the need for routine screening and treatment of pregnant women in the first antenatal care and enhances the need for regular health education for pregnant women at antenatal clinics to make them aware of their health, and avoidance of the risk of trichomoniasis is advised.

PKM Pendampingan Kelas Ibu Anti Razia (Kurang Gizi Dan Anemia) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Durian Luncuk

Stunting is still a national health problem, including in Jambi Province. The highest prevalence of stunted toddlers was found in Batanghari Regency, precisely in the Durian Luncuk Health Centre Working Area. Malnutrition and anemia in pregnant women will cause low birth weight and malnutrition in toddlers, including the stunting. The trend of the percentage of mothers giving birth to low birth weight babies (BBLR) in the last three years tends to increase, while babies with BBLR are more at risk of stunting. Efforts to prevent malnutrition and anemia in pregnant women include increasing the consumption of foods high in iron and protein around the mother's residence, which is the local wisdom of the region. The purpose of this activity is to carry out the assistance of anti-Razia (Malnutrition and Anemia) pregnant women's classes as a forum for health education for pregnant women and posyandu cadres to empower communities to prevent stunting, as well as midwives who can facilitate and become resource persons in anti-Razia women's classes with the method of theoretical exposure and demonstration of food processing practices which are divided into three classes where each class consists of three meetings. After a series of activities, the knowledge of pregnant women increased by 61%, the knowledge of posyandu cadres increased by 63%, and the knowledge of village midwives increased by 19%, the formation and implementation of the anti-Razia mother class, the implementation of cadre and village midwife training, increased knowledge and behavioral changes about the use of local food to prevent malnutrition and anemia in pregnant women and intellectual property rights for the Anti-Razia Mother Class module.

Upaya Peningkatan Konsumsi Tablet Fe terhadap Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil

This study aims to analyze complications in pregnancy and childbirth caused by iron deficiency in pregnant women. The research method uses a literature review with a library approach using existing databases Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Portal Garuda. The research results show that the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia has not reached the target due to a lack of knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women about the importance of blood supplement tablets during pregnancy. In conclusion, efforts to consume fe tablets are influenced by factors that must be improved. Regular visits by health workers and assistance from the family are the most influential factors for improving health education for pregnant women.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Pregnant Women, Anemia Prevention, Fe Tablets

Asymptomatic Malaria During Pregnancy: Prevalence, Influence on Anemia and Associated Factors in West Guji Zone, Ethiopia - A Community-Based Study.

Pregnant women with asymptomatic malaria parasitemia are at increased risk of anaemia, stillbirth, miscarriage, and preterm delivery. The asymptomatic nature of the population makes diagnosis difficult, and there is generally a lack of urgency to address this specific outcome. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria and associated factors among pregnant women in West Guji Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 557 asymptomatic pregnant women in the West Guji Zone from February to March 2022. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics. Approximately 2 milliliters of peripheral blood was collected for microscopy to identify species and parasite density. Epi-Data and SPSS were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Binary logistic regression was used to identify risk factors. The prevalence of malaria among asymptomatic pregnant women was 24.10% (95% CI: 20.55%-27.65%). The prevalence of Plasmodium vivax and falciparum prevalence was 73 (54.5%) and 61 (45.5%), respectively. Of the study subjects, 105 (78.4%) had mild parasitemia and 29 (21.6%) had moderate parasitemia. Pregnant women with Plasmodium infection were anaemic in two-thirds (66.5%) of cases. Living near standing water (AOR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.74-3.96), having a history of Plasmodium species infection (AOR=2.12, 95% CI: 1.36-3.31), not using indoor residual spraying (AOR=2.0, 95% CI: 1.32-3.14), and not using insecticide-treated bed nets (AOR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.02-2.55) were all factors that were significantly associated with asymptomatic infection. Pregnant women with Plasmodium infection had a significantly higher rate of anaemia than those who were not infected (OR = 6.31, p = 0.000). Pregnant women had a significant prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium infection. Regular screening, appropriate treatment for those who test positive, and health education for pregnant women should be provided by the West Guji Zone Health Bureau.

Hubungan Anemia, Status Gizi, Dan Jarak Kehamilan Pada Ibu Hamil Terhadap Kejadian Berat Bayi Lahir Rendah (BBLR)

Introduction: LBW is the highest predictor of infant mortality, especially in the first month of life. LBW babies have a 20 times greater risk of death compared to babies born with normal weight. The purpose of this study is to the relationship between anemia, nutritional status, and pregnancy intervals in pregnant women on the incidence of low-birth-weight babies (LBW) at Cimacan Hospital in 2022. Methods: Retrospective Descriptive research design. In this study, the population was mothers who gave birth at Cimacan Hospital in January-June 2022 as many as 341 people. The sample in this study was 77 respondents in this study using a purposive sampling technique. Researchers used the Chi-Square test. Results: Based on the results of research on the relationship between anemia in pregnant women and the incidence of low-birth-weight babies (LBW) the p-value = 0,000 was obtained. The relationship between nutritional status in pregnant women and the incidence of low-birth-weight babies (LBW) obtained a p-value = 0,000. The relationship between pregnancy spacing in pregnant women and the incidence of low-birth-weight babies (LBW) obtained a p-value = 0,000. Discussion: The conclusion is that there is a relationship between anemia, nutritional status, and pregnancy intervals in pregnant women to the incidence of low-birth-weight babies (LBW) at Cimacan Hospital in 2022. Suggestions for health workers to carry out health promotion through placing billboards, counseling both individually and in groups, and can conduct health education for pregnant women through classes on pregnant women especially the problem of balanced nutrition during pregnancy to avoid LBW.

