Healing Therapy Research Articles

Integrating artificial intelligence in subconscious energy healing therapy (SEHT): Enhancing therapeutic outcomes

Integrating artificial intelligence in subconscious energy healing therapy (SEHT): Enhancing therapeutic outcomes

Oxygen-Bonded Amorphous Transition Metal Dichalcogenides with pH-Responsive Reactive Oxygen Biocatalysis for Combined Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Therapies in Diabetic Wound Healing.

Diabetic wound healing is a formidable challenge, often complicated by biofilms, immune dysregulation, and hindered vascularization within the wound environments. The intricate interplay of these microenvironmental factors has been a significant oversight in the evolution of therapeutic strategies. Herein, the design of an efficient and versatile oxygen-bonded amorphous transition metal dichalcogenide biocatalyst (aRuS-Or) with pH-responsive reactive oxygen biocatalysis for combined antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapies in promoting diabetic wound healing is reported. Leveraging the incorporation of Ru─O bonds, aRuS-Or exhibits optimized adsorption/desorption behavior of oxygen intermediates, thereby enhancing both the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation activity in acidic conditions and ROS scavenging performance in neutral environments. Remarkably, aRuS-Or demonstrates exceptional bactericidal potency within infected milieus through biocatalytic ROS generation. Beyond its antimicrobial capability, post-eradication, aRuS-Or serves a dual role in mitigating oxidative stress in inflammatory wounds, providing robust cellular protection and fostering an M2-phenotype polarization of macrophages, which is pivotal for accelerating the wound repair process. The findings underscore the multifaceted efficacy of aRuS-Or, which harmoniously integrates high antibacterial action with anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic properties. This triad of functionalities positions aRuS-Or as a promising candidate for the comprehensive management of complex diabetic ulcers, addressing the unmet needs in the current therapeutics.

Platelet Extracellular Vesicles Loaded Gelatine Hydrogels for Wound Care.

Platelet extracellular vesicles (pEVs)isolated from clinical-grade human platelet concentratesare attracting attention as a promising agent for wound healing therapies. Although pEVs have shown potential for skin regeneration, their incorporation into wound bandages has remained limitedly explored. Herein, gelatine-based hydrogel (PAH-G) foams for pEVs loading and release are formulated by crosslinking gelatine with poly(allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH) in the presence of glutaraldehyde and sodium bicarbonate. The optimized PAH-G hydrogel foam, PAH0.24G37, displayed an elastic modulus G' = 8.5 kPa at 37°C and retained a rubbery state at elevated temperatures. The excellent swelling properties of PAH0.24G37 allowed to easily absorb pEVs at high concentration (1×1011 particles mL-1). The therapeutic effect of pEVs was evaluated in vivo on a chronic wound rat model. These studies demonstrated full wound closure after 14 days upon treatment with PAH0.24G37@pEVs. The maintenance of a reduced-inflammatory environment from the onset of treatment promoted a quicker transition to skin remodeling. Promotion of follicle activation and angiogenesis as well as M1-M2 macrophage modulation are evidenced. Altogether, the multifunctional properties of PAH0.24G37@pEVs addressed the complex challenges associated with chronic diabetic wounds, representing a significant advance toward personalized treatment regimens for these conditions.

Arginine-Biofunctionalized Ternary Hydrogel Scaffolds of Carboxymethyl Cellulose–Chitosan–Polyvinyl Alcohol to Deliver Cell Therapy for Wound Healing

