Good Application Research Articles

Mental Health Applications of Generative AI and Large Language Modeling in the United States

Mental Health Applications of Generative AI and Large Language Modeling in the United States

Establishment and validation of a prediction model for apnea on bronchiolitis

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to examine the risk factors associated with apnea in hospitalized patients diagnosed with bronchiolitis and to develop a nomogram prediction model for the early identification of patients who are at risk of developing apnea.MethodsThe clinical data of patients diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis and hospitalized at the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between February 2018 and May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. LASSO regression and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the risk factors for apnea in these patients. A nomogram was constructed based on variables selected through multivariable logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve were used to assess the accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram model, and decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to evaluate the model's performance and clinical effectiveness.ResultsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 613 children hospitalized with bronchiolitis, among whom 53 (8.6%) experienced apnea. The results of Lasso regression and Logistic regression analyses showed that underlying diseases, feeding difficulties, tachypnea, WBC count, and lung consolidation were independent risk factors for apnea. A nomogram prediction model was constructed based on the five predictors mentioned above. After internal validation, the nomogram model demonstrated an AUC of 0.969 (95% CI 0.951–0.987), indicating strong predictive performance for apnea in bronchiolitis. Calibration curve analysis confirmed that the nomogram prediction model had good calibration, and the clinical decision curve analysis (DCA) indicated that the nomogram was clinically useful in estimating the net benefit to patients.ConclusionIn this study, a nomogram model was developed to predict the risk of apnea in hospitalized children with bronchiolitis. The model showed good predictive performance and clinical applicability, allowing for timely identification and intensified monitoring and treatment of high-risk patients to improve overall clinical prognosis.

Multimodal Technologies for Remote Assessment of Neurological and Mental Health.

Automated remote assessment and monitoring of patients' neurological and mental health is increasingly becoming an essential component of the digital clinic and telehealth ecosystem, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. This review article reviews various modalities of health information that are useful for developing such remote clinical assessments in the real world at scale. We first present an overview of the various modalities of health information-speech acoustics, natural language, conversational dynamics, orofacial or full body movement, eye gaze, respiration, cardiopulmonary, and neural-which can each be extracted from various signal sources-audio, video, text, or sensors. We further motivate their clinical utility with examples of how information from each modality can help us characterize how different disorders affect different aspects of patients' spoken communication. We then elucidate the advantages of combining one or more of these modalities toward a more holistic, informative, and robust assessment. We find that combining multiple modalities of health information allows for improved scientific interpretability, improved performance on downstream health applications such as early detection and progress monitoring, improved technological robustness, and improved user experience. We illustrate how these principles can be leveraged for remote clinical assessment at scale using a real-world case study of the Modality assessment platform. This review article motivates the combination of human-centric information from multiple modalities to measure various aspects of patients' health, arguing that remote clinical assessment that integrates this complementary information can be more effective and lead to better clinical outcomes than using any one data stream in isolation.

Effectiveness of a Mobile Health Application for Educating Outpatients about Bowel Preparation

Colonoscopy is an essential method for diagnosing and treating colorectal cancer, relying on effective bowel preparation to thoroughly examine the large intestinal mucosa. Traditional education involves printed instructions and verbal explanations but does not guarantee clear patient understanding. Poor bowel preparation can obscure mucosal visibility, delaying cancer diagnosis and treatment. A mobile medical model using Android devices for bowel preparation education was tested in a single-blind, randomized trial. This trial enrolled outpatients undergoing colonoscopy at the Endoscopy Center for Diagnostic and Treatment between 27 October 2021 and 31 December 2022. This study introduced the ColonClean app alongside traditional methods. After examination, endoscopists rated the preparation quality using the Aronchick scale. A data analysis was conducted using SPSS 25.0 to determine if there was a significant improvement in bowel preparation quality between the control group (traditional method) and the experimental group (traditional method plus the ColonClean app). Forty patients were recruited in each group. In the experimental group, all ratings were “fair”, with 75% receiving an “excellent” or “good” rating, showing statistical significance (p = 0.016). The ColonClean app improves bowel preparation quality more effectively than traditional care instructions.

