Health Consequences Of Violence Research Articles

Особенности насилия в сиблинговых отношениях: сравнительный анализ отечественных и зарубежных публикаций

<p><span lang="EN-US">The article presents the results of a qualitative analysis of scientific publications on the problem of violence in sibling relations on domestic and foreign information platforms. It is shown that the problem of violence in sibling relationships has been studied for about 100 years and has a rich history and a wide study space. Unfortunately, among the scientific publications on the problem under consideration, there is an insufficient number of domestic studies. The data obtained made it possible to identify areas of study of the problem and conduct a qualitative comparative analysis of the text material, including the names of articles, their annotations and the text of open access articles. The study identifies the following main areas of consideration of violence among siblings: characteristics of violence (personal characteristics of siblings and their relationships); forms of violence (physical, sexual, psychological, etc.); the health effects of violence on siblings (ranging from bruises, bites to death); methods of psychological assistance and diagnosis of violence (methods of assistance, diagnostic tools and their sensitivity to the study of the problem); factors of violence among siblings (biological, psychological, social, etc.); intergenerational transmission of domestic violence (mechanisms of transmission and features of manifestation), the influence of violence among siblings on relations with others (social space of siblings). As special topics for the study of violence among siblings, the following are highlighted: crimes between siblings; sibling violence during the pandemic; the innocuous perception of violence among siblings; violence among siblings in movies; religious aspects of Sibling violence. Comparative analysis made it possible to establish the dominant problems and their interrelation, as well as the place of violence in sibling relationships in the development of their personality, family space, in personal life, as well as in relations with the social environment.</span></p>

Health Effects of Violence in the African American Community

I currently practice in Baltimore, MD, which has a large population of African Americans, making up 62.3% of the city’s population based on the 2020 Census.1 Baltimore, along with most large urban cities across the nation, has a large minority population, an alarming rate of violence, and is ranked number 3 on the most violent cities in America, behind St. Louis and Detroit, respectively.2 I have seen firsthand how observed violence can affect a patient’s health outcome. I recently cared for an African American veteran in my hepatology clinic for a follow-up of cirrhosis.

Projeto Educabella: ações educativas para prevenção da violência contra a mulher nas escolas municipais de Ipojuca

O objetivo deste texto é descrever as ações de educação em saúde promovidas por discentes do Programa de Extensão do Curso de Segurança do Trabalho do Instituto Federal de Pernambuco (IFPE) com adolescentes do ensino fundamental das escolas municipais de Ipojuca/PE sobre violência contra a mulher. Trata-se de um relato de experiência embasado na vivência prática do Projeto “Educabella”, desenvolvido no período de fevereiro a dezembro de 2019. As ações educativas do projeto foram fundamentadas nos princípios da pesquisa-ação, que teve a estratégia da oficina educativa para promover maior envolvimento e participação das estudantes na apresentação e discussão do tema. Nas atividades educativas foram abordados os seguintes assuntos, a saber: o que é violência; formas de violência; consequências da violência para a saúde; a lei Maria da Penha e o ligue 180; e empoderamento feminino. Todas as escolas selecionadas foram atendidas, sendo dez escolas alcançadas e 339 adolescentes participantes. Como resultados, nas visitas às escolas observou-se que a ação educativa proporcionou a construção de novos saberes sobre a violência contra a mulher, na qual houve participação ativa e grande interesse das adolescentes pelo assunto, pois a didática empregada permitiu a aquisição de novos conhecimentos a partir de um processo educativo-participativo. A experiência das discentes do curso de segurança em atividades de educação em saúde sobre violência contra a mulher no âmbito escolar, mostrou-se relevante para viabilizar a essas a aquisição de novas habilidades em ações educativas, como também, para difundir o conhecimento sobre violência contra a mulher às adolescentes.

Symptom Sequelae Following Violence Against Youth With Disabilities.