Wound healing is important for skin after deep injuries or burns, which can lead to hospitalization, long-term morbidity, and mortality. In this field, tissue-engineered skin substitutes have therapy potential to assist in the treatment of acute and chronic skin wounds, where many requirements are still unmet. Hence, in this study, a novel type of biocompatible ternary polymer hybrid hydrogel scaffold was designed and produced through an entirely eco-friendly aqueous process composed of carboxymethyl cellulose, chitosan, and polyvinyl alcohol and chemically cross-linked by citric acid, forming three-dimensional (3D) matrices, which were biofunctionalized with L-arginine (L-Arg) to enhance cellular adhesion. They were applied as bilayer skin biomimetic substitutes based on human-derived cell cultures of fibroblasts and keratinocytes were seeded and grown into their 3D porous structures, producing cell-based bio-responsive hybrid hydrogel scaffolds to assist the wound healing process. The results demonstrated that hydrophilic hybrid cross-linked networks were formed via esterification reactions with the 3D porous microarchitecture promoted by foam templating and freeze-drying. These hybrids presented chemical stability, physicochemical properties, high moisture adsorption capacity, surface properties, and a highly interconnected 3D porous structure well suited for use as a skin substitute in wound healing. Additionally, the surface biofunctionalization of these 3D hydrogel scaffolds with L-arginine through amide bonds had significantly enhanced cellular attachment and proliferation of fibroblast and keratinocyte cultures. Hence, the in vivo results using Hairless mouse models (an immunocompromised strain) confirmed that these responsive bio-hybrid hydrogel scaffolds possess hemocompatibility, bioadhesion, biocompatibility, adhesiveness, biodegradability, and non-inflammatory behavior and are capable of assisting the skin wound healing process.

Evaluating the Effect of Argon and Helium Atmospheric Cold Plasma Jets on Wound Healing in Rats: A Comparative Histopathological and Biochemical Analysis

Background: Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has emerged as a promising therapy for wound healing to deliver controlled doses of reactive species to tissues. Argon and helium, as gases used in CAP, are noted for their unique properties and therapeutic potential. Objectives: This study compared the effects of argon and helium atmospheric cold plasma jets on wound healing in a rat model, assessing histopathological changes and biochemical parameters. Methods: This randomized, controlled experimental study involved 18 male Wistar rats randomly assigned to control, helium-treated, and argon-treated groups. Wounds were created between the shoulders under anesthesia, treated with respective plasmas, and monitored for healing progress through macroscopic and microscopic evaluations. Results: Hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT) levels were significantly higher in experimental groups compared to controls (P < 0.05), while mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was lower (P < 0.05). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were highest in helium-treated and lowest in argon-treated rats (P < 0.05). Argon-treated rats showed enhanced IL-6, hyperemia, angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization, with lower TNF-α and necrotic layer thickness than other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Both argon and helium atmospheric cold plasma jets enhanced wound healing in rat models, demonstrating superior efficacy in promoting angiogenesis and re-epithelialization processes.

Perspectives on non-genetic optoelectronic modulation biointerfaces for advancing healthcare

AbstractAdvancements in optoelectronic biointerfaces have revolutionized healthcare by enabling targeted stimulation and monitoring of cells, tissues, and organs. Photostimulation, a key application, offers precise control over biological processes, surpassing traditional modulation methods with increased spatial resolution and reduced invasiveness. This perspective highlights three approaches in non-genetic optoelectronic photostimulation: nanostructured phototransducers for cellular stimulation, micropatterned photoelectrode arrays for tissue stimulation, and thin-film flexible photoelectrodes for multiscale stimulation. Nanostructured phototransducers provide localized stimulation at the cellular or subcellular level, facilitating cellular therapy and regenerative medicine. Micropatterned photoelectrode arrays offer precise tissue stimulation, critical for targeted therapeutic interventions. Thin-film flexible photoelectrodes combine flexibility and biocompatibility for scalable medical applications. Beyond neuromodulation, optoelectronic biointerfaces hold promise in cardiology, oncology, wound healing, and endocrine and respiratory therapies. Future directions include integrating these devices with advanced imaging and feedback systems, developing wireless and biocompatible devices for long-term use, and creating multifunctional devices that combine photostimulation with other therapies. The integration of light and electronics through these biointerfaces paves the way for innovative, less invasive, and more accurate medical treatments, promising a transformative impact on patient care across various medical fields.