Swelling characteristics of montmorillonite mineral particles in Gaomiaozi bentonite

Highly compacted bentonite is an ideal back-filling (buffer) material for the deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Montmorillonite is the main constituent mineral of it. The nanoscopic swelling characteristic of montmorillonite mineral particles greatly influences the macroscopic buffering performance of highly compacted bentonite blocks. Firstly, the montmorillonite suspension liquid was exfoliated by freeze-thaw cycles, the appropriate mineral particles were selected by atomic force microscope (AFM) for making colloidal probes. Then, the swelling pressure between mineral particles was measured by AFM, investigating the effects of interlayer distance, layer number, temperature, and interlayer cation type on the nanoscale swelling pressure. The experimental results showed that the swelling pressure of montmorillonite mineral particles peaks at about 0.7–0.8 nm interlayer distance. The swelling pressure of mineral particles with more layers is smaller. The higher the ambient temperature, the greater the swelling pressure. The swelling pressure of Ca-montmorillonite is significantly larger than that of Na-montmorillonite. The Laird model has a relatively good applicability with the interlayer distance of 0.6–1.2 nm; the DLVO theory has a good applicability with the interlayer distance greater than 1.5 nm. Finally, a predictive model was developed for the swelling pressure of nanoscopic mineral particles considering the effect of layer number. The research results provide data support and theoretical support for swelling pressure generation and cross-scale transmission mechanism of highly compacted bentonite hydration.

Axial compressive performance of RC columns strengthened with prestressed CFRP fabric and UHPC jacket with spiral stirrups

AbstractTo address the issue of easy shearing damage of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) in enhancing the axial compressive performance of CFRP and Ultra‐High‐Performance Concrete (UHPC) strengthened concrete columns, two methods, prestressed CFRP and UHPC with spiral stirrups, were employed for composite strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) columns. A total of one unstrengthened column and eight strengthened columns were designed and fabricated to validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The axial compressive performance and bearing capacity of each specimen were analyzed by considering parameters such as single or composite strengthening method, presence of spiral stirrups in UHPC, and application of pre‐stressed CFRP. The results show that, compared with any single strengthened specimen, the ultimate bearing capacity of the composite strengthened specimen is greater than the sum of the corresponding single strengthened specimens, and the bearing capacity of the prestressed CFRP with spiral stirrup UHPC composite strengthened specimen is the most significant, reaching 235.63%. By incorporating spiral stirrups in the UHPC jacket, the phenomenon of uneven fragmentation during the failure of the strengthened column is improved. This helps prevent premature shearing damage of CFRP and enhances the fracture strain and effective utilization of CFRP. Additionally, prestressed CFRP effectively restrains the lateral deformation and crack development of the core concrete in the UHPC jacket, fully utilizing the high compressive strength of UHPC. This further enhances the ultimate bearing capacity and ductility of the specimens. Based on the experimental phenomena and strain of each material, the failure mechanism of prestressed CFRP‐spiral reinforced UHPC composite‐strengthened columns is proposed. Finally, a unified bearing capacity calculation formula for single and composite strengthened columns is established, based on the theory of confined concrete strength and the assumption of strength increment superposition. The formula is validated with experimental results from relevant literature, showing small errors in the calculated results and indicating good applicability of the formula.

Effects of Different Synthetic and Organic Fertilizer Applications on the Micromorphological Characteristics of Maize (Zea mays L.) Leaves and Some Silage Quality Traits

Background: Fertilization is an important cultural practice used to support plant growth and development. Fertilizers provide plants with the nutrients they need, which help them to photosynthesize, grow and develop. Fertilizers are divided into two groups: organic and synthetic. Organic fertilizers are derived from organic materials such as manure, compost and bat guano. Synthetic fertilizers are produced using chemical methods. Methods: This study was conducted to determine the effects of different synthetic and organic fertilizer applications on silage quality and some micromorphological characteristics in maize plants. The study was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The RX-9292 silage maize variety was used as the plant material. Six different organic and synthetic fertilizer types with different contents (Control, Synthetic Fertilizer-1 (20 kg N, 8 kg P and 8 kg K per decare), Synthetic Fertilizer-2 (20 kg N, 10 kg P and 10 kg K per decare), Poultry Manure, Cattle Manure and Vermicompost). were used in the study. The ADF (%) (Acid Detergent Insoluble Fiber), NDF (%) (Neutral Detergent Insoluble Fiber), ADL (%) (Acid Detergent Insoluble Lignin), SDMR (%); (Silage Dry Matter Content) properties of the silage obtained were then examined. Additionally, the thickness of the cuticle, number and size of stoma-epidermis cells and stoma index of the leaves were measured and observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Result: As a result of the measurements and observations, it was found that both synthetic and organic fertilizer applications increased the yield and quality values in silage maize, but synthetic fertilizer applications were more advantageous than organic fertilizers. However, considering the environmental damage of synthetic fertilizers and the importance of organic fertilizer applications for animal health, organic fertilization is thought to be more appropriate.

