Healthcare Workers In Ethiopia Research Articles

Health service providers experience of psycho-emotional violence and associated factors among urban hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia.

Psycho-emotional violence, a type of workplace violence targeting healthcare workers, varies across countries, occasions, and professions in the healthcare sector. Unfortunately, there is a scarcity of comprehensive studies focusing on violence against healthcare workers in Ethiopia, which may also encompass psycho-gender-based emotional violence against healthcare workers. Therefore, there is a compelling need for in-depth research to address this gap and develop effective strategies to mitigate psycho-emotional violence in the healthcare sector in Ethiopia, especially in the eastern region. Hence, we aimed to identify the prevalence of and factors associated with workplace psycho-emotional violence against healthcare providers in eastern Ethiopia. This institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 744 health professionals working in urban public hospitals in eastern Ethiopia. Multistage stratified random sampling was used, and data were collected using a standardized structured tool adopted from the WHO workplace violence assessment tool. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with psycho-emotional workplace violence. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported, and a p-value of 0.05 was used as the cut-off point to declare significance. Workplace psycho-emotional violence was reported by 57.39% of the healthcare workers. The absence of guidelines for gender-based abuse [AOR = 35.62, 95% CI:17.47, 72.64], presence of measures that improve surroundings (class lighting and privacy) [AOR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.98], training on workplace violence coping mechanism [AOR = 0.16, 95%CI: 0.26, 0.98], spending more than 50% of their time with HIV/AIDS patients [AOR = 1.96, 95%CI:1.05, 3.72], and spending more than 50% of their time with psychiatric patients [AOR = 1.92, 95%CI:1.08, 3.43] were factors significantly associated with workplace violence against health professionals. The prevalence of workplace psycho-emotional violence against health professionals in eastern Ethiopia was relatively high. Improving the working environment decreases the chance of workplace violence; however, there is a lack of guidelines for gender-based violence, the absence of training on coping mechanisms, and spending more time with psychiatric and HIV/AIDS patients' increases workplace violence. We recommend that health institutions develop gender abuse mitigation guidelines and provide training on coping mechanisms.

Vaccine uptake, barriers and enhancers of COVID-19 vaccination among health care workers in Ethiopia

Vaccine uptake, barriers and enhancers of COVID-19 vaccination among health care workers in Ethiopia

Healthcare setting staff satisfaction in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

AbstractBackgroundJob satisfaction means how happy and content people are with their job. Workers who are satisfied with their jobs tend to get more work done and give better care. When workers are not happy at work, they are also not productive as well and many of them leave their jobs. This study aimed to address the level of job satisfaction and associated factors among healthcare setting staff in Ethiopia from 2012 to 2022.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Google Scholar and African Index Medicus databases have been searched based on preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta‐analysis. Pooled estimate of job satisfaction level was done using the random effects model after significant heterogeneities have been checked by subgroup analysis. Publication bias was checked using funnel plot.ResultsPooled satisfaction level of healthcare workers in Ethiopia was 50.31%. Factors associated were autonomy (pooled odds ratio (POR) = 5.79, 95% CI: 1.99–16.90), training (POR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.69–5.67), organizational policy (POR = 4.71, 95% CI: 2.09–10.61), reward (POR = 4.58,95% CI: 1.51–13.84), payment (POR = 3.89, 95% CI: 1.77–8.54), supervision (POR = 5.34, 95% CI: 3.72–7.67) and work environment (POR = 5.44, 95% CI: 2.80–10.58).ConclusionAbout half of healthcare staff in Ethiopia's healthcare settings were satisfied with their job. This result was lower than the job satisfaction level of other parts of the world, even in African countries. Healthcare settings should strive to provide a good working environment, with training opportunities, adequate payment, supportive supervision and conducive organizational policy.