The objective of this study was to examine the physical and mental health impact of violence against youth with and without disabilities. We analyzed data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (2008-2016), a nationally representative survey on crime in the United States. Respondents included 729 adolescents (12-17 years) and 953 young adults (18-24 years) who experienced violence in the previous 6 months. Disability status was determined using a six-item screener. Outcome measures included several physical and mental health symptoms experienced for at least one month following violence. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic, Poisson, and negative binomial regression models. The results indicated that, for at least one month following a violent incident, adolescents and young adults with disabilities were more likely to experience headaches, sleep difficulty, changes in eating or drinking habits, fatigue, muscle pain, and severe distress compared to peers without disabilities. Young adults with disabilities were also more likely to experience stomach problems, depression, and anxiety. Adolescents and young adults with disabilities experienced a greater number of concurrent physical and mental health symptoms compared to peers without disabilities. The results suggest that the health effects of violence are worse for youth with disabilities compared to their nondisabled peers. These findings emphasize the importance of screening young people with disabilities for violence exposure and ensuring that trauma and health services are universally accessible.

Hidden voices: prevalence and risk factors for violence against women with disabilities in Nepal.

BackgroundThere is an increasing body of evidence on the extent and predictors of violence against women in Nepal. However, much of the published research does not yet take into account additional features of marginalization and vulnerability suffered by some women – for example, women socially excluded on account of their disability. Critical gaps exist in empirical data on the extent, risk factors, access to care, socio-economic and health consequences of violence among women with disabilities in Nepal. This paper addresses some these gaps and aims to promote evidence-informed policy and programme responses in Nepal.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of 475 women with disability aged 16 years and above in three districts in Nepal. In-depth interviews with 12 women who reported violence in the survey were also carried out. Using multivariate statistical methods we estimated the prevalence and risk factors for violence experienced both over the past 12 months and lifetime.ResultsOver the lifetime, 57.7% of women reported they had ever experienced violence, including emotional violence (55.2%); physical violence (34%); and sexual violence (21.5%). Over the preceding 12 months, 42% of women reported that they had experienced violence. Multivariate analysis showed that women with disabilities who were young, working in paid employment, and those who required permission from husbands/family to go to health centres or participate in community organizations were at increased risk of violence. Women experienced a range of negative outcomes from violence – including physical and emotional trauma. However, a majority of women did not seek care or redress from the health, justice or other sectors.ConclusionsWomen in Nepal are at high risk of violence, often from members of their immediate family or local community. Rates of violence are higher in women with disability than among women in the general population. Tackling violence requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the root causes of women’s unequal position in society, and builds upon principles of equity and justice to ensure that all women are able to realize their rights to a life free from violence.

The Relation between Violence against Older Adult Women, their Quality of Life and Health Consequences

Violence against older adult women is a serious public health and human rights concern. It occurs in one or more of the following ways: physical, sexual, emotional, and financial violence. Moreover, it can have a myriad of devastating consequences on health and wellbeing of the older adult women. Along with the immediate physical and emotional impacts of violence, older adult women's overall quality of life adversely affected, which can in turn, influence their participation and engagement in various aspects of life and society. Objective: Determine the relation between violence against older adult women, their quality of life and health consequences. Settings: The inpatient units and geriatric outpatient clinics of Mansoura University Medical Hospital, Mansoura University Main Hospital and Mansoura General and New General Hospital affiliated to the Ministry of Health. Subjects: The study was carried out on 294 older adult women aged 60 year and above. Tools: Data was collected using four tools, tool I (Older adult women's socio-demographic & clinical data structured interview schedule), tool II (Violence assessment structured interview schedule), tool III (Health consequences of violence against older adult women structured interview schedule) and tool IV (WHOQOL-BREF). Results: Nearly a quarter (23.8%) of the study older adult women suffered from violence. Psychological and economic violence were the most common types of violence reported by the study older adult women. A statistically significant relationship was found between violence and quality of life. Conclusion: Violence consequences on psychological health were reported by the majority of the study violated older adult women. The violated women reported poor QOL, while non-violated women reported good QOL with a statistically significant difference between the violated and non violated older adult women. Recommendations: Responsible senior nurses in the inpatient units and the outpatient clinics prepare posters illustrating methods of avoidance of and protection from violence for older adult women. Messages about violence against older adult women and methods of prevention and protection from violence should be delivered to the older adult women via mass media to raise awareness.