Second‐degree burns treatment: Preclinical in vivo approaches using natural latex rubber containing Aloe vera extract

AbstractNatural rubber latex (NRL) obtained from Hevea brasiliensis is emerging as a viable and economical alternative for biomedical treatments, particularly for dermal injuries. Its effectiveness is enhanced when combined with bioactive molecules, such as those found in Aloe vera (AV), known for their healing properties and are commonly used in low‐cost wound healing therapies. Thus, this study evaluated the physicochemical and biological properties of NRL incorporated with 25%, 35%, and 50% AV, both in vitro and in vivo. FTIR analyses revealed only physical interactions between NRL and AV, facilitating their release, as evidenced by the release profile. In vitro assays indicated improved biocompatibility in samples composed of 25% and 35% AV, while complete cell death occurred at 50% AV. Histological evaluations of second‐degree burn models in rats showed greater re‐epithelialization of the epidermis with 35% AV after 14 days of treatment. However, 50% AV highlighted the importance of avoiding overdosing to prevent tissue necrosis. Despite the differences observed between in vitro and in vivo results, NRL membranes containing AV are a promising approach for future clinical trials in skin wounds treatment, offering an effective and affordable solutions for skin regeneration in clinical settings.

Non-pharmacological interventions of intermittent fasting and pulsed radiofrequency energy (PRFE) combination therapy promote diabetic wound healing

ObjectiveThis study aims to conduct an unbiased assessment of the synergistic effects of non-pharmacological Interventions of intermittent fasting and pulsed radiofrequency energy (PRFE) combination therapy on the facilitation of diabetic wound healing, while also exploring the underlying mechanisms. The findings of this research will provide a theoretical framework and innovative strategy for unconventional therapeutic interventions aimed at enhancing the healing process of diabetes-related wounds.MethodsIn vivo experiments involved the induction of diabetic models in C57 mice through streptozotocin injection. To simulate a combined therapeutic approach, diabetic mice underwent fasting on days 2 and 6, accompanied by twice daily PRFE applications for 8 days. In vitro experiments were conducted using a serum-free culture medium to replicate fasting conditions. The investigation encompassed wound healing rate, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, fibrogenesis, and sensory nerve growth through histological analysis and functional assessments in vivo. Additionally, this study utilized quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting (WB), and immunofluorescence staining techniques to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying the effects of intermittent Fasting and PRFE combination therapy in diabetic wound healing, both in vitro and in vivo.ResultsThe intermittent fasting and PRFE combination therapy demonstrated superior efficacy in enhancing diabetic wound healing compared to either treatment alone. It harnessed the respective strengths of individual therapies, fostering migration, mitigating oxidative stress, and enhancing fibrogenesis. Furthermore, the combination therapy manifested a synergistic effect in promoting proliferation, tube formation, angiogenesis, and sensory nerve growth.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that intermittent fasting and PRFE combination therapy enhance diabetic wound healing, effectively leveraging the strengths of both therapies and even yielding synergistic benefits. Moreover, it indicates the potential engagement of the P75/HIF1A/VEGFA axis in mediating these effects.

H2O2 Self-Supplied MoS2/CaO2 Nanozyme Hydrogel with Near-Infrared Photothermal Synergetic Cascade Peroxidase-Like Activity for Wound Disinfection.

In wound healing and clinical anti-infection therapy, the current feasibility of nanocatalysts is extremely limited because of inadequate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Herein, a novel H2O2 self-supplying nanocomposite (M/C/AEK) consists of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) decorated with calcium peroxide (CaO2) prepared at ambient temperature and encapsulated in AEK hydrogel. In the presence of H2O2 and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), CaO2 nanoclusters, ≈30nm, are anchored on the MoS2 surface. MoS2/CaO2 can induce both a cascaded peroxidase (POD)-like and catalase (CAT)-like catalytic activity to produce toxic hydroxyl radicals through self-supplied H2O2 and O2 responsive to the faintly acidic environment of acute wounds. The POD-like activity is increased under acidic compared with neutral conditions, allowing selective treatment of acute, slightly acidic wounds while avoiding the side effects of high-concentration antibacterial agents on normal tissues. The high near-infrared photothermal effect synergistically with POD-like/CAT-like activity of MoS2/CaO2 boosts the production of more ROS to eradicate Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria (98.6% and 98.9%) effectively and selectively stimulate wound healing. The porous M/C/AEK hydrogel in the wound microenvironment can efficiently capture bacteria, and its Ca2+ ions and keratin stimulate healing, revealing excellent potential in advanced wound care and infection control therapies.