A Decomposition-Based Multi-Objective Flying Foxes Optimization Algorithm and Its Applications

The flying foxes optimization (FFO) algorithm stimulated by the strategy used by flying foxes for subsistence in heat wave environments has shown good performance in the single-objective domain. Aiming to explore the effectiveness and benefits of the subsistence strategy used by flying foxes in solving optimization challenges involving multiple objectives, this research proposes a decomposition-based multi-objective flying foxes optimization algorithm (MOEA/D-FFO). It exhibits a great population management strategy, which mainly includes the following features. (1) In order to improve the exploration effectiveness of the flying fox population, a new offspring generation mechanism is introduced to improve the efficiency of exploration of peripheral space by flying fox populations. (2) A new population updating approach is proposed to adjust the neighbor matrices to the corresponding flying fox individuals using the new offspring, with the aim of enhancing the rate of convergence in the population. Through comparison experiments with classical algorithms (MOEA/D, NSGA-II, IBEA) and cutting-edge algorithms (MOEA/D-DYTS, MOEA/D-UR), MOEA/D-FFO achieves more than 11 best results. In addition, the experimental results under different population sizes show that the proposed algorithm is highly adaptable and has good application prospects in optimization problems for engineering applications.

A Decomposition-Based Multi-Objective Flying Foxes Optimization Algorithm and Its Applications

The flying foxes optimization (FFO) algorithm stimulated by the strategy used by flying foxes for subsistence in heat wave environments has shown good performance in the single-objective domain. Aiming to explore the effectiveness and benefits of the subsistence strategy used by flying foxes in solving optimization challenges involving multiple objectives, this research proposes a decomposition-based multi-objective flying foxes optimization algorithm (MOEA/D-FFO). It exhibits a great population management strategy, which mainly includes the following features. (1) In order to improve the exploration effectiveness of the flying fox population, a new offspring generation mechanism is introduced to improve the efficiency of exploration of peripheral space by flying fox populations. (2) A new population updating approach is proposed to adjust the neighbor matrices to the corresponding flying fox individuals using the new offspring, with the aim of enhancing the rate of convergence in the population. Through comparison experiments with classical algorithms (MOEA/D, NSGA-II, IBEA) and cutting-edge algorithms (MOEA/D-DYTS, MOEA/D-UR), MOEA/D-FFO achieves more than 11 best results. In addition, the experimental results under different population sizes show that the proposed algorithm is highly adaptable and has good application prospects in optimization problems for engineering applications.

Visual fluorescence detection kit for Cr (VI) based on biological matrix-derived carbon dots and assisted for AA

In this study, a novel green donkey-hide gelatin carbon dots (D-CDs) were synthesized by hydrothermal method and a portable detector based on Cr (VI) fluorescent test strips was prepared. The synthesized D-CDs exhibited bright blue fluorescence which was used for the detection of Cr (VI) and ascorbic acid (AA). It still exhibited high sensitivity and acceptable selectivity under high concentration of other interfering ions. The morphology and elemental characteristics of D-CDs were characterized. Meanwhile, the “on-off” quenching mechanism of Cr (VI) on D-CDs was studied by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence spectra. Then a D-CDs/Cr (VI) fluorescence sensing platform was constructed, and reopened by AA, thus eliciting an “on-off-on” fluorescence reaction. Under the optimal conditions, the fluorescence intensity was quenched significantly with the increase of Cr (VI) concentration and restored by the good reducibility of ascorbic acid (AA), with the linear ranges of 0.5–400 μM and 1–400 μM, respectively. The detection limits of Cr (VI) and AA can be as low as 0.08 μM and 0.14 μM. Consequently, it has low toxicity and can be successfully used as a fluorescent probe to determine Cr (VI) in river water and AA in fruits with satisfactory results. It not only lays a foundation for the development of fluorescence sensor in the field of environment and food, but also provides a good application prospect for its detection of heavy metal ions and AA.