Healthcare Waste Management Practices and Its Associated Factors Among Healthcare Workers in Health Facilities in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Introduction: Waste Management Practices have garnered growing interest in hospitals, research facilities, and laboratories over the past few years. However, there seems to be noticeable absence of a comprehensive understanding regarding research on waste management practices in health facilities among healthcare workers. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with healthcare waste management practices among healthcare workers in Ethiopia. Methods: The search was performed by using the Web of Science (WoS) database, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library. To assess the presence of publication bias, by using funnel plots, contour-enhanced funnel plots, trim and fill analysis, and Begg and Egger regression test. A significance level of P ⩽ .05 was used to indicate potential publication bias. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the I2 statistics. Results: From retrieved original studies, 15 studies were included in the meta-analysis with a total of n = 5260 healthcare workers. The pooled prevalence of waste management practices in Ethiopia was 52.86% (95% CI = 51.57, 54.15), with significant heterogeneity observed between studies ( I2 = 97.0%; P ⩽ .001). Sub-group analysis based on regional distribution in Ethiopia revealed that the highest prevalence of waste management practices was observed in Southern Nation and Nationalities and People’s Region with 61.9% (95% CI = 52.953, 64.449). Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence of waste management practices among healthcare workers in Ethiopia was notably low. Training and the presence of guidelines were significantly associated with waste management practices. The healthcare facilities have improved access to and availability of policies related to waste management and the Ministry of Health promotes their use through various means, including training for healthcare professionals.

Tuberculosis infection control practice and associated factors among health care workers in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Background The poor practice of tuberculosis infection control may increase the risk of transmission of tuberculosis in healthcare settings. Thus, this study aimed to determine the pooled magnitude of good tuberculosis infection control practice and associated factors among healthcare workers in Ethiopia. Methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist guideline was followed for this review and meta-analysis. The electronic databases (Pub Med, Cochrane Library, Google scholar and grey literatures) were searched to retrieve articles by using keywords. The Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument was used to assess the quality of studies. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. The meta-analysis with a 95% confidence interval using STATA 17 software was computed to present the pooled practice and odds ratio of the determinant factors. Publication bias was assessed visually by inspecting the funnel plot asymmetry and using statistical tests using the eggers and begs test. Results Seven studies were included in this meta-analysis, with a total of 3256 health workers. The overall pooled magnitude of good tuberculosis infection control practice was 46.44% (95% CI: 34.21%, 58.67%). In subgroup analysis, the highest practice was in Addis Ababa 51.40% (95% CI: 47.40, 55.40%) and the lowest prevalence of tuberculosis infection control practice was in Amhara region 40.24% (95% CI: 15.46, 65.02%). Working in TB clinics (AOR; 7.42, 95% CI: 3.89, 14.13) and good TB related knowledge (AOR; 4.40, 95% CI: 1.76, 10.97) were the significant predictors of good TB infection control practice. Conclusions Only less than half of the health care workers had good practice of TB infection control. Working in TB clinics and having good TB related knowledge were statistically significant predictors of TB infection control practice. Periodic shifting of health care workers to work in TB clinics and an emphasis on TB infection control related skill based training was recommended to increase the TB infection control practice.

Tuberculosis infection control practice among healthcare workers in Ethiopia: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is a main concern of health care workers in sub-Saharan Africa. Healthcare workers have the potential to have contact with TB patients and are the main stakeholders in...

Turnover intention among healthcare workers in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo determine the pooled prevalence of turnover intention among healthcare workers in Ethiopia.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and...

Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors among health care workers at public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia using the health belief model.

Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among Health Care Workers is mandatory to lessen and curve the spread of transmission of COVID-19. Even though the Health Belief Model is one of the most widely used models for understanding vaccination behavior against COVID-19 disease, COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among Health Care Workers in Ethiopia was not adequately explored by using the Health Belief Model domains. This study aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among Health care workers in eastern, Ethiopia. Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used among 417 health care workers selected by a systematic random sampling method from June 1- 30/2021. The data were collected by face-to-face interviews using semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed using STATA version 14 statistical software. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis with a 95% confidence interval was carried out to identify factors associated with willingness to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and a statistical significance was declared at a P-value < 0.05. The willingness of health care workers to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was 35.6%. Age 30-39 (AOR = 4.16;95% CI: 2.51, 6.88), age ≥ 40 years (AOR = 3.29;95% CI: 1.47, 7.39), good attitude (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.00, 3.55), perceived susceptibility (AOR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.32), and perceived severity (AOR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.10) were factors significantly associated with Health Care Workers acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine. The willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs was low. Factors significantly associated with the willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine were age, good attitude, perceived susceptibility, and perceived severity of the disease. The low willingness of Health Care Workers to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was alarming and it needs more emphasis from the government in collaboration with other stakeholders to provide reliable information to avert misconceptions and rumors about the vaccine to improve the vaccine status of Health Care Workers to protect the communities.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of current non-mandatory hepatitis B vaccination coverage vs expanding coverage among healthcare workers in Ethiopia