Development of Scaffolds with Chitosan Magnetically Activated with Cobalt Nanoferrite: A Study on Physical-Chemical, Mechanical, Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Behavior.

Background/Objectives: This study investigates the development of 3D chitosan-x-cobalt ferrite scaffolds (x = 5, 7.5, and 10 wt%) with interconnected porosity for potential biomedical applications. The objective was to evaluate the effects of magnetic particle incorporation on the scaffolds' structural, mechanical, magnetic, and biological properties, specifically focusing on their biocompatibility and antimicrobial performance. Methods: Scaffolds were synthesized using freeze-drying, while cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were produced via a pilot-scale combustion reaction. The scaffolds were characterized for their physical and chemical properties, including porosity, swelling, and mechanical strength. Hydrophilicity was assessed through contact angle measurements. Antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated using time kill kinetics and agar diffusion assays, and biocompatibility was confirmed through cytotoxicity tests. Results: The incorporation of cobalt ferrite increased magnetic responsiveness, altered porosity profiles, and influenced swelling, biodegradation, and compressive strength, with a maximum value of 87 kPa at 7.5 wt% ferrite content. The scaffolds maintained non-toxicity and demonstrated bactericidal activity. The optimal concentration for achieving a balance between structural integrity and biological performance was found at 7.5 wt% cobalt ferrite. Conclusions: These findings suggest that magnetic chitosan-cobalt ferrite scaffolds possess significant potential for use in biomedical applications, including tissue regeneration and advanced healing therapies. The incorporation of magnetic properties enhances both the structural and biological functionalities, presenting promising opportunities for innovative therapeutic approaches in reconstructive procedures.

Preparation and Characterization of Anti-Microbial Wound Healing Materials from Natural Origins

Abstract Many types of polymers utilized as wound dressings, Polycaprolactone (PCL) displays high degree of biocompatibility as well as biodegradability, the mechanical strength states PCL in the foreground materials used in wound healing therapies. Current work aims to develop new types of wound plaster dressing, a multiple of natural and medical materials (aloe Vera, calendula and phenobarbital) were used to enhance the anti-microbial behavior as well as pain removal during wound healing period. Aloe Vera gels, Calendula extraction, with phenobarbital drug were precipitates on PCL layer in different percentage. Microstructure observation proves that polycaprolactone polymer is good base material supports dressing constituents, wound dressing homogeneity increased due to chemical reactions between the Aloe Vera and other materials. the main elements of dressing (carbon and oxygen) observed from chemical analysis (EDS) which is also showed that using combination of natural plants (aloe vera and Calendula) with phenobarbital medicine create wound plaster layer with wide range of active elements lead to therapeutic effects including antibacterial, In (FTIR) the results show using mixture of natural additives (aloe, calendula), medicine like phenobarbital in PCL lead to create wound plaster with high (OH) content acts to expedite the skin’s healing process by maintaining the natural level of minerals and hydration at wound area. Hydrophobicity of wound can minimized when adding some hydrophilic materials like Aloe Vera, phenobarbital and calendula, Aloe Vera gel, phenobarbital, as well as calendula decrease the contact angle value. Providing high adhesion between wound plaster and skin tissue. All prepared wound plaster has same and high resistance to Staphylococcus bacteria (40mm).

Essential Oils of Some Potential Medicinal Plants and their Wound Healing Activities.

The wound has been recognised as a deep cut or tearing of the epidermis, which is also referred to as trauma and harm to the body tissues. Healing of wounds requires a coordinated series of cellular processes, including cell attraction, proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis. These processes involve interactions between various cells, such as macrophages, endothelial cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, growth hormones, and proteases. The outcome of wounds can be fatal if not treated properly, resulting in chronic wounds, chronic pain, and even death. Wound healing is replacing missing tissue with tissue repairs and regeneration. Some local variables are the presence of tissue maceration, foreign objects, biofilm, hypoxia, ischemia, and wound infection. Sustained growth factor delivery, siRNA delivery, micro-RNA targeting, and stem cell therapy are all emerging possible therapeutic approaches for wound healing. Traditional approaches, such as Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani medicines, are also being used for treatment. The therapeutic application of nanoformulations in wound infections has shown various beneficial effects. Several herbal medicines, especially essential oils have shown potential wound healing activities, such as lavender, tea tree, sesame, olive, etc. Various nanoparticles and their nanoformulations have been explored in wound healing therapy. The present review article highlights several aspects of essential oils for wound healing activity through a novel drug delivery system. Further, some patents on wound healing through herbal medicine have been listed.