Violence and abuse as priorities for public and mental health policy

The research This work is part of an independent study commissioned and funded by England’s Department of Health to examine effective responses to the long-term mental health consequences of violence and abuse (http://www.natcen.ac.uk/our-research/research/responding-effectively-to-long-term-consequences-of-violence-and-abuse-(reva)/). Methods We carried out secondary analysis of the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, the primary national data source on rates of treated and untreated mental illness in the population, and …

Acceptance of routine or case-based inquiry for intimate partner violence: a mixed method study

BackgroundThe prevalence and detrimental health effects of intimate partner violence have resulted in international discussions and recommendations that health care professionals should screen women for intimate partner violence during general and antenatal health care visits. Due to the lack of discussion on routine or case-based inquiry for intimate partner violence during antenatal care in Germany, this study seeks to explore its acceptability among pregnant German women.MethodsA mixed methods approach was used, utilizing a self-administered survey on the acceptability of routine or case-based inquiry for intimate partner violence in a university hospital’s maternity ward in Munich and in-depth interviews with seven women who experienced violence during pregnancy.ResultsOf the 401 women who participated in the survey, 92 percent were in favor of routine or case-based inquiry for intimate partner violence during antenatal care. Acceptance of routine or case-based inquiry for intimate partner violence during antenatal care was significantly associated with women’s experiences of child sexual abuse, being young, less educated, single or divorced and smoking during pregnancy. Open-ended survey questions and in-depth interviews stressed adequate training for screening, sufficient time and provision of referral information as important conditions for routine or case-based inquiry for intimate partner violence.ConclusionsWomen in this study showed an overwhelming support for routine or case-based screening for intimate partner violence in antenatal care in Germany. Until adequate training is in place to allow providers to inquire for intimate partner violence in a professional manner, this study recommends that health care providers are made aware of the prevalence and health consequences of violence during pregnancy.

Evolving Research on the Treatment of Health Effects of Violence and Human Rights Abuses

Evolving Research on the Treatment of Health Effects of Violence and Human Rights Abuses

Violence victimization among Finnish university students: Prevalence, symptoms and healthcare usage

The present study examined the prevalence of various forms of violence victimization among university students in Finland. Violence victimization was analyzed in relation to physical and mental health symptoms, and the use of student healthcare services. A cross-sectional Student Health Survey was performed as a national postal survey for Finnish university students in 2004. In the next phase of the study, an additional postal survey regarding violence victimization was sent to those who had answered the original survey, which resulted in a sample of 905 students. It was found that violence victimization and violence-related health issues were markedly prevalent among Finnish university students. The students reported multiple forms of violence and injury demonstrating the diversity of violence victimization. Male and female victims differed both in the amount and type of symptoms, and in their relationship to the abuser/offender. Violence victimization and gender had a significant main effect on specific symptoms, while no interaction effect was found. The data also showed that violence victimization is overrepresented among frequent healthcare users. These findings have implications for clinical practice and public policy. The present findings provide useful information for policy makers and healthcare professionals concerning the health effects of violence in accordance with the use of healthcare services. More specifically, this information should be taken into consideration when planning student healthcare and could serve as a guideline for student healthcare management.

Victims and health - health consequences of violence against women

In this paper, an overview of violence against women prevalence in Serbia and worldwide, as well as its influences on health, is given. Apart from causing physical injuries, violence against women is a risk factor for developing different health problems. Violence effects on health are cumulative, and its consequences remain even after quitting violence. Most frequent health disorders related to violence are expressed as so called "functional" disorders, such as: diverse chronicle pain syndromes, gastrointestinal disorders, irritable bowel syndrome etc. Also, violence consequences could be sexual transmitted infections, unwanted pregnancy followed by complication and low birth weight, as well as various psychological disorders - depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress syndrome, etc. Substance and alcohol abuse, and suicidal tendencies, are also related to violence. Risk for illness is increasing when woman is exposed to both physical and sexual violence at the same time. In certain number of cases, violence against women is causing death of victim. While working with women, health professionals should approach in an appropriate way and ask questions regarding violence. .