BackgroundEthiopia is a country with high endemicity in Hepatitis B (HepB) virus infection. However, only 14% of healthcare workers (HCWs) are currently immunized via a non-mandatory strategy in the country. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the current vaccination coverage and increasing coverage among HCWs in Ethiopia.MethodsBased on current practice, the study considered a monovalent HepB vaccine, which has a 90% protection rate with a complete three-dose series for lifelong protection. Markov model for current coverage (14%) and expanding vaccination coverage to 80% (as per World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation) was simulated based on the data got from both primary and secondary data. Secondary data, particularly cost and effectiveness data, were gained from published articles, WHO guidelines, and Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health documents. Cost-related data for vaccination and chronic HepB treatment were also gathered by interviewing expertise from Tikur Anbesa specialized hospital. We conducted the study from a healthcare payer perspective, with a 3% discount rate of cost and health outcome as recommended by the WHO. The primary health outcome was measured by the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). We employed deterministic analysis and tornado diagrams to manage parameter uncertainty and show a plausible range of cost and effectiveness of variables.ResultsCurrent vaccination program is more expensive (USD 29.99) with a more additional cost of USD 1.32 and with reduced effectiveness of 0.08 Life Years (LYs) compared to the expanded HepB vaccination strategy which costs USD 28.67 and gives a relatively high total LY gain of 28.62. The resulting ICER was USD-16.23 per LYs gained. The negative ICER shows that the expanded HepB vaccination strategy dominated the current vaccination strategy. A one-way sensitivity analysis also revealed that the current vaccine coverage was dominated by an increase in the risk of infection among unvaccinated individuals.ConclusionsExpanded vaccination coverage (to 80%) was found the most cost-effective strategy in Ethiopian HCWs compared to the current non-mandatory vaccine coverage (14%). In addition, the results of one-way and two-way sensitivity analysis reveal the robustness of our model conclusion.

Child growth monitoring and promotion practice and associated factors among health care workers at public health facilities in south Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundGrowth monitoring and promotion (GMP) is one of the health care priorities to assess and follow the growth pattern of children under 2 years old. Appropriate GMP services enable health care workers to control growth faltering early and child mortality. However, there is limited information showing the practice and associated factors of GMP service among health care workers in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the practice and identify associated factors of GMP service among health care workers at public health facilities of the South Wollo Zone, northeast Ethiopia.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 397 randomly selected health care workers in the South Wollo Zone, northeast Ethiopia, from May 25 to July 7, 2020. A pretested self-administered questionnaire and in-depth interview were used to collect the quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Quantitative data were entered using Epi data Version 3.1 and exported to statistical software for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software for further analysis. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with GMP practice. Statistical tests at a P value < 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval were taken as a cutoff point to determine the statistical significance. Qualitative data were analyzed by using thematic analysis.ResultsIn this study, the proportion of GMP practice among health care workers was 58.4% (95% CI: 54.0–63.0). Being a holder of first degree (AOR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.01, 5.05), being a holder of a diploma (AOR = 3.52; 95% CI: 2.04, 6.09), work experience with GMP (AOR = 3.13; 95% CI: 1.58, 6.20), receiving GMP training (AOR = 4.83; 95% CI: 2.89, 8.06), availability of GMP equipment (AOR = 2.75; 95% CI: 1.64, 4.58) and having a positive attitude toward GMP (AOR = 3.70; 95% CI: 2.23, 6.17) were factors significantly associated with GMP practice.Conclusions and recommendationsThe proportion of GMP practice among health care workers was still low. Educational level, work experience with GMP, GMP training, GMP equipment and attitude toward GMP were positively associated with GMP practice. Availability of GMP equipment brings positive attitudes toward GMP, and GMP training for health care workers with less experience should be strengthened to improve GMP practice.

Compliance with standard precaution of infection prevention practice and associated factors among health care workers in Ethiopia: Mixed method study.