Association between breastfeeding and periodontitis in Korean women using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES): a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesThe effect of breastfeeding on periodontal disease in women remains unclear. This cross-sectional study used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to explore the association between breastfeeding and periodontitis in Korean women using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII).Materials and methodsCross-sectional data was analyzed from the KNHANES 2016–2018. The study population included 5,587 parous women aged ≥ 30 years. The outcome variable was the presence or absence of periodontitis. The explanatory variable, period of breastfeeding, was defined as “none”, “1–11 months”, and “more than 12 months”. Confounder variables (socio-educational, personal healthcare practice, and systemic medical characteristics) were adjusted for in the logistic regression analysis.ResultsApproximately 60% of the participants breastfed for ≥ 12 months. In all statistical models, the prevalence of periodontitis was approximately 60% greater in women that did not breastfeed compared to women that had breastfed for 12 months or longer. When adjusted for age, statistical significance was only present in the 50–59 years age group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.678; 95% confidence interval [CIs], 1.046–2.691).ConclusionOur study shows that women that breastfed for a relatively long duration had a lower risk of periodontitis. Therefore, breastfeeding may be beneficial for women’s periodontal health. These results are expected to be helpful in oral health education for pregnant women.

Mental Health Education for Pregnant Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Surakarta, Indonesia

The main factors increasing the risk of depression are pregnant women’s lack of knowledge about recognizing signs and symptoms, early detection, and prevention efforts. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of mental health education on pregnant Indonesian women’s knowledge and self-efficacy during the COVID-19 pandemic. A quasi-experimental study was conducted. Pregnant women in four Surakarta primary health care facilities received antenatal care using Basic Emergency Obstetric Neonatal Care. The inclusion criteria for the sample were 127 pregnant women with a gestational age of 24-36 weeks, no family history of mental disorders, a singleton pregnancy, and participation in the intervention from beginning to end. The study excluded pregnant women who experienced complications during their pregnancy. Sample sizes for the intervention and control groups were 67 and 60 pregnant women, respectively. Personal psychoeducation intervention was provided by trained midwives during antenatal care. During the intervention, materials were presented in modules, and videos were shared through WhatsApp groups and discussions. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms. The data were analyzed using the paired t-test and independent t-test. Following the intervention, the mean score for knowledge and self-efficacy increased. Depressive symptom scores decreased following the intervention and were significantly different from the control group. Mental health education interventions for pregnant women using modules and videos can improve pregnant women’s knowledge and self-efficacy in preventing antenatal and postnatal depression.

Sífilis congênita no Paraná: uma análise de série histórica (2012-2021)

To analyze the epidemiological profile of congenital syphilis in Paraná from 2012 to 2021. Observational descriptive epidemiological study, survey type, based on data from the Information System of Notifiable Diseases available at DataSUS. The number of cases of congenital syphilis increased from 19.7 per 10,000 live births in 2012 to 51.4 in 2020. Of the 22 regional units, Paranaguá, Pato Branco, and Metropolitana reported the highest prevalence. The diagnosis prevailed in white children of up to 6 days old, resulting in cure after treatment. Of the mothers, those with low level of education prevailed. Most cases occurred among pregnant women who had prenatal care, but with untreated partners. There is a need for investment in health education for pregnant women and continued education for health professionals for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of syphilis in pregnant women and especially in partners.

Relationship between Gravidity and Low Birth Weight in Kendari City Hospital

This study aims to determine the relationship between gravity and the incidence of low birth weight in Kendari city hospital. This research method is quantitative, the sample of this research is 58 respondents. Research results It is known from the results of data analysis that the chi-square test value is obtained, namely the calculated X2 value is 10,434 or greater than the X2 table with a value of 3,841, and it is known that the P value is not greater than Alpha (0.005 &lt;0.05). This can be interpreted that the independent variable meme is related the dependent variable with the closeness of the variable relationship can be seen from the Phi value, which is 0.424 which lies in the range of the coefficient interval 0.40-0.599 which can be concluded that there is a relationship with a moderate level. It is recommended to provide more Health Education for pregnant women as an early detection of the risk of LBW

Analysis Factors of The Physical Environment on The Risk of Stunting in Pregnant Women