Improved Implementation of Chua’s Circuit on an Active Inductor and Non-Autonomous System

Chua’s circuit is a well-established model for studying chaotic phenomena and is extensively implemented in fields like encrypted communication. However, a traditional Chua’s circuit has large volume, high component precision requirements and limited adjustable parameter range, which are not conducive to application. In order to solve these problems, we propose an improved implementation of Chua’s circuit on an active inductor and non-autonomous system. First, we adopt the strategy of using active inductors instead of traditional passive inductors, achieving the miniaturization of the circuit and improving the accuracy of inductance. In addition, we present the theory of substituting non-autonomous systems for classical autonomous systems to reduce the requirements for the accuracy of components and improve the robustness of the circuit. Lastly, we connect the extension resistor in parallel with Chua’s diode to optimize circuit structure, thereby increasing the range of the adjustable parameter. Based on the three improvements above, experiments have shown that the average maximum error tolerance of components of our improved design has been increased from 1.88% to 7.38% when generating a single vortex, and from 4.73% to 12.61% when generating a double vortex, compared with the traditional Chua’s circuit. The range of the adjustable parameter has been increased by 195.83% and 36.98%, respectively, when generating a single vortex and double vortex. In summary, our improved circuit is more practical than the traditional Chua’s circuit and has good application value.

Study on Critical Width of Semi-Coal Rock Roadway of Shallow-Buried Thin Coal Seam Based on Coal Side Self-Stabilization

In the context of a shallow-buried thin coal seam, the surrounding rock deformation in the semi-coal rock roadway is comparatively small, resulting in self-stabilization of the two sides of the roadway without the need for support when the roadway is below a critical width. This study focuses on the transportation roadway of the 2107 working face in the Anzhe Coal Mine, employing a combination of laboratory tests, field tests, theoretical analyses, and numerical simulations. A mechanical model for the layered roof of the semi-coal rock roadway in a shallow-buried thin coal seam is developed, along with a calculation formula for determining the critical width of such roadways. The study also initially examines the correlation between the critical width and factors such as the tensile strength of the roof, the buried depth of the roadway, and the thickness of the immediate roof strata under conditions where the coal sides of the roadway are self-stabilizing. The results showed the following. (1) The calculation formula has good applicability for typical shallow-buried mine roadways in the Niuwu mining area and shallow-buried semi-coal rock roadways with coal thickness below 0.7 m under similar geological conditions. The critical width is related to the tensile strength of the roof, the buried depth of the roadway, and the thickness of the immediate roof strata. The degree of influence is determined by the thickness of the immediate roof strata > the tensile strength of the roof > the buried depth of the roadway. Among these, the tensile strength of the roof, the thickness of the immediate roof strata, and the critical width are basically in a positive exponentially increasing relationship, and the buried depth of the roadway and the critical width are basically in a negative exponentially decreasing relationship. (2) The on-site measurement of the loose circle on both sides of the roadway revealed that the rock mass loose circle had a thickness of 0.2 m, while the coal loose circle had a thickness ranging from 0.6 m to 0.7 m, aligning closely with the results obtained from theoretical calculations. The thickness of the coal loose circle on both sides served as the basis for determining the critical width of the semi-coal rock roadway in the shallow-buried thin coal seam. The calculated critical width of the roadway was 2.9 m, whereas the actual width measured was 2.4 m. Consequently, the two sides of the roadway are deemed capable of self-stabilization in the unsupported state. (3) Following the optimization of the support scheme, engineering analysis indicates that the roof and floor exhibit a maximum convergence of 46.3 mm, while the two sides show a maximum convergence of 18.4 mm. It is observed that the surrounding rock of the roadway satisfies the safety requirements for production. This study can provide theoretical support and a scientific basis for the stability discrimination of two sides and surrounding rock control of semi-coal rock roadways in shallow-buried thin coal seams under similar conditions.