Backgrounds and AimsIn developing countries, most infections can be prevented with relatively inexpensive infection prevention methods. However, there is limited information on standard precautions for infection prevention practices among health workers in Ethiopia Therefore, this study aimed to assess the compliance with the standard precaution of infection prevention practice and associated factors among health care workers (HCWs) using a mixed method study.MethodsA hospital‐based mixed‐methods study design (concurrent mixed method design) was conducted among 378 randomly selected health professionals. Self‐administered questionnaire; an in‐depth interview and an observational checklist were used to collect the data. The collected data were cleaned and entered into Epi data and analyzed using a static package for social science. Descriptive statistics were conducted and the result was reported using frequency, and percentile. Logistic regression was performed to identify associated factors. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and p < 0.05 were used to explain statistically significant associations.ResultsThe proportion of standard precaution practice among HCWs at Dessie specialized and comprehensive hospital was 55.6% (put the 95% CI). Age ≤ 25 years (AOR = 0.13, 95% CI: [0.04, 0.42]) and age 31 years above age ≤ 31 years (AOR = 0.06, 95% CI: [0.02, 0.3]), positive attitude toward the standard precaution (AOR: 6.43, 95% CI: [3.47, 11.94]). Access to IP guidelines (AOR: 3.13, 95% CI: [1.61, 6.07]). Training on standard precautions (AOR: 3.61, 95% CI: [1.75, 7.48]) were factors associated with standard precaution practice.ConclusionsIn this study, the overall proportion of HCWs' compliance with standard preventive practice was low. HCWs aged 31 years and above, training on standard precaution practice, availability of guidelines in each ward, attitude toward standard precaution practice, knowledge about standard precaution practice, and accessibility of standard precaution supplies were associated with compliance to standard precaution practice. Therefore, the strategies should be designed to fulfill hospitals with supplies, training, and avail guidelines in each ward.

Assessment of COVID-19 vaccination refusal among healthcare workers in Ethiopia.

BackgroundEven though the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine and the increasing vaccination rates are promising, there are reports of refusal to get vaccinated in a different segment of the population, including health care workers.ObjectiveThis study determines the acceptance/refusal of the COVID-19 vaccination and its predictors among health care workers in Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among a group of health care workers at different health facilities in Ethiopia. Data were collected from 1 to 30 July 2020. Data were collected from 403 participants through an online Google submission form. Data were entered into Epi-info 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis.ResultsApproximately 38.5% of the health care workers in the study had refused COVID-19 vaccination. Younger age groups vs. 40 and above years (age 20–24 year [AOR: 0.03, 95% CI (0.00, 0.48)], age 25–29 year [AOR: 0.02, 95% CI (0.00, 0.49)], and age 30–34 year [AOR: 0.04 (0.00, 0.49)] and medical doctors vs. Nurses [AOR: 0.06, 95% CI, (0.01, 0.42)] were reported as risk factors; also, academic working staff vs. hospital staff [AOR: 4.42, 95% CI (1.85, 10.54)] was reported as a protective factor toward refusal of COVID-19 vaccination.ConclusionTwo-fifths of health care workers in Ethiopia were indicated to refuse COVID-19 vaccination, implying a significant barrier to achieving WHO's a target of 70% double vaccination rate by mid-2022.

Self-reported side effects of the Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Ethiopia, Africa: A cross-sectional study.