Background: Stunting can occur before delivery due to inadequate nutrition during pregnancy, the causes of stunting also include social, physical, and biological environmental factors. Based onthe results of the study, it was found that 52 pregnant women in the second and third trimesters with high-risk pregnancies had the potential to give birth to children at risk of stunting. Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between physical environmental factorssuch as sanitation, clean water, family latrines, residential settings, and cigarette smoke pollutantswith the risk of stunting in the working area of the Batu City Health Center, Bogor Regency. Methods: This type of research is an analytic survey with a cross sectional approach. The research sample was 100 pregnant women. The research was conducted in September 2022 usinga questionnaire. Data analysis was performed univariately and bivariately using the Chi Squere statistical test. The frequency distribution of high-risk pregnant women is 52.0%, physicalenvironmental factors are not good sanitation is 68.0%, water is not clean 61.0%, does not have atoilet 55.0%, residential settings are at risk 55.0%, and cigarette smoke pollutants are 67.0%. Result: The results of statistical tests showed that there was a significant relationship between physical environmental factors and the risk of stunting with a p-value below 0.05. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between sanitation, clean water, family latrines, residential settings, cigarette smoke pollutants with a high risk of pregnancy which has the potential for mothers to give birth to children at risk of stunting. It is expected to improve health education for pregnant women even before conception to create a superior generation free from stunting.

Optimization of Anemia Prevention Improvement Among Trimester II Pregnant Women Through Educational Videos at Salembaran Jaya Health Centre Tangerang Regency

Background: Anemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells or the capacity of red blood cells to carry oxygen is insufficient to meet physiological needs. Anemia pregnant women are pregnant women with Hb levels &lt;11.0 g/dl who are examined at the first visit (K1). Pregnant women with anemia have a higher risk of giving birth to babies with iron deficiency anemia which can last throughout the child's early years and inhibit the growth of the child's brain cells and other body cells, resulting in delayed growth and development. Purpose: To determine the average value and influence on the knowledge and attitudes of second trimester pregnant women before and after being given educational video counselling. Methods: This quasi-experimental study used a one group pretest-posttest design. The sample in the study was 58 pregnant women. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The research instrument consists of a questionnaire about questions aimed at respondents regarding anemia causes, characteristics, impact, prevention, how to overcome, treatment, good habits to prevent anemia. Result: The results showed that there was a significant effect on the average value before and after being given educational video counselling to second trimester pregnant women at the Salembaran Jaya Health Center, Tangerang Regency. Conclusions: Health education for pregnant women is very important so that pregnant women are expected to participate in every counselling activity to increase knowledge and attitudes to prevent anemia. characteristics, impact, prevention, how to overcome, treatment, good habits to prevent anemia.

Trends and risk factors of stillbirth among women of reproductive age in Pakistan: A multivariate decomposition analysis.

Every year, 2 million babies are stillborn in the world. Globally, there has been a decline in the stillbirth rate of 2%. Despite advancements in prenatal care and the implementation of new medical technologies, the incidence of early stillbirths remains unchanged. A slight decrease in the rate of late-term stillbirth has been observed. Pakistan ranked third in South Asia for having the highest stillbirth rate. Compared to its neighbors and other developing nations, Pakistan has shown a lack of progress in reducing maternal and neonatal fatalities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use a multivariate decomposition analysis to examine the trends and factors that have contributed to the change in the stillbirth rate over time. To conduct this study, we used a secondary data analysis approach and analyzed data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) of 2012-2013 and 2017-2018). For the analysis, a total sample of 15,068 births in 2017-2018 and 13,558 births in the PDHS from 2012 to 2013 were taken into account. Using the MVDCMP function within STATA version 15 statistical software, a logit-based multivariate decomposition model was fitted to determine the variables that influence the change in stillbirth. The current study used two cross-sectional surveys to identify important risk factors for stillbirths. Over the past 5 years, Pakistan's stillbirth rate has risen from 3.98 to 5.75%. According to the total multivariate decomposition analysis, the change in coefficient (change in the effect of attributes) accounted for 81.17% of the overall change in the proportion of stillbirths. In contrast, the change in endowment was not statistically significant. Changes in maternal education, individual and community-level wealth status, and mode of delivery all significantly impacted the rate of stillbirths over time. Stillbirths increased in Pakistan from 2012 to 2017. Stillbirths are observed more frequently for women residing in Punjab, Sindh, and rural areas. A major concern that is directly related to the prevalence of stillbirths in Pakistan is the lack of accessible, affordable, and high-quality maternal healthcare facilities. Older, overweight, and uneducated women are more likely to have stillbirths than women who deliver vaginally. High parity and short birth intervals also accelerated the rate of stillbirths. An effective remedy to control stillbirths is the provision of accessible and affordable healthcare services. Awareness campaigns for the health education of pregnant women should focus on raising awareness to support better pregnancy outcomes for poor women living in communities with higher education levels. The risk of stillbirth can be reduced by offering free diagnostics for early detection of birth complications in low-resource settings and referring these cases to knowledgeable gynecologists for safe delivery.