Recent Advancement in Novel Wound Healing Therapies by Using Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Humans and Amphibians.

The skin is the biggest organ in the human body. It is the first line of protection against invading pathogens and the starting point for the immune system. The focus of this review is on the use of amphibian-derived peptides and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the treatment of wound healing. When skin is injured, a chain reaction begins that includes inflammation, the formation of new tissue, and remodelling of existing tissue to aid in the healing process. Collaborating with non-immune cells, resident and recruited immune cells in the skin remove foreign invaders and debris, then direct the repair and regeneration of injured host tissues. Restoration of normal structure and function requires the healing of damaged tissues. However, a major issue that slows wound healing is infection. AMPs are just one type of host-defense chemicals that have developed in multicellular animals to regulate the immune response and limit microbial proliferation in response to various types of biological or physical stress. Therefore, peptides isolated from amphibians represent novel therapeutic tools and approaches for regenerating damaged skin. Peptides that speed up the healing process could be used as therapeutic lead molecules in future research into novel drugs. AMPs and amphibian-derived peptides may be endogenous mediators of wound healing and treat non-life-threatening skin and epithelial lesions. Thus, the present article was drafted with to incorporate different peptides used in wound healing, their method of preparation and routes of administration.

Integrating drumming, body percussion, sound therapy, and trance therapy into Subconscious Energy Healing Therapy (SEHT) for Peak Performance

This comprehensive concept note delves into the potential of combining drumming, body percussion, sound therapy, and trance therapy within the framework of Subconscious Energy Healing Therapy (SEHT) to enhance peak performance. By leveraging the distinct and synergistic effects of rhythmic and sound-based interventions, along with the deep transformative power of trance states, this approach aims to optimize mental, emotional, and physical well-being. Each component is explored in detail, emphasizing their individual contributions to the mind-body connection, emotional release, and subconscious healing. The note further addresses the current gaps in their application and offers strategic recommendations for the adoption of this integrative therapy by corporations and the general public, highlighting its wide-ranging benefits on both the mind and body.

Quercus glauca Acorn Seed Coat Extract Promotes Wound Re-Epithelialization by Facilitating Fibroblast Migration and Inhibiting Dermal Inflammation.

The skin, recognized as the largest organ in the human body, serves a vital function in safeguarding against external threats. Severe damage to the skin can pose significant risks to human health. There is an urgent requirement for safe and effective therapies for wound healing. While phytotherapy has been widely utilized for various health conditions, the potential of Quercus glauca in promoting wound healing has not been thoroughly explored. Q. glauca is a cultivated crop known for its abundance of bioactive compounds. This study examined the wound-healing properties of Quercus glauca acorn seed coat water extract (QGASE). The findings from the study suggest that QGASE promotes wound closure in HF cells by upregulating essential markers related to the wound-healing process. Additionally, QGASE demonstrates antioxidant effects, mitigating oxidative stress and aiding in recovery from injuries induced by H2O2. In vivo experiments provide additional substantiation supporting the efficacy of QGASE in enhancing wound healing. The collective results indicate that QGASE may be a promising candidate for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing skin wound repair.