Prospective validation of a mobile health application for blood pressure management in patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) pose significant risks to both maternal and fetal health, contributing to global morbidity and mortality. Management of HDP is complex, particularly because of concerns regarding potential negative effects on utero-placental circulation and limited therapeutic options due to fetal safety. Our study investigates whether blood pressure monitoring through a mobile health (mHealth) application can aid in addressing the challenges of blood pressure management in pregnant individuals with HDP. Additionally, we aim to assess whether this intervention can improve short-term maternal and fetal outcomes and potentially mitigate long-term cardiovascular consequences.MethodsThis prospective, randomized, single-center trial will include 580 pregnant participants who meet the HDP criteria or who have a heightened risk of pregnancy-related hypertension due to factors such as multiple pregnancies, obesity, diabetes, or a history of HDP in prior pregnancies leading to preterm birth. Participants will be randomized to either the mHealth intervention group or the standard care group. The primary endpoint is the difference in systolic blood pressure from enrollment to 1 month after childbirth. The secondary endpoints include various blood pressure parameters, obstetric outcomes, body mass index trajectory, step counts, mood assessment, and drug adherence.ConclusionsThis study emphasizes the potential of mHealth interventions, such as the Heart4U application, to improve blood pressure management in pregnant individuals with HDP. By leveraging technology to enhance engagement, communication, and monitoring, this study aims to positively impact maternal, fetal, and postpartum outcomes associated with HDP. This innovative approach demonstrates the potential of personalized technology-driven solutions for managing complex health conditions.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05995106. Registered on 16 August 2023.

In Situ Induced Interface Engineering in Hierarchical Fe3O4 Enhances Performance for Alkaline Solid-State Energy Storage.

Rechargeable aqueous batteries adopting Fe-based materials are attracting widespread attention by virtue of high-safety and low-cost. However, the present Fe-based anodes suffer from low electronic/ionic conductivity and unsatisfactory comprehensive performance, which greatly restrict their practicability. Concerning the principle of physical chemistry, fabricating electrodes that could simultaneously achieve ideal thermodynamics and fast kinetics is a promising issue. Herein, hierarchical Fe3O4@Fe foam electrode with enhanced interface/grain boundary engineering is fabricated through an in situ self-regulated strategy. The electrode achieves ultrahigh areal capacity of 31.45 mA h cm-2 (50 mA cm-2), good scale application potential (742.54 mA h for 25 cm2 electrode), satisfied antifluctuation capability, and excellent cycling stability. In/ex situ characterizations further validate the desired thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the electrode endowed with accurate interface regulation, which accounts for salient electrochemical reversibility in a two-stage phase transition and slight energy loss. This work offers a suitable strategy in designing high-performance Fe-based electrodes with comprehensive inherent characteristics for high-safety large-scale energy storage.

Investigation of three-dimensional wake width for offshore wind turbines under complex environmental conditions by large eddy simulation

Abstract The wake of wind turbines is a main concern for offshore wind farms, in which the wake width is a key index and needs to be accurately predicted. However, the existing wake width models have shortcomings in predicting the wake of wind turbines in different offshore environments. In view of this, large eddy simulation (LES) is adopted to simulate offshore wind turbines under various environmental conditions. The analyses show that there are evident differences in wake widths between horizontal and vertical directions. The variations of turbulence intensity and wind speed in the environment have significant effects on the wake width. By fitting the simulation results, a three-dimensional (3-D) wake width model is proposed to predict the wake widths in horizontal and vertical directions, which considers the effects of lateral and vertical turbulence intensities on the wake width in different directions, and uses the thrust coefficient to reflect the effect of wind speed. The proposed 3-D model is then compared with existing models through test cases, indicating that it is more accurate in predicting wake widths in horizontal and vertical directions under different environmental conditions, meanwhile shows good applicability in complex offshore environments.

Extraction of healthy oils from fish viscera by conventional and advanced technologies

Fish viscera is a by-product of fish processing that has limited use as added-value products. The current issue of circular economy to produce recycled and zero waste products, therefore, the utilization of fish viscera for valuable products is important to explore. One of the valuable components of fish viscera is fish oil, which is characterized by being high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The limited exploration of fish viscera for potential utilization requires a comprehensive review of the visceral characteristics of various fish species. This article reviews the nutritional characteristics of various fish viscera, lipid class composition, fish viscera oil characteristics, and various methods of fish viscera oil extraction, both by conventional and advanced technologies. The main contribution of this review is to provide information about fish viscera, their potential as a source of fish oil, and extraction methods which are suitable for various industrial applications and purposes, including health applications for ω-3 fatty acids.