IntroductionEthiopia is the second most populous country in Africa. Ethiopia received most of its COVID-19 vaccines through donations. The Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine is the first to be donated to Ethiopia by the COVAX facility. Healthcare workers were the priority population that received the Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. However, there was no nationwide study on the safety of the vaccine in Ethiopia. This study aimed to measure the prevalence and predictors of self-reported side effects of the Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine.Materials and methodsThe study employed a cross-sectional design. A sample of healthcare workers who took Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine was drawn from four regions of Ethiopia; namely, Amhara, Oromia, Somali, and Southwest. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, medical anamnesis, COVID-19 related anamnesis, and COVID-19 vaccine anamnesis via telephone interview. Descriptive and inferential analyses were done. The software, IBM SPSS Statistics v21.0, was used for analyses of data.ResultsOut of 384 people, 346 responded (response rate: 90.1%). Female accounted for 34.1% of the respondents. The mean age of the respondents was 31.0 years (Standard Deviation (SD) = 7.4). Nurses accounted for 43.7% of the respondents. The prevalence of at least one local- and systemic-side effect was 50.6 and 44.5%, respectively. The most frequent local- and systemic- side effect were injection site pain and headache, respectively. Both types of side effects mostly subsided in the first 3 days. A third of healthcare workers with side effects took at least one medication. Paracetamol followed by diclofenac sodium were taken by healthcare workers to overcome side effects. There was no independent predictor of local side effect. After controlling for age and chronic diseases, the odds of healthcare workers with COVID-19 like symptoms to experience systemic side effects was 1.38 (Confidence Interval (CI): 1.04–1.82) times more than that of healthcare workers without COVID-19 like symptoms.ConclusionsThe prevalence of local- and systemic-side effects of the Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine was modest. As the symptoms were mostly common in the first 3 days, it is preferable to monitor healthcare workers at least in the first 3 days following the administration of the vaccine.

Shift-work sleep disorder among health care workers at public hospitals, the case of Sidama national regional state, Ethiopia: A multicenter cross-sectional study.

Shift-work disrupts circadian rhythm, resulting in disturbed sleep time and excessive sleepiness during the work shift. Little is known about shift-work sleep disorder among health care workers in Ethiopia. This study examined the magnitude and associated factors of shift-work sleep disorder among health care workers in Public Hospitals in Sidama National Regional State, Southern Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 398 health care workers selected using a systematic random sampling technique. A self-administered structured questionnaire consisting of insomnia, sleepiness scales and international classification of sleep disorder criteria items was employed. Epi data version 4.6 and Stata 14 were used for data entry and statistical analysis respectively. Binary logistic regression was fitted to determine associated factors and decision for the statistical significance was made at p<0.05 in the multivariable binary logistic regression. Three hundred and ninety-eight health care workers (female = 53%) were included in the analysis with a response rate of 94.8%. The prevalence of shift-work sleep disorder was 33.67% (95% CI: 29.17%-38.45%). Being married (AOR = 1.88 (1.01-3.28)), three-shift (AOR = 1.078 (1.00-3.16)), ≥11 night shifts per month (AOR = 2.44 (1.36-4.38)), missing nap (AOR = 1.85 (1.04-3.30)), daily sleep time < 7hours (AOR = 1.88 (1.05-3.38)), khat chewing (AOR = 2.98 (1.27-8.09)), alcohol drinking (AOR = 2.6(1.45-4.92)), and cigarette smoking (AOR = 3.32 (1.35-8.14)) were significantly associated with shift-work sleep disorder. This study showed a high prevalence of shift-work sleep disorder. Two shift schedule, napping, and reduction of substance use might reduce shift-work sleep disorder.

Low back pain and associated factors among obstetrics care providers in public hospitals of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesAlthough the study of low back pain (LBP) among healthcare workers in Ethiopia is becoming common, it mainly focused on nurses leaving obstetrics care providers aside. The objective of this...

Health-care Workers' Willingness to Pay for COVID-19 Vaccines in Eastern Ethiopia: Using Contingent Valuation Method.

BackgroundHealth-care workers (HCWs) are among the highest risk groups for COVID-19 infection. The vaccine is found to be vital for HCWs, their household contacts, and their patients to protect against COVID-19 infection and maintain the safety of health systems. The actual willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccination and associated factors remain uncertain among health-care workers in Ethiopia. Therefore, studying health-care workers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for COVID-19 vaccination helps to have an insight on valuation of the vaccine.MethodsInstitution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 randomly selected health-care workers working in health facilities in eastern Ethiopia from February 3 to March 20, 2021. Pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary logistic regression analysis was fitted to test the associations between outcome and explanatory variables. A p-value of <0.05 with 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistical significance.ResultsThe magnitude of willingness to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine was 42.8%. The median amounts of money respondents willing to pay was 400 ETB (US$ 10.04). Sex (male, AOR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.39, 3.93), monthly income (>7000 ETB, AOR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.51), affordability (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.18, 3.35), fear of side effects (AOR = 3.75; 95% CI: 2.13, 6.60), support vaccinations (AOR = 2.97; 95% CI: 1.65, 5.35), the likelihood of getting COVID-19 infection (AOR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.26, 3.52) were independent determinants of WTP for a COVID-19 vaccine.ConclusionHealth-care workers’ willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccination was found to be low. Detailed health education and training about COVID-19 vaccines are required regarding their side effects, and efficacy to make an informed decision to enhance the willingness to pay for the vaccine. Moreover, the government should consider providing COVID vaccines free of charge for low-income groups and at an affordable price for those who could pay.

COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among healthcare workers in Ethiopia: Do we practice what we preach?

ObjectiveWe assessed healthcare workers (HCWs) COVID‐19 vaccine acceptability in Ethiopia.MethodsWe carried out a cross‐sectional survey from February to April 2021 in HCWs from five teaching hospitals. HCWs were selected using convenient sampling, and data were collected through a survey link. Descriptive analysis and mixed‐effect logistic regression were performed. A total of 1,314 HCWs participated in the study.ResultsWe found that 25.5% (n = 332) of the HCWs would not accept a COVID‐19 vaccine and 20.2% (n = 264) were not willing to recommend COVID‐19 vaccination to others. Factors associated with vaccine non‐acceptance were female sex (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3–2.5), the perception that vaccines are unsafe (AOR = 15.0; 95% CI: 8.7–25.9), not considering COVID‐19 as health risk (AOR = 4.4; 95% CI: 2.0–9.5) and being unconcerned about contracting COVID‐19 at work (AOR = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.5–8.4). Physicians were more willing to accept vaccination than other HCWs. Higher vaccine acceptability was also noted with increasing age. Participants most often indicated safety concerns as the determining factor on their decision to get vaccinated or not.ConclusionOverall, a quarter of HCWs would not accept a COVID‐19 vaccine. Communications and training should address vaccine safety concerns. Additionally, emphasis should be given to showing current and future impact of COVID‐19 on the personal, public and country level unless control efforts are improved. Interventions aimed to increase vaccine uptake should focus their efforts on younger and non‐physician HCWs.

Hand Hygiene Compliance and Associated Factors among Healthcare Workers in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Promoting hand hygiene compliance should be a priority for health authorities and all healthcare facilities at all levels. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a pooled estimate of hand hygiene compliance and associated factors among healthcare professionals in Ethiopia. Methods PubMed, Science Direct, EMBASE, the Google search engine, and Google Scholar were used to retrieve studies that were eligible for the study. The searches included all studies published in English prior to July 2021. Using a structured data extraction format, two authors independently extracted the required data. STATA Version 16 software has been used for statistical analysis. To measure the heterogeneity of the studies, the Cochrane Q-test statistics and I2 test were used. Because of the significant heterogeneity, a random-effects model was used. Results The pooled hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers in Ethiopia was 38% (95% CI: 0.16–0.59). According to the study's subgroup analysis, Addis Ababa City administration health workers had the highest hand hygiene compliance, at 73% (95% CI: 0.50–0.96), while SNNP regional state had the lowest, at 9% (95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Presence of hand hygiene promotion (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.04–3.24), towel/tissue paper availability (OR: 3.97, 95% CI: 2.09–5.86), having a positive attitude toward hand hygiene (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.28–2.30), having good knowledge about hand hygiene (OR: 3.45, 95% CI: 1.26–5.64), and being trained for hand hygiene (OR:4.97, 95% CI:1.81–8.14) were significantly associated with hand hygiene compliance. Conclusion In this analysis, hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers in Ethiopia was less than half. Providing hand hygiene promotion, towel/tissue paper presence, having a positive attitude toward hand hygiene, having good knowledge about hand hygiene, and being trained for hand hygiene were important variables for the increment of hand hygiene compliance.