A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on the Comparative Efficacy of Stem Cells Therapy for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing

Stem cell therapy in diabetic foot ulcer has emerged as a promising treatment option to promote ulcer healing. This network meta-analysis was undertaken to evaluate how they compete with each other and their ranking with respect to chances of ulcer healing. A systematic search strategy to retrieve data from five databases, were used to identify potential studies. Randomized controlled trial or clinical controlled trial, published in English, using any type of stem cells as intervention in individuals aged over 18 years diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcers were included. This network meta-analysis was performed using frequentist method using R version 4.2.1. Eighteen clinical trials were included in the study which included 13 interventions. The study found that most of the stem cells were significantly promoting ulcer healing chances with human viable wound matrix (hVWM) [RR 2.91; CI: 1.28, 6.64], peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) [RR 2.35; CI: 1.21, 4.55], bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) [RR 2.20; CI: 1.34, 3.60], were top three stem cell options among all. P score also suggested the same. Risk of bias study suggested that there was “some concern or “high risk’’ among majority of studies. It is evident from this study that bone marrow mononuclear cells were found to be most effective in wound healing in cases of diabetic foot ulcer in that order. Though there was no significant difference between these and more studies were required to ascertain whether they differ in term of efficacy for the clinical outcome of ulcer healing.

Synthesis and characterization of a novel dual sensitive iron nanoparticles incorporated Schiff base composite hydrogel for diabetic wound healing therapy

Chronic wounds in diabetic patients deteriorate into multiple infections. A multifunctional transdermal material with high self-healing ability, remodeling capability, antibacterial and radicle scavenging activity, and an excellent multi-sensitive carrier was needed to promote wound healing. For that, Oxidized Cellulose (OC) and gelatin (GLN) are selected to construct a dual drug-loaded Schiff base hydrogel with iron nanoparticle (IONPS) incorporation for the controlled and sustained release of Insulin (INS) and Metfomin (MET), which synergistically promote wound repair. The INS/MET-IONPS-OC/GLN hydrogel drug payload was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, DLS, ZETA, TG, FE-SEM, TEM, and VSM analysis. The high drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were 93.20 % and 98.8 % for INS and 90.2 % and 95.1 % for MET, respectively. The temperature-sensitive drug release (92.0 % of INS and 90.0 % of MET) percentage is much better than the pH-sensitive drug release (83.5 % of INS and 80.2 % of MET). Above 90.0 % viability in MTT and apoptosis assay reveals the nontoxic nature of the INS/MET-IONPS-OC/GLN towards L929 normal cell lines. The zone of inhibition value of 12 and 15 mm in gram-negative bacteria reveals the anti-bacterial effect. The antioxidant activity of the carrier shields the cells against reactive oxygen species promotes healing rate ensures by DPPH assay.The cell proliferation and angiogenesis were confirmed by scratch assay on L929 cell lines in diabetic and non-diabetic conditions, showing the healing ability of the INS/MET-IONPS-OC/GLN hydrogel.

Cu2O-SnO2-PDA heterozygous nanozyme doped hydrogel mediated conglutinant microenvironment regulation for wound healing therapy

Bacterial infection significantly hinders the wound healing process. Overuse of antibiotics has led to the rise of drug resistance in bacteria, making the development of smart medical dressings that promote wound healing without antibiotics, a critical need. In this study, Cu₂O-SnO₂-PDA (PCS) nanoenzymes with Fenton-like activity and high photothermal conversion efficiency were developed. These nanoenzymes were then incorporated into a hydrogel through cross-linking of acrylamide (AM) and N-[Tris-(hydroxymethyl)methyl] acrylamide (THMA), forming a tough, highly-adhesive, and self-healing composite hydrogel (AT/PCS) with antimicrobial properties. The AT/PCS hydrogel exhibits excellent mechanical strength and adhesion, facilitating increased oxygen levels and strong adherence to the wound site. Moreover, it effectively regulates the wound microenvironment by combining synergistic chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) for antibacterial treatment. The AT/PCS hydrogel enhances collagen deposition and expedites wound healing in a rat model, largely due to its potent antibacterial properties.