Forms, Formations, and Reforms

ABSTRACT Oral history release forms are critical for documenting narrator intentions around access to and use of interviews, a key component of ethically managing this document type. Unfortunately, repositories are full of interviews with missing or problematic releases. To explain this phenomenon, the author reviews historical archival and oral history literature to trace the development of release form conventions and the historical trends in practice that explain the current state of documentation in archives. Important trends in this trajectory include professionalization of oral history, decades of inconsistent application of best practices, siloed discourses of archivists and oral historians, institutional review boards, and changing access expectations in the age of the Internet. The author also assesses current positive professional trends to prevent future release form problems and analyzes release form scenarios that may remain stubbornly at the discretion of archivists’ professional judgment or values.

Reporting quality of published reviews of commercial and publicly available mobile health apps (mHealth app reviews): a scoping review protocol

IntroductionReviews of commercial and publicly available smartphone (mobile) health applications (mHealth app reviews) are being undertaken and published. However, there is variation in the conduct and reporting of mHealth app...

Wearable solid-phase microextraction sampling for enhanced detection of volatile analytes in human ears

BackgroundInvestigating ear at molecule level is challenging task, since there is a lack of molecular detection by traditional diagnosis techniques such as otologic endoscopy, ear swab culture, and imaging diagnostic technique. Therefore, new development of noninvasive, highly sensitive, and convenient analytical method for investigating human ears is highly needed. ResultsWe developed a wearable sampling device for extracting trace analytes in ear by fixing solid-phase microextraction fibers into modified earmuffs (SPME-in-earmuffs). After sampling, SPME fiber was coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for identification and quantification of extracted analytes. Enhanced detection of various analytes such as volatile metabolites, exposures, and therapeutic drugs of ears were demonstrated in this work. Particularly, sport-induced metabolic changes such as fatty acids, aldehyde compounds and oxidative produces were found from human ears using this method. Acceptable analytical performances were obtained by using this newly developed method for detecting ear medicines, e.g., low limit of detection (LOD, 0.005–0.021 ng/mL) and limit of quantification (LOQ, 0.018–0.071 ng/mL), excellent linear dynamic responses (R2 > 0.99, ranging from 0.050–8.00 ng/mL), good relative standard deviations (RSDs, 13.19 % ∼ 21.40 %, n = 6) and accuracy (84.43–150.18 %, n = 6) at different concentrations. SignificanceFor the first time, this work provides a simple, convenient, and wearable microextraction method for enhanced detection of trace volatiles in human ears. The enclosed space between ear and earmuff allows headspace SPME sampling of volatile analytes, and thus provides a new wearable method for monitoring ear metabolites and human exposures, showing potential applications in human health, disease diagnosis, and sport science.

Biofunctional photoelectrochemical/electrochemical immunosensor based on BiVO4/BiOI-MWCNTs and Au@PdPt for alpha-fetoprotein detection

A biofunctional immunosensor combining photoelectrochemical (PEC) and electrochemical (EC) was proposed for the quantitative detection of the liver cancer marker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in human blood. BiVO4/BiOI-MWCNTs photoactive materials were first prepared on conductive glass FTO, and the photoelectrode was functionalized by chitosan and glutaraldehyde. Then, the AFP capture antibody (Ab1) was successfully modified on the photoelectrode, and the label-free rapid detection of AFP antigen was achieved by PEC. In addition, Au@PdPt nanospheres were also used as a marker for binding to AFP detection antibody (Ab2). Due to the excellent catalytic properties of Au@PdPt in EC reaction, a signal increase in the EC response can be achieved when Ab2 binds to the AFP antigen, which ensures high sensitivity for the detection of AFP. The detection limits of PEC and EC are 0.050 pg/mL and 0.014 pg/mL, respectively. The sensor also possesses good specificity, stability and reproducibility, shows excellent performance in the detection of clinical samples and has good clinical applicability.