Routine health information utilization and associated factors among health care workers in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Utilization of routine health information plays a vital role for the effectiveness of routine and programed decisions. A proper utilization of routine health information helps to make decisions based on evidence. Considerable studies have been done on the utilization of routine health information among health workers in Ethiopia, but inconsistent findings were reported. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the pooled utilization of routine health information and to identify associated factors among health workers in Ethiopia. Search of PubMed, HINARI, Global Health, Scopus, EMBASE, web of science, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify relevant studies from October 24, 2020 to November 18, 2020. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale tool was used to assess the quality of included studies. Two reviewers extracted the data independently using a standardized data extraction format and exported to STATA software version 11 for meta-analysis. Heterogeneity among studies was checked using Cochrane Q and I2 test statistics. The pooled estimate of utilization of routine health information was executed using a random effect model. After reviewing 22924 studies, 10 studies involving 4054 health workers were included for this review and meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of routine health information utilization among health workers in Ethiopia was 57.42% (95% CI: 41.48, 73.36). Supportive supervision (AOR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.80, 2.82), regular feedback (AOR = 2.86; 95% CI: 1.60, 5.12), availability of standard guideline (AOR = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.80, 3.58), data management knowledge (AOR = 3.04; 95% CI: 1.75, 5.29) and training on health information (AOR = 3.45; 95% CI: 1.96, 6.07) were identified factors associated with utilization of routine health information. This systematic review and meta-analysis found that more than two-fifth of health workers did not use their routine health information. This study suggests the need to conduct regular supportive supervision, provision of training and capacity building, mentoring on competence of routine health information tasks, and strengthening regular feedback at all health facilities. In addition, improving the accessibility and availability of standard set of indicators is important to scale-up information use.

Knowledge of Health Care Staffs Regarding Management of Second Waves of Covid-19 at Public Health Facilities at Barona Zone, Southern Ethiopia. 2021. A Descriptive Cross Sectional Study

Background During the 2020 pandemic, several countries have seen a two-wave trend of confirmed cases of corona virus disease-19, with the first wave occurring in the spring and the latest second wave occurring in the late summer and autumn. The characteristics of the virus's effects differ between the two periods, according to empirical data. There have been studies of variations in age group and disease severity, while the similarities and differences between the two waves are still largely unknown. These characteristics are compared in this analysis using data from two 3-and-a-half-month periods. The first, from 15 March to 30 December, corresponds to the entire first wave, and the second, from 1 April to 30 May, corresponds to a portion of the second wave, which was still present at the time of writing. During the first period, Patients in the second wave were younger, with a longer hospital stay and a higher case fatality rate than those in the first. There were more infants, pregnant mothers, and young adults in the second wave. Fever, dyspnea, pneumonia, and cough were the most common signs and symptoms in waves, and cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and chronic neurological diseases were the most common co morbidities. These findings can aid in understanding the second wave's characteristics, as well as the behavior and danger of SARS-CoV-2 in Ethiopia. Objectives To assess the knowledge of management of second wave of Corona Virus (COVID - 19) among Health care Workers at public health facilities at Barona zone, 2021. Methods From March 15 to April 15, 2021, an institutional-based cross-sectional analysis was performed. Public health facilities in the Barona zone were included. The most experienced front-runners were selected in proportion from their departments. Data from a self-administered questionnaire was entered into Epi Data, which was then analyzed using SPSS software. There is a discussion of descriptive and inferential statistics, as well as bivariable and multivariable regression analysis. Results 421 health care staffs involved in the study. The majority (253, 60.1%) of the health care staffs were female. Of the total, 132 (31.4%) subjects were nurses, followed by midwife (105, 24.9%), doctors (106, 25.2%), medical laboratory (27, 6.4%) and pharmacists (51, 12.1%). Of these, education of the health care staffs, majority (240, 57.0%) of the degree, diploma (168,39.9%) and master and above(13,3.1%).health care workers working in hospital(240,57.0%),health centre(168,39.9%)and health post(13,3.1%). 405(96.2%) of the staffs had good knowledge regarding management of second wave of covid19. 16(3.8%) of the health care staffs had poor knowledge regarding management of second wave of covid19. There is association between age, gender, education and work experience with knowledge on health care staff management towards second wave of COVID-19 and there is no association is found between marital status, occupation, and hospital type are all variables to consider. There is a link between age, gender, , education and work experience, but no link exists between profession and marital status, hospital form. Conclusion: The current study found that health-care workers in Ethiopia's Barona zone had previously recognized a significant idea but lacked a good understanding of the second wave COVID-19 pandemic's. Younger age groups, staff nurses, and female staffs all had requirements. Fifty percent of participants said they were unaware of their hospitals, indicating the need for greater universal solidarity.