Continuous Diffused Oxygen Therapy for Wound Healing

What Is the Issue? Wounds are prevalent across health care settings, costing Canada an estimated $12 billion per year in wound care. Chronic wounds (wounds that do not heal in the typical amount of time, which can depend on the size and type of wound) can have a significant impact on a patient’s quality of life and health. Healing tissue has a high need for oxygen. Oxygen can be delivered in several ways, including topical oxygen therapy, which delivers oxygen directly to the wound. One type of topical oxygen therapy is continuously diffused oxygen (CDO) therapy, which uses a device that takes oxygen from the air and then delivers pure, humidified oxygen to the wound. We previously completed a Rapid Review on CDO therapy for wounds in 2020. This review aimed to determine if new evidence has since been published on this topic. What Did We Do? To inform decisions about CDO therapy for wound healing, we sought to identify and summarize literature comparing the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of CDO therapy versus conventional wound care. We also attempted to identify evidence-based recommendations for the use of CDO therapy. We searched key resources, including journal citation databases, and conducted a focused internet search for relevant evidence published since 2019. One reviewer screened articles for inclusion based on predefined criteria, critically appraised the included studies, and narratively summarized the findings. What Did We Find? CDO therapy appears to be clinically effective for treating patients with diabetic foot ulcers, particularly chronic or hard-to-heal ulcers that have not responded to standard care. Rates of adverse events were comparable between patients receiving CDO and patients receiving standard care. Two cost-effectiveness studies reported that CDO is likely to be cost-effective compared to standard care for patients with chronic, hard-to-heal diabetic foot ulcers. We identified fewer studies for other types of wounds. Preliminary evidence suggests that CDO therapy may be helpful for patients with other types of wounds that are chronic or have not responded to standard care. Reporting on adverse events was limited. Limited evidence suggests that patients receiving CDO therapy had better outcomes if their wound was debrided more frequently as well as if they received CDO therapy for a longer time. The evidence-based guidelines recommend the use of topical oxygen therapy (of which CDO is a subtype) for treating diabetic foot ulcers that have failed to heal with standard care. One guideline suggested that topical oxygen therapy may be considered for other types of non-neoplastic, hard-to-heal wounds. We did not find cost-effectiveness evidence for wounds other than diabetic foot ulcers that met the inclusion criteria for our report. We also did not identify any clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness evidence, or any guidelines regarding the use of CDO to treat First Nations, Inuit, and Métis patients, that met the inclusion criteria for our report. What Does This Mean? CDO therapy may be beneficial and more cost-effective than standard care for patients with hard-to-heal, chronic diabetic foot ulcers that have not responded to standard care. Evidence-based guidelines also recommend the use of CDO therapy for this patient population. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of CDO therapy for other types of wounds is still unclear. It is also unclear if there is an optimal way to provide CDO (e.g., oxygen flow rate, debridement, length of treatment). We identified limited evidence that reported on patient ethnicity. Considering that some groups, including First Nations, Inuit, and Métis Peoples, have higher rates of diabetes than the overall population in Canada — which may lead to higher rates of diabetic foot ulcers — decision-makers involved in implementing CDO therapy should consider ways to ensure equitable access for all patients who may need this treatment.

A comparative study of Fibre Bragg Grating for spatially and temporally resolved gas temperature measurements in cold atmospheric pressure plasma jets

Abstract Cold atmospheric pressure plasma jets (CAP-Jet) are successfully used in medical ther-apy for healing of chronic wounds and are widely researched in inactivation of patho-gens and in assisting in cancer therapy. A crucial parameter for these plasma applica-tions is that CAP-Jets operate at temperatures that are tolerable for biological tissues. While tools characterizing the plasma's gas temperature are well developed, there are only a few methods that work with an agreeable limit of uncertainty, complexity and limited perturbation properties to accurately determine that the studied plasma jet operates at tissue tolerable temperatures at all times. In the current work, time resolved measurements of the gas temperature in the effluent of a CAP-Jet are performed using the innovative technique of a Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG), in which the temperature dynamics is measured by a shift of the FBGs resonant wavelength through its thermo-optic coefficient. Comparing with other temporal and spatial diagnostic tools such as thermocouple measurement, Schlieren imaging, and optical emission spectroscopy, we demonstrate reliable calorimetric measurements at different plasma duty cycles. The plasma source maintains tissue tolerable temperatures inside the plasma active zone with values below 35°C at 1 cm distance from the jet nozzle. The calorimetric measure-ments have revealed that the heat power dissipation in comparison to electric energy of our plasma source is at least 50%.