Characterizing perceived police violence: implications for public health.

Despite growing recognition of violence's health consequences and the World Health Organization's recent classification of police officers' excessive use of force as a form of violence, public health investigators have produced scant research characterizing police-perpetrated abuse. Using qualitative data from a study of a police drug crackdown in 2000 in 1 New York City police precinct, we explored 40 injection drug using and 25 non-drug using precinct residents' perceptions of and experiences with police-perpetrated abuse. Participants, particularly injection drug users and non-drug using men, reported police physical, psychological, and sexual violence and neglect; they often associated this abuse with crackdown-related tactics and perceived officer prejudice. We recommend that public health research address the prevalence, nature, and public health implications of police violence.

Violence against Canadian Women.

Health IssueExposure to violence as children or as adults places a woman at higher risk of poor health outcomes, both physical and psychological. Abused women use more health care services and have poorer social functioning than non-abused women. Knowledge of the prevalence of violence against women, and of which women are at risk, should assist in the planning of services for abuse prevention and treatment of the health consequences of abuse.Key FindingsThe highest rates of any partner violence were in Alberta (25.5%) and British Columbia (23%). The lowest rates were in Ontario (18.8%). Women aged 15–24 had the highest rates in all regions in Canada, compared with older women. Aboriginal women in Manitoba/Saskatchewan and Alberta had higher rates of violence (57.2% and 56.6% respectively) than non-Aboriginal women (20.6%). Lower rates of partner-related violence were reported among women not born in Canada (18.4%) than among Canadian-born women (21.7%). Visible minority women reported lower rates of lifetime sexual assault (5.7%) than non-visible minority women (12.3%). Perceptions of violence may vary by ethnicity.Data Gaps and RecommendationsMore information is required concerning the prevalence of violence among Aboriginal women, immigrant and refugee women, women with disabilities, lesbian women and pregnant women. Future national population-based surveys need better questions on the health consequences of violence and related resource utilization. Further research is needed to identify the health care system's role in prevention, management and rehabilitation as they relate to violence against women. Future programs and policies must be based on valid, reliable and comprehensive empirical data.

Childhood sexual abuse and preterm labor in adulthood: an endocrinological hypothesis

Anecdotal reports link adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm delivery, to women with histories of childhood sexual abuse. Although little research has been conducted on this subject, we provide an overview of known health effects of violence against women and posit a biological explanation for adverse pregnancy outcomes among this population. Specifically, we hypothesize that early traumatic experiences of childhood sexual abuse may activate corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) gene expression in the brain, and a vulnerability to elevated CRH gene expression in the placenta. Those traumatized by early abuse may be more susceptible to stress vı́s a vı́s CRH dysregulation during a major psychosocial stressor, such as pregnancy. Elevated CRH has been associated with preterm labor.

Withholding of sex and forced sex: Dimensions of violence against Zimbabwean women

Between 1995 and 1997, the Musasa Project in Harare conducted research to document the magnitude and health consequences of violence against women by their sexual partner in Zimbabwe. An unforeseen issue that emerged was the extent that women's husbands/regular partners not only forced them to have sex (25 per cent), but would also sometimes stop having sex with them (17 per cent). Both forms of coercion could be used by men as a means of punishing or controlling their partners. Men who threatened or who were physically violent towards their partners were more likely to force sex and/or withdraw sex than those who were not violent. The withdrawal of sex was associated with potentially important changes in the relationship — including separation, the partner taking another wife or getting a girlfriend - and to force their wives to accept this new situation. Forced sex was more likely to occur in contexts where the woman may have felt she had the right to refuse sex, e.g. when her partner had a girlfriend. On the other hand, some men stopped sex to protect their wives from sexually transmitted infections. Withdrawal of sex was interpreted by women as a sign that the relationship might be ending, which represented not only a loss oflove but possibly also a loss of economic security and her children. Future research on violence and sexuality needs to explore not only forced sex but also the withdrawal of sex within relationships.

Let's be clear. Violence is a public health problem.

Let's be clear. Violence is a public health problem.